CN101999286B - Method for cultivating sweet potatoes by covering with rice straws and wheat straws - Google Patents
Method for cultivating sweet potatoes by covering with rice straws and wheat straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN101999286B CN101999286B CN 201010280054 CN201010280054A CN101999286B CN 101999286 B CN101999286 B CN 101999286B CN 201010280054 CN201010280054 CN 201010280054 CN 201010280054 A CN201010280054 A CN 201010280054A CN 101999286 B CN101999286 B CN 101999286B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating sweet potatoes by covering with rice straws and wheat straws, which comprises the main steps of: soil preparation and fertilizer application, transplanting, grass covering, seedling insertion and supplementation, proper fertilizer application in a growing period, proper water content control, disease and pest control and final fruit harvesting. The sweet potato fruit harvested with the method disclosed by the invention has uniform size, smooth skin, high yield and good quality so that the commodity property is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the cyclic utilization of resources is realized to achieve the effect of changing waste materials into valuable materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural product cultivation field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of straw, wheat straw culture underglass sweet potato.
Background technology
Sweet potato is claimed sweet potato, sweet potato, pachyrhizus etc. again, belongs to Convolvulaceae, sweet potato genus, sweet potato kind, is the annual herb plant.Sweet potato is one of main upland grain of China.The sweet potato nutritive value is higher, has many uses too.It is a raw material of making starch, alcohol and sugar.Be again important forage crop, the by products such as granulated slag after aquatic foods, scapus leaf and potato piece and the processing all are the very high feeds of nutritive value.The petiole of sweet potato also can be used as pollution-free vegetable.Sweet potato adaptability is stronger, and resistance is very outstanding, and is more drought-enduring, though but need fertile more anti-lean.China tradition sweet potato culture technique method is a lot, but the fruit of sweet potato knot all is to be grown in the soil, owing to receive factor such as moisture between soil hardness difference and fruit expanding period, the most of epidermises of sweet potato fruit of traditional planting technology knot are rough.The present invention adopts straw or wheat straw culture underglass to make the sweet potato fruit growth on soil and below the grass, suitable all soil commerial growings of the whole nation.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses and a kind ofly adopt straw or wheat straw is no-tillage or the method for deep ploughing all standing cultivation sweet potato; Adopt straw or wheat straw culture underglass to make the sweet potato fruit growth on soil and below the grass; The sweet potato fruit expands because overstock by soil, and institute's sweet potato fruit of gather in the crops is big or small even, and epidermis is smooth; Pollution-free, commodity increases substantially.
For realizing that above-mentioned purpose the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method of a kind of paddy and wheat grass culture underglass sweet potato is characterized in that: specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the whole furrow fertilising of deep ploughing
A, the whole ground of deep ploughing is deep ploughing soil earlier, and is broken the soil block rake again, rake, and every mu of organic fertilizer 3000kg in the time of whole ground of deep ploughing, the deep ploughing degree of depth is that 25-30cm is advisable;
B, bedding are carried out bedding with the soil after the deep ploughing when fine soil moisture is suitable, furrow are made and contained about 1 meter of furrow width, and furrow integral body will become terrible back of the body type, and sweet potato transplantation of seedlings field planting is done for high slightly about about 10 centimetres than gutter in the centre;
C, fertilising trench digging are dispersed in fertilizer in the middle of the furrow, execute 10 kilograms in urea for every mu, 20 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulphates;
(2) no-tillage whole furrow fertilising
Carry out no-tillage bedding when a, bedding fine day antecedent soil moisture, furrow are made wide about 1 meter and are connected ditch;
B, the soil of making sweet potato cuttage field planting band trench are clapped and brokenly to be formed wide 20 centimetres, high about 10 centimetres sweet potato cuttage field planting band in the middle of being put into furrow, make furrow in the middle of hack exceed about about 10 centimetres slightly than gutter;
C, fertilising no-tillage fertilizing will be dispersed in field planting band two limits with fertilizer uniformly after the cuttage of sweet potato seedling, require distance to keep distance more than 5 centimetres, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000kg, 10 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulphates in cuttage seeding.
(3) plant
A, plant period: grasp cutting time flexibly based on locality cultivation custom, generally can plant in mid-May-early June.
B, growing method:
(a), the oblique cutting method, the sweet potato seedling about 4-6 joint, long 15-20 centimetre will be arranged, tilt with the angled insertion soil in ground in about 3 joints;
(b), the shallow flat method of inserting, with sweet potato seedling with 5-8 joint, long 20-25 centimetre, will be wherein 3-5 save horizontal shallow being pressed in the ridge, degree of depth 3-4 centimetre, the sweet potato seedling is respectively saved is in the same degree of depth, and the firming of evenly exerting oneself;
(c), the straight cutting method, with the long 10-15 centimetre of sweet potato seedling that 3-5 joint arranged approximately, bury 2-3 joint of straight cutting.
C, plant density: according to soil fertility, plant season, vegetative period, growing method and kind and confirm;
(4) lid grass
Generally mulching straw or wheat straw immediately after the cuttage of sweet potato seedling is accomplished, deep ploughing cultivation can be postponed at the cuttage seeding back 15 days inner cap grass that become to live; No-tillage cultivation requires lid grass immediately; The thickness of lid grass is generally at 10-11 centimetre of optimum, and mu uses hay at the 1400-1500 kilogram;
(5) field management
A, look into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings: sweet potato is planted the back should in time look into seedling in 5-7 days, and selected for use fill the gaps with seedlings in the afternoon in rainy day or fine day strong sprout, will in time water after filling the gaps with seedlings;
B, fertilising: the principle that must grasp " nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cooperate; with phosphorus, potassium is main " in the fertilising; Using sufficient on the basis of base manure, topdress the principle of the GPRS that topdresses " two is light, middle heavy " in right amount according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; Be that branch knot potato reached the rapid expanding stage of piece root and should gently execute heavy dressing when beginning to expand behind the piece root " typing " phase before.
(a) seed manure: use seed manure, not enough at base manure, plant under the low or arid situation of temperature, should in time use seed manure, execute urea 9-11kg for general every mu, convert water and pour or take advantage of the rainy day and use;
(b) sweet potato potato piece forms fertilizer: generally after transplanting in 30-45 days, mu is executed general calcium 9-11kg for the second time, urea 14-16kg, and potassium sulphate 14-16kg, the plain 2.0-2.5 gram of cloud tongue is converted water and is poured or take advantage of the rainy day and use;
(c) the piece root expands fertilizer: sweet potato gets into cissoid and contains for a long time, in time supplies with enough nutrients, executes cake fertilizer 20-25kg for general every mu, and potassium sulphate 14-16kg, urea 9-11kg convert water and pour or take advantage of the rainy day and use; The sweet potato growth later stage, can adopt foliar application, generally before results, sprayed 1% urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 30-50 days 2-3 time;
C, water management: the sweet potato growth is suitably irrigated early stage, the later stage intermittent irrigation, and the spring cultivation rainwater is more, need not pour water;
D, bio-hormone are used: after the sweet potato transplantation of seedlings, sprayed sweet potato special use " enlarging agent " respectively once in 40-50 days and 50-70 days; After the transplanting,, spray " chlormequat " (mepiquat chloride) if the climing over growth of sweet potato seedling stem occurs moving when long, the climing excessive growth of control potato, general 10 days are once, spray continuously three times;
E, the extermination of disease and insect pest: growing period is in case to cure soil insect be main; Insect is main with aphid and thrips on the ground, gets final product for 1-2 time in the growing period control.
The present invention adopts straw or wheat straw is no-tillage or deep ploughing all standing cultivation sweet potato technology has following clear superiority:
1: straw or wheat straw all standing have changed the original growing environment of sweet potato; Make the sweet potato root growth in soil, absorb nutrition; And fruit really knot on soil with grass below, the sweet potato fruit expands because overstock by soil, institute's sweet potato fruit of gather in the crops is big or small even; Epidermis is smooth, and commodity increases substantially;
2: long-term maintenance soil moisture is played in straw or wheat straw all standing, is beneficial to the sweet potato growth and obtains high yield;
3: grass microbial ecological balance is down played in straw or wheat straw all standing, improves the disease resistance of sweet potato, and the whole growth phase need not used agricultural chemicals;
4: straw or wheat straw all standing are played weeds and can't be grown, so do not need artificial weeding, save a large amount of artificial;
5: the invention solves a large amount of straw and a wheat straw Air environment difficult problem, the grass after the results is in half rotten state basically, can improve the soil, and is beneficial to the second stubble crop growth;
6: straw of the present invention or wheat straw all standing cultivation sweet potato technology are fit to processing and use sweet potato, and dish is used sweet potato, the cultivation of all sweet potato kinds such as extraordinary colored sweet potato.
Embodiment
The method of a kind of paddy and wheat grass culture underglass sweet potato specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the whole furrow fertilising of deep ploughing
A, the whole ground of deep ploughing is deep ploughing soil earlier, and is broken the soil block rake again, rake, and every mu of organic fertilizer 3000kg in the time of whole ground of deep ploughing, the deep ploughing degree of depth is that 25-30cm is advisable;
B, bedding are carried out bedding with the soil after the deep ploughing when fine soil moisture is suitable, furrow are made and contained about 1 meter of furrow width, and furrow integral body will become terrible back of the body type, and sweet potato transplantation of seedlings field planting is done for high slightly about about 10 centimetres than gutter in the centre;
C, fertilising trench digging are dispersed in fertilizer in the middle of the furrow, execute 10 kilograms in urea for every mu, 20 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, and 40 kilograms of potassium sulphates disseminate 3% phoxim granular insecticide 4kg;
(2) no-tillage whole furrow fertilising
Carry out no-tillage bedding when a, bedding fine day antecedent soil moisture, furrow are made wide about 1 meter and are connected ditch;
B, the soil of making sweet potato cuttage field planting band trench are clapped and brokenly to be formed wide 20 centimetres, high about 10 centimetres sweet potato cuttage field planting band in the middle of being put into furrow, make furrow in the middle of hack exceed about about 10 centimetres slightly than gutter;
C, the fertilising no-tillage fertilizing will be after the cuttage of sweet potato seedling; Fertilizer is dispersed in field planting band two limits uniformly, requires distance to keep distance more than 5 centimetres, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000kg in cuttage seeding; 10 kilograms in urea; 20 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulphates disseminate 3% phoxim particle (treasured place moral) insecticide 4kg.
(3) plant
A, plant period: grasp cutting time flexibly based on locality cultivation custom, generally can plant in mid-May-early June.
B, growing method:
(a), the oblique cutting method, the sweet potato seedling about 4-6 joint, long 15-20 centimetre will be arranged, tilt with the angled insertion soil in ground in about 3 joints;
(b), the shallow flat method of inserting, with sweet potato seedling with 5-8 joint, long 20-25 centimetre, will be wherein 3-5 save horizontal shallow being pressed in the ridge, degree of depth 3-4 centimetre, the sweet potato seedling is respectively saved is in the same degree of depth, and the firming of evenly exerting oneself;
(c), the straight cutting method, with the long 10-15 centimetre of sweet potato seedling that 3-5 joint arranged approximately, bury 2-3 joint of straight cutting.
C, plant density: according to soil fertility, plant season, vegetative period, growing method and kind and confirm;
(4) lid grass
Generally mulching straw or wheat straw immediately after the cuttage of sweet potato seedling is accomplished, deep ploughing cultivation can be postponed at the cuttage seeding back 15 days inner cap grass that become to live; No-tillage cultivation requires lid grass immediately; The thickness of lid grass is generally at 10-11 centimetre of optimum, and mu uses hay at the 1400-1500 kilogram;
(5) field management
A, look into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings: sweet potato is planted the back should in time look into seedling in 5-7 days, and selected for use fill the gaps with seedlings in the afternoon in rainy day or fine day strong sprout, will in time water after filling the gaps with seedlings;
B, fertilising: the principle that must grasp " nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cooperate; with phosphorus, potassium is main " in the fertilising; Using sufficient on the basis of base manure, topdress the principle of the GPRS that topdresses " two is light, middle heavy " in right amount according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; Be that branch knot potato reached the rapid expanding stage of piece root and should gently execute heavy dressing when beginning to expand behind the piece root " typing " phase before.
(a) seed manure: use seed manure, not enough at base manure, plant under the low or arid situation of temperature, should in time use seed manure, execute urea 9-11kg for general every mu, convert water and pour or take advantage of the rainy day and use;
(b) sweet potato potato piece forms fertilizer: generally after transplanting in 30-45 days, mu is executed general calcium 9-11kg for the second time, urea 14-16kg, and potassium sulphate 14-16kg, the plain 2.0-2.5 gram of cloud tongue is converted water and is poured or take advantage of the rainy day and use;
(c) the piece root expands fertilizer: sweet potato gets into cissoid and contains for a long time, in time supplies with enough nutrients, executes cake fertilizer 20-25kg for general every mu, and potassium sulphate 14-16kg, urea 9-11kg convert water and pour or take advantage of the rainy day and use; The sweet potato growth later stage, can adopt foliar application, generally before results, sprayed 1% urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 30-50 days 2-3 time;
C, water management: the sweet potato growth is suitably irrigated early stage, the later stage intermittent irrigation, and the spring cultivation rainwater is more, need not pour water;
D, bio-hormone are used: after the sweet potato transplantation of seedlings, sprayed sweet potato special use " enlarging agent " respectively once in 40-50 days and 50-70 days; After the transplanting,, spray " chlormequat " (mepiquat chloride) if the climing over growth of sweet potato seedling stem occurs moving when long, the climing excessive growth of control potato, general 10 days are once, spray continuously three times;
E, the extermination of disease and insect pest: growing period is in case to cure soil insect be main; Insect is main with aphid and thrips on the ground, gets final product for 1-2 time in the growing period control.
Claims (1)
1. the method for paddy and wheat grass culture underglass sweet potato is characterized in that: specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the whole furrow fertilising of deep ploughing
A, the whole ground of deep ploughing, deep ploughing soil is broken the soil block rake more earlier, rake, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000kg in the time of whole ground of deep ploughing, the deep ploughing degree of depth is 25-30cm;
B, bedding are carried out bedding with the soil after the deep ploughing when fine soil moisture is suitable, furrow are made and contained about 1 meter of furrow width, and furrow integral body will become curvature of the spinal column type, and sweet potato transplantation of seedlings field planting is done for high slightly about 10 centimetres than gutter in the centre;
C, fertilising, trench digging is dispersed in fertilizer in the middle of the furrow, executes 10 kilograms in urea for every mu, 20 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulphates;
(2) no-tillage whole furrow fertilising
Carry out no-tillage bedding when a, bedding, fine antecedent soil moisture, furrow connect ditch and make wide about 1 meter;
B, make sweet potato cuttage field planting band, the soil of trench is clapped and is brokenly formed wide 20 centimetres, high about 10 centimetres sweet potato cuttage field planting band in the middle of being put into furrow, make furrow in the middle of hack exceed slightly about 10 centimetres than gutter;
C, fertilising, no-tillage fertilizing will be dispersed in field planting band both sides with fertilizer uniformly after the cuttage of sweet potato seedling, require distance and cuttage seeding to keep distance more than 5 centimetres, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000kg, 10 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulphates;
(3) plant
A, plant period: grasp cutting time flexibly according to locality cultivation custom, plant in mid-May-early June;
B, growing method:
(a), the oblique cutting method, the sweet potato seedling of 4-6 joint, long 15-20 centimetre will be arranged, tilt with the angled insertion soil in ground in about 3 joints;
(b), the shallow flat method of inserting, with sweet potato seedling with 5-8 joint, long 20-25 centimetre, will be wherein 3-5 save horizontal shallow being pressed in the ridge, degree of depth 3-4 centimetre, the sweet potato seedling is respectively saved is in the same degree of depth, and the firming of evenly exerting oneself;
(c), the straight cutting method, with the long 10-15 centimetre of sweet potato seedling that 3-5 joint arranged, bury 2-3 joint of straight cutting;
C, plant density: according to soil fertility, plant season, vegetative period, growing method and kind and confirm;
(4) lid grass
Mulching straw or wheat straw immediately after the cuttage of sweet potato seedling is accomplished, the thickness of lid grass be at 10-11 centimetre, mu with hay at the 1400-1500 kilogram;
(5) field management
A, look into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings: sweet potato is planted the back should in time look into seedling in 5-7 days, and selected for use fill the gaps with seedlings in the afternoon in rainy day or fine day strong sprout, will in time water after filling the gaps with seedlings;
B, fertilising: the principle that must grasp " nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cooperate; with phosphorus, potassium is main " in the fertilising; Using sufficient on the basis of base manure; Topdress in right amount according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; The topdress principle of GPRS " two light, middle heavy "; Be that branch knot potato reached the rapid expanding stage of piece root and should gently execute heavy dressing when beginning to expand behind the piece root " typing " phase before;
(a) seed manure: use seed manure, not enough at base manure, plant under the low or arid situation of temperature, should in time use seed manure, execute urea 9-11kg for every mu, convert water and pour or take advantage of the rainy day and use;
(b) sweet potato potato piece forms fertilizer: after transplanting in 30-45 days, mu is executed general calcium 9-11kg for the second time, urea 14-16kg, and potassium sulphate 14-16kg, the plain 2.0-2.5 gram of cloud tongue is converted water and is poured or take advantage of the rainy day and use;
(c) the piece root expands fertilizer: sweet potato gets into cissoid and contains for a long time, in time supplies with enough nutrients, executes cake fertilizer 20-25kg for every mu, and potassium sulphate 14-16kg, urea 9-11kg convert water and pour or take advantage of the rainy day and use; The sweet potato growth later stage, adopt foliar application, before results, sprayed 1% urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 30-50 days 2-3 time;
C, water management: the sweet potato growth is suitably irrigated early stage, the later stage intermittent irrigation, and the spring cultivation rainwater is more, need not pour water;
D, bio-hormone are used: after the sweet potato transplantation of seedlings, sprayed sweet potato special use " enlarging agent " respectively once in 40-50 days and 50-70 days; After the transplanting,, spray " chlormequat " if the climing over growth of sweet potato seedling stem occurs moving when long, the climing excessive growth of control potato, 10 days are once, spray continuously three times;
E, the extermination of disease and insect pest: growing period is in case to cure soil insect be main; Insect is main with aphid and thrips on the ground, growing period control 1-2 time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010280054 CN101999286B (en) | 2010-09-11 | 2010-09-11 | Method for cultivating sweet potatoes by covering with rice straws and wheat straws |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010280054 CN101999286B (en) | 2010-09-11 | 2010-09-11 | Method for cultivating sweet potatoes by covering with rice straws and wheat straws |
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| CN101999286A CN101999286A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| CN101999286B true CN101999286B (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104488532A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-08 | 广西乐业县顾式茶有限公司 | Method for space auxiliary sterilization of livestock houses by natural fragrance of grasses and flowers |
| WO2021118426A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | Perstorp Ab | Method for increasing the starch content in agricultural crops |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102498843B (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-12-11 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains |
| CN103262728B (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2015-05-13 | 铜陵县香联生态农业科技园有限公司 | Cultivating method of high-yield sweet potatoes |
| CN106211983A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method that can improve south yield of sweet potato |
| CN115104438A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 昌江广凌农业科技有限公司 | Efficient sweet potato cutting cultivation method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101080980A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-05 | 天津市汉沽区福祥肥料加工厂 | Planting method for cultivating huge potato |
| CN101080986A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2007-12-05 | 浙江大学 | Iodine-contained sweet potato planting method |
| CN101647363A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2010-02-17 | 谈发来 | Cultivation method of sweet potato |
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2010
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104488532A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-08 | 广西乐业县顾式茶有限公司 | Method for space auxiliary sterilization of livestock houses by natural fragrance of grasses and flowers |
| WO2021118426A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | Perstorp Ab | Method for increasing the starch content in agricultural crops |
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