CN107980499A - A kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test - Google Patents
A kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test Download PDFInfo
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- CN107980499A CN107980499A CN201711417397.4A CN201711417397A CN107980499A CN 107980499 A CN107980499 A CN 107980499A CN 201711417397 A CN201711417397 A CN 201711417397A CN 107980499 A CN107980499 A CN 107980499A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test, comprise the following steps that：Step 1, cultivates sesame droop sick nursery；Step 2, fine site preparation is with beginning sowing in good time；Step 3, determines planting density；Step 4, strengthens sick nursery field management；Step 5, Disease investigation and classification；Step 6, carries out disease resistance evaluation.The present invention carries out sesame droop disease resistance field test by cultivating the Infected Field of the different continuous cropping time limits, not only increase the crop field determination rates of sesame fusarium wilt disease resistance, and improve the accuracy and repeatability of Disease Resistance Identification, under same-cost and Infected Field area, its disposable evaluable sesame variety quantity is more than 46 times of the prior art, this method can be not only used for the Disease Resistance Identification of sesame variety, sesame anti-blight breeding is similarly applied to, accelerates to advance the selection and breeding and popularization and application of disease-resistant variety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop resistance to identify field, is specifically a kind of side of sesame droop disease resistance field test
Method.
Background technology
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to Pedaliaceae (pedaliaceae family) flax category (Sesamum
Genus), annual herb plant, is one of high-quality oil crops most ancient in the world, because containing sesamin, sesamol and
The antioxidant such as vitamin E and enjoy the good reputation of " oil plant queen ".Sesame is used as one of highest crop of oil content in the world,
Its aliphatic acid main component is oleic acid (18: 1) and linoleic acid (18: 2), ratio 1: 1, is optimal edible oil sources.
Carry out sesame heredity as one of big sesame main production country in the world four and breeding work is more early, be bred as product at present in China
Kind reaches up to a hundred, per unit area yield and total yield Ye Junju worlds first.But limited by species characteristics, existing kind still suffers from disease-resistant
Resistance is poor, low output and shakiness, the problems such as mechanization degree is low.The disease resistance for improving kind is China's sesame in the latest 20 years
One of important content of breeding research.
Sesame droop (sesame Fusarium wilt, SFW) is by fusarium oxysporum sesame [Fusarium
Oxysporum Schl.f.sp.sesami (Zap.), FOS] caused by a kind of silborne fungal diseases, most earlier than nineteen fifty in north
Hairdressing shows.The disease, which belongs to the sesame such as worldwide disease, China, India, the Sudan, Egypt, Pakistan producing country, to be had in various degree
Occur.The disease occurs mainly in the sesame producing region such as northeast, North China, northwest, the Yellow River and Huai He River and yangtse-huaihe region in China and generally occurs,
Long-term incidence can cause the sesame underproduction, quality decline up to more than 30% when being in a bad way, become and restrict sesame in 5%-10%
The Major Diseases of Taro Aso's production.Sesame droop is also known as half of yellow or yellow, is typical vascular bundle diseases.The more roots from seedling of germ
Point, wound intrusion, enter conduit after being invaded from root, stem, leaf, capsule and seed are spread to along conduit, cause complete stool morbidity withered
Extremely.Selection and breeding at present and application disease-resistant variety are the prevention most effective approach of sesame droop.It is but related in sesame breeding for disease resistance
, it is necessary to accurately and rapidly identify the resistance of a large amount of selected sesame germplasms materials in research, high resistance to wilt good sesame material is screened,
Lay the foundation for sesame breeding for disease resistance, agri-scientific research person is also in the method for research identification.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test, to solve above-mentioned background
The problem of being proposed in technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1, cultivates sesame droop sick nursery：In sesame main producing region, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage easily husky earth or earth for selection
Soil block, cultivates three types edaphic condition, the i.e. main crop, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years, and 1 year plantation susceptible variety field of continuous cropping is sent out
Sick rate is more than 60%, and when continuously plantation susceptible variety to Field diseases are not less than 90% for many years, second year can be as
Sick nursery uses；
Step 2, fine site preparation is with beginning sowing in good time：Finely level land to sick nursery and control field before sowing, it is thin to reach soil
The broken requirement that can ensure sesame one and broadcast full stand, according to every 4.8 meters of beddings of furrow width, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years, among positive stub land
1 meter of observation road is left, prevents the soil of the different continuous cropping time limits from mixing, influences to carry out ground moisture creating of spreading and sinking in before identification result is broadcast, in 5 months
Ten days is sowed；
Step 3, determines planting density：Using conventional flat planting mode and line-spacing is waited to plant, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 10cm,
The long base area block size adjustment of row, planting density is 26000 plants/acre；
Step 4, strengthens sick nursery field management：Sick nursery leaves 1 meter of observation road between field with compareing, and protects field bacterium amount
Uniformity is held, uses sufficient fertilizer and reasonable top dressing, drought watering in time is met, ensures soil moisture content in natural appraisal sick nursery
65%, positive stub land carries out first time thinning in 1~2 pair of leaf period, and 3~4 pairs of leaf periods carry out final singlings, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years
Plot is without thinning；
Step 5, Disease investigation and classification：With 073 for disease-resistant control, with 174 for susceptible control, droop is investigated with field
Between originate stadium and start, investigation in every 7 days once, is investigated per every plant of cell, calculates incidence % and disease index, severity Scaling
Standard is as follows：0 grade：Complete stool is without symptom, 1 grade：Complete stool blade below 1/3 turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, 2 grades：1/2 blade of complete stool becomes
Huang, crispatura or wilt, and plant is slightly short, 3 grades：3/4 blade of complete stool turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, cane major part browning, and plant is obvious
Become short, 4 grades：Complete stool blade turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, leaf abscission, and cane browning is withered；
Step 6, carries out disease resistance evaluation.
As the further scheme of the present invention：In step 1 the main crop, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years soil in plant respectively
300 parts of materials, unified sowing time, unified field management, unified investigation standard are continuous to plant the morbidity of susceptible variety sesame field
Rate is limited to 2-4 in year not less than 90%.
As the further scheme of the present invention：A length of 6 meters of furrow in step 2, after planting cover the soil layer of 1-3cm.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Planting patterns is drilling in step 3, and each sesame variety plants 2 rows, weight
It is 3 times multiple, a length of 6m of row.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Needed before leveling land in step 2 to natural appraisal sick nursery basal dressing, kind
The step of sesame variety of plantation sense droop is as check variety is further included during plant.
As the further scheme of the present invention：N P and K total mass fraction is 40-50% in base manure, the weight of N P and K it
Than for 1: 0.6-0.7: 1, base manure dosage for 20-30kg per acre.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Initial bloom stage is further included in step 4 according to 5-7kg/667m2Apply N mass point
The step of the step of number is the urea of 42-48%, initial bloom stage to whole florescence further includes pest control and forbids using insecticide.
As the further scheme of the present invention：Susceptible variety in step 1 is the susceptible variety defined in step 5.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention carries out sesame by cultivating the Infected Field of the different continuous cropping time limits
Numb droop disease resistance field test, not only increases the crop field determination rates of sesame fusarium wilt disease resistance, and improves disease-resistant
Property identification accuracy and repeatability, under same-cost and Infected Field area, sesame variety quantity disposably can be evaluated in it
For more than 4-6 times of the prior art, this method can be not only used for the Disease Resistance Identification of sesame variety, be similarly applied to sesame
Anti-blight breeding, accelerates to advance the selection and breeding and popularization and application of disease-resistant variety.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be sesame droop disease resistance field test method in embodiment 1 field planting figure.
Embodiment
The technical solution of this patent is described in more detail with reference to embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, sesame can be infected in the time of infertility by droop, but seedling stage droop Symptoms are more and strain
Phase is different, is specifically shown in the droop rank division method of different times.Sesame seedling stage droop plague grade is divided into 3 grades, symptom
It is described as follows：0 grade：Grow fine no illness, and overground part cauline leaf is normal, and rhizome portion vascular bundle is normal；1 grade：Plant part blade
Wilt, slight contracting of hanging occurs in stem, and bronzing scab occurs in rhizome portion epidermis；2 grades：Blade all turns yellow, is withered, and whole strain is withered
It is listless, there is lodging, death.
The sesame Adult plant droop plague grade criteria for classifying：Adult plant sesame droop Symptoms contract for plant internode
It is short, become short, blade turns yellow withered, root browning from bottom to up, only half of root system browning, and being developed from root to stem sometimes
There is " half of yellow " phenomenon in plant side blade, and bronzing scab when moist on disease stem grows one layer of pink mould layer (bacterium
Filament and conidiospore), capsule is smaller, and seed is not plump thin, easily fries before harvest.Specific grade division is as follows：0 grade：Complete stool without
Disease；1 grade：Complete stool blade below 1/3, which turns yellow, crispaturas or wilts；2 grades：Complete stool 1/3-1/2 blades, which turn yellow, crispaturas or wilts, and plant is omited
It is short；3 grades：Complete stool 1/2-3/4 blades, which turn yellow, crispaturas or wilts, leaf abscission, cane major part browning, and plant substantially becomes short；4
Level：Complete stool blade, which turns yellow, to be crimped or wilts, leaf abscission, and cane browning is withered.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1,300 parts of selected sesame germplasms that plantation Hebei province's germplasm resource bank preserves in Di Shang experiment stations；
Step 2, Infected Field are cultivated：The Disease garden identification plot of the different continuous cropping time limits is cultivated in adjacent plot, is cultivated altogether
Continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years, main crop Three natures sick nursery, centre leaves 1 meter of observation road, prevents the different continuous croppings during site preparation
Time limit soil mixes, and influences test effect；
Step 3, is planted by kind order during sowing, and corresponding plantation in 3 kinds of soil, plants 1 row to each kind respectively.
Row is 6 meters long, and 0.40 meter of line-spacing, 10000 plants/acre of planting density, surrounding sets protection zone；
Step 4, fine site preparation and sowing：Spread and sink in before broadcasting ground moisture creating, it is smooth in small, broken bits, accomplish fertilizer spraying, it is ensured that one broadcasts full stand
(rotation ground 1 time, rake the soil level 1 time), can also ensure the uniformity of soil fertility and field morbidity, and experimental field surrounding sets gutter, ensures sesame
The numb influence from waterlogging disaster；Use sufficient base manure, ensure the normal nutrient supply of sesame material, in favor of experimental field smoothly into
OK, May 10 was planned, sowed within 11st；
Step 5, field management：After insemination and emergence, timely tillage and weeding, water, wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases insect pest, but during fertility not
Growth regulator and diseases prevention class medicine must be applied；
Step 6, the disease-resistant sex investigation of sesame：Emergence carries out incidence, sick level, death rate tune to during maturation week about
Look into, the maturity period carries out droop incidence and occurring degree investigation, calculates disease index；
Step 7, carries out disease resistance evaluation, screens high resistance to wilt good germ plasm resource, material is provided for sesame breeding.
Appreciation gist includes breeding time feature, botanical character and biological characteristics.Breeding time feature includes sowing time, goes out
Seedling stage, emergence good no, squaring period, florescence, whole florescence, maturity period, harvest time and number of growing days；Botanical character need into
Carry out species test when ripe, measure project include plant height, fruit shaft length, empty tip point length, beginning capsule height, branch height, branch amount, into
Stalk color, single plant knot capsule number, every capsule grain number, thousand grain weigth, single plant yield when ripe；Biological characteristics includes upgrowth situation, resistance to
Stain, drought resistance, disease resistance and split capsule.
Table 1 is the application form of backup 2
Table 1
Table 2 is the application form of backup 2.
Table 2
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.Any reference numeral in claim should not be considered as to the involved claim of limitation.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this narrating mode of specification is only that those skilled in the art should for clarity
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It is appreciated that other embodiment.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. method of sesame droop disease resistance field test, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：Step 1, cultivates sesame droop sick nursery：In sesame main producing region, physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage easily husky earth or loam for selection Block, cultivates three types edaphic condition, the i.e. main crop, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years, and continuous cropping plants susceptible variety Field diseases in 1 year More than 60%, when plantation susceptible variety to the Field diseases of continuous cropping 2 years reach 90%, second year can be used as sick nursery；Step 2, fine site preparation is with beginning sowing in good time：To continuous cropping 1 year, the sick nursery of continuous cropping 2 years and the main crop (control field) essence before sowing Carefully level land, according to every 4.8 meters of beddings of furrow width, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years, the observation road that 1 meter is left among positive stub land, prevent The only soil mixing of the different continuous cropping time limits, influences identification result.Ground moisture creating of spreading and sinking in is carried out before sowing, is sowed mid-May；Step 3, determines planting density：Using conventional flat planting mode and line-spacing is waited to plant, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, row length Base area block size adjustment, planting density are 26000 plants/acre；Step 4, strengthens sick nursery field management：Sick nursery leaves 1 meter of observation road between field with compareing, and uses sufficient fertilizer and rationally Top dressing, meets drought watering in time, ensures soil moisture content 65% in natural appraisal sick nursery, and positive stub land carries out the in 1~2 pair of leaf period Thinning, 3~4 pairs of leaf periods carry out final singlings, and 2 years continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping plot are without thinning；Step 5, Disease investigation and classification：It is withered with 174 (stupid sesames) for susceptible control with 073 (eight big wooden forks) for disease-resistant control Disease of withering investigation originates stadium with field and starts, and investigation in every 7 days once, is investigated per every plant of cell, calculates incidence % and the state of an illness Index, severity Scaling standard are as follows：0 grade：Complete stool is without symptom, 1 grade：Complete stool blade below 1/3 turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, 2 grades： 1/2 blade of complete stool turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, and plant is slightly short, 3 grades：3/4 blade of complete stool turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, and cane is most of Browning, plant substantially become short, 4 grades：Complete stool blade turns yellow, crispaturas or wilt, leaf abscission, and cane browning is withered；Step 6, carries out disease resistance evaluation.
- 2. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1 It is middle 300 parts of materials to be identified are corresponded plant respectively in the main crop, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 2 years soil in, continuous plantation sense Sick kind sesame Field diseases are limited to 1-3 in year not less than 90%.
- 3. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 2 Middle a length of 6 meters of furrow, furrow are 4.8 meters wide, the main crop, continuous cropping 1 year, 2 years ground of continuous cropping, 1 meter of block gap, after planting cover the soil layer of 1-3cm.
- 4. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3 Middle planting patterns is drilling, and each sesame variety plants 2 rows, is repeated 3 times, row a length of 6m, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, plantation Density is 26000 plants/acre.
- 5. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 2 In level land before need to natural appraisal sick nursery basal dressing, never using bio-bacterial manure.It is withered that plantation sense is further included during plantation The step of sesame variety of disease is as check variety.
- 6. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in the base manure N P and K total mass fraction is 40-50%, and the weight ratio of N P and K is 1: 0.6-0.7: 1, and base manure dosage is every for 20-30kg Mu.
- 7. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4 In further include initial bloom stage according to 5-7kg/667m2The step of applying the urea that N mass fractions are 42-48%, initial bloom stage to whole flower The step of phase further includes pest control and forbids using insecticide.
- 8. the method for sesame droop disease resistance field test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1 In susceptible variety be the susceptible variety defined in step 5.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109169039A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-11 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | The method for cultivating high-affinity root-knot nematode resistant tomato stock |
| CN110338055A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-10-18 | 扬州大学 | A kind of eggplant anti-blight rapid identification method |
| CN111121629A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Soybean leaf wrinkling field identification method |
| CN115428702A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-12-06 | 天津市农业科学院 | Method for establishing celery wilt resistance identification artificial disease nursery |
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| CN111121629A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Soybean leaf wrinkling field identification method |
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