CN112369272A - Method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri - Google Patents
Method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369272A CN112369272A CN202011276757.5A CN202011276757A CN112369272A CN 112369272 A CN112369272 A CN 112369272A CN 202011276757 A CN202011276757 A CN 202011276757A CN 112369272 A CN112369272 A CN 112369272A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant pest monitoring and control, and particularly relates to a field citrus psylla prediction method. A method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri comprises the following steps: (1) selecting 4 citrus trees as diaphorina citri monitoring trees at the edges of the citrus orchard in four directions, and performing retraction recutting in winter; (2) erasing or beating flowers of the monitoring tree in spring; (3) insecticide is not needed to be sprayed aiming at the 'monitoring tree' all the year round; (4) retracting and pruning branches of the 'monitoring tree' at a proper period, applying enough fertilizer and water for promoting growth of nutrient branches, and promoting the treetop of the 'monitoring tree' to be more than that of other citrus trees in the orchard, wherein the treetop time is advanced; (5) visually investigating the diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the 'monitoring tree' or installing a high-definition monitoring camera, and accessing a monitoring network to carry out remote observation; (6) and issuing orchard diaphorina citri prediction information according to diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the monitoring tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant pest monitoring and control, and particularly relates to a field citrus psylla prediction method.
Background
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) belongs to national plant quarantine pests, is a destructive disease in citrus production, has strong infectivity, and has pathogen which is a gram-negative bacterium difficult to culture and is mainly transmitted by diaphorina citri, grafting and nursery stock with diseases. The diaphorina citri is the most main path for the spread of citrus greening disease under natural conditions; the natural diffusion and spread path of the citrus greening disease can be cut off by preventing and controlling the citrus psyllids in time. Besides propagating HLB, diaphorina citri clusters ingest tender shoot and leaf sap, causing leaf distortion and malformation, and white waxy silk excreta secreted by nymphs can cause citrus sooty smoke to occur. The distribution range of the diaphorina citri is wide, and the diaphorina citri is distributed in places such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan and the like in China and south citrus producing areas in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and the like. The citrus psylla can generate 7-13 generations in Guangxi and the generations are overlapped.
If the monitoring and forecasting of the diaphorina citri are carried out, the method has very important significance for preventing and controlling the citrus yellow shoot.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a simple and accurate citrus psylla monitoring and forecasting method in a field, which utilizes a technology for promoting the early and multiple tip-pulling of citrus trees and biological characteristics that citrus psylla likes to grow and propagate on young tips of sunward.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 4 citrus trees as citrus psylla monitoring trees at the edges of four directions of a citrus orchard, and performing retraction recutting in winter;
(2) removing or beating off flowers of the 'monitoring tree' in spring without bearing fruits;
(3) insecticide is not sprayed to 'monitoring trees' all the year round, but the whole orchard is normally managed;
(4) retracting and pruning branches of the 'monitoring tree' at a proper period, applying enough fertilizer and water for promoting growth of nutrient branches, and promoting the treetop of the 'monitoring tree' to be more than that of other citrus trees in the orchard, wherein the treetop time is advanced;
(5) visually investigating the diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the 'monitoring tree' or installing a high-definition monitoring camera, and performing remote observation after accessing a monitoring network;
(6) and issuing orchard diaphorina citri prediction information according to diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the monitoring tree.
Preferably, the 4 'monitoring trees' in the step (1) are 1 in each of four directions of the outer edge of the orchard, strong pruning branches are selected and reserved during retraction and re-shearing, the pruning standard is 4/5 of the branches are pruned from the top to the bottom, the branches of weak branches, diseased branches and seriously overlapped branches are completely pruned, and the height of the trees is controlled to be below 1.5m through retraction and re-shearing; biennial citrus seedlings can also be planted, with the cut standard being 1/5 cut from the top down.
Preferably, the four directions of the outer edge of the orchard are four directions of east, west, south and north of the outer edge of the orchard, and the distance between the 4 monitoring trees is more than 15 m.
Preferably, the winter retraction pruning period described in step (1) is from the bottom of 12 months of the year to the beginning of 1 month of the following year.
Preferably, the step (3) of not spraying the insecticide on the monitoring tree means that the insecticide is not sprayed on the monitoring tree deliberately, the monitoring tree is not avoided deliberately, and the whole orchard is completely and normally applied with the insecticide.
Preferably, the standard of retracting and pruning the branches in the step (4) is to prune 1/4 from the top of the branches downwards and prune diseased branches, weak branches and overlapped branches; applying compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus as main components for 1 time before pruning, wherein the dosage of each plant is 0.25-0.50kg per plant; the flower and fruit protecting fertilizer and the plant hormone are not applied, and the fertilizer is applied as other fruit trees at ordinary times.
Preferably, N is P in the compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen and phosphorus2O5:K2O＝15:10:5。
Preferably, the optimum period in step (4) is 10-12 days before the normal heading period of the citrus tree, but if the whole citrus orchard is to be trimmed or bud-picking, the "monitor tree" is trimmed or bud-picking 5 days earlier than other fruit trees.
Preferably, step (5) is carried out by walking around the monitoring tree for one week during visual inspection to observe whether the adult or nymph of the diaphorina citri is present or not by shoot and record.
Preferably, the step (6) issues a diaphorina citri forecast message according to the data investigated in the step (5), and if diaphorina citri is found on a 'monitoring tree', an early warning for diaphorina citri control of the whole orchard needs to be issued.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method of the invention cultivates the 'monitoring tree', promotes the advance of the treetop-treetop, and attracts the citrus psyllids, so that the accuracy of the prediction information of the citrus psyllids is higher, and the release time.
2. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the number of the investigation plants is only 4, the plants are arranged at the outer edge of the orchard and close to the roadside, and the plants are dwarfed to be below 1.5m, so that convenience is brought to an investigator, the investigator can easily observe the plants, the labor intensity of the investigation and monitoring person is greatly reduced, and the investigation accuracy is improved.
3. The method solves the problem that people must be relied on to carry out field investigation of the orchard; because the monitoring tree is not high, young shoots are all on the upper layer, and the population density is high, the young shoots are easy to observe, and a scheme is provided for real-time, visual and remote video monitoring of the diaphorina citri.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of a "monitoring tree" as an original orchard tree;
wherein, the treetop-1A-monitoring tree has advanced treetop-drawing time and more treetop-drawing quantity; 1B-occurrence of diaphorina citri on young shoots of "monitoring trees".
FIG. 2 shows the case of "monitoring trees" for fruit trees in a newly planted orchard;
wherein, the 2A- 'monitoring tree' has advanced treetop time and large treetop quantity; 2B-monitoring the occurrence of diaphorina citri on the young shoots of the tree.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
Example 1：
The method for monitoring and forecasting the diaphorina citri comprises the following steps:
(1) the test site was the Qingyuan Town lawn village (east longitude 108 degrees 32', 41', northern latitude 24 degrees 27 '49', altitude 181.89m) in the Yizhou district of Guangxi. The citrus variety is sugar orange, about seven years citrus orchard. Selecting a 'monitoring tree' at the outer edges (close to the roadside) of four directions of east, west, south, north and the like of the orchard, performing retraction heavy shearing on the 'monitoring tree' in winter, shearing 4/5 of branches from top to bottom, dwarfing the tree height to 1.5 meters through retraction shearing, and applying enough water and fertilizer according to normal management;
(2) removing all buds in spring; respectively retracting and trimming in the late ten days of 2 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months and 8 months, trimming 1/4 downwards from the top of the branch, immediately spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the root after trimming, and normally spraying insecticide in the orchard as usual during the period, except that the insecticide is not applied to the monitored tree;
(3) after the 'monitoring tree' is retracted and trimmed, a large number of new shoots are extracted in 9 days, the shoot extraction time is earlier than that of other plants in the orchard, and the new shoots are kept to continuously germinate in 4-8 months;
(4) the diaphorina citri is firstly found on the young shoots of the monitoring tree in the whole orchard, the time is earlier by 4 days, the population density of the diaphorina citri of the monitoring tree is obviously more than that of other fruit trees in the later period, and the insect states of the diaphorina citri are also easy to identify.
Example 2：
The method for monitoring and forecasting the diaphorina citri comprises the following steps:
(1) the test site was the eastern spring town chinese farm thirteen-team in the county of willow city, guangxi (eastern longitude 109.557241, northern latitude 24.61335, altitude 117.1 m). The citrus variety is mandarin orange in willow city, old orchard for about ten years. Planting a great variety of orange seedlings in the willow city at the outer edges (close to the roadside) of four directions such as east, west, south, north and the like of the orchard in winter and in the places where the orange yellow dragon disease plants are removed, wherein the first winter is not retracted and trimmed, 1/5 branches are trimmed downwards from the tops of the branches from the second winter, and sufficient water and fertilizer are applied according to normal management of the orchard;
(2) removing all buds in spring; respectively retracting and trimming in the late ten days of 2 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months and 8 months, trimming 1/4 downwards from the top of the branch, immediately spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the root after trimming, and normally spraying insecticide in the orchard as usual during the period, except that the insecticide is not applied to the monitored tree;
(3) the number of young shoots of the monitoring tree is large in 3 months, the germination time is early, and the young shoots are kept to continuously germinate in 4-8 months;
(4) the diaphorina citri is firstly found on the young shoots of the monitoring trees in the whole orchard, the time is 5 days earlier, and the population density of the diaphorina citri of the monitoring trees is most remarkable at the later stage.
Example 3：
The method for monitoring and forecasting the diaphorina citri comprises the following steps:
(1) the test site is Nakanghai Zhencu (east longitude 107.55327, north latitude 22.74612, altitude 144.8m,) in Yangxi Chong, Calif. The citrus variety is Wai citrus, the fourth year citrus orchard. Selecting a 'monitoring tree' at the outer edges (close to the roadside) of four directions such as east, west, south, north and the like of an orchard, performing retraction recutting on the 'monitoring tree' after harvesting fruits in winter, cutting 4/5 of branches downwards from the top, shortening the tree height to 1.5 meters through retraction recutting, and applying enough water and fertilizer according to normal management;
(2) removing all buds; respectively retracting and trimming in the late ten days of 2 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months and 8 months, trimming 1/4 from the top of the branch to the lower part, immediately spraying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the root after trimming, and normally spraying insecticide and fertilizer water in the orchard as usual during the period, but avoiding pesticide application not aiming at the 'monitoring tree';
(3) after the 'monitoring tree' is retracted and trimmed, a large number of new shoots are extracted 8 days later, the shoot extraction time is earlier than that of other plants in the orchard, and the new shoots are kept to continuously germinate in 4-8 months;
(4) the diaphorina citri is firstly found on the young shoots of the monitoring tree in the whole orchard, the time is earlier by 4 days, the population density of the diaphorina citri of the monitoring tree is obviously more than that of other fruit trees in the later period, and the insect states of the diaphorina citri are also easy to identify.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1-2, the number of young shoots on the "monitoring tree" is large, and the number of nymphs and adults of diaphorina citri on the young shoots is large, which can be easily found; however, other citrus plants have not been or rarely shoot, and the citrus psyllid is difficult to find.
In conclusion, the method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri changes the traditional method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri, obviously reduces labor intensity, enhances the accuracy and the practicability of monitoring and forecasting, can forecast the diaphorina citri occurrence in an orchard in advance by more than 3 days, and provides accurate and timely forecasting information for guiding diaphorina citri control and stopping the diffusion and the spread of citrus greening disease.
The method solves the problem of real-time remote and accurate monitoring of the diaphorina citri in the orchard, and provides a scheme for real-time, visual and remote video monitoring of the diaphorina citri. The invention is suitable for popularization in orange orchards in northern, middle and southern parts of Guangxi provinces, such as sugar oranges, honey oranges in Liucheng province and honey oranges in Wako, and in Mandarin orange psylla occurrence areas or Mandarin orange psylla potential distribution areas.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting 4 citrus trees as citrus psylla monitoring trees at the edges of four directions of a citrus orchard, and performing retraction recutting in winter;
(2) removing or beating off flowers of the 'monitoring tree' in spring without bearing fruits;
(3) insecticide is not sprayed to 'monitoring trees' all the year round, but the whole orchard is normally managed;
(4) retracting and pruning branches of the 'monitoring tree' at a proper period, applying enough fertilizer and water for promoting growth of nutrient branches, and promoting the treetop of the 'monitoring tree' to be more than that of other citrus trees in the orchard, wherein the treetop time is advanced;
(5) visually investigating the diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the 'monitoring tree' or installing a high-definition monitoring camera, and performing remote observation after accessing a monitoring network;
(6) and issuing orchard diaphorina citri prediction information according to diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the monitoring tree.
2. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri according to claim 1, wherein the 4 "monitoring trees" in step (1) are 1 selected from each of four directions of the outer edge of the orchard, strong pruning branches are selected when retracting and re-shearing are carried out, the pruning standard is 4/5 for pruning branches from top to bottom, the branches of weak branches, diseased branches and seriously overlapped branches are completely pruned, and the height of the trees is controlled to be below 1.5m by retracting and re-shearing; biennial citrus seedlings can also be planted, with the cut standard being 1/5 cut from the top down.
3. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri according to claim 2, wherein the four directions of the periphery of the orchard are four directions of east, west, south and north of the periphery of the orchard, and the distance between the 4 monitoring trees is more than 15 m.
4. The method for diaphorina citri monitoring and forecasting according to claim 1, wherein the winter retraction pruning period in step (1) is from the bottom of 12 months to the beginning of 1 month of the following year.
5. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of spraying no insecticide on the monitored tree means that the insecticide is not sprayed on the monitored tree intentionally or the monitored tree is not avoided intentionally, and the whole orchard is completely and normally sprayed and managed.
6. The method for diaphorina citri monitoring and forecasting according to claim 1, wherein the criteria for retracting and pruning the shoots in step (4) is to prune 1/4 the tops of the shoots and prune diseased, weak and overlapping shoots; applying compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus as main components for 1 time before pruning, wherein the dosage of each plant is 0.25-0.50kg per plant; the flower and fruit protecting fertilizer and the plant hormone are not applied, and the fertilizer is applied as other fruit trees at ordinary times.
7. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri according to claim 6, wherein the N: P in the nitrogen-phosphorus-based compound fertilizer2O5:K2O＝15:10:5。
8. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri according to claim 1, wherein the optimum period in step (4) is 10-12 days before the normal heading period of citrus trees, but if the whole citrus orchard is to be trimmed or bud-picked, the "monitoring tree" is trimmed or bud-picked 5 days earlier than other fruit trees.
9. The method for diaphorina citri monitoring and forecasting according to claim 1, wherein step (5) is carried out by looking around the "monitoring tree" for one week during the visual investigation to observe and record the presence of diaphorina citri adults or nymphs.
10. The method for monitoring and forecasting diaphorina citri according to claim 1, wherein step (6) issues diaphorina citri prediction information according to the data investigated in step (5), and if diaphorina citri is found in the "monitoring tree", it is necessary to issue an early warning for diaphorina citri control of the whole orchard.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114885724A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-08-12 | 赣南师范大学 | Citrus psylla partition prevention and control treatment method |
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