CN114431013A - Planting method of Venus golden apple trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method of a Venus golden apple tree, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The planting method comprises the steps of breeding of rootstocks, grafting of Venus golden apple branches, setting of planting holes, planting, managing, determining the S shape of a central trunk, determining main branches, determining auxiliary branches, and finally performing core picking or short-cut of new tips on the main branches and the auxiliary branches. The method has the advantages that the planting method adjusts the tree shape of the Venus golden apple by adopting the S-shaped shaping technology, has good overall early bearing performance, high yield, stable yield and convenient management, is beneficial to the development of ecologically realizing green circular agriculture, and also has certain sightseeing agriculture industrial characteristics.

Description

Planting method of Venus golden apple trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method of a Venus golden apple tree.

Background

The Venus golden apple is a classification of apples, is yellow, has light yellow pulp, is about 240g in average uniform fruit weight, and can reach 320g in large fruit weight. The apple is oblong, similar to Jinshuai, the average fruit shape index is 0.94, the average soluble solid content is 15.06%, the apple has no sour taste, thick sweet taste, special aromatic smell, 7.6Kg/cm2 of fruit hardness, hard pulp, much fruit juice and good quality, and a part of fruit tops have very obvious bulges. In addition, the Venus golden apple is storage and transportation resistant and has higher economic value. Therefore, the large-area popularization of the plantation of the Venus golden apples is of great help to improve the economic benefit of regional crops.

For the current Venus golden apple planting, the big fruiting tree is mediocre, and the growth of new shoots is slow along with the increase of the tree body age, and the fruiting of short fruit branches and terminal flower buds is the main point. The big branches are softer, and the main lateral branches are easy to cross and overlap in the full bearing period. When trees are grown, special supporting facilities such as columns are required to protect the trees. The defects and shortcomings of the prior art mainly comprise the following points:

1. the early-stage small tree shape is slow in forming and difficult to form early yield.

2. In the early stage, more manpower is required to be invested for branch pulling and trimming management, and labor cost and management cost are increased.

3. The existing high-dry spindle-shaped tree body is too high, and later-period fruit bagging and picking are difficult, so that more manpower and material resources are required to be input, and the management is difficult.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method for planting Venus golden apples, which can solve the aforementioned problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method of a Venus golden apple tree, the planting method adjusts the tree shape of the Venus golden apple tree by adopting an S-shaped shaping technology, has good overall early bearing performance, high yield, stable yield and convenient management, is beneficial to realizing ecological green cycle agriculture, and has certain sightseeing agricultural industrial characteristics.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The embodiment of the application provides a planting method of a Venus golden apple tree, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) stock breeding: selecting excellent stock seedlings with the seedling height of more than 1m, the ground diameter of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots in a stock nursery in the first year, wherein the ground diameter is the diameter of the stock seedlings at a position 10cm away from the ground; selecting semi-vigorous rootstock seedlings without diseases and insect pests for standby in autumn in the current year;

grafting of Venus golden apple branches: selecting a Venus golden apple branch with full branches and full leaf buds in the current year as a scion in autumn, grafting a full healthy bud on the scion at a position 60cm away from the ground and with smooth bark on a stock, and obtaining a grafted Venus golden seedling by adopting T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting;

setting a planting hole: digging planting holes, wherein the plant spacing between the planting holes is 1.3-1.5 m, the row spacing is 2.4-2.6 m, the length, width and depth of the planting holes are (50-60) × (30-40) × (45-55) cm, upright columns are arranged in the planting holes in each row, three iron wires are arranged between the upright columns in each row along the ground direction, and two ends of each iron wire are respectively connected with the upright columns in the same row;

planting: before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of a root system when taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock; inclining the nursery stock by an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in a planting hole along the row direction, enabling the grafting bud to face upward, and filling soil in the hole after the position is well placed; cutting off the rootstock at a position 8-12 cm above a grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with wound healing medicaments;

management: after the scion bud germinates, spraying 0.2-0.4 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1-0.3 wt% of urea solution to accelerate the scion bud to grow upwards; timely pruning the tillering buds of the stock, pinching when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to grow upwards continuously; the above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m;

determining the central stem 'S' type: when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the central trunk is respectively bound up and down into an S shape along the row direction by three iron wires;

determining a main branch: selecting 6-8 main branches with the growing intervals of 25-35 cm on a central trunk at a position 0.5-2.5 m away from the ground, and distributing the main branches on two sides of a tree body in a staggered manner by a bud carving method for main branch cultivation, wherein the minimum distance between the main branches on the two sides of the central trunk is not less than 10 cm; pinching when the extended tip on the main branch grows to 60cm, and binding the extended tip on the iron wires in the row along the row direction;

determining subsidiary branches: selecting a plump bud from the position of each main branch, which is more than about 10cm away from the central trunk, and developing the plump bud into a subsidiary branch; when the minor branches grow to 20cm, pinching each minor branch, and enabling the minor branches to grow along the row direction;

pinching or chopping the new tips on the main branch and the auxiliary branch: when the back of the upper branch is 15cm, carrying out short-cut or tip-twisting treatment to promote the formation of flower buds on the main branch and the subsidiary branch, and culturing partial subsidiary side branches and side buds into fruiting branches (one branch bears two apples) or fruiting branch groups (one branch bears two apples), wherein one branch bears two apples; the method is mainly used for cultivating medium and short fruit branches to bear fruits 2-3 years after the Venus golden apples are planted, and is mainly used for cultivating small fruit branch groups 2-3 years later.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

1. protecting the tree body, good early bearing performance, high yield and stable yield. The advantage that the center stem grows fast in the early stage is utilized, the advantage of the top end is restrained by utilizing the three-dimensional surface result, and the center stem is stable. Fully utilizes the characteristic of the Venus golden top flower bud fruiting, and increases the medium and short branches. Back branches are added, and minor tips are cut or pinched in growing seasons to form bearing branches or branch groups.

2. The tree body keeps moderate and strong, and the production period is prolonged. The tree body has good illumination, few fruit branches are overlapped, the commercial fruits are increased, the color is beautiful, the sizes of the fruits are uniform, the weight of a single fruit is obviously increased by 10-20%, the mature period is consistent, the taste is fragrant, sweet and crisp, and the quality of the fruits can reach more than 90%.

3. The height of the tree is generally controlled to be about 2.5 meters; can effectively reduce the height of the tree and is convenient for bagging and picking. The scale and intensive management are easy, the operation is convenient, the labor and the time are saved, and the liquid medicine is saved by more than 30%. Due to the three-dimensional surface result, the number of overlapped branches is small, the pruning is simplified, the labor is saved, the management cost is reduced, and the yield per mu is more than 4000 jin.

4. The shaping technology creates a new mode of modern orchard mechanized management, and due to the fact that three-dimensional surfaces are used for forming results and the branches are consistent, orchard can be mechanically trimmed, and manual trimming cost is effectively reduced by about 50%.

5. The tree shape is beautiful, the ornamental value is improved, the ecological green circular agriculture and the high-quality development are favorably realized, and the landscape agricultural industry has the characteristics of the sightseeing agricultural industry.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a Venus golden apple tree planted by the planting method of the Venus golden apple tree provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the Venus golden apple tree of the present invention after the use of the japonin.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The embodiment of the application provides a planting method of a Venus golden apple tree, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) stock breeding: selecting excellent stock seedlings with the seedling height of more than 1m, the ground diameter of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots in a stock nursery in the first year, wherein the ground diameter is the diameter of the stock seedlings at a position 10cm away from the ground; selecting semi-vigorous rootstock seedlings without diseases and insect pests for standby in autumn in the current year;

grafting of Venus golden apple branches: selecting a Venus golden apple branch with a full branch and a full leaf bud in the current year as a scion in autumn, grafting a full and strong bud on the scion at a position 60cm away from the ground and with a smooth bark on a stock, and performing T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting on the grafting method to obtain a grafted Venus golden seedling;

setting a planting hole: digging planting holes, wherein the plant spacing between the planting holes is 1.3-1.5 m, the row spacing is 2.4-2.6 m, the length, width and depth of the planting holes are (50-60) × (30-40) × (45-55) cm, upright columns are arranged in the planting holes in each row, three iron wires are arranged between the upright columns in each row along the ground direction, and two ends of each iron wire are respectively connected with the upright columns in the same row;

planting: before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of a root system when taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock; inclining the nursery stock by an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in a planting hole along the row direction, enabling the grafting bud to face upward, and filling soil in the hole after the position is well placed; cutting off the rootstock at a position 8-12 cm above a grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with wound healing medicaments;

management: after the scion bud germinates, spraying 0.2-0.4 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1-0.3 wt% of urea solution to accelerate the scion bud to grow upwards; timely pruning the tillering buds of the stock, pinching when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to grow upwards continuously; the above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m;

determining the central stem 'S' type: when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the central trunk is respectively bound up and down into an S shape along the row direction by three iron wires;

determining a main branch: selecting 6-8 main branches with the growing intervals of 25-35 cm on the central trunk at a position 0.5-2.5 m away from the ground, and distributing the main branches on two sides of the tree body in a staggered manner, wherein the minimum distance between the main branches on the two sides of the central trunk is not less than 10 cm; pinching when the extended tip on the main branch grows to 60cm, and binding the extended tip on the iron wires in the row along the row direction;

determining subsidiary branches: selecting a plump bud from the position of each main branch, which is more than about 10cm away from the central trunk, and developing the plump bud into a subsidiary branch; when the minor branches grow to 20cm, pinching each minor branch, and enabling the minor branches to grow along the row direction;

pinching or chopping the new tips on the main branch and the auxiliary branch: when the back of the upper branch is 10cm, carrying out short-cut or tip-twisting treatment to promote the formation of flower buds on the main branch and the subsidiary branch, and culturing partial subsidiary lateral branches and lateral buds into fruiting branches or fruiting branch groups; the method is mainly used for cultivating medium and short fruit branches to bear fruits 2-3 years after the Venus golden apples are planted, and is mainly used for cultivating small fruit branch groups 2-3 years later.

In some embodiments of the invention, in the above planting method, the stock nursery is provided with a nutrient medium bag for cultivating the stock seedlings.

In some embodiments of the invention, the above planting method, the autumn is autumn time; the scion is a branch subjected to detoxification treatment; the plant spacing between the planting holes is 1.4m, the row spacing is 2.5m, and the length, width and depth of the planting holes are 55 multiplied by 35 multiplied by 50 cm.

In some embodiments of the invention, the planting method is implemented by spraying 0.3 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 wt% of urea solution; the upper part of the grafting opening of the rootstock is cut to be dry at a position of 10 cm.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method, 0.9-1.1 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.24-0.26 kg of compound fertilizer are applied in each planting hole.

In some embodiments of the invention, in the planting method, the callus is calli.

In some embodiments of the invention, in the planting method, when the main branches are determined, the main branches are cultivated by a bud carving method; and when the subsidiary branches are determined, the full buds are developed into the subsidiary branches by a bud carving method or daubing with the daubing element.

In some embodiments of the invention, in the planting method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of Venus golden apple leaf, 600 parts of Venus golden apple branch, 500 parts of sunflower straw, 450 parts of dandelion, 450 parts of sweet wormwood, 800 parts of sheep manure, 1200 parts of chicken manure or pig manure, 450 parts of honeysuckle stem, 30-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 19-21 parts of 5 wt% brown sugar water and 0.17-0.22 part of composite fermentation strain.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method, the organic fertilizer is prepared by:

preparing a mixture: weighing Venus golden apple leaves, Venus golden apple branches, dandelion, sweet wormwood and honeysuckle vines in parts by weight, cutting into short sections of less than 1cm, adding sheep manure and chicken manure, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;

fermentation: dissolving the composite strain in brown sugar water to prepare a bacterial liquid, spraying the bacterial liquid after piling the mixture, controlling the temperature in the pile-fermentation to be 50-55 ℃, continuously fermenting for 14-24 days, and turning the pile once every 8 hours during the fermentation period;

aging: and (3) spreading the fermented material at room temperature, aging and standing for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method, the composite fermentation tubes are mixed proportionally with azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces microflavus.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment aims to provide a method for planting a Venus golden apple tree, which comprises the following steps:

1. and (3) stock breeding: the whole stock is suitable for a semi-arbor stock (virus-free seedling) and has no quarantine pest and disease damage. In the first year, excellent stock seedlings with the height of more than 1m, the ground diameter (10 cm away from the ground) of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots are selected in the stock nursery. The conditional nursery can select a woven bag type nutrient medium bag to cultivate the stock seedlings so as to protect the integrity of root systems during seedling lifting and facilitate quick seedling revival. In autumn (9 months, autumn festival) of the same year, excellent stock seedlings which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests are selected for grafting.

2. The grafting method comprises the following steps: in autumn (9 months autumn), high-quality Venus golden apple branches with full branches and full leaf buds in the same year are selected as scions (preferably detoxified branches). Taking a plump healthy bud on the scion, and grafting at the position 60cm away from the ground of the stock and the smooth part of the bark. The grafting method adopts T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting.

3. Setting a planting hole: digging according to the plant spacing of 1.4m multiplied by the row spacing of 2.5m, the digging length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth: planting holes of 55 × 35 × 50 cm; setting upright columns in each row and laying 3 iron wires; a small amount of organic fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 0.25kg can be spread in the holes.

4. Planting: and before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of the root system as much as possible. And (3) inclining the nursery stock at an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in the planting hole along the row direction, paying attention to the fact that the grafted bud is facing upward, aligning the bud-forming position surface to the upper side, forming an angle of 90 degrees with the ground, and filling soil in the hole after the position is well placed. Cutting the stem 10cm above the grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with medicine such as callosity; the non-germinated grafted bud can be grafted again in the same year.

5. After the scion bud germinates, fertilizer and water management is enhanced (water and fertilizer integrated equipment can be equipped), about 0.3 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 wt% of urea solution can be sprayed, so that the scion bud can accelerate upward growth; and timely shearing off the tillering buds germinated on the rootstock. And (4) when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, pinching, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to continuously grow upwards. The above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m.

6. Determining the central stem 'S' type: when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the central trunk is respectively bound into an S shape by three iron wires.

7. Determining a main branch: 6-8 main branches with proper growing intervals (preferably 25-35 cm, and most preferably 30cm) on the central trunk are selected at a position 0.5-2.5 m away from the ground. The main branch cultivation can be carried out by a bud carving method. The branches are distributed on two sides of the tree body in a staggered mode, and the minimum distance between the main branches on two sides of the central trunk is not less than 10 cm. The branches can be bound by hemp ropes or other tough and soft cloth strips. 60cm long extended tips on the main branches are subjected to pinching, bound on iron wires in the rows along the row direction, and extended in a single shaft as much as possible; a small number of auxiliary culture branches can be left between the main branches.

8. Determining subsidiary branches: a plump bud (engravable bud) is selected on each main branch (more than about 10cm from the central trunk), and develops into a subsidiary branch. When the minor branches grow to 20cm, pinching each minor branch, and keeping the same with the row direction as much as possible.

9. And (4) pinching or truncating the new tips on the main branch and the auxiliary branch. Fully utilizing the branches on the back and the branches 15cm away from the back to cut or twist the tips in time, facilitating the formation of flower buds, and culturing partial auxiliary lateral branches and lateral buds into bearing branches or bearing branch groups; the method is mainly used for cultivating medium and short fruit branches to bear fruits 2-3 years after the Venus golden apples are planted, and is mainly used for cultivating small fruit branch groups 2-3 years later.

Example 2

The embodiment aims to provide a method for planting a Venus golden apple tree, which comprises the following steps:

1. and (3) stock breeding: the whole stock is suitable for a semi-arbor stock (virus-free seedling) and has no quarantine pest and disease damage. In the first year, excellent stock seedlings with the height of more than 1m, the ground diameter (10 cm away from the ground) of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots are selected in the stock nursery. The conditional nursery can select a woven bag type nutrient medium bag to cultivate the stock seedlings so as to protect the integrity of root systems during seedling lifting and facilitate quick seedling revival. In autumn (9 months, autumn festival) of the same year, excellent stock seedlings which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests are selected for grafting.

2. The grafting method comprises the following steps: in autumn (9 months autumn), high-quality Venus golden apple branches with full branches and full leaf buds in the same year are selected as scions (preferably detoxified branches). Taking a plump healthy bud on the scion, and grafting at the position 60cm away from the ground of the stock and the smooth part of the bark. The grafting method adopts T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting.

3. Setting a planting hole: digging according to the plant spacing of 1.3m multiplied by the row spacing of 2.6m, the digging length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth: a planting hole of 50X 40X 45 cm; setting upright columns in each row and laying 3 iron wires; a small amount of organic fertilizer 1.1kg and compound fertilizer 0.25kg can be spread in the holes.

4. Planting: and before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of the root system as much as possible. And (3) inclining the nursery stock by an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in the planting hole along the row direction, paying attention to the fact that the grafted bud is inclined by an angle of 45 degrees, aligning the bud emergence position face to the upper side and forming an angle of 90 degrees with the ground, and filling soil in the hole after the position is well placed. Cutting the stem 10cm above the grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with medicine such as callosity; the non-germinated grafted bud can be grafted again in the same year.

5. After the scion bud germinates, fertilizer and water management is enhanced (water and fertilizer integrated equipment can be equipped), about 0.2 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 wt% of urea solution can be sprayed, so that the scion bud can accelerate upward growth; and timely shearing off the tillering buds germinated on the rootstock. And (4) when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, pinching, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to continuously grow upwards. The above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m.

6. Determining the central stem 'S' type: when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the central trunk is respectively bound into an S shape by three iron wires.

7. Determining a main branch: selecting 6-8 main branches with proper growing intervals on the central trunk at the position 0.5-2.5 m away from the ground. The main branch cultivation can be carried out by a bud carving method. The branches are distributed on two sides of the tree body in a staggered mode, and the minimum distance between the main branches on two sides of the central trunk is not less than 10 cm. The branches can be bound by hemp ropes or other tough and soft cloth strips. 60cm long extended tips on the main branches are subjected to pinching, bound on iron wires in the rows along the row direction, and extended in a single shaft as much as possible; a small number of auxiliary culture branches can be left between the main branches.

8. Determining subsidiary branches: a plump bud (a carved bud) is selected on each main branch (at a position more than about 10cm away from the central trunk), and a subsidiary branch is developed. When the minor branches grow to 20cm, pinching each minor branch, and keeping the same with the row direction as much as possible.

9. And (4) pinching or truncating the new tips on the main branch and the auxiliary branch. Fully utilizes the upper branches on the back, and when the upper branches on the back are 15cm, the cutting or twisting is timely performed, which is favorable for forming flower buds and culturing the flower buds into bearing branches or bearing branch groups. The fruiting of medium and short fruit branches is mainly performed in the early stage, and the fruiting of small fruit branches is mainly performed in the later stage.

Example 3

The embodiment aims to provide a method for planting a Venus golden apple tree, which comprises the following steps:

1. and (3) stock breeding: the whole stock is suitable for a semi-arbor stock (virus-free seedling) and has no quarantine pest and disease damage. In the first year, excellent stock seedlings with the height of more than 1m, the ground diameter (10 cm away from the ground) of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots are selected in the stock nursery. The conditional nursery can select a woven bag type nutrient medium bag to cultivate the stock seedlings so as to protect the integrity of root systems during seedling lifting and facilitate quick seedling revival. In autumn (9 months, autumn festival) of the same year, excellent stock seedlings which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests are selected for grafting.

2. The grafting method comprises the following steps: in autumn (9 months autumn), high-quality Venus golden apple branches with full branches and full leaf buds in the same year are selected as scions (preferably detoxified branches). Taking a plump healthy bud on the scion, and grafting at the position 60cm away from the ground of the stock and the smooth part of the bark. The grafting method adopts T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting.

3. Setting a planting hole: digging according to the plant spacing of 1.5m multiplied by the row spacing of 2.4m, the digging length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth: 60 × 30 × 55 planting holes; setting upright columns in each row and laying 3 iron wires; 0.9kg of small amount of organic fertilizer and 0.24kg of compound fertilizer can be spread in the holes.

4. Planting: and before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of the root system as much as possible. And (3) inclining the nursery stock at an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in the planting hole along the row direction, paying attention to the fact that the grafted bud is facing upward, aligning the bud-forming position surface to the upper side, forming an angle of 90 degrees with the ground, and filling soil in the hole after the position is well placed. Cutting the stem 10cm above the grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with medicine such as callosity; the non-germinated grafted bud can be grafted again in the same year.

5. After the scion bud germinates, fertilizer and water management is enhanced (water and fertilizer integrated equipment can be equipped), about 0.4 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1 wt% of urea solution can be sprayed, so that the scion bud can accelerate upward growth; and timely shearing off the tillering buds germinated on the rootstock. And (4) when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, pinching, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to continuously grow upwards. The above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m.

6. Determining the central stem 'S' type: when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the central trunk is bound into an S shape up and down by three iron wires respectively.

7. Determining a main branch: 6-8 main branches with proper growing intervals (preferably 25-35 cm, and most preferably 30cm) on the central trunk are selected at a position 0.5-2.5 m away from the ground. The main branch cultivation can be carried out by a bud carving method. The branches are distributed on two sides of the tree body in a staggered mode, and the minimum distance between the main branches on two sides of the central trunk is not less than 10 cm. The branches can be bound by hemp ropes or other tough and soft cloth strips. 60cm long extended tips on the main branches are subjected to pinching, bound on iron wires in the rows along the row direction, and extended in a single shaft as much as possible; a small number of auxiliary culture branches can be left between the main branches.

8. Determining subsidiary branches: a plump bud (engravable bud) is selected on each main branch (more than about 10cm from the central trunk), and develops into a subsidiary branch. When the minor branches grow to 20cm, pinching of each minor branch is conducted, and the minor branches are consistent with the row direction as much as possible.

9. And (4) pinching or truncating the new tips on the main branch and the auxiliary branch. Fully utilizing the branches on the back and the branches 15cm away from the back to cut or twist the tips in time, facilitating the formation of flower buds, and culturing partial auxiliary lateral branches and lateral buds into bearing branches or bearing branch groups; the method is mainly used for cultivating medium and short fruit branches to bear fruits 2-3 years after the Venus golden apples are planted, and is mainly used for cultivating small fruit branch groups 2-3 years later.

Example 4

This comparative example provides a method of growing a Venus golden apple tree, which differs from example 1 as follows:

the organic fertilizer applied in the planting holes in example 1 is a traditional organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure).

The organic fertilizer applied in the planting holes in the comparative example is prepared by the following steps:

preparing a mixture: weighing 400kg of Venus golden apple leaves, 600kg of Venus golden apple branches, 450kg of dandelion, 450kg of sweet wormwood herb and 450kg of honeysuckle rattan, chopping into short blocky materials with the length of less than 1cm, adding 1200kg of sheep manure and 850kg of chicken manure, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; the composite zymophyte is formed by mixing azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces microflavus in equal ratio;

fermentation: mixing 0.22kg of zymocyte and 21kg of brown sugar water (5 wt%) to prepare a bacterial liquid, and pre-activating the bacterial liquid for 6 hours; spraying bacteria liquid after piling the mixture, and fermenting, wherein the temperature in the pile fermentation is controlled to be 50-55 ℃, the continuous fermentation is carried out for 24 days, and the pile turning is carried out once every 8 hours during the fermentation period;

aging: and (3) spreading the fermented material at room temperature, aging and standing for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Example 5

This comparative example provides a method of growing a Venus golden apple tree, which differs from example 1 as follows:

the organic fertilizer applied in the planting holes in the embodiment 1 is a traditional organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure).

The organic fertilizer applied in the planting holes in the comparative example is prepared by the following steps:

preparing a mixture: weighing 500kg of Venus golden apple leaves, 500kg of Venus golden apple branches, 300kg of dandelion, 350kg of sweet wormwood herb and 350kg of honeysuckle rattan, chopping into short blocky materials with the length of less than 1cm, adding 1000kg of sheep manure and 1000kg of chicken manure, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; the composite zymophyte is formed by mixing azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces microflavus in equal ratio;

fermentation: mixing 0.2kg of zymocyte and 20kg of brown sugar water (5 wt%) to prepare a bacterial liquid, and pre-activating the bacterial liquid for 6 hours; spraying bacteria liquid after piling the mixture, and fermenting, wherein the temperature in the pile fermentation is controlled to be 50-55 ℃, the continuous fermentation is carried out for 21 days, and the pile turning is carried out once every 8 hours during the fermentation period;

aging: and (3) spreading the fermented material at room temperature, aging and standing for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Example 6

This comparative example provides a method of growing a Venus golden apple tree, which differs from example 1 as follows:

the organic fertilizer applied in the planting holes in example 1 is a traditional organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure).

The organic fertilizer applied in the planting holes in the comparative example is prepared by the following steps:

preparing a mixture: weighing 600kg of Venus golden apple leaves, 400kg of Venus golden apple branches, 250kg of dandelion, 250kg of sweet wormwood herb and 250kg of honeysuckle rattan, chopping into short blocky materials with the length of less than 1cm, adding 800kg of sheep manure and 800kg of chicken manure, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; the composite zymophyte is formed by mixing azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces microflavus in equal ratio;

and (3) fermentation: mixing 0.17kg of zymocyte and 19kg of brown sugar water (5 wt%) to prepare a bacterial liquid, and pre-activating the bacterial liquid for 6 hours; spraying bacteria liquid after piling the mixture, and fermenting, wherein the temperature in the pile fermentation is controlled to be 50-55 ℃, the continuous fermentation is carried out for 14 days, and the pile turning is carried out once every 8 hours during the fermentation period;

aging: and (3) spreading the fermented material at room temperature, aging and standing for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

In embodiments 4-6, wiener gold apple leaf and wiener gold apple branch can cyclic utilization earlier stage abandonment wiener gold apple leaf and wiener gold apple branch, reduce processing cost and fertilizer cost, dandelion, sweet wormwood and honeysuckle rattan all have certain antibacterial effect of preventing the plant diseases and insect pests in addition, can the targeted reduction of wiener gold apple root plant diseases and insect pests, reduce the application of chemical insecticide, whole more green, the apple taste is promoted from raw materials source.

In addition, in order to further improve the fertilizer efficiency and ensure comprehensive nutrition of the fruit trees, a proper amount of sunflower straws, pig manure, calcium superphosphate and the like can be added into the organic fertilizer. The addition amount can refer to the following weight portion: 600 parts of Venus golden apple leaf, 400 parts of Venus golden apple branch, 600 parts of sunflower (straw), 450 parts of dandelion, 450 parts of sweet wormwood, 800 parts of sheep manure, 1200 parts of chicken (pig) manure, 450 parts of honeysuckle stem, 30-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 19-21 parts of 5 wt% brown sugar water and 0.17-0.22 part of composite fermentation strain. The organic fertilizer is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is prepared from sunflower straws, wherein the ecological chicken manure (sea bird manure or direct pig manure is replaced by the chicken manure, antibiotics, artificial hormones and heavy metals do not exceed the standard, meanwhile, the whole organic fertilizer does not contain any prohibited chemicals, and the effect is better if the sunflower straws are high-potassium-content straws.

In addition, the main and lateral branches can be cultured by using obliteratin (or generation carved bud). The plant hormone is a plant hormone with a ratio, the main side branch is slightly coated with a cloth dipping liquid medicine to stimulate the side bud to germinate into a middle branch, so that a large amount of results are realized, the effect is superior to that of a general bud carving method (the blue department in figure 2 is the condition after the treatment of the obliquitin), and the obliquitin can be used for replacing the bud carving method under the condition that the condition allows, or the two methods are combined.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example provides a method of growing a Venus golden apple tree, which differs from example 1 as follows:

the embodiment aims to provide a method for planting a Venus golden apple tree, which comprises the following steps:

1. and (3) stock breeding: the whole stock is suitable for a semi-arbor stock (virus-free seedling) and has no quarantine pest and disease damage. In the first year, excellent stock seedlings with the height of more than 1m, the ground diameter (10 cm away from the ground) of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots are selected in the stock nursery. The conditional nursery can select a woven bag type nutrient medium bag to cultivate the stock seedlings so as to protect the integrity of root systems during seedling lifting and facilitate quick seedling revival. And (3) selecting excellent stock seedlings which grow vigorously and have no plant diseases and insect pests in autumn (9 months and autumn).

2. The grafting method comprises the following steps: in autumn (9 months autumn), high-quality Venus golden apple branches with full branches and full leaf buds in the same year are selected as scions (preferably detoxified branches). Taking a plump healthy bud on the scion, and grafting at the position 60cm away from the ground of the stock and the smooth part of the bark. The grafting method adopts T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting.

3. Setting a planting hole: digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 50 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 35cm according to the plant spacing of 1.4 multiplied by the row spacing of 2.5 m; setting upright columns in each row and laying 3 iron wires; a small amount of organic fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 0.25kg can be spread in the holes.

4. Planting: and before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of the root system as much as possible. And (3) inclining the nursery stock at an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in the planting hole along the row direction, paying attention to the fact that the grafted bud is facing upward, aligning the bud-forming position surface to the upper side, forming an angle of 90 degrees with the ground, and filling soil in the hole after the position is well placed. Cutting the stem 10cm above the grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with medicine such as callosity; the non-germinated grafted bud can be grafted again in the same year.

5. After the scion bud germinates, fertilizer and water management is enhanced (water and fertilizer integrated equipment can be equipped), about 0.3 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 wt% of urea solution can be sprayed, so that the scion bud can accelerate upward growth; and timely shearing off the tillering buds germinated on the rootstock. And (4) when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, pinching, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to continuously grow upwards. The above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m.

The rest of the management of water, fertilizer, humidity, temperature and the like is consistent with the embodiment 1.

Examples of effects

The Venus golden apple trees are planted according to the planting methods of the Venus golden apple trees provided in the example 1, the example 4 and the comparative example 1, 30 plants are planted in each group, the planting is repeated for 3 times, and after the fruit trees grow to the 6 th year, the situation of the Venus golden apple trees is counted according to the following indexes. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, the tree shape of the wiener gold apple was not adjusted by the "S" shaping technique, the tree height was 3 meters or more, the tree structure was not good, and the amount of the pesticide solution for controlling plant diseases and insect pests was much higher than those of examples 1 and 4 in which the tree shape of the wiener gold apple was adjusted by the "S" shaping technique. In addition, as the tree shape of the Venus golden apple is adjusted by adopting the S-shaped shaping technology, the tree diameter and the mature period are also superior to those of the comparative example 1, and the more the mature period is advanced, the better the market price can be.

The Venus golden apple trees are planted according to the planting methods of the Venus golden apple trees provided in the embodiments 1-6 and the comparative example 1, 30 plants are planted in each group, the planting is repeated for 3 times, and when the fruit trees grow to the 6 th year, the situation of the Venus golden apple trees is counted according to the following indexes. The yields per group are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

In Table 2, the aroma measurement components include 1-hexanol, (E) -2-hexenal, butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, etc. As can be seen from table 2, in the planting method of the wiener gold apple tree provided by the embodiment of the invention, the tree shape of the wiener gold apple is adjusted by adopting the S-type shaping technology, the tree height, the number of middle and short branches, the tree diameter and the like of the wiener gold apple tree can be effectively adjusted, nutrients taken by the tree from soil can be fully transferred to bearing branches to promote fruit formation, and the average single fruit weight and the single fruit yield are remarkably superior to those of the comparative example 1. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the tree shape is adjusted, the whole fruit tree forest can achieve the best illumination, and the taste of the grown apples is better. In addition, due to the fact that the tree shape is optimized and the specific organic fertilizer is used (examples 4-6), soil can be effectively improved, fungal and bacterial diseases can be prevented, the root rot and death of the Venus golden apples can be prevented, and the quality of the apples, such as aroma and the like, can be improved from the source. On the whole, this application embodiment combines "S" formula plastic technique and specific fertilizer for fertilization, pest control and management cost in whole orchard all descend by a wide margin, have very big economic benefits.

In summary, the planting method of the Venus golden apple tree provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

1. protecting the tree body, good early bearing performance, high yield and stable yield. The advantage that the center stem grows fast in the early stage is utilized, the advantage of the top end is restrained by utilizing the three-dimensional surface result, and the center stem is stable. Fully utilizes the characteristic of the Venus golden top flower bud fruiting, and increases the medium and short branches. Back branches are added, and minor tips are cut or pinched in growing seasons to form bearing branches or branch groups.

2. The tree body keeps moderate and strong, and the production period is prolonged. The tree body has good illumination, few fruit branches are overlapped, the commercial fruits are increased, the color is beautiful, the sizes of the fruits are uniform, the weight of a single fruit is obviously increased by 10-20%, the mature period is consistent, the taste is fragrant, sweet and crisp, and the quality of the fruits can reach more than 90%.

3. The height of the tree is generally controlled to be about 2.5 meters; can effectively reduce the height of the tree and is convenient for bagging and picking. The scale and intensive management are easy, the operation is convenient, the labor and the time are saved, and the liquid medicine is saved by more than 30%. Because of three-dimensional surface fruiting, less overlapped branches are obtained, pruning is simplified, labor is saved, and management cost is greatly reduced, the Venus golden apple tree is in an initial fruit period from the planting day for 2 years, the yield per mu in the stage is about 1000 jin above, the yield per mu can reach 1500 jin above in 3 years, the yield per mu is 4000 jin above in 4 years, the yield per mu can reach 8000-9000 jin/mu after growing for 6 years, and the yield is far higher than that of the Venus golden apple trees planted by other methods in the same period.

4. The shaping technology creates a new mode of modern orchard mechanized management, and due to the fact that three-dimensional surfaces are used for forming results and the branches are consistent, orchard can be mechanically trimmed, and manual trimming cost is effectively reduced by about 50%.

5. After the height of the tree is reduced, the wind disaster resistance of the tree body is enhanced; the tree shape is beautiful, the ornamental value is improved, the ecological green circular agriculture is favorably developed, and the landscape agricultural industry characteristic is achieved.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for planting a Venus golden apple tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and (3) stock breeding: selecting excellent stock seedlings with the seedling height of more than 1m, the ground diameter of more than 3.0cm and more than 3 lateral roots in a stock nursery in the first year, wherein the ground diameter is the diameter of the stock seedlings at a position 10cm away from the ground; selecting semi-vigorous rootstock seedlings which grow vigorously and have no plant diseases and insect pests for later use in autumn of the year;

grafting of Venus golden apple branches: selecting a Venus golden apple branch with full branches and full leaf buds in the current year as a scion in autumn, grafting a full healthy bud on the scion at a position 60cm away from the ground and with smooth bark on a stock, and obtaining a grafted Venus golden seedling by adopting T-shaped bud grafting or embedded bud grafting;

setting a planting hole: digging planting holes, wherein the plant spacing between the planting holes is 1.3-1.5 m, the row spacing is 2.4-2.6 m, the length, width and depth of the planting holes are (50-60) × (30-40) × (45-55) cm, upright columns are arranged in the planting holes in each row, three iron wires are arranged between the upright columns in each row along the ground direction, and two ends of each iron wire are respectively connected with the upright columns in the same row;

planting: before sprouting in spring of the next year, taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock by using a seedling lifter, and keeping the integrity of a root system when taking out the whole grafted Venus golden nursery stock; inclining the nursery stock at an angle of 45 degrees, placing the nursery stock in the planting hole along the row direction, enabling the grafting bud to ascend, and filling soil in the hole after the orientation of the grafting bud is well placed; cutting off the rootstock at a position 8-12 cm above a grafting opening, and smearing the cross section with wound healing medicaments;

management: after the scion bud germinates, spraying 0.2-0.4 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1-0.3 wt% of urea solution to accelerate the scion bud to grow upwards; timely pruning the tillering buds of the stock, pinching when the upper side branches of the central trunk grow to 20cm, and only keeping the new tips of the terminal buds to grow upwards continuously; the above steps are repeated in a circulating way, so that the dry height of the center reaches more than 2 m;

determining the central stem 'S' type: when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the central trunk is respectively bound up and down into an S shape along the row direction by three iron wires;

determining a main branch: selecting 6-8 main branches with the growing intervals of 25-35 cm on the central trunk at a position 0.5-2.5 m away from the ground, and distributing the main branches on two sides of the tree body in a staggered manner, wherein the minimum distance between the main branches on the two sides of the central trunk is not less than 10 cm; pinching when the extended tip on the main branch grows to 60cm, and binding the extended tip on the iron wires in the row along the row direction;

determining subsidiary branches: selecting a plump bud from the position of each main branch, which is more than about 10cm away from the central trunk, and developing the plump bud into a subsidiary branch; when the minor branches grow to 20cm, pinching each minor branch, and enabling the minor branches to grow along the row direction;

pinching or chopping the new tips on the main branch and the auxiliary branch: when the back of the upper branch is 15cm, carrying out short-cut or tip-twisting treatment to promote the formation of flower buds on the main branch and the auxiliary branch, and culturing partial auxiliary lateral branches and lateral buds into fruiting branches or fruiting branch groups; the method is mainly used for cultivating medium and short fruit branches to bear fruits 2-3 years after the Venus golden apples are planted, and is mainly used for cultivating small fruit branch groups 2-3 years later.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein a nutrient medium bag for cultivating the stock seedlings is arranged in the stock nursery.

3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the fall is a fall season; the scion is a branch subjected to detoxification treatment; the plant spacing between the planting holes is 1.4m, the row spacing is 2.5m, and the length, width and depth of the planting holes are 55 multiplied by 35 multiplied by 50 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein 0.3 wt% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 wt% of urea solution are sprayed during management; the upper part of the grafting opening of the rootstock is cut to be dry at a position of 10 cm.

5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein 0.9-1.1 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.24-0.26 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each planting hole.

6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the callus drug is callosum.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein when the main branches are determined, the main branches are cultivated by a bud carving method; when the subsidiary branches are determined, the full buds are developed into the subsidiary branches by a bud carving method or daubing branchers.

8. The planting method of claim 5, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of Venus golden apple leaf, 600 parts of Venus golden apple branch, 500 parts of sunflower straw, 450 parts of dandelion, 450 parts of sweet wormwood, 800 parts of sheep manure, 1200 parts of chicken manure or pig manure, 450 parts of honeysuckle stem, 30-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 19-21 parts of 5 wt% brown sugar water and 0.17-0.22 part of composite fermentation strain.

9. The planting method of claim 8, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by:

preparing a mixture: weighing Venus golden apple leaves, Venus golden apple branches, dandelion, sweet wormwood and honeysuckle vines in parts by weight, cutting into short sections of less than 1cm, adding sheep manure and chicken manure, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;

fermentation: dissolving the composite strain in brown sugar water to prepare a bacterial liquid, spraying the bacterial liquid after piling the mixture, controlling the temperature in the pile-fermentation to be 50-55 ℃, continuously fermenting for 14-24 days, and turning the pile once every 8 hours during the fermentation period;

aging: and (3) spreading the fermented material at room temperature, aging and standing for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

10. The planting method of claim 9, wherein the complex fermentation tubes are formed by proportionally mixing azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces microflavus.

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