CN109511484A - The cultural method of flax and its application in flax production - Google Patents
The cultural method of flax and its application in flax production Download PDFInfo
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- CN109511484A CN109511484A CN201910011772.8A CN201910011772A CN109511484A CN 109511484 A CN109511484 A CN 109511484A CN 201910011772 A CN201910011772 A CN 201910011772A CN 109511484 A CN109511484 A CN 109511484A
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- flax
- seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Application the invention discloses the cultural method of flax and its in flax production.The cultural method of flax disclosed by the invention, comprising: by pouring water for the diseases prevention of flex seed dressing seed and different times, meet Flax Growth demand, realize High Yield of Flax；In cultivation, by detecting soil moisture content, irrigate makes the water content of flax seedling stage soil greater than 21%；Seedling stage is 30 days or so after flax emergence, and plant strain growth is slow, is in pine tree type；By detecting soil moisture content, irrigate makes the water content of flax fast growing period soil greater than 50%；Fast growing period is stage after flax seedling stage, and plant shows as plant head-bent, 3-6 centimetres of every Day-night growth.It is demonstrated experimentally that flax yield can be made to increase considerably using method of the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in field of agricultural cultivation, the cultural method of flax and its application in flax production.
Background technique
China's flax yield has a certain distance compared with 6-8 tons of advanced international standard in 4-6 tons/hectare.Except weather original
Because outer, cultural method is main influence factor.Conventional flax planting mode often results in disease since pest control method is improper
Harmful generation, influences survival rate of seedlings.Arid is to influence a principal element of flax yield, common planting patterns, often because of arid
Lead to regrowth hair seedling, flax fast growing period is rainless, and plant is short, and flat astrocyte is low.Unreasonable fertilising often results in flax lodging.By
In the defect of cultural method, China's flax raw material industry development is caused to fall behind, therefore being badly in need of one kind can be improved flax yield at present
Flax cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to how carry out flax cultivation and how to improve flax yield.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention firstly provides flax cultivation methods, which comprises by flax kind
Son after planting, obtains flaxp lants；It carries out irrigating during Flax Growth and meets Flax Growth demand, realize the high yield of flax
Cultivation；
In the cultivation, by detection soil moisture content and irrigating makes flax in the water content of fast growing period soil
More than or equal to 50%；
After the fast growing period is in flax seedling stage, plant shows as plant head-bent.The fast-growth
3-6 centimetres of phase flax every Day-night growth.
The fast growing period number of days is 10-15 days.
The soil is corn stubble, soybean stubble, arrish or potato stubble soil.The soybean stubble soil does not apply general apply
Special herbicide.The corn stubble does not apply Atrazine herbicide or metribuzin herbicide.
The soil also meets following condition: plot planning is neat；Land leveling；Farming topsoil is loose, and upper Panasonic is real, no
It is hardened；Soil is fine crushing, without big a clod of earth；It is clean in ground, without crop root residue；Soil moisture conservation is good, and soil moisture content is consistent.
The flex seed meets following condition: purity is high, free from admixture, full, germination percentage is high (being not less than 85%), cleaning
Rate is not less than 96%.
The method can further include: by detection soil moisture content and irrigate make flax seedling stage soil water content be greater than etc.
In 21%；
The seedling stage is 30 days after flax emerges to flax emergence, and flaxp lants slow growth is in pine tree type.
The irrigation can be used sprinkling irrigation and carry out.
The method, which may also include, prior to seeding dresses seed to the flex seed, and the seed dressing includes: described in detection
Species of Pathogens entrained by flex seed, the drug that the pathogen is killed in selection dress seed to the flex seed.
Pathogen entrained by the detection flex seed can include: train the flex seed in the medium
It supports, the pathogen that then separation identification is grown determines Species of Pathogens entrained by the flex seed.
The drug that the pathogen is killed in the selection dresses seed to the flex seed.
In one embodiment of the invention, it identifies flex seed to be sowed and carries sickle-like bacteria Fusarium and hair
Cup fungi Colletotrichum, using 50% thiram, 70% anthrax good fortune beauty, 70% carbendazim and/or 50% Mancozeb into
Row seed dressing.Medication amount used in the seed dressing is the 0.3-0.4% of seed weight.
The method may also include applies fertilizer in the course of cultivation.
The fertilising can include: per hectare applies 100 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
The fertilising can be prior to seeding by deep application of fertilizer in the soil of 8cm depth.
The application rate of the flex seed can be 8 kilograms per acre.
The method may also include the step of weeding and/or deinsectization.
The present invention also provides flax cultivation methods, which comprises it is planted according to the flax cultivation method,
Former stem and/or seed are harvested, that is, realizes the cultivation of flax.
Described maturity period flax can meet following three condition: 1, the numb peach of Ma Tianyou 1/3 becomes yellowish-brown；2, straw has
1/3 becomes yellow；3, there is 1/3 leaf abscission on straw.
The fiber crops field is the plot of linum usitatissimum.The straw refers to the stalk of flax.
In the present invention, the soil moisture content refers to: the soil moisture content of near surface formation (0-30cm), soil moisture content are
Refer to the percentage of soil water weight and dry ground weight.Dry ground, which refers to, obtains soil in 105 DEG C of drying in oven to constant weight
Soil.
In one embodiment of the invention, flax used is black sub- No. 20.
Flax cultivation method of the invention improves technical guarantee for flax production, improve flax disease resistance ability,
Lodging resistance is sprayed by seedling stage and fast growing period, meets demand of the Flax Growth to moisture, full by the rational application of fertilizer
While sufficient flax is to nutrient demand, lodging tolerance is improved.Using flax cultivation method of the invention, flax straw can be made
It is increased considerably with seed production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that pathogenicbacteria separation method separates seed pathogen flow chart.
Fig. 2 is colonial morphology (left figure) and spore shape (right figure) of the sickle-like bacteria Fusarium on PDA.
Fig. 3 is colonial morphology (left figure) and spore shape (right figure) of the hair disc bacterium Colletotrichum on PDA.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described in detail With reference to embodiment, and the embodiment provided is only for explaining
The bright present invention, the range being not intended to be limiting of the invention.Experimental method in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified
Conventional method.Material as used in the following examples, reagent, instrument etc., are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Quantitative test in following embodiment, is respectively provided with three repeated experiments, and results are averaged.
Black sub- No. 20 in following embodiments be recorded in document (yellow text function etc., black sub- 20 breeding of fiber flax new varieties,
Exploitation of Agriculture in Heilongjiang science, 2010 (12): 172) public can obtain the biomaterial from applicant, which is only repetition
Used in related experiment of the invention, it not can be used as other purposes and use.
Embodiment 1, flax cultivation
One, flax cultivation
1, breeding is selected
It selects excellent variety to be the internal factor of flax high yield, while to consider edaphic condition, accomplish adaptation to local conditions, rationally
It arranges in pairs or groups, Flax Varietieies used in the present embodiment are black sub- No. 20.
2, selection of land, select stubble, crop rotation
Selection of land: the soil that plantation flax should select topography flat.
Select stubble: preferred corn soybean stubble, followed by wheat, potato stubble etc..Make the weeding used before being also noted that simultaneously
Agent, soybean have such as used containing " Pu Shite " herbicide, rear to make that flax is planted in two years；Corn has such as been used containing " Aunar
The herbicide of drawing saliva " or " metribuzin ", it is rear to make that flax is planted.
Crop rotation: kind flax is unable to continuous cropping, meets stubble (every 1 year), and sprout term disease and dead seedling otherwise easily occurs, causes the underproduction.
3, it is whole well, keep moisture in the soil, seedling is saved in primary sowing from damage
Carry out site preparation according to following standard: plot planning is neat；Land leveling；Farming topsoil is loose, and upper Panasonic is real, not plate
Knot；Soil is fine crushing, without big a clod of earth；It is clean in ground, without crop root residue；Soil moisture conservation is good, and soil moisture content is consistent.
4, seeding quality is improved, effective strain number is increased.
Prepare the seed for meeting following standard: purity is high, free from admixture, full, germination percentage is high, and germination percentage is not less than 85%,
Clean rate is not less than 96%.Flex seed after selected, which must reach, thoroughly removes various grass-seeds and quarantine disease.
Seed treatment: seed pathogen separation method separation detection seed pathogen is used, according to entrained pathogen
Type selects dressing seed, and steps are as follows:
4.1 separate seed pathogen using pathogenicbacteria separation method
Flex seed every batch of is taken 100, seed at random, is placed in PDA culture medium, 10, every ware, 10 ware every time.25
It is cultivated 4 days under the conditions of DEG C, is separated, purified, microscopy is repeated 3 times.According to microscopy mycelia color, form, branch, spore shape
Situations such as shape, spore separate control bacterium colony map judges the pathogen that flex seed carries, and is determined and is dressed seed according to pathogen situation
Medicament.Process is as shown in Figure 1.
4.2 dressing seed
Medicament is uniformly sprayed on seed, is dressed seed, and after sunning 2 hours, seed dressing terminates to obtain the final product to the seed handled well.
For carrying the seed of sickle-like bacteria Fusarium, 50% thiram or 70% anthrax good fortune beauty are mixed；For carrying hair disc bacterium
The seed of Colletotrichum mixes 70% carbendazim or 50% Mancozeb.Pharmaceutical quantities needed for dressing seed are seed weight
0.3-0.4%.
4.3 sowing
It was sowed the 25-5 month in April 5, the seed that sowing step 4.2 is handled well, application rate is 8,000 grams/acre.
5, the rational application of fertilizer
The fertilizing method in all experimental plots is as follows in the present embodiment: per hectare applies 100 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 50
Kilogram.It is deep before broadcasting to apply in 8cm soil.
6, reasonable water-saving spray
In flax seedling stage, (seedling stage 30 days or so, flaxp lants slow growth, was in pine tree shape at this time.) and fast growing period
(general 10-15 days, Flax Growth speed is fast, head-bent) detection soil moisture contents, for experimental plot 1 and 3, if seedling stage is native
Earth water content is lower than 21%, and fast growing period soil moisture content is lower than 50%, should spray in time, and primary sprinkling irrigation reaches 20 millis
Rice.
7, it strengthens management weeding, insect prevention.
Weeding is carried out using artificial weeding and chemical weed control combination.
Artificial weeding: artificial weeding is the indispensable link of comprehensive weed eradication, at 10 centimetres of flax height of seedling or so, in time into
Row artificial weeding is such as easy for the phenomenon that causing grass to take advantage of seedling not in time.
Chemical weed control: it is flutterred using taking only with dimethyl tetrachloride compound prescription, mu is with 20% by flutterring net 85ml and 40% diformazan four
Chlorine 50g, is watered 15-20kg, if weeds type is more, can add 250ml Bentazon.20-25 days after flax emergence, flax plant height
15cm or so, whens 3 true leaves of weeds, spray.
Deinsectization: in flax growing process, seedling stage and green ripe stage moment pay attention to insect pest, such as find loxostege sticticalis or armyworm danger
Evil should spray 1000-1500 times of liquid such as decis in time and carry out chemical control, nip in the bud before enabling 2-3.It does
To control morning, control it is small, control.
8, it harvests in due course
Flax technical maturity harvest is the key that guarantee flat astrocyte height, quality is good, fibre percentage is high, so, to master
The feature of quasi- flax technical maturity accomplishes that period harvests.The feature of flax technical maturity: first is that there is 1/3 numb peach in numb field
Become yellowish-brown；Second is that straw has 1/3 flavescence color；Third is that there is 1/3 leaf abscission on straw.
Mechanical harvest: using towed joint flax-picking machine, and 1.5 meters of working width, flax pulling threshing is completed at the same time, and it is whole to put paving
Together, thickness uniformity.It for the operation quality for guaranteeing flax-picking machine, improves efficiency, to stress to do a good job of it one in terms of planting technology and want
Numb field weed is utterly destroyed, two will prevent from lodging, and three will concentrate contiguous plant.
The seed taken off will be accomplished to avoid rain to pour with threshing, sunning, with storage, get mildewed in warm conditions, go rotten, lose germinating capacity.
Two, flax cultivation dressing seed is tested
According to black sub- No. 20 of the method plantation of 1-5 in step 1 and 7-8, benefit after Isolation and identification of pathogen is used in the test
70% carbendazim is mixed and stirred with 50% thiram to be dressed seed and (be denoted as experimental group), and will using anthrax good fortune U.S. dressing seed as pair
According to (being denoted as control group), entire growth period does not pour water.As a result it identifies flex seed to be sowed and carries sickle-like bacteria Fusarium
With hair disc bacterium Colletotrichum (Fig. 2 and 3).
In the maturity period, former stem and seed sampling are surveyed and are produced, and samples taken is weighed in 105 DEG C of drying in oven to constant weight.
As a result (table 1) is shown, the survival rate of seedlings of experimental group can be improved 16.67%, and flat astrocyte can be improved 9.5%, and seed production can
To improve 23.8%.Show that guarantor can be greatly improved by be separated and identified targetedly dress seed to flex seed
The yield of seedling rate and flax.
Table 1
Three, flax water filling test
According to black sub- No. 20 of the method plantation of 1-8 in step 1, the separation of pathogen is not carried out in step 4 and for disease
Opportunistic pathogen is dressed seed, only with anthrax good fortune U.S. dressing seed.Step 6 is carried out according to following 4 processing:
Processing 1: seedling stage pours water, i.e., detects soil moisture content in seedling stage, when soil moisture content is lower than 21% in seedling stage, in time
Sprinkling irrigation, other growth periods are not poured water；
Processing 2: fast growing period is poured water, i.e., detects soil moisture content in fast growing period, contain in fast growing period soil
It when water is lower than 50%, sprays in time, other growth periods are not poured water；
Processing 3: seedling stage and fast growing period are poured water, i.e., soil moisture content are detected with fast growing period in seedling stage, in seedling
Phase soil moisture content is sprayed in time lower than 21% and when fast growing period soil moisture content is lower than 50%, other growth periods
It does not pour water；
Processing 4: entire growth period does not pour water.
Test setting repeats three times.Each processing is poured water 1 time, and pour water 20mm every time, and 10 square metres of plot area.Former stem and
Seed sampling, which is surveyed, to be produced, and samples taken is weighed in 105 DEG C of drying in oven to constant weight.
As a result (table 2) is shown, is poured water in seedling stage with the in due course of fast growing period, can be improved 34% with flat astrocyte, can be made
Seed production improves 25.2%.
Table 2
| Serial number | Processing | Flat astrocyte (ton/hectare) | Increase production (%) | Seed production (kilogram/hectare) | Increase production (%) |
| 1 | Processing 1 | 5.2 | 10.6 | 502.3 | 10.6 |
| 2 | Processing 2 | 5.6 | 19.1 | 523.4 | 15.3 |
| 3 | Processing 3 | 6.3 | 34 | 568.5 | 25.2 |
| 4 | Processing 4 | 4.7 | 453.8 |
Claims (10)
1. flax cultivation method, comprising: after planting by flex seed, obtain flaxp lants；It is filled during Flax Growth
It irrigates and meets Flax Growth demand, realize the high-yield culturing of flax；
In the cultivation, by detection soil moisture content and irrigating is greater than flax in the water content of fast growing period soil
Equal to 50%；
After the fast growing period is in flax seedling stage, plant shows as plant head-bent.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the method also includes: by detection soil moisture content and
Irrigating makes the water content of flax seedling stage soil be more than or equal to 21%；
The seedling stage is 30 days after flax emerges to flax emergence, and flaxp lants slow growth is in pine tree type.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the method also includes prior to seeding to described flax
Seed is dressed seed, and the seed dressing includes: pathogen entrained by the detection flex seed, and the medicine of the pathogen is killed in selection
Object dresses seed to the flex seed.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: cause of disease bacterium bag entrained by the detection flex seed
It includes: the flex seed is cultivated in the medium, the pathogen that then separation identification is grown determines the flex seed
Entrained Species of Pathogens.
5. the method according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that: the selection kills the drug of the pathogen to institute
Stating flex seed and carrying out seed dressing includes that the drug is sprayed on the flex seed.
6. any method in -5 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the method also includes right during the cultivation process
Flax is applied fertilizer.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by: the fertilising includes: that per hectare applies 100 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
And 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
8. any method in -7 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the application rate of the flex seed is per acre 8
Kilogram.
9. flax production method, comprising: carry out the cultivation of flax according to method described in any one of claims 1-8, harvest is former
Stem and/or seed, i.e. realization flax cultivation.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized by: described maturity period flax meets following three condition: 1, numb
Field has 1/3 numb peach to become yellowish-brown；2, straw has 1/3 to become yellow；3, there is 1/3 leaf abscission on straw.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111670763A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-09-18 | 内蒙古师范大学 | Flax planting technology for beating hemp oil |
| CN114982561A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-02 | 锡林郭勒盟旺牧科技发展有限公司 | Method for recovering mine by utilizing wild flax and wild flax harvesting method |
| RU2809953C1 (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-12-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина" | Method of growing oil flax |
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| CN111670763A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-09-18 | 内蒙古师范大学 | Flax planting technology for beating hemp oil |
| CN114982561A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-02 | 锡林郭勒盟旺牧科技发展有限公司 | Method for recovering mine by utilizing wild flax and wild flax harvesting method |
| CN114982561B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2024-01-23 | 锡林郭勒盟旺牧科技发展有限公司 | Method for recovering mine by using wild flax and wild flax harvesting method |
| RU2809953C1 (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-12-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина" | Method of growing oil flax |
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