CN102119618A - Soybean production wholly mechanized matched cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a soybean production wholly mechanized matched cultivation method by organically combining an agricultural machine measure and an agronomic measure. The soybean production wholly mechanized matched cultivation method comprises the following steps of: fine soil preparation, seed treatment, precision sowing, mechanical compaction, mechanical medicament weeding and mechanical harvesting, wherein a rational arable layer is provided for soybean production and a suitable soil environment is created through deep tillage; through the treatment of a plasma seed treater, the germination rate and the germination energy of soybean seeds are improved, and seed activity is improved so as to lay the foundation for obtaining full stand of seedlings by one-time sowing. By the soybean production wholly mechanized matched cultivation method, timely sowing is ensured, and high-quality seeds are saved; weeds are effectively controlled, working procedures are reduced, and working hours are saved; and harvesting is in time, and by the agronomic measure, the loss rate of soybean harvesting is reduced, and labor intensity is reduced.

Description

A kind of soybean produces the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of soybean planting method, the soybean that more specifically say so a kind of agricultural machinery measure and agronomic measures organically combine produces the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching.

Background technology

Soybean is valuable agricultural resources.Contain 40% protein, 30-33% carbohydrate and 20% fat in the seed approximately, and contain several mineral materials and vitamin.The soybean root growth has the nitrogen in the rhizobium energy fixed air, and the cultivated soybean has Special Significance.

The nutritive value of soybean is very high.But 2055 kilocalories of soybean quantities of heat production per jin are than Duoing 245 kilocalories with the millet quantity of heat production of amount, than Duoing 275 kilocalories with the wheat flour quantity of heat production of amount, than Duoing 310 kilocalories with the rice quantity of heat production of amount.Calcium constituent contained in the soybean exceeds 12 times than wheat, and P elements is higher 2 times than wheat, and ferro element is higher 2.6 times than wheat.These elements are to guarantee normal nerve conduction of human body and muscles activity, and bone formation and carbohydrate metabolism institute are indispensable.Soybean can replace meat, only contains lipidol, does not have cholesterol, can prevent vascular sclerosis.

Soybean is again good feed.Soya-bean cake behind the soybean extract oil contains protein 42.7-45.3%, fat 2.1-7.2%, carbohydrate 22.4-29%, cellulose 4.8-5.8%.With the soya-bean cake pig of feeding, growth is fast, feeds chicken, the laying rate height.

China present soybean planting aspect, the main small-scale independent management that also rests on based on peasant household, its output, quality, cost have tangible gap compared with developed countries, especially the mechanization level of soybean planting is lower, part link such as soybean planting, spray insecticide, gather in the crops also mainly based on manually, labour intensity is big, and efficient is low, and input-output ratio is low; The mechanized that realized on the part link that has is planted soybean, but still need be manually to realize thinning for assisting, weeding and artificial anti-careless diseases prevention are especially on the soybean harvest link, use the hand harvest soybean, be difficult to avoid receive unclean because apart from ground during very near branch (beans ear) hand harvest be difficult to receive clean, moreover, the hand harvest soybean not only easily makes people's fatigue, harvesting is slow, and the time is long, and misses best harvest time.So soybean pod very easily bursts grain, causes damage.In addition, to obtain optimal production and quality and cost is lowered be the final purpose of plantation to soybean planting.Output height, quality better, nature can obtain high benefit.And soybean yields, quality are relevant with multiple factor, soybean planting can not continuous cropping, meet stubble, otherwise plantation continuously, because nutritional deficiency seriously can make the soybean underproduction, need plantation in 2 years at interval, soybean only grows under the deep soil condition of topsoil, just can make well developed root system, to absorb moisture and nutrition in the deep soil.80% of soybean root is to concentrate in 5-20 cm layer of soil, and 10% is distributed in 20-30 cm layer of soil.The main root embedded depth of soybean root system is at 60-80 centimetres, and dark person can reach 100 centimetres, and lateral root stretches to all round the horizon, reach 40-50 centimetres after growth downward vertically again, the degree of depth also can reach 100 centimetres, the total length of individual plant soybean root system can reach 680 meters.Root flourishing in time supply nutrition and moisture, root, stem, leaf normal growth could fully absorb sunlight, carry out photosynthesis.And present kind method for planting all can't allow soybean root system physically well develop.

High yield of soybean is also relevant with several factors, as kind, leaf, plant type, breeding time, nutrient water, temperature, illumination etc.Wherein, determine leaf, plant type, breeding time by breediness, but but the people for a change it, as the processing of soya seeds with begin sowing in good time, can promote early to germinate, emerge in advance, just can prolong breeding time.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of soybean planting entire mechanization, save manpower, soil subsoiling is ploughed deeply, make root flourishing in time supply nutrition and moisture; Seed is handled, promoted that seed early germinates, prolong breeding time, produce the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching to realize the soybean that soybean yield-increasing increases income.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

This soybean produces the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching and may further comprise the steps:

⑴ meticulous whole ground: use big machinery that soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth reaches more than 30 centimetres, is as the criterion to break tillage pan, turns over the back grading, and button is turned up soil evenly tight; Use multi-functional soil preparation machine once to finish rotary tillage, ridging, suppression; It is in small, broken bits that rotary tillage will reach topsoil soils, grading, and the degree of depth is at 16-20 centimetres; Bottom width 60cm in ridge behind the ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, wide 30 cm on the ridge; Suppression makes the ridge platform little real, smooth;

⑵ seed treatment:

Seed selection: seed purity 〉=98%, cleanliness 〉=98%, germination rate 〉=95%, moisture content≤12%;

Handle: first plasma treatment: broadcasting preceding 5-12 days, using plasma seed processing machine, handling 1.0 grades of intensity, handling 1 time seed effect 0.45 second; Carry out medicine seed dressing, vexed kind again: broadcasting preceding 1-2 days, use of insecticide carries out medicine seed dressing and vexed kind, and the weight ratio of insecticide and seed is 1:50, the back sowing of drying in the shade.

⑶ precision drilling:

Type of seeding: use the equidistant program request of soybean planting machine, simple grain is sowed;

Sowing time: daily mean temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in 8-10 centimetres of topsoils of soil, during soil moisture content 20%-22%, sows in good time, and be mid-May sowing time;

Planting density: the ratio strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted in the sowing strain increases by 10-15%, and per hectare is with kinds 40-50 kilograms;

Seeding quality: guarantee simple grain rate 〉=90%, hole rate≤3%, mechanical damage rate≤1%.Sowing depth is 2-3 centimetres behind the suppression of soil;

Deep placement base fertilizer: sowing is fertilising simultaneously, and 8-10 centimeters are down planted 5-8 centimetres of kind of sides in the position.

⑷ machinery suppression: when after planting 1 centimetre of left and right trunk soil layer appears in table soil, wear the V-type packer with tractor with small four wheels and suppress once and get final product.

⑸ machinery medicament weed eradication: wear spray boom formula spraying machine with tractor with small four wheels and adopt the soybean herbicides special, carry out the sealing of soil medicament before after broadcasting, emerging and handle, before rain or in the rain, carry out, per hectare weed killer herbicide 150-200 liter.

⑹ mechanical harvest: the beans phyllopodium originally falls light after the soybean maturation, and the beans hardening when with hand moving plant beanpod sound being arranged, is used combined harvester harvesting, once finish cut down, conveying, threshing, pack, stalk collection pile operation.

This method optimization procedure is:

⑴ meticulous whole ground: use more than 80 horsepowers large sized tractor to wear two-way pivot plow soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth reaches more than 30 centimetres, is as the criterion to break tillage pan, turns over the back grading, and button is turned up soil evenly tight; Use large sized tractor to wear multi-functional soil preparation machine and once finish rotary tillage, ridging, suppression; It is in small, broken bits that rotary tillage will reach topsoil soils, grading, and the degree of depth is at 17-19 centimetres; Bottom width 60cm in ridge behind the ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, wide 30 cm on the ridge; Suppression makes the ridge platform little real, smooth;

⑵ seed treatment:

Seed selection: seed purity 〉=98%, cleanliness 〉=98%, germination rate 〉=95%, moisture content≤12%;

Handle: first plasma treatment: broadcasting preceding 6-11 days, using plasma seed processing machine, handling 1.0 grades of intensity, handling 1 time seed effect 0.45 second; Carry out medicine seed dressing, vexed kind again: broadcasting preceding 1-2 days, use of insecticide carries out medicine seed dressing and vexed kind, and the weight ratio of insecticide and seed is 1:50, the back sowing of drying in the shade.

⑶ precision drilling:

Type of seeding: use the equidistant program request of soybean planting machine, simple grain is sowed, and uses " cripple's seedling " or " single file seedling " sowing.

Sowing time: daily mean temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in 8-10 centimetres of topsoils of soil, during soil moisture content 20%-22%, sows in good time, and be mid-May sowing time;

Planting density: the ratio strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted in the sowing strain increases by 13%.Per hectare is with planting 45 kilograms;

Seeding quality: guarantee simple grain rate 〉=90%, hole rate≤3%, mechanical damage rate≤1%.Sowing depth is 2-3 centimetres behind the suppression of soil;

Deep placement base fertilizer: sowing is fertilising simultaneously, and 9 centimeters are down planted 6 centimetres of kind of sides in the position, and fertilizing amount is 400 kilograms/hectare.

⑷ machinery suppression: when 1 centimetre of left and right trunk soil layer appears in table soil behind seeding and fertilizing, wear the V-type packer with tractor with small four wheels and suppress once and get final product.

⑸ machinery medicament weed eradication: wear spray boom formula spraying machine with tractor with small four wheels and adopt the soybean herbicides special, atomize, spray evenly, the discharge rate error is less than 5%, carry out the sealing of soil medicament before after broadcasting, emerging and handle, before rain or in the rain, carry out, per hectare weed killer herbicide 150-200 liter.

⑹ mechanical harvest: the beans phyllopodium originally falls light after the soybean maturation, and the beans hardening when with hand moving plant beanpod sound being arranged, is used combined harvester harvesting, once finish cut down, conveying, threshing, pack, stalk collection pile operation.

Owing to adopt said method, this kind method for planting had the following advantages:

A. plough deeply to soybeans they grow provides desirable topsoil, created suitable soil environment;

B. by the processing of plasma seed processing machine, improved the germination rate and the germination vigor of soya seeds, improved seed activity, taken full stand to lay a good foundation for once sowing.Assurance is begun sowing in good time, and saves breeding;

C. effectively control weeds, reduced working procedure, saved man-hour;

D. results are in time added the measure on the agronomy, have reduced the soybean harvest percent of loss, have alleviated labour intensity.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 adopts the schematic diagram of " cripple's seedling " planting patterns for the present invention.

Fig. 2 adopts the schematic diagram of " single file seedling " planting patterns for the present invention.

Embodiment

This soybean produces the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching and may further comprise the steps:

⑴ meticulous whole ground: use more than 80 horsepowers large sized tractor to wear two-way pivot plow soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth reaches more than 30 centimetres, is as the criterion to break tillage pan, turns over the back grading, and button is turned up soil evenly tight; Use more than 65 horsepowers tractor to wear multi-functional soil preparation machine and once finish rotary tillage, ridging, suppression; It is in small, broken bits that rotary tillage will reach topsoil soils, grading, and the degree of depth is at 16-20 centimetres; Bottom width 60cm in ridge behind the ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, wide 30 cm on the ridge; Suppression makes the ridge platform little real, smooth.

⑵ seed treatment:

Seed selection: seed purity 〉=98%, cleanliness 〉=98%, germination rate 〉=95%, moisture content≤12%;

Handle: first plasma treatment: broadcasting preceding 5-12 days, using plasma seed processing machine, handling 1.0 grades of intensity, handling 1 time seed effect 0.45 second; Carry out medicine seed dressing, vexed kind again: broadcasting preceding 1-2 days, use of insecticide carries out medicine seed dressing and vexed kind, and the weight ratio of insecticide and seed is 1:50, the back sowing of drying in the shade.

⑶ precision drilling:

Type of seeding: use the equidistant program request of soybean planting machine, simple grain is sowed;

Sowing time: daily mean temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in 8-10 centimetres of topsoils of soil, during soil moisture content 20%-22%, sows in good time, and be mid-May sowing time;

Planting density: the ratio strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted in the sowing strain increases by 10-15%, and per hectare is with kinds 40-50 kilograms;

Seeding quality: guarantee simple grain rate 〉=90%, hole rate≤3%, mechanical damage rate≤1%.Sowing depth is 2-3 centimetres behind the suppression of soil;

Deep placement base fertilizer: sowing is fertilising simultaneously, and 8-10 centimeters are down planted 5-8 centimetres of kind of sides in the position.

⑷ machinery suppression: when after planting 1 centimetre of left and right trunk soil layer appears in table soil, wear the V-type packer with tractor with small four wheels and suppress once and get final product.

⑸ machinery medicament weed eradication: wear spray boom formula spraying machine with tractor with small four wheels and adopt the soybean herbicides special, carry out the sealing of soil medicament before after broadcasting, emerging and handle, before rain or in the rain, carry out, per hectare weed killer herbicide 150-200 liter.

⑹ mechanical harvest: the beans phyllopodium originally falls light after the soybean maturation, and the beans hardening when with hand moving plant beanpod sound being arranged, is used combined harvester harvesting, once finish cut down, conveying, threshing, pack, stalk collection pile operation.

This method optimization procedure is

⑴ meticulous whole ground: use more than 80 horsepowers large sized tractor to wear two-way pivot plow soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth reaches more than 30 centimetres, is as the criterion to break tillage pan, turns over the back grading, and button is turned up soil evenly tight; Use large sized tractor to wear multi-functional soil preparation machine and once finish rotary tillage, ridging, suppression; It is in small, broken bits that rotary tillage will reach topsoil soils, grading, and the degree of depth is at 17-19 centimetres; Bottom width 60cm in ridge behind the ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, wide 30 cm on the ridge; Suppression makes the ridge platform little real, smooth;

⑵ seed treatment:

Seed selection: seed purity 〉=98%, cleanliness 〉=98%, germination rate 〉=95%, moisture content≤12%;

Handle: first plasma treatment: broadcasting preceding 6-11 days, using plasma seed processing machine, handling 1.0 grades of intensity, handling 1 time seed effect 0.45 second; Carry out medicine seed dressing, vexed kind again: broadcasting preceding 1-2 days, use of insecticide carries out medicine seed dressing and vexed kind, and the weight ratio of insecticide and seed is 1:50, the back sowing of drying in the shade.

⑶ precision drilling:

Type of seeding: use the equidistant program request of soybean planting machine, simple grain is sowed, when the hectare strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings uses " cripple's seedling " during greater than 220,000 strains, when the hectare strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings uses " single file seedling " sowing during less than 220,000 strains.

" cripple's seedling " sowing: ridge platform 1 and furrow 2 are alternately distributed, and soya seeds 3 mode is as shown in Figure 1 planted,

" single file seedling " sowing: ridge platform 1 and furrow 2 are alternately distributed, and soya seeds 3 mode is as shown in Figure 2 planted,

Sowing time: daily mean temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in 8-10 centimetres of topsoils of soil, during soil moisture content 20%-22%, sows in good time, and be mid-May sowing time;

Planting density: the ratio strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted in the sowing strain increases by 13%.Per hectare is with planting 45 kilograms;

Seeding quality: guarantee simple grain rate 〉=90%, hole rate≤3%, mechanical damage rate≤1%.Sowing depth is 2-3 centimetres behind the suppression of soil;

Deep placement base fertilizer: sowing is fertilising simultaneously, and 9 centimeters are down planted 6 centimetres of kind of sides in the position, and fertilizing amount is 400 kilograms/hectare.

⑷ machinery suppression: when 1 centimetre of left and right trunk soil layer appears in table soil behind seeding and fertilizing, wear the V-type packer with tractor with small four wheels and suppress once and get final product.

Adopt precision drilling, not only economize kind, the saving of labor, also make seedling be unearthed in early days crowded, water out of question, nutrition out of question, fully absorb sunlight, rational growing environment space is provided.Simultaneously throughout the growing season,, make the field soybean individuality generally have marginal effect, the effective branch of soybean is increased, spend the many fruits of many pods many, created prerequisite for guaranteeing high yield, stable yields because the equidistant simple grain of smart amount is sowed soybean.

⑸ machinery medicament weed eradication: wear spray boom formula spraying machine with tractor with small four wheels and adopt the soybean herbicides special, atomize, spray evenly, the discharge rate error is less than 5%, carry out the sealing of soil medicament before after broadcasting, emerging and handle, before rain or in the rain, carry out, per hectare weed killer herbicide 150-200 liter.As too arid, suitably strengthen Total Water.

⑹ mechanical harvest: the beans phyllopodium originally falls light after the soybean maturation, and the beans hardening when with hand moving plant beanpod sound being arranged, is used combined harvester harvesting, once finish cut down, conveying, threshing, pack, stalk collection pile operation.Also can adopt Small machine for harvesting and drying grain in sun, once finish during the swather operation and cut down, put the shop operation, again by artificially collecting independent threshing.Use mechanical harvest or harvesting soybean, can guarantee in the maturing stage, in time to gather in the crops, shorten harvest time, can reduce yield loss about 2%.

Claims (2)

1. a soybean produces the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching, and it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:

⑴ meticulous whole ground: use big machinery that soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth reaches more than 30 centimetres, is as the criterion to break tillage pan, turns over the back grading, and button is turned up soil evenly tight; Use multi-functional soil preparation machine once to finish rotary tillage, ridging, suppression; It is in small, broken bits that rotary tillage will reach topsoil soils, grading, and the degree of depth is at 16-20 centimetres; Bottom width 60cm in ridge behind the ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, wide 30 cm on the ridge; Suppression makes the ridge platform little real, smooth;

⑵ seed treatment:

Seed selection: seed purity 〉=98%, cleanliness 〉=98%, germination rate 〉=95%, moisture content≤12%;

Handle: first plasma treatment: broadcasting preceding 5-12 days, using plasma seed processing machine, handling 1.0 grades of intensity, handling 1 time seed effect 0.45 second; Carry out medicine seed dressing, vexed kind again: broadcasting preceding 1-2 days, use of insecticide carries out medicine seed dressing and vexed kind, and the weight ratio of insecticide and seed is 1:50, the back sowing of drying in the shade;

⑶ precision drilling:

Type of seeding: use the equidistant program request of soybean planting machine, simple grain is sowed;

Sowing time: daily mean temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in 8-10 centimetres of topsoils of soil, during soil moisture content 20%-22%, sows in good time, and be mid-May sowing time;

Planting density: the ratio strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted in the sowing strain increases by 10-15%, and per hectare is with kinds 40-50 kilograms;

Seeding quality: guarantee simple grain rate 〉=90%, hole rate≤3%, mechanical damage rate≤1%, sowing depth is 2-3 centimetres behind the suppression of soil;

Deep placement base fertilizer: sowing is fertilising simultaneously, and 8-10 centimeters are down planted 5-8 centimetres of kind of sides in the position;

⑷ machinery suppression: when after planting 1 centimetre of left and right trunk soil layer appears in table soil, wear the V-type packer with tractor with small four wheels and suppress once and get final product;

⑸ machinery medicament weed eradication: wear spray boom formula spraying machine with tractor with small four wheels and adopt the soybean herbicides special, carry out the sealing of soil medicament before after broadcasting, emerging and handle, before rain or in the rain, carry out, per hectare weed killer herbicide 150-200 liter;

⑹ mechanical harvest: the beans phyllopodium originally falls light after the soybean maturation, and the beans hardening when with hand moving plant beanpod sound being arranged, is used combined harvester harvesting, once finish cut down, conveying, threshing, pack, stalk collection pile operation.

2. a kind of soybean according to claim 1 produces the entire mechanization cultivation method for matching, and it is characterized in that: this method optimization procedure is

⑴ meticulous whole ground: use more than 80 horsepowers large sized tractor to wear two-way pivot plow soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth reaches more than 30 centimetres, is as the criterion to break tillage pan, turns over the back grading, and button is turned up soil evenly tight; Use large sized tractor to wear multi-functional soil preparation machine and once finish rotary tillage, ridging, suppression; It is in small, broken bits that rotary tillage will reach topsoil soils, grading, and the degree of depth is at 17-19 centimetres; Bottom width 60cm in ridge behind the ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, wide 30 cm on the ridge; Suppression makes the ridge platform little real, smooth;

⑵ seed treatment:

Seed selection: seed purity 〉=98%, cleanliness 〉=98%, germination rate 〉=95%, moisture content≤12%;

Handle: first plasma treatment: broadcasting preceding 6-11 days, using plasma seed processing machine, handling 1.0 grades of intensity, handling 1 time seed effect 0.45 second; Carry out medicine seed dressing, vexed kind again: broadcasting preceding 1-2 days, use of insecticide carries out medicine seed dressing and vexed kind, and the weight ratio of insecticide and seed is 1:50, the back sowing of drying in the shade;

⑶ precision drilling:

Type of seeding: use the equidistant program request of soybean planting machine, simple grain is sowed, and uses " cripple's seedling " or " single file seedling " sowing;

Sowing time: daily mean temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in 8-10 centimetres of topsoils of soil, during soil moisture content 20%-22%, sows in good time, and be mid-May sowing time;

Planting density: the ratio strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted in the sowing strain increases by 13%; Per hectare is with planting 45 kilograms;

Seeding quality: guarantee simple grain rate 〉=90%, hole rate≤3%, mechanical wear rate≤1%; Sowing depth is 2-3 centimetres behind the suppression of soil;

Deep placement base fertilizer: sowing is fertilising simultaneously, and 9 centimeters are down planted 6 centimetres of kind of sides in the position, and fertilizing amount is 400 kilograms/hectare;

⑷ machinery suppression: when 1 centimetre of left and right trunk soil layer appears in table soil behind seeding and fertilizing, wear the V-type packer with tractor with small four wheels and suppress once and get final product;

⑸ machinery medicament weed eradication: wear spray boom formula spraying machine with tractor with small four wheels and adopt the soybean herbicides special, atomize, spray evenly, the discharge rate error is less than 5%, carry out the sealing of soil medicament before after broadcasting, emerging and handle, before rain or in the rain, carry out, per hectare weed killer herbicide 150-200 liter;

⑹ mechanical harvest: the beans phyllopodium originally falls light after the soybean maturation, and the beans hardening when with hand moving plant beanpod sound being arranged, is used combined harvester harvesting, once finish cut down, conveying, threshing, pack, stalk collection pile operation.

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