CN104429478A - High-yield cassava cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield cassava cultivation technology. The high-yield cassava cultivation technology is characterized in that firstly, the planting land is a dry land; secondly, deep ploughing and soil preparation are conducted, and base fertilizer is applied sufficiently; thirdly, good varieties are selected and used; fourthly, thick seed stems are selected and used as cuttage seeds, wherein the seed stems should have vitality and are cut off to be 10-15 centimeters long, and the cut seed stems are soaked in ambam or lime water for disinfection; fifthly, planting is conducted at proper time, wherein when the daily average temperature is above 15 DEG C, planting can be conducted, and manure is applied and buried between every two seed stems; sixthly, growing period management includes filling of the gaps with seedlings, thinning, weeding and after-manuring; seventhly, pest control is conducted, wherein bisultap or carbofuran and fine soil are mixed and applied, or methamidophos is used for trapping and killing pests, and application of the fertilizer is stopped two months before harvesting; eighthly, harvesting is carried out at proper time in autumn, and the root yield and starch content will be lowered if harvesting is conducted too early or too late.

Description

The culture technique of high yield cassava

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of crops cassava, belong to agricultural technology field.

Background technology

Cassava is upright undershrub.Plant height 1.5 ~ 3m, original seed block root is cylindric, meat, containing abundant starch.Leaf alternate, long 10 ~ 20cm, palmate 3 ~ 7 drastic crack or totally cleave, has the white of larger area or yellow speckle in the centre of the green blade of agriculture.Cassava, is first with cultivation in Gaozhou county, Guangdong Province one, introduces Hainan Island subsequently, be now distributed widely in South China, the southern areas that Fujian, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou etc. are economized. ^[2]cassava (Manihat spp) plant, comprise cultivated species and wild species have kind more than 150, wherein cassava (Manihat esculenta Crantz) is uniquely for the kind of Economical cultivation, and only having it to be only can produce the Cassava Cultivars gathering in the crops product in plantation; Cassava is a kind of original wild varieties, and this wild species plant strain growth is vigorous, and interval is large; The thick reasonable layout of cauline leaf; Blade and blade meat tissue is thicker, and have adaptability and stronger photosynthetic capacity widely, but its sapling multiplication rate is low, carry out vegetative propagation with its kind of stem, germination rate is more much lower than cultivated species, and beet yield is also very low.Production does not directly utilize, just for breeding for disease resistance and the breeding for quality of cassava.

At present, production improves cassava production to commonly use planting type and be: select the improved Varieties of plantation high yield and enrich fertilizer, and the amount of increase in production of these two kinds of modes is very limited, generally only reaches 10 ~ 30%, and add input cost.

Summary of the invention

The present invention, for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of small investment, and easy and simple to handle, survival rate is high, can increase substantially the cultivation method of cassava production.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the culture technique of high yield cassava is achieved through the following technical solutions:

One, planting site is nonirrigated farmland, and be easy to draining, do not produce immersion, geology is comparatively large for being stained with native silt content, geology is soft, is conducive to results and chooses cassava;

Two, deep ploughing wholely, use sufficient base manure, cassava is easily planted, less demanding to soil condition, but cassava deep rooted plant, and ground more easily obtains high yield after ploughing deeply, and General Requirements is deep ploughed broken rake, deep ploughs 27 ~ 30 centimetres, as plow harrow is difficult to reach this degree of depth, the way of furrow need have been adopted to train thick soil;

Three, select improved seeds,according to planting soil type and city's climatic characteristic, select to adapt to the kind that local growth output is high, resistance, product are of fine quality;

Four, selecting and more slightly planting stem is cuttage kind, plant stem and should have vitality, the kind stem of cassava should select abundant maturation, sturdy close joint, fresh solid, bud select complete, do not damage skin, withered, not withered rotten, anosis worm, cortex green, break apart by chopping in stem that otch has milk to flow out, hypomere is best, kind stem breaks apart by chopping is advisable with 10 ~ 15 centimetres, to the kind stem ambam cut or limewash soaking disinfection, cut stem the same day and sterilized and finished the same day;

Five, in good time plantation: can plant when daily mean temperature is more than 15 DEG C, Ji'an is suitable for the best period of planting generally by the end of March to early April, planting stem takes in 45 degree of oblique cutting soil, blinding 5 ~ 6 cm thick, 3/4ths kinds of stems bury, should take to intersect oblique cutting method for wide furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row, execute between two kinds of stems and bury fertilizer;

Six, growing season management: growing season management comprises fills the gaps with seedlings: the seedling for subsequent use taking the edge of a field is to the cuttage position of rudiment not reseeding seedling; Thinning: the seedling too much to rudiment seedling carries out truncation, every is only stayed one to two young plant; Weeding back root part topdresses and pile things on fertilizer of earthing up becomes root to pile high shape, is beneficial to the growth of root cassava;

Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest, insect mainly acarid, large cricket, wireworm, cutworm, the mole cricket etc. of cassava harm blade and root potato, mixes fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields or trap and kill with first ammonium phosphorus, but results the first two months is discontinued medication with dimehypo or Furadan;

eight, in good time resultstapioca root is nutrition organs, without the obvious maturing stage, in certain limit, when temperature condition is suitable for, breeding time, the output of length was higher, therefore, results are too early unsuitable, and after autumn, temperature reduces, moisture and nutrition in the backward soil back suction cassava of leaf, gather in the crops too early or cross and all can reduce beet yield and starch decline late.

Cassava is less demanding to soil condition, but cassava deep rooted plant, and ground more easily obtains high yield after ploughing deeply, and General Requirements is deep ploughed broken rake, deep ploughs 27 ~ 30 centimetres, as plow harrow is difficult to reach this degree of depth, the way of furrow need have been adopted to train thick soil.The height and the width of furrow, should determine, 0.9 meter, general furrow broadband ditch, furrow width 0.3 meter according to physical features, soil property and weather, furrow are high 25 ~ 35 centimetres, well-drained furrow face can suitably be relaxed, and is generally made the furrow of band 1.8 meters, ditch, furrow width 0.3 meter, combine when planting wholely and use base manure, base manure is preferably based on fertilizer, and general mu executes farmyard manure 500 ~ 800 kilograms, 10 kilograms, urea, middle concentration composite fertilizer (N, P, K >=40%) 20 kilograms, and application process takes full garden to spread fertilizer over the fields.The planting density of cassava is depending on soil fertility and kind, and general planting density is 660 ~ 830 plants/acre, and seeding row spacing is 0.8 ~ 1 meter × 1 meter.Fertile soil or the strong kind of branchiness, planting distance can be wider, as south China 205 in soil fertility plant line-spacing be 0.9 meter × 1 meter, meagerly going up plant line-spacing is 0.8 meter × 1 meter, and No. 5, south China plant line-spacing on waste hillside, deserted mountain or barren soil is 0.8 meter × 0.8 meter, being 0.8 meter × 1 meter in medium fertility plot upper density, is 0.9 meter × 1 meter in fertile ground planting density.

The beneficial effect of the culture technique of high yield cassava is: the culture technique of high yield cassava is taked nonirrigated farmland, husky earth, high yield improved seeds, cut the measures such as kind of stem technology, plantation time, growing season management, assurance harvest time, can realize saving artificial, high yield, high amount of starch production object.

Embodiment

the culture technique of high yield cassava is realized by step below.

One, planting site is nonirrigated farmland, and be easy to draining, do not produce immersion, geology is comparatively large for being stained with native silt content, geology is soft, is conducive to results and chooses cassava.

Two, deep ploughing wholely, use sufficient base manure, cassava is easily planted, less demanding to soil condition, but cassava deep rooted plant, and ground more easily obtains high yield after ploughing deeply, and General Requirements is deep ploughed broken rake, deep ploughs 27 ~ 30 centimetres, as plow harrow is difficult to reach this degree of depth, the way of furrow need have been adopted to train thick soil.The height and the width of furrow, should determine, 0.9 meter, general furrow broadband ditch, furrow width 0.3 meter according to physical features, soil property and weather, furrow are high 25 ~ 35 centimetres, well-drained furrow face can suitably be relaxed, and is generally made the furrow of band 1.8 meters, ditch, furrow width 0.3 meter, combine when planting wholely and use base manure, base manure is preferably based on fertilizer, and general mu executes farmyard manure 500 ~ 800 kilograms, 10 kilograms, urea, middle concentration composite fertilizer (N, P, K >=40%) 20 kilograms, and application process takes full garden to spread fertilizer over the fields.

Three, according to planting soil type and city's climatic characteristic, select to adapt to the kind that local growth output is high, resistance, product are of fine quality.In the city, effective breeding time is 7 ~ 8 months to cassava, production should be selected growth is fast, growing way is good, drought-enduring, output is high, all kinds of soil all adapts to No. 5, early-maturing variety south China and growth is fast, good, cold-resistant, the resistance to fertilizer of growing way, anti-fall, output is high, adapt to wide medium variety south China 205 and high yield, high starch, medium variety south that resistance against diseases is strong plant 199, suitably arrange in pairs or groups the middle late-maturing variety GR891 that output is high, product are of fine quality simultaneously.It should be noted that plantation should not be planted on my ground more than the late-maturing variety of more than 9 months results.

Four, plant that the kind stem of cassava should select abundant maturation, sturdy close joint, fresh solid, bud select complete, do not damage skin, withered, not withered rotten, anosis worm, cortex green, break apart by chopping in stem that otch has milk to flow out, hypomere is best.After choosing kind of stem, by the length of 17 centimetres (about 5 cuns), cassava stem is chopped to a bit of with sharp knife, every section needs reservation 3 ~ 4 effective buds, want accurate, fast when noting cutting, knock down with a single blow into, otch is level and smooth like horse ear shape, do not allow epidermis rupture and damage eye, soft thing should be padded or directly on meadow, cut kind bottom when to cut kind, to the kind stem ambam cut or limewash soaking disinfection, cut stem the same day and sterilized and finished the same day.The kind stem cut is taked in 45 degree of oblique cutting soil, blinding 5 ~ 6 cm thick, and 3/4ths kinds of stems bury.Should take to intersect oblique cutting method for wide furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row.

Five, in good time plantation: can plant when daily mean temperature is more than 15 DEG C, Ji'an is suitable for the best period of planting generally by the end of March to early April, planting stem takes in 45 degree of oblique cutting soil, blinding 5 ~ 6 cm thick, 3/4ths kinds of stems bury, should take to intersect oblique cutting method for wide furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row, execute between two kinds of stems and bury fertilizer;

Six, growing season management: 1, fill the gaps with seedlings: cassava plants latter 3 ~ 4 weeks, often causes because minority kind stem is of poor quality or plant rear subenvironment and is short of seedling, for this reason, should take the seedling for subsequent use in the edge of a field ditch, select overcast and rainy balled transplanting.The seedling of every after-culture, imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer immediately to catch up with the growth of general seedling after surviving.2, thinning: carry out thinning when height of seedling 15 ~ 20 centimetres, the seedling that every stem stays 1 strain growth vigorous, sturdy, remaining is all removed.Thinning accomplish close stay rare, go weak stay strong.3, topdress: cassava is topdressed and generally adopts " heavy dressing seed manure is mended and executed potato fertilizer ".Seedling fertilizer is in mid or late May, and when cassava grows to 20 cm, mu executes 20 kilograms, urea, and fertilising can select light rain sky to spread manuer in holes, and small size can water and execute.Strong potato fertilizer should in mid or late June, i.e. cassava growth animated period, Mu Shizhong concentration composite fertilizer (N, P, K >=40%) 20 kilograms and 20 kilograms, potassium chloride, fertilizing method is based on ditch spread in the ranks.4, intertill and clean tillage: after cassava plantation, every mu is in time watered 50 kilograms with Acetochlor 150 grams and evenly sprays.Plant latter 30 ~ 40 days, during height of seedling 15 ~ 20 centimetres, just can carry out first time intertill and clean tillage, go mud capping near root grass.When seedling is to about 1 meter, namely plants latter 90 ~ 100 days, carry out second time weeding, should note during cultivation uproot not uprooting excessively dark, in order to avoid injure block root.

Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest, insect mainly acarid, large cricket, wireworm, cutworm, the mole cricket etc. of cassava harm blade and root potato, mixes fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields or trap and kill with first ammonium phosphorus, but results the first two months is discontinued medication with dimehypo or Furadan.

Eight, in good time resultstapioca root is nutrition organs, without the obvious maturing stage, in certain limit, when temperature condition is suitable for, breeding time, the output of length was higher, therefore, results are too early unsuitable, and after autumn, temperature reduces, moisture and nutrition in the backward soil back suction cassava of leaf, gather in the crops too early or cross and all can reduce beet yield and starch decline late.

Claims (1)

1. the culture technique of high yield cassava, is characterized in that being achieved through the following technical solutions:

One, planting site is nonirrigated farmland, and be easy to draining, do not produce immersion, geology is comparatively large for being stained with native silt content, geology is soft, is conducive to results and chooses cassava;

Two, deep ploughing wholely, use sufficient base manure, cassava is easily planted, less demanding to soil condition, but cassava deep rooted plant, and ground more easily obtains high yield after ploughing deeply, and General Requirements is deep ploughed broken rake, deep ploughs 27 ~ 30 centimetres, as plow harrow is difficult to reach this degree of depth, the way of furrow need have been adopted to train thick soil;

Three, select improved seeds,according to planting soil type and city's climatic characteristic, select to adapt to the kind that local growth output is high, resistance, product are of fine quality;

Four, selecting and more slightly planting stem is cuttage kind, plant stem and should have vitality, the kind stem of cassava should select abundant maturation, sturdy close joint, fresh solid, bud select complete, do not damage skin, withered, not withered rotten, anosis worm, cortex green, break apart by chopping in stem that otch has milk to flow out, hypomere is best, kind stem breaks apart by chopping is advisable with 10 ~ 15 centimetres, to the kind stem ambam cut or limewash soaking disinfection, cut stem the same day and sterilized and finished the same day;

Five, in good time plantation: can plant when daily mean temperature is more than 15 DEG C, Ji'an is suitable for the best period of planting generally by the end of March to early April, planting stem takes in 45 degree of oblique cutting soil, blinding 5 ~ 6 cm thick, 3/4ths kinds of stems bury, should take to intersect oblique cutting method for wide furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row, execute between two kinds of stems and bury fertilizer;

Six, growing season management: growing season management comprises fills the gaps with seedlings: the seedling for subsequent use taking the edge of a field is to the cuttage position of rudiment not reseeding seedling; Thinning: the seedling too much to rudiment seedling carries out truncation, every is only stayed one to two young plant; Weeding back root part topdresses and pile things on fertilizer of earthing up becomes root to pile high shape, is beneficial to the growth of root cassava;

Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest, insect mainly acarid, large cricket, wireworm, cutworm, the mole cricket etc. of cassava harm blade and root potato, mixes fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields or trap and kill with first ammonium phosphorus, but results the first two months is discontinued medication with dimehypo or Furadan;

eight, in good time resultstapioca root is nutrition organs, without the obvious maturing stage, in certain limit, when temperature condition is suitable for, breeding time, the output of length was higher, therefore, results are too early unsuitable, and after autumn, temperature reduces, moisture and nutrition in the backward soil back suction cassava of leaf, gather in the crops too early or cross and all can reduce beet yield and starch decline late.