CN104206153A - Method for efficiently and comprehensively preventing and controlling sesame diseases - Google Patents
Method for efficiently and comprehensively preventing and controlling sesame diseases Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for efficiently and comprehensively preventing and controlling sesame diseases. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a disease-resistant variety; (2) selecting a high-quality farmland; (3) seeding in good time, performing rational close planting and performing crop rotation; (4) performing seed coating treatment; (5) preventing and controlling diseases in a seedling stage; (6) preventing and controlling diseases in a flowering stage; (7) harvesting in good time. The method can be used for effectively preventing and treating main diseases such as wilt of sesame, stem wilt and leaf wilt, the comprehensive prevention and control effect can be up to 77.37%-89.5%, and the yield is improved to 85.9-93.6%. The method is simple in comprehensive prevention and control step, reasonable in design, efficient and safe, high in practicability, high in prevention and control efficiency, good in result repetitiveness and low in cost, and can be used for increasing the sesame unit production and increasing incomes of farmers under the condition of not increasing the prevention and control cost, and is wide in technical application range and obvious in economic benefits and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of prevention and control sesame disease, be specifically related to a kind of method of efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease.
Background technology
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26), belongs to Pedaliaceae flax and belongs to, annual herb plant, is one of the most ancient in the world oil crop, Ye Shi China characteristic high-quality oil crop sesame.China's sesame Annual planting area about 1,200 ten thousand mu, gross yield about 750,000 tons, has consequence in international oil seed trade.
China's sesame plantation region is very extensive, and Henan, Anhui, Hubei are major production areas, are secondly the ground such as Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Liaoning.The breeding time of sesame is shorter (about 85 days), but because sesame disease resistance is poor, Major Diseases such as sesame fusarium wilt, stem point rot and leaf blight etc. occurs comparatively general in main producing region, be also cause China's Sesame Seed Yield low for a long time and one of principal element of shakiness.Wherein, sesame fusarium wilt is infected by fusarium oxysporum sesame (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami) and causes, and any period that sesame plant is growing all can be infected by Fusarium oxysporum.Fusarium oxysporum chlamydospore can only adopt simple chemical control when soil long-term survival (without surviving when host more than 6 years), cultivation step method can not control effectively to this disease; Stalk of sesame point rot is infected by Kidney bean shell ball spore bacterium (Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby.) and causes, and mainly infecting period is seedling stage and full-bloom stage, in close relations with rainfall, air humidity.Because its disease cycle is short, disease spreads soon, and prevention and control difficulty is very large.In addition, the leaf diseases such as leaf blight (Helminthosporum sesami Miyake) occurs comparatively common, mainly occurs in full-bloom stage, in close relations with rainfall, air humidity.Because its morbidity is rapid, it is fast to spread, control effect is often lower, larger on the impact of sesame seed quality and yield.
So far, in China northeast, Jiangxi, North China and the Yellow River and Huai He River main producing region still visible phenomenon causing full field Severe Reduction even to have no harvest because of above-mentioned main sesame disease hazard, the enthusiasm of peasant planting sesame baffles, and area offset sharper slowdowns produced by sesame.
Research is thought and is adopted chemical control, biological control and measure such as cultivation layout etc. to be what can realize safe, the sustainable control of Sesame Diseases, such as, and little green grass or young crops " integrated control of sesame damage by disease and insect " Hubei plant protection the 4th phase in 2000 more than prior art.But at present, because sesame disease Research foundation is weak, sesame progress of breeding is relatively slow, the overall disease resistance of kind still has much room for improvement; In actual production, peasant household mainly adopts chemical prevention and control method to sesame disease, and means of prevention is comparatively single.Chemistry prevention and control and biological Control Technology remain, high in cost of production problem poor at control effect in the application of actual prevention and control sesame fusarium wilt.In addition, in disease control process, the frequent use of a large amount of chemical pesticide, easily causes pathogen producer to make a variation, produces antagonism, and ecotope is wrecked, Practice for Pesticide Residue in Agricultural Products exceeds standard etc., and problem is frequently existing.In view of above reason, current urgent need sets up a kind of stability and high efficiency sesame disease Synthetical prevention method fast, guarantees that sesame disease control develops from single utilization chemical agent to integrated control technique, thus provides technical support for the safety in production of China sesame.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention there is provided a kind of comprehensive preventive health measures utilizing cultural control, chemical control and biological control, reach stable, efficiently, the method for Synthetical prevention sesame disease rapidly.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is: a kind of method of efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease, comprises following step:
(1) select disease-resistant variety: base area characteristic of field and breediness, select the disease-resistant improved seeds of resistance to stain adapting to local ecological condition and cropping system;
(2) select superior farmland: select that physical features is smooth, farmland that surrounding drainage condition is good, ensure field and periphery irrigation canals and ditches supporting, rainy season, draining was unimpeded, and field is ponding not;
(3) seed pelleting: before sowing, rejects broken grain, mould grain, then uses the safety bactericide being suitable for sesame to dress seed to seed, dries rear sowing, with kill seed with germ.
(4) begin sowing in good time, rational close planting, crop rotation: when temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C, can sow; Adopt ridging or flat work, 10,000-15, carries out 3-5 crop rotation with gramineous crop by 000 plant/acre;
(5) sprout term disease prevention and control: sesame emerge after 1-2 to true leaf time, when there being fusarium wilt to occur, every mu of study on brassinolide 3000-3500 adopting 0.01% is (as Yunda-120, golden Yunda-120), NEB 2500-3000 doubly (as NEB) and biocontrol microorganisms bacterium liquid 600-800 times doubly, be watered 30kg spraying, after 2-3 week after diseased plant growth recovers to some extent, then spray 0.01% study on brassinolide 3000-3500 doubly;
(6) florescence disease prevention and control: sesame, when initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, adopts the safety chemical bactericide of three groups of low toxicities, low-residual, wide spectrum to combine spraying control, changed one group of spraying once at interval of 10 days, continuously control three times.First time, spraying time carried out when initial bloom stage or the front field of initial bloom stage have and sporadicly gently fall ill strain, and cooperation simultaneously adopts physical control method, pulls out grave illness strain, takes out of outside field and destroy; As being obstructed when meeting cloudy weather for several days running weather stage spray medicine, should fill spray medicament after the rain in time; Sesame growing period, the prevention and control such as worm, grass, stain, drought injury are carried out according to Routine Management technology;
(7) gather in the crops: according to sesame growth and development state, the sesame plant leaf of investigation Tanaka 75% turns yellow or comes off, and when middle and lower part capsule and seed present physiological ripening look, can gather in the crops in good time.
Further, bactericide described in described step (3) is that wherein dosage accounts for 0.1% ~ 0.3% of seed weight with any one seed dressing in 250g/L Fluoxastrobin (go out as peace reach, Amici reaches), 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder (as thiophanate methyl), 25g/L fludioxonil (as time suitable happy).
Further, described 250g/L Fluoxastrobin (go out as peace reach, Amici reaches) accounts for 0.2% of seed weight, described 70% thiophanate-methyl (as thiophanate methyl) accounts for 0.2% of seed weight, and described 25 grams per liter fludioxonils (as time suitable happy) account for 0.15% of seed weight.
Further, described in described step (5), biocontrol microorganisms is bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, and during foliage-spray biocontrol microorganisms, should avoid the direct irradiation of sunshine, and the time of spraying should be selected in cloudy, cloudy or dusk.Biocontrol microorganisms is under the direct irradiation of the sun, and its living bacteria count can decline, and directly affects the drug effect of biocontrol microorganisms.
Further, in described step (6) when initial bloom stage, every mu adopts 50% carbendazim 300-500 times (as withered Garrick, carbendazol) and NEB 2500-3000 doubly, is watered 30kg spraying; Interval 10 days is every mu of use 25% Tebuconazole wetting powder 50g (as bacterium Garrick, Likeming Gel) and 25% Fluoxastrobin 30-40ml (go out as peace reach, Amici reach) afterwards, is watered 30kg spraying; 50% carbendazim 100g and 25% Tebuconazole wetting powder 50g or 50% prochloraz manganese salt 50g (as making hundred merits) is used at interval after 10 days again, is watered 30kg spraying.
Further, when in described step (6), full-bloom stage sprays medicament, the safety chemical bactericide of described three groups of low toxicities, low-residual, wide spectrum adds 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed atomizing controls respectively, changes one group of spraying once at interval of 10 days, continuous control three times, increases fertilizer supply.
It is main disease during sesame is produced that the present invention selects rot according to sesame fusarium wilt, stem, and pathogen is mainly from plants stems base portion, the harm of rhizome portion invasion plant.Seedling stage is one of main period of the withered infection process crop of sesame fusarium wilt and stem point.So start with in the aspects such as the quantity of prevention and control measure pathogen from getting fat, strong sesame plant, raising sesame plant resistance against diseases and reduction soil, wherein, the study on brassinolide adopted is a kind of new green environment protection plant growth regulator, can root growth be promoted, improve the drought resisting of crop, cold tolerance, alleviate crop and suffer damage by disease and insect, poisoning, fertilizer damage, the symptom of freeze injury; Meanwhile, this medicament also has production-increasing function, generally increases production 10-20%, and high reaches 30%, and can obviously improve crop product quality.NEB is a kind of bio-bacterial manure and non-harmful product, crop is free from side effects, and there is extraneous root, getting fat, volume increase, disease-resistant, the drought resisting that can significantly improve crop, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging, premature senescence resistance ability, particularly drought-resistant ability, solves agriculture severe drought, soil is barren, continuous cropping is seriously ill, the difficult problem such as chemical contamination.Biocontrol microorganisms is a class beneficial microbe, its mechanisms of control wheat scab mainly reduces the quantity of pathogenic microorganism by bacteriolyze, competition, occupy-place effect and secondary metabolites bactericidal action, such as, in adverse circumstance, under coercing as arid, nutrient, improve patience by the growth strengthening root system and plant; Can inducing plant to the resistance of germ; Increase the dissolubility of the nutrient component in soil, and promote that it absorbs; Make the enzymatic inactivation in pathogen.Therefore, associating chemical control (spraying carbendazim, Tebuconazole etc.), physical control (pulling out diseased plant, crop rotation), cultural control (selecting disease-resistant variety) and biological control (spraying study on brassinolide, NEB, biocontrol microorganisms), effectively stably prevent and treat sesame fusarium wilt, stalk of sesame point rot, and for later volume increase, increase income and established solid foundation.
The present invention is directed to sesame whole breeding time and disease occurrence characteristic, reasonably make use of the Synthetical prevention technology of cultural control, chemical control, physical control and biological control, efficient prevention and control are in time carried out to sesame fusarium wilt, Major Diseases such as stem point rot and leaf blight etc.; Synthetical prevention method is simple and clear, and Synthetical prevention is effective, can reach 77.37% ~ 89.5%, and output increased 85.9% ~ 93.6% can guarantee cultivating sesame seeds with high yield stable yields, applied widely.
In a word, the present invention compared with prior art, has following useful technique effect: reasonable in design, exploitativeness is strong, and prevention and control efficiency is high, and result is reproducible, and cost is low, meanwhile, can realize improving per unit area yield, increasing income when not increasing prevention and control cost; Applied widely, create good economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the prevention and control test effect figure of the present invention in the Yellow River and Huai He River sesame production area.The left side 2 strain is blank (not prevention and control); Middle 2 strains are farmland common management effect; The right 2 strains are experimental field sesame Synthetical prevention effect.
Fig. 2 is the prevention and control test effect figure of the present invention in sesame production area, North China.The left side 3 strain is blank (not prevention and control), and part is withered diseased plant, and blade dries up; The right 3 strains are Synthetical prevention effect, and plant is tall and big, and knot capsule is good, enter harvest time partial function leaf still healthy and strong.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1: the method for the efficient Synthetical prevention of sesame disease is implemented in the Yellow River and Huai He River sesame producing region
(1) select 5 mu, the good farmland of irrigation condition in Xiangcheng, Henan, plantation is applicable to the high resistance improved seeds Zheng Zhi 13 of the Yellow River and Huai He River district ecological condition.The plantation of wheat stubble is sowed, employing grade for line-spacing, line-spacing 40 centimetres, 10,000 plant/acre.
(2) in enforcement plot, when fitting happy with 25 grams per liters of seed weight 0.15% before sowing, seed dressing, dries rear sowing.
(3) sprout term disease prevention and control: be strong sprout, select 0.01% study on brassinolide 3000 times (10 milliliters/mu)+NEB, 2500 times of (10 milliliters/mu)+biocontrol microorganisms (bacillus licheniformis+bacillus subtilis) bacterium liquid 600 times (50 milliliters/mu) for every mu, spraying after mixing.
(4) florescence disease prevention and control: July, the first tenday period of a month, sesame entered the florescence, every mu adopts 50% carbendazim 300 times (100g/ mu)+NEB 2500 times (10 milliliters/mu) spraying; 10 days every mu of use 25% Tebuconazole wetting powder 50g+25% Fluoxastrobin 30ml afterwards, are watered 30kg spraying; 50% carbendazim 100g+50% prochloraz manganese salt 50g is used at interval after 10 days again, is watered 30kg spraying.Full-bloom stage adds 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed atomizings while spraying medicament.Sesame growing period, the prevention and control such as worm, grass, stain, drought injury are carried out according to Routine Management technology.
(5) before results, investigation field fusarium wilt, stem point rot and leaf blight, the difference (Fig. 1) between comparing process and contrasting.Under result is presented at Synthetical prevention technical finesse, sesame leaf disease disease refers to be 24.01, and blank district sesame leaf disease disease refers to be 77.68, and control effect improves 77.37%.
(6) gather in the crops, survey and produce.According to plant development situation, investigation Tanaka has the sesame plant leaf major part of 75% to come off, and when middle and lower part capsule and seed present physiological ripening look, gathers in the crops.Surveying the per unit area yield producing result display prevention and control process is 132.4Kg/ mu, and blank is 68.4Kg/ mu, output increased 93.6% after use Synthetical prevention technology, Be very effective.
Embodiment 2: the method for the efficient Synthetical prevention of sesame disease is implemented in sesame producing region, North China
(1) select 15 mu, the good farmland of irrigation condition in Jing County, Hebei province, plantation is applicable to the high resistance improved seeds Ji Hangzhi No.1 of north China Region ecological condition.Corn stubble is sowed, and adopts the plantation of ridging duplicate rows, row spacing 60 centimetres, ridge height 10-12 centimetre.Average row distance 55 centimetres, 10,000 plant/acre.
(2) when fitting happy with 25 grams per liters of seed weight 0.15% before broadcasting, seed dressing, dries rear sowing.
(3) sprout term disease prevention and control: sesame is emerged rear 2 pairs of true leaves, have a small amount of withered diseased plant to exist.Select 0.01% study on brassinolide 3000 times (10 milliliters/mu)+NEB, 2500 times of (10 milliliters/mu)+bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid 600 times (50 milliliters/mu), spraying after mixing.2-3 Zhou Houzai sprays 0.01% study on brassinolide 3000 times.
(4) florescence disease prevention and control: after mid-July, sesame entered the florescence, plot has fusarium wilt and stem point rot to occur.Every mu sprays 25% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid+NEB, 3000 times of liquid; Select 25% Tebuconazole 50g+25% Fluoxastrobin 40ml after 10 days, be watered 30kg spraying; 50% carbendazim 100g+25% Tebuconazole 50g is used at interval after 10 days again, is watered 30kg spraying.Full-bloom stage adds 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed atomizings while spraying medicament.Sesame growing period, the prevention and control such as worm, grass, stain, drought injury are carried out according to Routine Management technology.
(5) before results, investigation field fusarium wilt and stem point rot, the difference (Fig. 2) between comparing process and contrasting.Result display prevention and control field sesame fusarium wilt diseased plant rate is 6.67%, disease index is 1.75; Stem point rot diseased plant rate is 10%, disease index is 3.3; Contrast field sesame fusarium wilt diseased plant rate is 16.67%, disease index is 16.7, and stem point rot diseased plant rate is 50%, disease index is 24.17.The control effect of Synthetical prevention technology to sesame fusarium wilt and stem point rot is respectively 85.9% and 89.5%, Be very effective.
In addition, output increased 85.9% under survey product result display prevention and control process, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (6)
1. a method for efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease, is characterized in that, comprise following step:
(1) disease-resistant variety is selected: the disease-resistant improved seeds of resistance to stain selecting to adapt to local ecological condition and cropping system;
(2) superior good farmland is selected: select the farmland that physical features is smooth, surrounding drainage condition is good;
(3) seed pelleting: before sowing, uses the safety bactericide being suitable for sesame to dress seed to seed, dries rear sowing;
(4) begin sowing in good time, rational close planting, crop rotation: when temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C, can sow, adopt ridging or flat to do, 10,000-15, carries out 3-5 crop rotation with gramineous crop by 000 plant/acre;
(5) sprout term disease prevention and control: sesame emerge after 1-2 to true leaf time, when there being fusarium wilt to occur, every mu adopt the study on brassinolide 3000-3500 of 0.01% doubly, NEB 2500-3000 doubly and biocontrol microorganisms bacterium liquid 600-800 doubly spray, after 2-3 week after diseased plant growth recovers to some extent, then spray 0.01% study on brassinolide 3000-3500 doubly.
(6) florescence disease prevention and control: sesame, when initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, adopts the safety chemical bactericide of three groups of low toxicities, low-residual, wide spectrum to combine spraying control, changed one group of spraying once at interval of 10 days, continuously control three times.First time, spraying time carried out when initial bloom stage or the front field of initial bloom stage have and sporadicly gently fall ill strain, and cooperation simultaneously adopts physical control method, pulls out grave illness strain, takes out of outside field and destroy; Meet cloudy weather for several days running weather as worked as, certain stage spray medicine is obstructed, and should fill spray medicament after the rain in time; Sesame growing period, the prevention and control such as worm, grass, stain, drought injury are carried out according to Routine Management technology;
(7) gather in the crops: investigation Tanaka has the sesame plant leaf major part of 75% to come off, and when middle and lower part capsule and seed present physiological ripening look, can gather in the crops in good time.
2. the method for efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, any one seed dressing in when bactericide described in described step (3) is 250g/L Fluoxastrobin, 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder, 25g/L fit happy, dosage accounts for 0.1% ~ 0.3% of seed weight.
3. the method for efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described 250g/L Fluoxastrobin accounts for 0.2% of seed weight, and described 70% thiophanate-methyl accounts for 0.2% of seed weight, accounts for 0.15% of seed weight when described 25 grams per liters are fitted happy.
4. the method for efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), biocontrol microorganisms is bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, and during foliage-spray biocontrol microorganisms, should avoid the direct irradiation of sunshine, the time of spraying should be selected in cloudy, cloudy or dusk.
5. the method for efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (6) when initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, every mu adopts 50% carbendazim 300-500 times and NEB 2500-3000 times, is watered 30kg spraying; Interval 10 days every mu of use 25% Tebuconazole wetting powder 50g and 25% Fluoxastrobin 30-40ml afterwards, is watered 30kg spraying; 50% carbendazim 100g and 25% Tebuconazole wetting powder 50g or 50% prochloraz manganese salt 50g is used at interval after 10 days again, is watered 30kg spraying.
6. the method for efficient Synthetical prevention sesame disease according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, when in described step (6), full-bloom stage sprays medicament, the safety chemical bactericide of described three groups of low toxicities, low-residual, wide spectrum adds 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed atomizing controls respectively, one group is changed, continuously control three times at interval of 10 days.
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| CN107980499A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-04 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test |
| CN108668563A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-10-19 | 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心 | A kind of obducens sesame seed and preparation method |
| CN111777457A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Chemical control topping high-yield composition suitable for sesame growth later stage and application thereof |
| CN114921349A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-19 | 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Sporotrichum phaseolus strain and application thereof in biological control |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104926519A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-23 | 汤海涛 | Sesame seed coating agent |
| CN107980499A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-04 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of method of sesame droop disease resistance field test |
| CN108668563A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-10-19 | 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心 | A kind of obducens sesame seed and preparation method |
| CN111777457A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Chemical control topping high-yield composition suitable for sesame growth later stage and application thereof |
| CN114921349A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-19 | 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Sporotrichum phaseolus strain and application thereof in biological control |
| CN114921349B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-11-24 | 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Eichhornia crassipes strain and application thereof in biological control |
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| CN104206153B (en) | 2016-07-06 |
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