CN106416675A - Caulis spatholobi artificial breeding method based on seed germination - Google Patents
Caulis spatholobi artificial breeding method based on seed germination Download PDFInfo
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- CN106416675A CN106416675A CN201610795316.3A CN201610795316A CN106416675A CN 106416675 A CN106416675 A CN 106416675A CN 201610795316 A CN201610795316 A CN 201610795316A CN 106416675 A CN106416675 A CN 106416675A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and discloses a caulis spatholobi artificial breeding method based on seed germination. Caulis spatholobi seeds are collected, nutritional bags, matrixes and topdressing fertilizer are utilized for seedling culturing, the optimal period of storage and seeding, a scientific seeding mode and a seeding matrix are determined for the caulis spatholobi seeds, reasonable management is carried out after seedlings are transplanted, in this way, artificial breeding of the caulis spatholobi seeds is achieved, and the seed germination rate reaches 92% or above. Based on the caulis spatholobi seeds, a seedling seed breeding culturing purpose with the high germination rate and a high survival rate is achieved; through reasonable fertilizer topdressing, it is guaranteed that the seedlings grow fast, roots are developed, transplanting is easy, and the highest value of the ground diameter and the highest value of plant height of caulis spatholobi reach 1.55 cm and 374.17 cm respectively two years after planting. The method is easy to operate, accurate in technology and suitable for industrial popularization on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, artificial more particularly, to a kind of reticulate millettia based on seed sprouting
Mating system.
Background technology
The evergreen woody climber of reticulate millettia, no hair, shoot dirty-green, base portion has harbored several pieces of triangular shape perulas.Stem is dark violet green
Color, has canescence hole skin, main root yellowish-brown, cross section mulberry.Leaf papery, oval or ovate-elliptic, long 6～13 lis
Rice, wide 3～6 centimetres, narrow short urgency is sharp or tapering suddenly for tip, base portion wealthy wedge shape or round blunt, full edge or the little tooth of callose having alienation,
7～10, the every side of lateral vein, do after two sides closely homochromy, lower mask close by superfine white gland point.
Reticulate millettia is the rattan that is dried of legume spatholobus suberectus, harvests in season autumn and winter two, branches and leaves of going out, section, enters after drying
Medicine, bitter but slightly sweet taste, warm in nature, Return liver, the heart, kidney channel, color red enter blood, matter profit row dissipate, have replenishing and activating blood, menstruction regulating and pain relieving, relax through work
The effect of network, the waist and knee arthritis caused by rheumatism being treated with compatibilities such as safflower peach kernel, the radix paeoniae rubrathe, earthworm, the Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, the reds sage root
Bitterly, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, extremity numbness, with rhizoma cyperi, motherwort with using, can treat irregular menstruation, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea etc., be domestic multiple
The prescription raw material of famous Chinese patent drug, demand increases year by year.
Reticulate millettia is distributed mainly on the provinces such as Guangxi of China, Guangdong, Yunnan, because wild reticulate millettia becomes a useful person cycle needs
8～10 years, add manually uncontrolled excavation, domestic reticulate millettia natural crude drugs yield can not meet medicinal demand, substantially at present
Rely on state's imports such as Burma, Laos, Vietnam, resource is increasingly deficient, be listed in medicinal material in imminent danger, the cultivation skill of reticulate millettia is carried out in research
Art has become one of necessary ways guaranteeing reticulate millettia herb resource sustainable use.Further, since just seldom seeing reticulate millettia
Often yield positive results, the artificial fast breeding technique acquisition reticulate millettia seedling currently with cutting propagation becomes its plantation industry source of seedling
Main path, but long-term vegetative propagation will lead to decline and the mutation of seedling merit, leads to planting cost to raise
And quality decline.Sprout, using seed, the seedling obtaining and have the advantages that low cost, speed are fast and shape is excellent, but at present still
The correlative study report of the method no to reticulate millettia seed growing and system.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, low cost,
The artificial breeding method of the reticulate millettia seed of good seed can be provided for reticulate millettia industrialized development.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs：
A kind of reticulate millettia artificial breeding method based on seed sprouting is provided, comprises the following steps：
S1. seed collection：When time of the year when autumn changes into winter pod is changed into pitchy from green, win pod, collect seed；
S2. sowing in time：Seed is suitably dry, sow in casting bed in time, suitably water.
The time of described sowing is that The faster the better, keeps the fresh of seed as far as possible.
The present invention is summarized by long-term many experiments, and rational moisture environment scope is the another of the good sprouting of reticulate millettia seed
One key factor.Suitably watering described in step S2 is preferably to water daily 1～2 time, makes the moisture content of casting bed be maintained at 27% left
The right side, temperature be maintained at 5 DEG C about it is ensured that more than 85% germination percentage.
S3. seedling replanting：When seed grows true leaf after sprouting, it is transplanted in nutrient bag and cultivates bag seedling, nutrient bag is placed in seedling
Garden, described nursery is provided with sunshade net, and the shade rate of described sunshade net is 60%～70%；Suitably water, artificial weeding；Described battalion
Growth substrate is loaded in foster bag；
S4. solve net hardening：When bag seedling grows into height for 30～40cm, release sunshade net, temper bag seedling 7～12 days；
S5. land for growing field crops transplanting：Bag seedling carries out land for growing field crops transplanting after hardening；Management of topdressing after transplanting manages with prevention and elimination of disease and pests,
The branches and leaves not doing reticulate millettia seedling are pruned.
Preferably, the growth substrate loading in nutrient bag described in step S3 adopts the topsoil of loam.It is further preferred that
1% calcium superphosphate is added in the topsoil of described loam.If the viscosity of loam is heavier, add appropriate become thoroughly decomposed organic
Fertile.Growth substrate has influence to the sprouting of reticulate millettia seed, and the present invention adopts described growth substrate, is the sprouting of seed
Provide the rational content of organic matter and gas permeability.
Preferably, suitably watering described in step S3 is to water once every 3～5 days.
Preferably, the time tempering bag seedling described in step S4 is 10 days.
Preferably, the density of transplanting is to be spaced 2 meters about between plant.
Preferably, the density of described land for growing field crops transplanting is 22 plants/acre.
The fertilizer of employing of topdressing described in step S5 is thin night soil, urea or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Described azophoska
Hefei combines this area routine techniques according to reticulate millettia growth needs and selects.Preferably, described management of topdressing is to apply for 3～6 months
Fertile 1 time, can wherein first use urea, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer described in first use.Fertilising 2～3 years.Preferably, described nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer adopts great Si Te composite fertilizer, the every plant of 0.25kg that preferably applies fertilizer, and obtains effect of topdressing well, reticulate millettia seedling growing way
Excellent.
Described prevention and elimination of disease and pests management is the thiophanate methyl using 600 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder or 70%
1000 times of liquid pre- preventing disease and pests of spraying of wettable powder；Found withered net 1500 times of liquid of wettable powder or green prosperous No. 1 800 using 50%
Pest and disease damage is administered in the spraying of times liquid.
Preferably, prevention and elimination of disease and pests described in step S5 is to be separated by 7 days sprays once, even spray 3～4 times.
Preferably, step S5 also includes tree body management, the management of described tree body be in reticulate millettia seedling growth course in, in time
In traction main stem, tree is it is ensured that stretch the normal growth of rattan plant.
In the cultivating process of reticulate millettia of the present invention, general tree reticulate millettia seedling carries out branches and leaves pruning, and cultivation seedling leaflet is repaiied
Cut and be excessively easily caused seedling death.If in the area that solar radiation is strong, the inventive method is exactly to remove less than 20%
The leaf of left and right, it is to avoid transpiration is too strong.Both growing up strong and sturdy of seedling can have been ensured, can ensure that timely traction master again
Climing upper tree is it is ensured that stretch the normal growth of rattan plant.
Work according to a weeding behind the reticulate millettia sprigging land for growing field crops that the inventive method is bred, can be carried out within every 3 months.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Of the present invention reticulate millettia seed natural propagation rate is solved based on the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method of seed sprouting
Extremely low problem, by proper treatment it is determined that the best period of reticulate millettia seeds and sowing, have selected optimal sowing
Mode and sowing media, it is achieved thereby that the artificial breeding of reticulate millettia seed, seed germination rate reach survival rate 92% or with
On, after planting 2 years, the ground diameter of reticulate millettia and plant height peak respectively reach 1.55cm and 374.17cm.Kind can significantly be improved
The survival rate of seedling, the seedling of seminal propagation is healthy and strong, strong stress resistance, is protection of resources and regeneration, alleviates production of crude drugs and society
Contradiction between demand provides effective technical solution, has good ecological benefits, economic benefit and social benefit.
Brief description
The germination situation that Fig. 1 sows in casting bed.
Fig. 2 seedling growth situation.
Fig. 3 reticulate millettia seedling growth situation.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention with reference to specific embodiment.Following being for illustration only property of embodiment explanations are it is impossible to manage
Solve as limitation of the present invention.Unless stated otherwise, used in following embodiments, raw material are conventional commercial or commercial sources
The raw material obtaining.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of artificial fecundation method of reticulate millettia seed, and described seed adopts the open country of the applicant's collection
Raw reticulate millettia seed.
Successively multiple organizes expert goes to the ground such as Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi to carry out reticulate millettia Wild ornamental resources storage to the applicant
Amount investigation, more than 20000 kilometer of stroke, elevation is from tens meters to more than 2000 meters.Investigation finds, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan are domestic
There is no extensive reticulate millettia resource, be only sporadicly distributed.In fact-finding process, have collected 12 kilograms of reticulate millettia wild seed.
Reticulate millettia fruiting rate is low, and seed is less.Because reticulate millettia is often wound around tall and big arboreal growth, therefore its seed be often positioned in tall and big
The top of trees, needs to climb up by holding on to just can be acquired to treetop, difficulty is very big.
Table 1 reticulate millettia wild seed representativeness collection point geographic basis
Described comprised the following steps based on the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method of seed sprouting：
S1. seed collection：When time of the year when autumn changes into winter pod is changed into pitchy from green, win pod, collect seed；
S2. sowing in time：Will be suitably dry for the seed collected, sow in casting bed as early as possible in time；Described casting bed preferably 3～
5 cm thicks, rational casting bed thickness provides one of good condition of seed sprouting.
Water daily in Seed Germination 1～2 time, make the moisture content of casting bed be maintained at 27%, temperature is maintained at 5 DEG C.
Germination percentage 85.5%.
S3. seedling replanting：When seed grows true leaf after sprouting, it is transplanted in nutrient bag and cultivates bag seedling, nutrient bag is placed in seedling
Garden, described nursery is provided with sunshade net, and the shade rate of described sunshade net is 60%～70%；Watered once every 3～5 days, manually
Weeding；Growth substrate is loaded in described nutrient bag；
The growth substrate loading in described nutrient bag adopts the topsoil of loam, adds in the topsoil of described loam
1% calcium superphosphate growth substrate has influence to the sprouting of reticulate millettia seed, and described growth substrate is the sprouting of seed
Provide the rational content of organic matter and gas permeability.
S4. solve net hardening：When bag seedling grows into height for 30～40cm, release sunshade net, temper bag seedling 7～12 days.
S5. land for growing field crops transplanting：When bag height of seedling degree is 30～40cm, carry out land for growing field crops transplanting；Transplanting density be plant between
Every 2 meters about.Management of topdressing after transplanting manages with prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
The fertilizer of described employing of topdressing is urea and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Apply fertilizer every half a year 1 time, wherein first use urine
Element, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer described in first use.Fertilising 2～3 years.Described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer adopt great Si Te composite fertilizer, every plant
Preferably apply fertilizer 0.25kg.So collocation fertilising, obtains effect of topdressing well, and reticulate millettia seedling growing way is excellent.
Described prevention and elimination of disease and pests management is the thiophanate methyl using 600 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder or 70%
1000 times of liquid pre- preventing disease and pests of spraying of wettable powder；Found withered net 1500 times of liquid of wettable powder or green prosperous No. 1 800 using 50%
Pest and disease damage is administered in the spraying of times liquid.
The nursery bed management method that the present embodiment adopts is as described below：
1. water, aspect of hoeing up weeds：After sowing and seedling replanting, should water in time, keep ground moistening, be beneficial to seed and sprout
Send out and seedling replanting after rapid restoration ecosystem.Easily growth of weeds in nursery lot, weeding work will be carried out in good time.In nursery lot not
Preferably using herbicide, weeding work needs manual pulling out.
2. fertilising aspect：Meet, for cultivating quality, the healthy seedling that field planting requires, should be topdressed according to growing way situation.Typically
Can use thin night soil to pour to apply or nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer topdress.
3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Seedling Stage can with the thiophanate methyl of 600 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder or 70%
The diseases such as 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention samping off of WP.Once occurring samping off application 50% to found withered net wettable powder
1500 times of liquid or green prosperous No. 1 800 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating, are separated by 7 days sprays once, even spray 3～4 times.
With reference to the inventive method, the outplanting rate of the present embodiment seedling reaches more than 92%.On this basis, the applicant builds
Stand 5 mu of reticulate millettia stock breeding base.
As shown in table 2, the reticulate millettia 8 different planting bases is due to the difference of envirment factor, the chicken of each sample plot
The growth data such as blood rattan ground diameter mean value and plant height mean value also shows certain otherness, and individual difference is substantially, but
Totally grow fine.After plantation 2 years, the ground diameter of reticulate millettia and plant height peak are respectively 1.55cm and 374.17cm.
Table 2 the present embodiment breeds the reticulate millettia ground diameter in different planting bases for the seedling and plant height mean value (plantation 2 years)
Ground diameter value：The brave foster scondary forest ＞ Burma padauk woods ＞ old spatholobus suberectus ground brave foster cyanines ditch woods ＞ Ficus racemosa woods ＞ of ＞ is as bright
Scondary forest ＞ scondary forest ＞ is as bright cyanines ditch woods.
Plant height value：The brave foster cyanines ditch woods ＞ old spatholobus suberectus ground ＞ Ficus racemosa woods ＞ of brave foster scondary forest ＞ Burma padauk woods ＞ is secondary
Woods ＞ is as bright scondary forest ＞ is as bright cyanines ditch woods.
Although the test data on 8 experiment sample ground differs greatly, same elevation different vegetation types plant the life of reticulate millettia
Long speed difference is also larger：Reticulate millettia with the brave foster base of sparse scondary forest and density rational economic forest Burma padauk woods base
Growing way is best, and as the reticulate millettia growing way in bright base and scondary forest base is worst.But overall survival rate is more than 90%, reticulate millettia length
Gesture is good.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of reticulate millettia artificial breeding method based on seed sprouting, and described seed adopts embodiment 1
The seed collected through the reticulate millettia plant after artificial growth 10 years.The method of seed sowing and condition are with embodiment 1.
As shown in table 3, although the plantation of embodiment corresponding 8 planting bases reticulate millettia individual difference because of envirment factor
Have differences, but totally grow fine.After plantation 2 years, the ground diameter of reticulate millettia and plant height peak be respectively 1.45cm and
324.25cm.
Table 3 the present embodiment breeds the reticulate millettia ground diameter in different planting bases for the seedling and plant height mean value (plantation 2 years)
The seed collected after reticulate millettia maturation through artificial breeding can be stable hereditary, realizes higher kind shoot survival percent, plants
The seedling of son breeding is healthy and strong, strong stress resistance, is protection of resources and regeneration, the contradiction alleviating between production of crude drugs and social demand
Effective technical solution is provided, there is good ecological benefits, economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reticulate millettia artificial breeding method based on seed sprouting is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1. seed collection：When time of the year when autumn changes into winter pod is changed into pitchy from green, win pod, collect seed；
S2. sowing in time：Seed is suitably dry, sow in casting bed in time, suitably water；
S3. seedling replanting：When seed grows true leaf after sprouting, it is transplanted in nutrient bag and cultivates bag seedling, nutrient bag is placed in nursery, institute
State nursery and be provided with sunshade net, the shade rate of described sunshade net is 60%～70%；Suitably water, artificial weeding；In described nutrient bag
Load growth substrate；
S4. solve net hardening：When bag seedling grows into height for 30～40cm, release sunshade net, temper bag seedling 7～12 days；
S5. land for growing field crops transplanting：Bag seedling carries out land for growing field crops transplanting after hardening；Management of topdressing after transplanting manages with prevention and elimination of disease and pests, does not do
Branches and leaves are pruned.
2. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S2 institute
Stating suitably waters is to water daily 1～2 time, makes the moisture content of casting bed be maintained at 27%, temperature is maintained at 5 DEG C.
3. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S3 institute
The growth substrate stating nutrient bag is topsoil using loam.
4. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that step S3 institute
The growth substrate stating nutrient bag is also added into 1% calcium superphosphate.
5. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that step S3 institute
The growth substrate stating nutrient bag is also added with the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
6. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S3 institute
Stating suitably waters is to water once for 3～5 days.
7. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step S4
The described time tempering bag seedling is 10 days.
8. the mating system of reticulate millettia seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that employing of topdressing described in step S5
Fertilizer is thin night soil, urea or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Apply fertilizer 1 time within preferably 3～6 months, can wherein first use urea,
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer described in first use.
9. the mating system of reticulate millettia seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that prevention and elimination of disease and pests described in step S5
It is to be separated by 7 days sprays once, even spray 3～4 times；Preferably employ 600 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder or 70% methyl support
1000 times of liquid pre- preventing disease and pests of spraying of cloth Tianjin wettable powder；Found withered net 1500 times of liquid of wettable powder or green prosperous No. 1 using 50%
Pest and disease damage is administered in 800 times of liquid sprayings.
10. the reticulate millettia artificial breeding method being sprouted based on seed according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S5 institute
The density stating transplanting is to be spaced 2 meters between plant.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112021090A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-04 | 临沧道地中药材种植科技有限公司 | Under-forest planting method of Yunnan caulis spatholobi |
| CN113367038A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seed breeding method of spatholobus suberectus |
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| CN101773047A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN105009909A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-04 | 区燕丽 | Caulis spatholobi planting method |
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| CN101773047A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN105009909A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-04 | 区燕丽 | Caulis spatholobi planting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112021090A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-04 | 临沧道地中药材种植科技有限公司 | Under-forest planting method of Yunnan caulis spatholobi |
| CN113367038A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seed breeding method of spatholobus suberectus |
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