CN113141888A - Quick cutting propagation and seedling raising technology for medicinal vine tripterygium wilfordii twigs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid propagation and seedling raising technology for medicinal liana tripterygium wilfordii twig cuttage, which comprises the steps of establishing a cutting orchard, constructing seedling raising supporting facilities, cutting ears, preparing ears, processing rooting hormones, and managing seedling raising technical processes after cuttage. The female parent of tripterygium wilfordii for providing cutting branches requires good growth vigor and no pest and disease dip-dyeing; the survival rate of one-time cuttage is 96.2 percent, and the nursery percentage of the nursery stock is 93 percent. The seedlings are subjected to cuttage propagation in 8 months in the year, and high-yield planting is performed in the early spring of the next year. As a nursery stock for cuttage and rapid propagation, the root system is developed, the growth is vigorous, the planting survival rate is high, and the one-time planting survival rate in a field is as high as 95 percent.

Description

Quick cutting propagation and seedling raising technology for medicinal vine tripterygium wilfordii twigs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rapid propagation and seedling raising of vine medicinal plant tripterygium wilfordii twig cuttage, in particular to a technology for rapidly raising seedlings by covering an arched shed in a greenhouse with 2-4 months old tripterygium wilfordii twigs.

Background

Tripterygium wilfordii, Celastraceae (Celastraceae), Tripterygium wilfordii hook. f., 2m to 3m higher. The small branches are reddish brown, have edges and corners, and have long round small nodular protrusions and rusty brown villi. The main vein and the lateral vein are slightly raised on both sides of the leaf, and the main vein and the lateral vein are thinned, rusted, brown, short and soft on the vein: the petiole is about 5mm long, and the surface is densely covered by rusty short villi. The flower is small and white, and is a large-shaped conical inflorescence growing from the top or axilla, and the calyx is 5 shallow cleft; petal 5, oval; 5, stamens, which are wider near the base of the filament, are born at the edge of the cup-shaped disc; the ovary is superior, the shape is triangular, the style is short, and the head of the column is shaped. The wing fruit, membranous, tip round or slightly truncated, base round, about 1.5cm long, about 1cm wide, yellow brown, 3 edges, usually with 1 seed in the center. The seeds are slender and linear. The flowering period is 5-6 months. The fruit ripening period is 8-9 months.

Tripterygium wilfordii is a long-standing and widely used traditional Chinese medicine, and one of the important components of Tripterygium wilfordii is Triptolide (TPL). Triptolide is a natural product with multiple biological activities, and is derived from the root of tripterygium wilfordii. In recent companies, in main production areas of tripterygium wilfordii in Yunnan and Sichuan, the tender branches of 2-3 months are sampled and extracted, purified and detected, and the triptolide content in the tender branches of tripterygium wilfordii in 2 months is found to exceed the tripterygium wilfordii root content. Modern research shows that: triptolide has the effects of resisting rheumatoid diseases and cancer, and is a natural active product which is researched in the first-stage anticancer clinical research in the United states and is currently hot. Triptolide is the only effective drug for treating diabetic nephrotic syndrome so far, and various pharmaceutical factories at home and abroad are reporting new drugs with triptolide. Tripterine is a natural product with various biological activities, is derived from the root bark of the Chinese medicinal tripterygium wilfordii, and has the effects of resisting oxidation, rheumatoid diseases, senile dementia and the like.

Through the investigation of wild production places, the rural towns in the mountainous areas of Yunnan have the distribution of wild resources of tripterygium wilfordii, and from 2015 to now, the roots and the stems of tripterygium wilfordii in province and the stems (stumps) reach 5000 tons from Yunnan, the average dry goods is nearly 1200 tons per year, and the Chinese medicinal material purchasing merchants are mainly launched from manufacturers in Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou provinces to local villages through the mining of villagers. The first years have been dominated by dry goods, and the acquisition of fresh roots started from 11 months of 2018 to 3 months of 2019. Due to the fact that a large number of the tripterygium wilfordii are excavated in recent years, the used parts mainly comprise roots, at present, wild resources are fewer and fewer, part of goods sources begin to enter from Burma, and the tripterygium wilfordii resources in Yunnan and surrounding areas are expected to be exhausted after three years. Therefore, establishing a tripterygium wilfordii living gene library, exploring rapid seedling breeding and developing a planting and processing raw material base are imperative.

In terms of tripterygium wilfordii seedling cultivation technology, two main types exist at present, one type is cuttage by using 1-2 year-old branches; the other one is to propagate the root of tripterygium wilfordii in 3 years. The existing companies for cultivating tripterygium wilfordii seedlings adopt the technology. For example, CN 201710172729065, "a method for planting tripterygium wilfordii", cn201810831722.x, "a method for cultivating tripterygium wilfordii", CN2016108903365.0, "a method for cutting and propagating tripterygium forbesii", etc. are all used. The disadvantages of these two methods of growing seedlings are: firstly, the growing period of the branches required by seedling cultivation needs to be more than 1 year, and the rooting time of the branches exceeds 40d, so that the management difficulty of the cutting seedlings is invisibly increased, if the humidity and temperature are not well controlled, the branches are dried or rotten, the seedling outplanting rate cannot be ensured, the planting is influenced, and the economic loss is caused; secondly, root seedling culture is adopted, the roots of the tripterygium wilfordii which is grown for 3 years are used, and wild resources are destroyed while seedlings are developed, so that the principle of ecological orderly utilization is violated; thirdly, the stability of the triptolide content cannot be ensured.

Aiming at the defects of the seedling raising method, the advantages of a planting company are exerted under the guiding concept of circular economy of reasonably utilizing wild resources, developing, utilizing and protecting, strains with triptolide content over two hundred thousand are collected in the production areas of tripterygium wilfordii in Yunnan and surrounding provinces, a living gene bank (a germplasm resource garden) is established, seedling cuttage is carried out by utilizing 2-4 months of tender branches on mother trees in the germplasm resource garden, the seedling raising time is shortened, the seedling outplanting rate is improved, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. This is also an advantage we have to solve the above problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the stability of triptolide content cannot be guaranteed by cutting and cultivating seedlings by using tripterygium wilfordii wild branches at present; the invention discloses a novel method for quickly propagating tripterygium wilfordii seedlings, which has the technical defects of great waste of cutting materials, long seedling culture time, damage to wild resources and the like, and is capable of shortening the seedling culture time, improving the outplanting rate and reducing the seedling culture cost.

The invention mainly comprises the following steps:

1. establishing a cutting orchard: the cutting garden is based on the superior tree selection standard that the triptolide content exceeds more than two hundred thousand and the stress resistance is strong, from Sichuan administrative county; after the branches collected in areas such as Xinping Yunnan, Yumen, Yongren, Dayao, Nanhua, Jingdong, Jiangcheng, Tengchong, Fengqing, Midu and Yongping are subjected to vegetative propagation and cultivation, the branches are cultivated according to the row spacing of 1mx1m plants to build a cutting orchard, the water and fertilizer management is increased, and the female parent of the forest is grown for 2 years.

The technology is adopted to establish the tripterygium wilfordii cutting orchard to provide seedlings cultivated by cutting scion wood, and the principle is as follows: firstly, the content of triptolide as a raw material produced in a provided seedling planting base is ensured to be more than two hundred thousand; secondly, the seedlings planted in the raw material base are ensured to have no plant diseases and insect pests, strong stress resistance and stable female parent superior heredity; thirdly, the high yield and the stable yield of the planting base are ensured, the yield per mu is increased, and the yield and the income are increased.

2. And (3) construction of cuttage supporting facilities: a standard plastic pipe with the model of 25mm is selected on nursery lands with convenient traffic and rich water sources, the width of the plastic film is 10m, the thickness of the plastic film is 0.012mm, and a footing type ventilation sunlight greenhouse is built according to the length of the greenhouse being 30m, the width of the greenhouse being 6m, the height of the greenhouse being 2.4m, the height of the greenhouse being 2.0m and the height of the greenhouse being 1.5 m; selecting a standard shading net with the width of 10m and the shading degree of 90 percent on the greenhouse, planting fixing rods with the height of 4m around the greenhouse, fixing iron wires at the position 40cm higher than the highest position of the greenhouse, paving the shading net on the iron wires, flattening, fixing and compacting to prevent strong wind from blowing away and being damaged; and (5) finishing the construction of the greenhouse. The greenhouse micro-spraying system is selected from a model number of 32LG6.5-15X3, a lighting voltage 2.2kw water pump is used for a lift of 30m-45m, and the lift is selected to be 45 m; the water delivery pipe mainly comprises a main pipe and branch pipes, wherein the main pipe is a black 63mm plastic pipe for a pipeline, the branch pipes are 30mm, and the micro spray heads are square large rotating wheels with the water spray radius of 3.5 m; the high-power LED lamps are arranged in the greenhouse, a 30W bulb is arranged every 2m for light supplement, the illumination time of the nursery stock is prolonged, the photosynthesis of the nursery stock is enhanced, the rapid growth of the nursery stock is promoted, and the high-power LED lamp is used before the dark in the afternoon and in the cloudy days; a small arched shed is built on a seedbed in a greenhouse, and generally steel bar arched rods with the length of 2.2m and the thickness of 6mm are used. The arch film is a white plastic film with the width of 2.2m and the thickness of 0.004 mm.

The technique is adopted for the twig cuttage of the tripterygium wilfordii; the principle is as follows: firstly, the temperature is controlled, particularly the cuttage time of the twig is basically in the early autumn, the outdoor temperature is lower and lower after cuttage, the technology is used for making up the defect of low temperature of outdoor cuttage seedlings, and the average ground temperature is increased by 2-4 ℃; secondly, humidity control, the relative humidity of the space must be ensured to be 70% -90% before the cutting seedlings take roots, and the problem cannot be solved in the open air; thirdly, the survival rate of the seedlings can be guaranteed to be 90% -98% by applying the technology, and the survival rate of the seedlings is 60% -75% by performing twig cuttage by using the conventional technology.

3. Preparing a seedling culture substrate: the seedbed is disinfected before cuttage, 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 2-3% ferrous sulfate solution is generally sprayed, about 5kg of potassium permanganate solution is sprayed per square meter, and cuttage is carried out after 2d-3 d.

4. Cutting the scion wood: in the last ten days of 8 months, the branches grow for 6 months and reach semi-lignification, the branches are cut off by scissors with the thickness of 0.8cm-1.5cm in the morning, the leaves are cut off, the branches are bundled, the branches are wrapped by wet cloth or put into a bucket for moisture preservation and fresh keeping, the branches are transported to a nursery land and cut into the length of 15cm-25cm, the grading treatment is to bundle the scions with the similar thickness and length according to the growth direction, the scions are soaked in 1g of mixed solution prepared by rooting and water adding 500g, the scions are taken out after 3 hours, the scions are inserted into the treated substrate according to the depth of 4cm, and the scions are filled according to the hand after the insertion. After cuttage, watering thoroughly in time, spraying bactericide and immediately covering a small arched shed.

5. And (3) management of the nursery stock: after cuttage, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be more than 75-90%, and the temperature is controlled to be below 25-30 ℃, preferably 28 ℃; in the early stage of cuttage, in order to prevent the cutting slips from being damaged by the mildew, 800 times of thiophanate methyl is sprayed in time on the day of cuttage, and then the thiophanate methyl is sprayed once every 5d-7 d; after 25d of cuttage, more than 95% of the scion strips grow leaves, which is topdressing of leaf surfaces, and 0.2% -0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is generally sprayed once a week to accelerate root growth, ensure the survival rate of the nursery stock, accelerate the root growth and ensure the survival rate of the nursery stock; hardening seedlings before outplanting after the seedlings grow for 4 months and reach the height of 40cm, watering the seedlings in the greenhouse once at 6-7 pm, opening a greenhouse door, closing the greenhouse door at 9 days next time, and repeating for one week; and after 10 days, thoroughly watering, rolling up the greenhouse films on two sides of the greenhouse on the basis of opening the greenhouse door, and repeating the operation steps for 45 days. Rolling up the shading net in the greenhouse at 6 pm, covering a shading facility when 10 days next, hardening off seedlings in full sunlight, repeating the steps for 20 days, completely removing the shading net, and cultivating the seedlings in full sunlight; the nursery stock is standard, the height of the nursery stock is 50cm, the ground diameter is 2cm, each bundle of 100 seedlings needs to be dug by a hoe when the seedlings are lifted.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method realizes the cutting culture of the nursery stock by using the 2-4 months old shoots, and is 8-20 months earlier than the conventional 1-3 years old shoot cutting culture, thereby realizing the scale seedling culture of the tripterygium wilfordii, saving the time for the construction of a raw material base, gaining the market for the development of company projects, and obtaining the benefits more quickly and better; the cutting raw materials are saved, the wild resources are protected, and the ecology is restored; the stability of the triptolide content of the processing raw material is ensured.

In conclusion, the application of the technology is an innovation of the rapid propagation technology of tripterygium wilfordii seedlings and a model for cultivating seedlings of other woody traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and a new way is explored for development and protection of our woody traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated in the following specific embodiments, which do not limit the scope of the invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Example 1

Collecting semi-lignified Tripterygium wilfordii twig with thickness of 0.8-1.5 cm and growth period of 4 months, cutting into 10000 branches according to length of 15cm, bundling according to 100 branches, soaking the base of ear in mixed solution of 1g rooting solution and 200g water, taking out after 1h, and harvesting according to 200 plants/m²Cutting is carried out according to the density of the cutting,after cutting, watering thoroughly, spraying 800 times of liquid methyl thiophanate in time and covering the arched shed. After cuttage, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 75%, the temperature is kept at 25 ℃, after 25 days of cuttage, more than 95% of scion wood grows out leaves, the leaves are topdressed, and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed every week to accelerate the growth of roots, ensure the survival rate of seedlings, accelerate the growth of the roots and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings; hardening seedlings before outplanting after the seedlings grow for 4 months and reach the height of 40cm, watering the seedlings in the greenhouse once at 6 pm, opening a greenhouse door, closing the greenhouse door at 9 days next time, and repeating for one week; and after 10 days, thoroughly watering, rolling up the greenhouse films on two sides of the greenhouse on the basis of opening the greenhouse door, and repeating the operation steps for 45 days. At 6 pm, the shading net in the greenhouse is rolled up, the shading facility is covered for hardening the seedlings in full sunlight when the next day is 10 days, the step is repeated for 20 days, the shading net is completely removed, and the seedlings are cultivated in full sunlight. By the technology, the survival rate of nursery stocks is 92.2 percent, the outplanting rate is 90 percent, 10000 cuttings are cut, and 9000 qualified seedlings can be obtained.

Example 2

Collecting semi-lignified caulis Erycibes twig with thickness of 0.8-1.5 cm and growth period of 4 months, shearing into 10000 branches according to length of 20cm, bundling according to 100 branches, soaking the base of scion in mixed solution of 1g rooting agent and 300g water, taking out after 2h, and collecting according to 200 plants/m²Cutting at a density, watering thoroughly after cutting, spraying 800 times of liquid methyl thiophanate in time and covering the arched shed. After cuttage, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 85%, the temperature is kept at 28 ℃, after 25 days of cuttage, more than 95% of scion wood grows out leaves, the leaves are topdressed, and 0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed every week to accelerate the growth of roots, ensure the survival rate of seedlings, accelerate the growth of the roots and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings; hardening seedlings before outplanting after the seedlings grow for 4 months and reach the height of 40cm, watering the seedlings in the greenhouse once at 6 pm, opening a greenhouse door, closing the greenhouse door at 9 days next time, and repeating for one week; and after 10 days, thoroughly watering, rolling up the greenhouse films on two sides of the greenhouse on the basis of opening the greenhouse door, and repeating the operation steps for 45 days. At 6 pm, the shading net in the greenhouse is rolled up, and at 10 th day, the shading facilities are covered,and (4) carrying out full-sunlight seedling hardening, repeating the step for 20 days, completely removing the shading net, and carrying out full-sunlight seedling cultivation. By the technology, the survival rate of the nursery stock is 95.2 percent, the outplanting rate is 92 percent, 10000 scions are cut, and 9200 qualified seedlings can be obtained.

Example 3

Collecting semi-lignified caulis Erycibes twig with thickness of 0.8-1.5 cm and growth period of 4 months, shearing into 10000 branches according to length of 25cm, bundling according to 100 branches, soaking the base of scion in mixed solution of 1g rooting agent and 500g water, taking out after 3h, and collecting according to 200 plants/m²Cutting at a density, watering thoroughly after cutting, spraying 800 times of liquid methyl thiophanate in time and covering the arched shed. After cuttage, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 85%, the temperature is kept at 38 ℃, after 25 days of cuttage, more than 95% of scion wood grows out leaves, the leaves are topdressed, and 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed once a week to accelerate the growth of roots, ensure the survival rate of seedlings, accelerate the growth of the roots and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings; hardening seedlings before outplanting after the seedlings grow for 4 months and reach the height of 40cm, watering the seedlings in the greenhouse once at 6 pm, opening a greenhouse door, closing the greenhouse door at 9 days next time, and repeating for one week; and after 10 days, thoroughly watering, rolling up the greenhouse films on two sides of the greenhouse on the basis of opening the greenhouse door, and repeating the operation steps for 45 days. At 6 pm, the shading net in the greenhouse is rolled up, the shading facility is covered for hardening the seedlings in full sunlight when the next day is 10 days, the step is repeated for 20 days, the shading net is completely removed, and the seedlings are cultivated in full sunlight. By the technology, the survival rate of the nursery stock is 96.2 percent, the outplanting rate is 93 percent, 10000 scions are cut, and 9300 qualified seedlings can be obtained.

Claims (6)

1. A rapid cuttage propagation and seedling raising technology for medicinal vine tripterygium wilfordii twigs is characterized by comprising the steps of establishing a cutting orchard, constructing seedling raising supporting facilities, cutting the shoots, preparing the shoots, processing rooting hormones and managing and raising seedlings after cuttage. The technical process of the seedling culture comprises the steps of binding 2-4 months old shoots on a tripterygium wilfordii female parent in a cutting garden in a grading manner according to the requirements of cutting thickness and length, placing the shoots in a rooting and water-carrying solution for soaking for a certain time, then taking out and cutting the soaked shoots to a seedling bed in a greenhouse which is treated according to the technical requirements of cutting, carrying out reinforced management according to the standard of outplanting of nursery stocks, and carrying out rapid propagation on the seedlings.

2. The cutting rapid propagation and seedling raising technology for the tender branches of tripterygium wilfordii as the medicinal liana according to claim 1, wherein the establishment of the scion collecting garden is characterized in that Celastraceae (Celastraceae) is utilized, Triptolide (Triptolide) content exceeds more than two hundred thousand excellent tripterygium wilfordii tree selection standards, branches collected in areas such as Sichuan cuisine, Yunnan Xinping, Yumeng, Yongren, Dayao, south China, Jingdong, Jiangcheng, Tengchong, Fengqing, crossing, Yongping and the like are subjected to asexual propagation to cultivate seedlings, and the seedlings are cultivated according to the establishment requirement to establish a garden which can produce seedlings in a large scale and provide scion.

3. The supporting facilities of the cuttage fast propagation and seedling raising technology for the tender branches of tripterygium wilfordii as the medicinal vine according to the claim 1 mainly comprise a plastic greenhouse, a shading facility, spraying, light supplementing, a small shed and the like. The plastic pipe is convenient to traffic, rich in water source and capable of being used for building the plastic sunlight greenhouse, and the plastic pipe is a standard pipe with the model of 20mm-25mm, and the optimal model is 25 mm; the plastic film has a width of 8-10m, preferably 10m, and a thickness of 0.08-0.016 mm, preferably 0.012 mm. Controlling the length to be 20-40 m, the width of the greenhouse to be 6m, the middle height of the greenhouse to be 2.4m, the middle edge height to be 2.0m and the edge height to be 1.5m to build a footing type wind-discharging sunlight greenhouse; selecting a standard shading net with the width of 4-10 m, the optimal width of 10m, the shading degree of 75-90% and the optimal width of 90%, planting fixing rods with the height of 4m around the greenhouse, fixing iron wires at the position 40cm higher than the highest position of the greenhouse, paving the shading net on the iron wires, and flattening, fixing and binding to prevent strong wind from blowing away and damaging; the micro-spraying system of the greenhouse consists of a water pump, a water delivery pipe, a control valve and a micro-nozzle. The model of the water pump is 32LG6.5-15X3, the water pump with the head of 30m-45m and the lighting voltage of 2.2kw is used, and the head of 45m is preferred; the water delivery pipe mainly comprises a main pipe and branch pipes, wherein the main pipe is 50-75 mm in size, the optimal main pipe is 63mm, and the branch pipes are 25-40 mm in size, and the optimal branch pipes are 30 mm; the micro-spray head adopts a square large-runner micro-spray head, and the water spray radius of the micro-spray head is larger and can reach 3m-3.5 m; the light supplement technology is used for installing high-power LED lamps in the greenhouse, and the LED lamps are generally installed at 30W every 2 m. Used before dark in afternoon and in cloudy days; a small arched shed is built on a seedbed in a greenhouse, and generally uses No. 2.2m6 steel bars as arch bars. The arch film is a white plastic film with the width of 2.2m and the thickness of 0.004 mm. The small arched shed has the main functions of warming and moisturizing, reducing watering times, preventing branches from rotting and improving the survival rate of nursery stocks. The average ground temperature is increased by 2-4 ℃ compared with the ground temperature under the natural condition.

4. The preparation and disinfection treatment of the substrate for the rapid propagation and seedling raising by cutting of the tender branches of tripterygium wilfordii as a medicinal vine plant according to claim 1, wherein the soil layer is required to be deep (at least more than 40cm), and preferably loam and sandy soil with high fertility, loose structure and good air permeability are required; the seedbed is disinfected before cuttage, 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 2-3% ferrous sulfate solution is generally sprayed, about 5kg of potassium permanganate solution is sprayed per square meter, and cuttage is carried out after 2d-3 d.

5. The steps of ear picking, ear making, rooting agent treatment, cutting and the like in the cutting process of the rapid propagation and seedling raising technology for the twig cutting of the medicinal vine tripterygium wilfordii according to the claim 1, wherein the time for picking the ear is 7-9 months, and the optimal time is 8 last ten days of month; the growth time of the branches is 2-4 months, and the optimal growth time of the branches is 4 months; the thickness of the cutting wood is 0.8cm-1.5cm, the optimal length is 1cm, the length is 15cm-25cm, and the optimal length is 25 cm; the grading treatment is to bundle the ear strips with similar thickness and length into bundles for standby use according to the growth direction; picking the ear in the shade or in the morning when dew is not dry, putting the ear strips into a bucket, wrapping the ear strips with wet cloth and plastic films, quickly transporting the ear strips to a ear strip processing site, picking the ear strips while preparing the ear, processing the ear strips indoors or outdoors in a cool place, and keeping attention to wind shielding and frequent water spraying in dry and windy weather. Before processing, the ear strips are washed clean by clear water, and the environment and the ear making tool are clean; 1g of soaking concentration solution is used for rooting and benefitingPreparing a mixed solution by 200-500 g of water, preferably preparing the mixed solution by 1g of rooting powder and 500g of water; the soaking time is 1h-3h, preferably 3 h; the soaking length of the base part of the scion is 2cm-4cm, preferably 4 cm; the cutting density is 200 plants/m². The cutting depth is determined by different cutting slips and matrixes, and the general principle is that the cutting is shallow but not deep as long as the cutting slips can be fixed. The cutting depth of the tripterygium wilfordii twig is about 2cm-4 cm. Inserting the processed cutting into the substrate, and compacting by pressing with hands after inserting. After cuttage, watering in time, spraying insecticide and immediately covering a small arched shed.

6. The management steps after cuttage of the medicinal vine tripterygium wilfordii twig rapid propagation seedling raising technology comprise the steps of ear temperature and humidity management, rooting period management, seedling hardening, nursery stock outplanting and the like according to claim 1, and are characterized in that the relative humidity is controlled to be more than 90%, the temperature is controlled to be below 20-30 ℃, preferably 25 ℃, and the ground temperature is controlled to be about 15-30 ℃, preferably 28 ℃; humidity is controlled between 75% and 90%, preferably 90%; in the early stage of cuttage, in order to prevent the cutting slips from being damaged by the mildew, 500 times of 800 times of thiophanate methyl is sprayed in time on the day of cuttage, preferably 800 times of thiophanate methyl, and then the thiophanate methyl is sprayed once every 5-7 days; after 25d of cuttage, more than 95% of the scion grows out of leaves, then, topdressing is carried out on the leaves, and 0.2% -0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed every week generally to accelerate the growth of the root system and ensure the survival rate of the nursery stock, wherein the preferable concentration is 0.5%, the growth of the root system is accelerated and the survival rate of the nursery stock is ensured; 3-5 months, preferably 5 months, after the nursery stock grows to 40cm, hardening the nursery stock before outplanting, watering the nursery stock in the greenhouse once at 5-7 pm, preferably 7 pm, opening the greenhouse door, closing the greenhouse door at 9 days next time, and repeating for one week; after 10 days, watering thoroughly, rolling up the greenhouse films on two sides of the greenhouse on the basis of opening the greenhouse door, and repeating the operation steps; after 45 days, at 6 pm, rolling up the shading net in the greenhouse, covering a shading facility when 10 days next, hardening off the seedlings by using full sunlight, repeating the steps for 20 days, completely removing the shading net, and cultivating the seedlings by using the full sunlight; the standard of nursery-grown seedlings is that the height of the seedlings is 40cm-50cm, preferably 50cm, the ground diameter is 1cm-2cm, preferably 2cm, each bundle of 100 seedlings is dug by a hoe when the seedlings are lifted.