CN108812128A - A method of improving rice quality - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of rice quality is improved, is to be improved with animal wastes, chitin and EM biological inoculum to rice field when rice field is overwintering, rice is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application chitin and EM biological inoculum.In implementation process of the invention, the content of organic matter in earth is increased substantially, multiplication is realized the effect of soil improvement.Seed is impregnated using chitin and EM biological inoculum, physical disinfection effectively can be carried out to seed, and can induce plant and generate resistance-associated protein, disease is reduced and insect pest occurs；And chitin and EM biological inoculum are sprayed, rice can be promoted to absorption of trace elements, to increase paddy mouthfeel, harvested ahead of time, rice quality is promoted, and effectively eliminate the heavy metal remained on rice, rice quality is made to keep superior.

Description

A method of improving rice quality

Technical field

The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical fields, and in particular to a kind of method for improving rice quality.

Technical background

Rice is a kind of edible cereal, and southern china custom is called " paddy " or " millet ", and the grain of shelling is big Rice.Paddy is one of the staple food crop in China, has long plantation history, cultivated area.Rice is not only grain, together When be also used as wine brewing, manufacture maltose raw material.The whole world has the population of half to eat it.Mainly in Asia, south of europe With tropical America and parts of Africa.Agriculture technical staff indicates that the past opposite planting patterns for paying attention to " high yield " plunders soil Taking by force property develops more serious, a large amount of fertilizer residue, but will influence the subsequent vitality in soil.

In recent years, as the development of eating rice production and the people are higher and higher to the quality requirement of rice, start to pay attention to grain quality rice The production of rice, breeders have also brought out a collection of fine quality rice kind, the quality of superior rice, mainly by the branch of inherent cause Match, i.e. the characteristic of kind；But external environment such as weather, soil, fertilizer and cultivation step etc. also has a certain impact.Therefore, good Good cultivation is also the major measure for cultivating high quality paddy.

Meanwhile non-polluted rice is produced by way of " green volume increase ", the quality of rice can be improved, is rely to us The arable land of existence is even more a kind of protection.

During non-polluted rice refers to plantation rice, using natural Planting pattern, nature agro-farming is used completely The rice that method kind comes out.

The growth conditions for planting non-polluted rice is mainly soil, water, free of air pollution, residual.Seed cannot be with turning base Cause and seed dressing.Planting process does not have to any pesticide, chemical fertilizer, can only use biological control and organic farmyard manure.

Non-polluted farm product home environment must be detected through qualified testing agency, irrigation water（Livestock and poultry drink, process Use water）, soil, atmosphere etc. meet national Agricultural product without pollution environmental quality requirement, do not have in 3 kilometer ranges around the place of production Contaminating enterprises, the places of production such as vegetables, tealeaves, fruit should be far from 100 meters of traffic major trunk roads or more；The non-polluted farm product place of production should concentrate In flakes, product is relatively stable, and of certain scale.

The fertilizer that nuisanceless rice uses has to be organic fertilizer, and the soil planted has certain restriction, to have 3 years It all will not hit on some chemical pesticides, so do can completely eliminate presumable heavy metal or toxin in rice, can To achieve the effect that absolutely not to pollute.Along with complete dedicated excellent rice milling machinery equipment, so that it may reach complete perfume, Q, The glutinous and high-quality effect without strange taste.

Non-polluted rice is in accordance with the production standard plantation production and processing of national organic agriculture.Gene is not used in production The biology extremely product that engineering obtains；Without using substances such as chemically synthesized pesticide, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, feed addictives； It follows the course of nature and ecological principle, coordinates the balance of planting industry and aquaculture；Using a series of the advanced of sustainable developments Agricultural technology is to maintain continual and steady mode of agriculture, and the organic paddy rice terminal fruit obtained.It is at present in the world most High-grade, be beneficial to man healthy high quality white rice of surviving.

According to the method described above and regulation produces non-polluted rice, since such-and-such condition limits, makes many places, with And many people can not plant non-polluted rice.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of to provide a kind of completely new raising rice quality present in the above method Method.It specifically includes：Rice field is improved with animal wastes, chitin and EM biological inoculum when rice field is overwintering, rice It is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application chitin and EM biological inoculum.

The chitin is also known as chitin, chitosan, and for chitin as natural polysaccharide, reserves on earth are non- Chang great, in 1,000,000,000 tons of synthetic quantity of nature year or more, chitin is the second largest living resources that cellulose is only second in nature, is had The title of tunicin.Agriculturally, what chitin was usually used in has chitin bio-feritlizer, biological pesticide, plant growth regulating Agent, soil conditioner, agricultural antistaling and antiseptic agent, feed addictive etc..The antibiotic property highly significant of chitin, to Gram-negative Bacterium and most Pseudomonas of gram-positive bacteria have good inhibitory or killing effect.Chitin induces crop to generate multiple resistance substance, It is all effective to the prevention and treatment of the disease as caused by virus, fungi, bacterium etc..It is gone to more importantly being crossed to the prevention and treatment of virosis Past is the problem of plant protection, and very ideal with chitin pesticide control effect.Chitin pesticide uses energy before the onset of crop Obtain optimum efficiency.Using chitin to crop anthrax, epidemic disease, it is withered and yellow wither, the diseases such as root-rot can prevent and directly control.When , can be with outer suppression pesticide (decrement) compatibility, interior anti-outer suppression when plant meets with other multiple diseases and is in a bad way, synergistic effect is most Situation can also obtain satisfied effect.The study found that application can reduce the quantity of the germ in soil on the cotton, and With lasting effect.It can inhibit wheat sharp eyespot with chitin processing wheat seed, in various plants（Beans, tobacco etc.） It is sprayed on blade or injecting chitosan can protect plant not infected by virus.Lai Fan etc. observes the chitosan pair of various concentration The growth of the kind plant pathogenic fungi such as fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, ash arrhizus bacteria, sweet potato soft rot bacterium has certain suppression Production is used, and chitosan can also inhibit the sprouting of ash arrhizus bacteria and sweet potato soft rot bacterium spore.With chitin be mainly at The mixed powder divided can make rice improve 30-40 times to the resistance of toxin, yield increases 13-23% in rice pre-sowing treatment.Tomato The inducible tomato of chitosan is added to the resistance of root rot in seedling seed soaking or spraying chitosan in growth substrate.Cucumber aqueous solution Middle addition chitosan can control the samping off as caused by pythium spp.Commonly using the also less generation insect pest of the crop of chitin.? Insect just hatches into best with chitin pesticidal effects when larva.Chitin has apparent action of contace poison, aphid to various aphids Worm touches 4~12 hours i.e. death after medicine.Maryland, US MG0N0 company is novel for killing using one kind of chitin production Go out the organic agricultural chemicals of nematode, can play the role of desinsection, the pesticide noresidue, the influence to natural enemy is smaller, can be effectively protected Environment and the maintenance ecological balance.Soil Fertilizer Working Station, Beijing applies chitin, lime nitrogen etc. with medicinal function in protecting field Fertilizer largely reduces the dosage of chemical pesticide, has preferable control efficiency to nematodiasis, continuous administration medicine fertilizer is anti- Nematodiasis is controlled, First Year can mitigate disease incidence 40%, and yield increases by 45%, and quality is obviously improved；Second year can reduce hair Sick rate 60%, yield increase by 32%, and microbiota is obviously improved.Chitin can be used as medicinal slow release agent, extend drug effect Time and reduction dosage；Also one layer of semi-permeable membrane can be formed in plant surface, prevent the invasion of harmful organism.Therefore, chitin And its derivative can make the inorganic agent of the seeds such as grain, vegetable crop, excite advance germination of seeds, promote plant growth, improve Disease resistance, to improve crop yield.Chitin is few, low in cost as seed treatment dosage, has no toxic side effect.It utilizes The antibacterial ability of chitin and the effect for improving soil, can be used as jointly soil for chitin and its derivative and some other substance Earth modifying agent.Chitin can promote beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, unwrapping wire after entering soil significantly The hyperplasia of bacterium inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria such as mould, der Pilz.It can make the quantity of actinomyces increase nearly 30 times, chitin It is biodegradable to be converted to good organic fertilizer, for crop absorption utilization, while can effectively improve soil aggregate structure, have Effect improvement soil, improves the living environment of crop, is a kind of multi-functional soil conditioner.

Chitin is agriculturally using also having the following advantages：

1, microorganism beneficial in soil can be made --- actinomyces increase, and make harmful bacteria --- sickle-like bacteria（Fusarium）Etc. subtracting It is few；

2, knot nematodes are eliminated, soil continuous cropping obstacle is reduced；

3, keep Zinc fractions pellet, improve soil aeration, drainage and keeping fertility.Thus promote root development, makes root hair Increase, have additional nutrients and absorb state, promote plant growth, increases yield；

4, the chitosan of plant is activated（Chitinase）Activity；

5, phytoalexin is induced（Phytoalexin）Generation, improve crop disease-resistant power, antimicrbial power, to reduce Pesticide use Amount；

6, increase vegetables and fruits calcium content, crop brittleness can be increased, reduce bitter taste, improve mouthfeel；

7, promote absorption of trace elements to harvest ahead of time to increase crop pol, promote quality, prolong storage period.

Chitin application in agricultural production, not only has stable and significant the effect of increasing income, but also growing way is good, and plant is strong It is strong, photosynthesis enhancing, and positive effect is also shown in terms of resistance, disease and insect resistance.Furthermore crop quality is changed It is kind also to have biggish meaning to raising food value and economic value.Major function is as follows：

1, practical.Chitin is wide to plant adaptability, and compatibility is good, is a kind of excellent to person poultry harmless without any toxicity and side effects Good pure natural ecological preparation.

2, well developed root system.It can promote vegetable seeds advance germination, well developed root system, root hair, kind root, secondary root quantity increase Add.Be plant this, rhizosphere is flourishing, can enhance plant and inhale fertile water absorbing capacity, enhance plant drought lodging tolerance, enhancing is exempted from Epidemic disease power, to reach the purpose of healthy and strong more results.

3, activating rhizosphere state.Chitin sufficiently activating rhizosphere state, enzymatic hydrolysis nutrient molecule it is molten to quickly form soil Liquid enables the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to obtain the sufficiently effective absorption of plant.

4, casing coupling is sturdy.The study found that chitin has the function of adjusting development of plants, shorten stem, it is sturdy vigorous, Be conducive to nutrient and supply fruit to greatest extent, wherein microelement is easy to be absorbed by fruit under the stimulation of chitin, thus Stimulating protein, the formation of amino acid, fundamentally improving quality.

5, sterilizing ability is strong.The alternative seed coat agent of chitin protects seed normal development, using seed storage, reduces kind Subprocessing program, it is economical and practical.Studies have shown that chitin and catabolite have extremely strong bactericidal effect to soil, seed, it can be strong Strong inhibition harmful fungoid mycelia such as downy mildew, cyst bacterium etc..

6, soil is improved.Additive is done using chitin, soil beneficial bacterium such as actinomyces can be made to increase by 1000 times, harmful bacteria Such as sickle-like bacteria and Nemata substantially reduce, and enhancing soil holds fertile ability, fundamentally improves soil, eradicate hardened.Improve soil The earth content of organic matter is convenient for continuous cropping.

7, improve crop quality, increase yield.Chitin can improve crop chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase, furthermore sugared Degree, mouthfeel increase significant.Persticide residue is reduced simultaneously（Below international standard）, can be exported by green channel.

8, fertilizer efficiency is improved.Chitin has extremely strong film forming function, can delay the release of fertilizer element, the forfeiture for reducing nutrient is big It is big to improve fertilizer efficiency, it fundamentally solves the waste of fertilizer in this way, saves fund, protect environment, beneficial to human health.

9, enhance immunocompetence.Chitin is known as " plant vaccine " in South Korea, Japan, it is seen that its work risen to crop With chitin preparation can be such that plants antimicrobial anti-virus ability enhances.Changing plant growth mechanism, enhancing regulating system is immune, from And it ensure that the normal growth and development of plant.

The EM preparation is a kind of abbreviation of micro ecological active bacteria preparation, and EM is by photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and to put The effective microbe living flora that 10 80 multiple-microorganisms of type such as line flora are formed.This product through China Agricultural University, in The more units such as Nanjing soil institute of institute of section, Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute are in national more than 20 a provinces and cities and region test, it was demonstrated that its property Matter is stable, function extensively, plantation, cultivation, in terms of suffer from obvious action.In terms of cultivation, Chinese agriculture Sparetime university is learned by carrying out the culture experiment with EM product to up to a million chickens, up to ten thousand pigs and ox and other animals, sufficiently demonstrate,proves Bright EM product is promoting growth, disease resistance, is improving survival rate, deodorizing sterilizing virus removal, improving quality, production non-harmful product Etc. have apparent effect.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：

A method of rice quality is improved, is in technical solution：It is raw with animal wastes, chitin and EM when rice field is overwintering Object strain improves rice field, and rice is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application chitin and EM biological inoculum.

The described method that rice field is improved when rice field is overwintering and steps are as follows：

（1）Prepare functional organic fertilizer：Animal wastes and chitin are pressed 1000:The ratio of 8-12 is mixed and is stirred It is even to obtain functional organic fertilizer；

（2）Fertilising：Upper functional organic fertilizer is uniformly applied on the face of rice field, the functional organic fertilizer amount of applying is 1000-1500 Kg/acre；

（3）Spray EM biological inoculum：The EM biological inoculum that functional organic fertilizer on the face of rice field equably sprays 5-6% is molten Liquid, the EM biological inoculum amount of spraying are 5-8 kgs/acre；

（4）It ploughs：Conventionally rice field is carried out to turn over rake, and makes functional organic fertilizer, EM biological inoculum and paddy soil It is uniformly mixed；

（5）Adjust soil moisture：Toward the uniform sprinkle clear water in rice field, by the moisture content of paddy soil in 55%-60%；

（6）Fermentation：It is laid with thin film on the face of rice field, sends out EM biological inoculum to paddy soil and functional organic fertilizer Ferment；

（7）It ploughs：When paddy soil surface generates the mycelia of white, film is withdrawn, and turns over rake to rice field progress is secondary；

（8）Secondary fermentation：It is laid with thin film on the face of rice field again after turning over rake, makes EM biological inoculum again to paddy soil and function Energy property organic fertilizer ferments.

The method and steps are as follows that the rice is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application EM biological inoculum：

（1）Breeding：EM biological inoculum, chitin and clean clear water are pressed 5：1：5 ratio, which mixes, is prepared into seed Then rice paddy seed is placed in 8-15 hour of immersion in seed soak by soak；

（2）Vernalization：Seed is pulled out from soak, and conventionally carries out vernalization, when seed there is 70-75% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with After can be seeded in seedling-cultivation plate；

（3）Prepare multifunctional biological agent：According to 10:Chitin is mixed in EM biological inoculum, and stirs by the ratio of 3-5 It is uniform to obtain multifunctional biological agent；

（4）Seedling：After rice paddy seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, the multifunctional biological agent for every other day spraying a 3-5% is molten Liquid, other management conventionally carry out；

（5）Planting process management：After rice seedling is inserted into rice field, the multifunctional biological agent of a 3-5% was sprayed every 7-15 days Solution is changed to spray the multifunctional biological agent solution of a 3-5% every 5-7 days after Rice Heading, until 5 before rice harvesting Its stopping sprays, other water managements conventionally carry out.

The present invention both had the following advantages：

1, method concept proposed by the invention novelty, simple process, easy implementation.

2, in implementation process of the invention, first when rice field is overwintering with animal wastes, chitin and EM biological inoculum pair It is improved in rice field.Soil beneficial bacterium such as actinomyces can be made to increase by 1000 times, harmful bacteria such as sickle-like bacteria and nematode using chitin Class etc. substantially reduces, because chitin is the nutriment of soil beneficial bacterium such as actinomyces, it can promote the breeding of actinomyces simultaneously It induces actinomyces to generate chitinase, so that soil harmful bacteria enhancing soil be inhibited to hold fertile ability, fundamentally improves soil, Eradicate it is hardened, improve soil organic matter content, be convenient for continuous cropping, ecological environment of soil and plant quality are improved, to reach increasing The purpose of production.EM is the effective micro- life formed by 10 80 multiple-microorganisms of type such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycete group Object living flora has apparent effect to deodorizing sterilizing virus removal, improving quality, production non-harmful product etc..And with enough Animal wastes soil is improved, under the action of chitin and EM strain, the content of organic matter in earth can be made significantly The effect of raising, soil improvement, realizes multiplication, and soil fertility is strong, and fertilizer efficiency is long, avoids also may be used while application chemical fertilizer Ensure rice yield stable yields.

3, the present invention is in implementation process, studies have shown that chitin and catabolite have extremely strong sterilization to soil, seed Effect, energy strong inhibition harmful fungoid mycelia such as downy mildew, cyst bacterium etc. impregnate seed using chitin and EM biological inoculum, The alternative seed coat agent of chitin protects seed normal development, and effectively carries out physical disinfection to seed, traditional in addition to avoiding It carries out disinfection using various chemicals to seed when seed impregnates, and can induce the starting of plant resistance to environment stress related protein gene, Plant is set to generate resistance-associated protein.Chitin preparation can make plant generation system resistance body, i.e. certain a part generates resistance, can It induces entire plant and generates resistance.Chitin is sprayed early period in plant harvest, can greatly increase plant resistance to environment stress, disease is greatly reduced Harmful and insect pest occurs, and effectively avoids applied chemistry fungicide and insecticide；Simultaneously because actinomyces mass propagation, chitin For film forming matter, wrapping outside seed or being sprayed on plant leaf surface has the effect of ventilative, water conservation, can promote photosynthesis of plant And the absorption of normal nutrition ingredient；In addition, spray chitin, rice can be promoted to absorption of trace elements, to increase paddy mouthfeel, It harvests ahead of time, promotes rice quality.And EM biological inoculum is sprayed in seedling and Rice Cropping process whole process, it can effectively eliminate residual It stays in the heavy metal on rice, rice quality is made to keep superior.

Specific embodiment

Method of the invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiment.

A method of rice quality is improved, is in technical solution：When rice field is overwintering with animal wastes, chitin and EM biological inoculum improves rice field, and rice carries out pipe from breeding, seedling, planting process application chitin and EM biological inoculum Reason.

Specific embodiment is as follows：

1, the method that rice field is improved when rice field is overwintering and steps are as follows：

（1）Prepare functional organic fertilizer：Animal wastes and chitin are pressed 1000:The ratio of 8-12 is mixed and is stirred It is even to obtain functional organic fertilizer；

（2）Fertilising：Upper functional organic fertilizer is uniformly applied on the face of rice field, the functional organic fertilizer amount of applying is 1000-1500 Kg/acre；

（3）Spray EM biological inoculum：The EM biological inoculum that functional organic fertilizer on the face of rice field equably sprays 5-6% is molten Liquid, the EM biological inoculum amount of spraying are 5-8 kgs/acre；

（4）It ploughs：Conventionally rice field is carried out to turn over rake, and makes functional organic fertilizer, EM biological inoculum and paddy soil It is uniformly mixed；

（5）Adjust soil moisture：Toward the uniform sprinkle clear water in rice field, by the moisture content of paddy soil in 55%-60%；

（6）Fermentation：It is laid with thin film on the face of rice field, sends out EM biological inoculum to paddy soil and functional organic fertilizer Ferment；

（7）It ploughs：When paddy soil surface generates the mycelia of white, film is withdrawn, and turns over rake to rice field progress is secondary；

（8）Secondary fermentation：It is laid with thin film on the face of rice field again after turning over rake, makes EM biological inoculum again to paddy soil and function Energy property organic fertilizer ferments.

2, the method and steps are as follows that rice is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application EM biological inoculum：

（1）Breeding：EM biological inoculum, chitin and clean clear water are pressed 5：1：5 ratio, which mixes, is prepared into seed Then rice paddy seed is placed in 8-15 hour of immersion in seed soak by soak；

（2）Vernalization：Seed is pulled out from soak, and conventionally carries out vernalization, when seed there is 70-75% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with After can be seeded in seedling-cultivation plate；

（3）Prepare multifunctional biological agent：According to 10:Chitin is mixed in EM biological inoculum, and stirs by the ratio of 3-5 It is uniform to obtain multifunctional biological agent；

（4）Seedling：After rice paddy seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, the multifunctional biological agent for every other day spraying a 3-5% is molten Liquid, other management conventionally carry out；

（5）Planting process management：After rice seedling is inserted into rice field, the multifunctional biological agent of a 3-5% was sprayed every 7-15 days Solution is changed to spray the multifunctional biological agent solution of a 3-5% every 5-7 days after Rice Heading, until 5 before rice harvesting Its stopping sprays, other water managements conventionally carry out.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method for improving rice quality, it is characterised in that：When rice field is overwintering with animal wastes, chitin and EM biology Strain improves rice field, and rice is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application chitin and EM biological inoculum；

The described method that rice field is improved when rice field is overwintering and steps are as follows：

（1）Prepare functional organic fertilizer：Animal wastes and chitin are pressed 1000:The ratio of 8-12 is mixed and is stirred It is even to obtain functional organic fertilizer；

（2）Fertilising：Upper functional organic fertilizer is uniformly applied on the face of rice field, the functional organic fertilizer amount of applying is 1000-1500 Kg/acre；

（3）Spray EM biological inoculum：The EM biological inoculum that functional organic fertilizer on the face of rice field equably sprays 5-6% is molten Liquid, the EM biological inoculum amount of spraying are 5-8 kgs/acre；

（4）It ploughs：Conventionally rice field is carried out to turn over rake, and makes functional organic fertilizer, EM biological inoculum and paddy soil It is uniformly mixed；

（5）Adjust soil moisture：Toward the uniform sprinkle clear water in rice field, by the moisture content of paddy soil in 55%-60%；

（6）Fermentation：It is laid with thin film on the face of rice field, sends out EM biological inoculum to paddy soil and functional organic fertilizer Ferment；

（7）It ploughs：When paddy soil surface generates the mycelia of white, film is withdrawn, and turns over rake to rice field progress is secondary；

（8）Secondary fermentation：It is laid with thin film on the face of rice field again after turning over rake, makes EM biological inoculum again to paddy soil and function Energy property organic fertilizer ferments；

The method and steps are as follows that the rice is managed from breeding, seedling, planting process application EM biological inoculum：

（1）Breeding：EM biological inoculum, chitin and clean clear water are pressed 5：1：5 ratio, which mixes, is prepared into seed Then rice paddy seed is placed in 8-15 hour of immersion in seed soak by soak；

（2）Vernalization：Seed is pulled out from soak, and conventionally carries out vernalization, when seed there is 70-75% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with After can be seeded in seedling-cultivation plate；

（3）Prepare multifunctional biological agent：According to 10:Chitin is mixed in EM biological inoculum, and stirs by the ratio of 3-5 It is uniform to obtain multifunctional biological agent；

（4）Seedling：After rice paddy seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, the multifunctional biological agent for every other day spraying a 3-5% is molten Liquid, other management conventionally carry out；

（5）Planting process management：After rice seedling is inserted into rice field, the multifunctional biological agent of a 3-5% was sprayed every 7-15 days Solution is changed to spray the multifunctional biological agent solution of a 3-5% every 5-7 days after Rice Heading, until 5 before rice harvesting Its stopping sprays, other water managements conventionally carry out.