CN112913488B - Comprehensive method for rapid asexual propagation of peony - Google Patents
Comprehensive method for rapid asexual propagation of peony Download PDFInfo
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- CN112913488B CN112913488B CN202110183398.7A CN202110183398A CN112913488B CN 112913488 B CN112913488 B CN 112913488B CN 202110183398 A CN202110183398 A CN 202110183398A CN 112913488 B CN112913488 B CN 112913488B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/20—Layering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a peony asexual propagation method. The invention discloses a comprehensive method for asexual propagation of peony. The invention comprises the steps of mother plant cultivation, mother plant oblique planting layering, new branch juvenile, new branch transverse constriction/girdling, root promotion, seedling separation, transplanting and the like. The method is characterized in that (1) the propagation efficiency is high, and each branch of the parent plant can propagate 3-4 seedlings; (2) rooting is fast, and seedlings can be transplanted in 3 months; (3) The rooting rate is high, and the rooting rate of the first-stage root and the second-stage root of the seedling can reach 100%; and (4) the root quantity is large, and the root system is developed. The average primary root number is 8.20 per seedling, the average primary root length is 10.22cm, and the average primary root thickness is 1.96mm; (4) The transplanting survival rate is high, and the rooting seedling transplanting survival rate reaches 100%. (5) The technology is simple and easy to operate, special management is not needed after treatment, the materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and no harm is caused to operators.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a asexual propagation method of peony.
Background
Peony is a sub-shrub of the peony group of Paeoniaceae Paeonia, and is a special traditional flower in China. The cultivation history is long, the flowers are large and bright, and the cultivation has the reputation of 'national color and natural fragrance'. The shrubs with fallen leaves are planted, and the shrubs with fallen leaves are planted for two times and three times, and flowers in spring. Besides ornamental, the peony root can be used as a medicine, and the seed can squeeze oil, so the peony root is one of novel woody oil crops. The peony is suitable for being planted in a wide range, and is also planted in various parks, public greenbelts, residential areas and street greenbelts in large-scale special parks with famous places such as Henan Luoyang, shandong lotus, qingdao, shanxi western and the like. The Bozhou Anhui, the copper tomb and the Chongqing river are the main production places of the traditional Chinese medicine "cortex moutan".
The seed seedling is suitable for cultivating peony grafting stocks and medicinal and oily peony seedlings, and the propagation coefficient is high, but the fine variety and ornamental variety are not suitable for sowing and propagation. The fine variety and ornamental variety of peony need asexual reproduction, and the offspring can keep the fine characteristics. Grafting and dividing are the main current asexual propagation methods of peony. The difficulty of the propagation technique of the separated plant is low, and the propagation coefficient is also low. The peony grafting propagation technology has high requirements, usually 2 scions can be cut from each branch of a stock plant, the propagation coefficient is low, and the survival rate is affected by a plurality of factors such as the quality of the stock, the grafting period, the healing of the stock, the operation proficiency of grafting workers, the post-grafting management and the like. Although the plant cutting propagation coefficient is high, the peony cutting difficulty is high, the rooting rate is low, and the rooting time is long; the cutting time and the environment after cutting are regulated and controlled in the cutting process, especially the requirements on the relative air humidity and the cutting matrix humidity are high, and the cutting rooting rate difference among varieties is large; although the layering propagation is low in technical difficulty, the rooting rate is relatively low and the rooting time is long. The peony tissue culture technology is not perfect, and the technical difficulty and the cost are higher. The efficient asexual propagation technology is the basis of the promotion and industrialization of improved varieties of peony.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive technology for asexual propagation of peony with high rooting rate, developed root system, quick seedling formation and higher propagation coefficient, which combines layering and branch promotion, branch juvenile, branch injury and hormone root promotion. The method has the advantages of simple operation, small technical difficulty and low cost, and can effectively overcome the difficulties of large technical operation and maintenance difficulty, high cost, slow rooting and long time consumption in the conventional peony asexual propagation. The technology has strong operability, high efficiency, simple management and low cost, and can remarkably improve the economic benefit of seedling culture.
Aiming at the dilemma faced by peony reproduction in the background technology, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
and (3) parent strain cultivation: in advance of 1 year, the overground parts (i.e. all branches) of the 1-3 year old propagation mother plant are stumping treated after the autumn peony leaves, and winter fertilizer is applied. The neck part of the root of the mother plant in spring of the next year germinates a plurality of new branches, and the conventional management is carried out in growing season. The thin and weak branches are removed from the basal part in autumn in the same year, and only the strong branches without diseases and insect pests are reserved. At this time, the root system of the parent plant grows for 2-4 years, the branch age is only 1 year, and the plant without plant diseases and insect pests is selected, and the seedling is lifted from the bare root.
Oblique planting of mother plants: soil preparation is carried out at least 1 month in advance before planting. The soil is required to be loose and fertile, the organic matters are rich, the drainage is good, the pH is 6.5-7.5, the soil preparation depth is at least 50cm, and the soil pest control is the same as the conventional management measures.
Preparing planting holes: the plant spacing of the planting holes is 50cm multiplied by 100cm, the depth is 30cm, the planting holes are inclined towards one surface of the row spacing, the inclined surface and the horizontal ground have an included angle of 15-20 degrees, and the inclined surface and the horizontal ground preferably have an included angle of 15 degrees, so that the planting holes are arranged in a Chinese character 'pin'.
Mother strain layering:
the root system of the bare-root parent plant is placed on the inclined plane of the planting hole, so that the root system is stretched, the branches of the parent plant are horizontally fixed on the ground by using U-shaped ground nails, planting soil is backfilled layer by layer in the hole, and the planting soil is compacted. Then the loose and fertile planting soil with rich organic matters and good water drainage and pH of 6.5-7.5 is piled up on the ground to form a soil pile with the height of 30cm, and all branches can be covered by the soil pile, and bamboo poles with the diameter of 1-2 branches and the diameter of 1cm are inserted on the soil pile to facilitate ventilation of the branches in the soil pile. When the earth temperature is "diurnal night frozen", namely, the temperature is above 0 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is below 0 ℃ at night, the water is fully filled to facilitate the branches to pass through winter.
Promoting new branch and basal portion to be juvenile:
before germination in spring of the next year, commercial organic fertilizers are spread among each planting row (the fertilizing amount varies according to the selected fertilizers). And (5) after fertilization, watering is combined, and soil is turned over. Along with the rise of the air temperature, 3-4 new branches grow on average on each branch of the parent plant under the hilling pile and gradually stretch out of the soil surface, and the new branches, such as flower buds, need to be removed in time. The hilling heap is reserved so that the base of the new branch remains young. Weed is removed at any time, and daily management is carried out according to the conventional peony growing season.
Treatment of new branch injury:
4-7 months in the same year, and when the area of the new branch and leaf stops increasing, the most preferable area is 6 months in North China and 5 months in south of the river; preferably 7 months in North China and 6 months in south China. Selecting strong new branches without plant diseases and insect pests, raking up a soil culture pile, and making wounds at the position 3-5cm above the base of each branch. Most preferably, the wound is transversely formed by using a self-locking white nylon ribbon (with the length of 150mm and the width of 2.7 mm), and the ribbon is tightly contacted with the branches without gaps; preferably a sharpened blade ring peel ply sterilized with 800 times carbendazim: the girdling length is 2/3 of the circumference of the branch and the wood part is deeply visible. The girdling width is 1.5cm, preferably 1.5cm.
Root promotion treatment of new branches:
cotton balls soaked with the root-stimulating hormone solution are placed at the site of the branch injury for 10 minutes and then removed. The most preferred hormone and concentration is IBA (indolebutyric acid) 1200mg/L, and more preferred IBA500, and most preferred NAA (naphthylacetic acid) 500mg/L. And then restoring the height of the original soil heap, covering all the treated branches again, and compacting moderately to ensure that each branch is in close contact with the soil, and keeping the relative water content of the soil heap to be 60% -80%, so that the branches root easily. Normal field management, and specific measures are the same as those of the conventional peony growing season management.
Separating rooting branches/(seedling):
and (3) in the fall leaf stage, the earth stack is raked off, and a large number of root systems grow on each branch at the binding position of the binding belt or near the girdling position, and the root systems are thick and strong and have primary and secondary roots. Dividing the rooted branches to obtain new seedlings. Is placed in a shade for planting.
Planting seedlings:
the soil preparation requirement is the same as that of mother plant planting. The specification and the plant row spacing of the planting holes are suitable for seedling root systems, planting soil is backfilled in the planting holes, the seedlings are placed in the center of the holes, backfilled layer by layer, and compacted while filling. And finally, piling soil at the neck of the seedling root to facilitate winter. The freezing water is required to be the same as that of the mother plant. Management in the next year growth period is the same as that of the conventional peony seedling management.
Compared with the prior art, the technology has the advantages that (1) the parent strain cultivated by the method is characterized in that the root system is 3-4 years old, and the age of the new branch which is promoted to grow after stumping is 1 year. The parent plant has developed root system, rich nutrient storage and strong water and fertilizer absorption capability; the growth vigor is strong, which is favorable for sprouting more new branches after layering, and each branch layering of the stock plant cultivated by the invention can sprout 3-4 new branches. (2) According to the invention, the new branches generated after layering of the parent strain are subjected to the juvenile, so that the lignification speed of the new branches is reduced, the tender property of the branch tissues is maintained, and the formation and development of Yu Genyuan base are facilitated. (3) The novel method for producing the injury of the branches with the transverse constriction and the girdling of the branches with the 2 branches is most preferably used, the self-locking white binding tape is low in cost and more convenient than screwing iron wires by pliers, the operation is simple and fast, the efficiency is high, the injury to the branches is less, the transverse constriction has nutrition accumulation and rooting promotion effects. The plastic binding belt is used for replacing the common iron wires, so that the defects of damage of the skin layers of the juvenile branches and hand injury of the tails of the screwed iron wires, which are frequently generated when seedlings are lifted, are avoided. (4) In the invention, the rooting rate of the primary root and the secondary root of the branch can reach 100% after the plant root-promoting hormone is treated for 3 months; the root system of the seedling is developed and strong, the average primary root number is 8.20 per branch, the average primary root number is 10.22cm, and the average primary root thickness is 1.96mm; (5) After the branches are treated, the branches are conventionally managed under natural conditions, and no special environmental regulation measures are needed. (6) The invention integrates layering, juvenile, transverse constriction/girdling and root promotion treatment, and has the advantages of high seedling rooting rate, fast rooting, developed root system and large root quantity. The survival rate of the bare root transplanting of the seedling is 100%, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1: mother plant planting hole section and mother plant planting hole plan view
FIG. 2 rooting state after 3 months of the new shoot injury combined root promotion treatment
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
and (3) parent strain cultivation:
(1) In 2018, after the fall of autumn peony leaves, all branches on the 2-year old peony variety 'Xiangyu' are stumping, and then winter fertilizer is applied.
(2) A plurality of new branches germinate at the neck part of the root of the parent plant in spring 2019, and the conventional management is carried out in growing season. The weak branches are removed from the basal part in 9 months in 2019, only the healthy and healthy annual branches without plant diseases and insect pests are reserved, at this time, the root system of the parent plant is 3 years, and the age of the branches is only 1 year.
(3) And selecting a healthy and strong parent plant without plant diseases and insect pests, and taking up seedlings from bare roots.
Oblique planting of mother plants:
(1) Preparing land: and after 7 months in 2019, soil preparation is finished in advance. Loose and fertile soil, rich organic matters, good drainage, pH7.0, deep ploughing for 50cm, and the same general management as the soil pest control.
(2) Preparing planting holes: in 9 months in 2019, the plant row spacing is 50cm multiplied by 100cm, the depth is 30cm, the planting holes are inclined towards one surface of the row spacing, the inclined surface and the horizontal ground form an included angle of 15 degrees, and the planting holes are arranged in a delta shape.
Mother strain layering:
(1) The root system of the bare-root parent plant is placed on the inclined plane of the planting hole, so that the root system is stretched, the branches of the parent plant are horizontally fixed on the ground by using U-shaped ground nails, planting soil is backfilled layer by layer in the hole, and the planting soil is compacted.
(2) The soil is loose, fertile, rich in organic matters and good in drainage, the soil planted at pH7.0 is piled up to be 30cm in height on the ground, and the soil piles covered by all parent plant branches can be planted with 2 bamboo poles with the diameter of 1cm to facilitate ventilation of the branches in the soil piles.
(3) When the earth temperature is "diurnal night frozen", namely, the temperature is above 0 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is below 0 ℃ at night, the water is fully filled to facilitate the branches to pass through winter. Promote new shoots and keep the basal portion young:
(1) Before germination in spring 2020, commercial organic fertilizer is spread among each planting row, and the application amount meets the requirements of the specification. And (5) after fertilization, combining spring irrigation and turning over the soil.
(2) After that, each branch of the parent plant under the soil heap averagely grows 3.5 new branches and gradually stretches out of the soil surface, and the buds on the new branches are removed in time. The hilling pile needs to be reserved so as to be beneficial to keeping the base of the new branch young. Weed is removed at any time, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated regularly.
The base of the new branch is wounded:
(1) Selecting robust and pest-free new branches in the middle and late 6 months of 2020 when the areas of the new branches and leaves stop increasing, and raking up a hilling pile;
(2) Transverse constriction: binding and compacting the parts 4cm above the base of each branch by using a white self-locking nylon ribbon (with the length of 150mm and the width of 2.7 mm); root promotion treatment of new branches:
(1) A cotton ball soaked with IBA1200mg/L solution was placed at the tie-down site and removed after 10 minutes.
(2) And recovering the original soil piles, covering all the treated branches again, and compacting moderately to ensure that each treated branch is in close contact with the soil, and keeping the relative water content of the soil piles to be 60-80%.
(3) And (3) performing normal field management, and periodically preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the specific measures are the same as the conventional peony growth season management measures.
Separating rooting branches/seedlings:
(1) In the late 9 months, the soil-covered piles are taken off, a large number of root systems grow on each branch at the binding position of the binding belt or near the girdling position, the rooting rate is 100%, the root systems are thick, and secondary roots are arranged on each branch. The average number of primary roots is 7.9 pieces/branch, the average root length is 12.6cm, and the average root thickness is 2.2mm.
(2) Cutting the rooted branches with a sharp tool to obtain new seedlings. Is placed in a shade for planting.
Planting seedlings:
(1) The soil preparation requirement is the same as that of mother plant planting; the planting holes are 20cm multiplied by 20cm, and the plant row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 30.
(2) After 5cm of planting soil is backfilled in the planting holes, seedlings are placed in the centers of the holes, backfilled layer by layer and compacted while filling. The root neck of the seedling is piled up with 10cm high soil to facilitate winter.
(3) The freezing water filling requirement is same as that of the mother plant cultivation, and the management of the next-year growth period is same as that of the conventional peony seedling management.
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Example 2:
and (3) parent strain cultivation:
(1) In 2018, after the fall of autumn peony, all branches on the 3-year-old peony variety 'rich and full' land are stumping, and then winter fertilizer is applied.
(2) A plurality of new branches germinate at the neck part of the root of the parent plant in spring 2019, and the conventional management is carried out in growing season. The weak branches are removed from the basal part in 9 months of 2019, only the healthy and healthy annual branches without plant diseases and insect pests are reserved, at this time, the root system of the parent plant is 4 years old, and the branch age is only 1 year.
(3) And selecting a healthy and strong parent plant without plant diseases and insect pests, and taking up seedlings from bare roots.
Oblique planting of mother plants:
(1) Preparing land: and after the soil preparation is finished in advance in the end of 6 months in 2019. Loose and fertile soil, rich organic matters, good drainage, pH7.0, deep ploughing for 50cm, and the same general management as the soil pest control.
(2) Preparing planting holes: in 9 months in 2019, the plant row spacing is 50cm multiplied by 100cm, the depth is 30cm, the planting holes are inclined towards one surface of the row spacing, the inclined surface and the horizontal ground form an included angle of 20 degrees, and the planting holes are arranged in a delta shape.
Mother strain layering:
(1) The root system of the bare-root parent plant is placed on the inclined plane of the planting hole, so that the root system is stretched, the branches of the parent plant are horizontally fixed on the ground by using U-shaped ground nails, planting soil is backfilled layer by layer in the hole, and the planting soil is compacted.
(2) The soil is loose, fertile, rich in organic matters and good in drainage, the soil planted at pH7.0 is piled up to be 30cm in height on the ground, and the soil piles covered by all parent plant branches can be planted with 2 bamboo poles with the diameter of 1cm to facilitate ventilation of the branches in the soil piles.
(3) When the earth temperature is "diurnal night frozen", namely, the temperature is above 0 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is below 0 ℃ at night, the water is fully filled to facilitate the branches to pass through winter. Promote new shoots and keep the basal portion young:
(1) Before germination in spring 2020, commercial organic fertilizer is spread among each planting row, and the application amount meets the requirements of the specification. And (5) after fertilization, combining spring irrigation and turning over the soil.
(2) After that, each branch of the parent plant under the soil heap averagely grows 3 new branches and gradually stretches out of the soil surface, and the buds on the new branches are removed in time. The hilling pile needs to be reserved so as to be beneficial to keeping the base of the new branch young. Weed is removed at any time, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated regularly.
The base of the new branch is wounded:
(1) Selecting robust and pest-free new branches in the middle and upper 6 th of 2020 when the areas of the new branches and leaves stop increasing, and raking up a hilling pile;
(2) Transverse constriction: binding and compacting the parts 4cm above the base of each branch by using a white self-locking nylon ribbon (with the length of 150mm and the width of 2.7 mm);
root promotion treatment of new branches:
(1) A cotton ball soaked with 500mg/L IBA solution was placed at the tie-down site and removed after 10 minutes.
(2) And recovering the original soil piles, covering all the treated branches again, and compacting moderately to ensure that each treated branch is in close contact with the soil, and keeping the relative water content of the soil piles to be 60-80%.
(3) And (3) performing normal field management, and periodically preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, wherein specific measures are the same as conventional peony growth season management measures.
Separating rooting branches/seedlings:
(1) In the middle of 9 months, the soil-covered piles are taken off, a large number of root systems grow on each branch at the binding position of the binding belt or near the girdling position, the rooting rate is 100%, the root systems are thick, and secondary roots are arranged. The average number of primary roots is 7.2 pieces/branch, the average root length is 8.7cm, and the average root thickness is 1.6mm.
(2) Cutting the rooted branches with a sharp tool to obtain new seedlings. Is placed in a shade for planting.
Planting seedlings:
(1) The soil preparation requirement is the same as that of mother plant planting; the planting holes are 20cm multiplied by 20cm, and the plant row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 20cm.
(2) After 5cm of planting soil is backfilled in the planting holes, seedlings are placed in the centers of the holes, backfilled layer by layer and compacted while filling. The root neck of the seedling is piled up with 10cm high soil to facilitate winter.
(3) The freezing water filling requirement is same as that of the mother plant cultivation, and the management of the next-year growth period is same as that of the conventional peony seedling management.
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Example 3:
and (3) parent strain cultivation:
(1) In 2018, after the fall of autumn peony, all branches on the ground of the 2-year old peony variety 'Luoyang hong' are stumping, and then winter fertilizer is applied.
(2) A plurality of new branches germinate at the neck part of the root of the parent plant in spring 2019, and the conventional management is carried out in growing season. The weak branches are removed from the basal part in 9 months of 2019, only the healthy and healthy annual branches without plant diseases and insect pests are reserved, at this time, the root system of the parent plant is 3 years old, and the branch age is only 1 year.
(3) And selecting a healthy and strong parent plant without plant diseases and insect pests, and taking up seedlings from bare roots.
Oblique planting of mother plants:
(1) Preparing land: and after the soil preparation is finished in advance in the end of 6 months in 2019. Loose and fertile soil, rich organic matters, good drainage, pH7.0, deep ploughing for 50cm, and the same general management as the soil pest control.
(2) Preparing planting holes: in 9 months in 2019, the plant row spacing is 50cm multiplied by 100cm, the depth is 30cm, the planting holes are inclined towards one surface of the row spacing, the inclined surface and the horizontal ground form an included angle of 20 degrees, and the planting holes are arranged in a delta shape.
Mother strain layering:
(1) The root system of the bare-root parent plant is placed on the inclined plane of the planting hole, so that the root system is stretched, the branches of the parent plant are horizontally fixed on the ground by using U-shaped ground nails, planting soil is backfilled layer by layer in the hole, and the planting soil is compacted.
(2) The loose and fertile planting soil with rich organic matters and good water drainage is piled up to 40cm in height on the ground at the pH of 7.0, and the planting soil pile covered by all parent plant branches can be piled up, and 2 bamboo poles with the diameter of 1cm are inserted on the soil pile to facilitate ventilation of the branches in the soil pile.
(3) When the earth temperature is "diurnal night frozen", namely, the temperature is above 0 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is below 0 ℃ at night, the water is fully filled to facilitate the branches to pass through winter.
Promote new shoots and keep the basal portion young:
(1) Before germination in spring 2020, commercial organic fertilizer is spread among each planting row, and the application amount meets the requirements of the specification. And (5) after fertilization, combining spring irrigation and turning over the soil.
(2) After that, each branch of the parent plant under the soil heap averagely grows 3 new branches and gradually stretches out of the soil surface, and the buds on the new branches are removed in time. The hilling pile needs to be reserved so as to be beneficial to keeping the base of the new branch young. Weed is removed at any time, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated regularly.
The base of the new branch is wounded:
(1) Selecting robust and pest-free new branches in the middle 6 th year of 2020 when the areas of the new branches and leaves stop increasing, and raking up a hilling pile;
(2) And (3) wound: girdling the branches with a sharp blade which is sterilized by 800 times carbendazim at a position 3cm upwards from the base parts of the branches, wherein the girdling length is 2/3 of the circumference of the branches, the girdling width is 1.0cm, and the depth is visible to xylem;
root promotion treatment of new branches:
(1) Cotton balls soaked with 500mg/L NAA solution were placed at the girdling site and removed after 10 minutes.
(2) And recovering the original soil piles, covering all the treated branches again, and compacting moderately to ensure that each treated branch is in close contact with the soil, and keeping the relative water content of the soil piles to be 60-80%.
(3) And (3) performing normal field management, and periodically preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, wherein specific measures are the same as conventional peony growth season management measures.
Separating rooting branches/seedlings:
(1) In the late 9 months, the soil-covered piles are taken off, a large number of root systems grow on each branch at the binding position of the binding belt or near the girdling position, the rooting rate is 100%, the root systems are thick, and secondary roots are arranged on each branch. The average number of primary roots is 9.5 pieces/branch, the average root length is 9.4cm, and the average root thickness is 2.1mm.
(2) Cutting the rooted branches with a sharp tool to obtain new seedlings. Is placed in a shade for planting.
Planting seedlings:
(1) The soil preparation requirement is the same as that of mother plant planting; the planting holes are 20cm multiplied by 20cm, and the plant row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 20cm.
(2) After 5cm of planting soil is backfilled in the planting holes, seedlings are placed in the centers of the holes, backfilled layer by layer and compacted while filling. The root neck of the seedling is piled up with 10cm high soil to facilitate winter.
(3) The freezing water filling requirement is same as that of the mother plant cultivation, and the management of the next-year growth period is same as that of the conventional peony seedling management.
Claims (3)
1. The comprehensive method for rapid asexual propagation of peony is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, stock plant cultivation
(1) In advance 1 year, after the autumn peony leaves, the overground part of the 1-3 year-old propagation mother plant, namely all branches, are stumping, and winter fertilizer is applied;
(2) Germinating a plurality of new branches on the neck part of the root of the mother plant in the next year, and carrying out conventional management in a growing season; removing the thin and weak branches from the basal part in autumn in the same year, and only keeping the healthy and healthy annual branches without plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the root system of the parent plant is 2-4 years old, and the branch age is only 1 year old;
(3) Selecting a healthy and strong parent plant without plant diseases and insect pests, and lifting seedlings from bare roots;
step two, oblique planting of mother plants
(1) Preparing land: at least 1 month in advance; the requirements are: loose and fertile, rich organic matters, good drainage, pH of 6.5-7.5, deep ploughing of 50cm, and the soil pest control and control are the same as the conventional management measures;
(2) Preparing planting holes: the plant row spacing is 50cm multiplied by 100cm, the depth is 30cm, the planting holes are inclined towards one surface of the row spacing, the included angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal ground is 15-20 degrees, and the planting holes are arranged in a delta shape;
step three, mother plant layering
(1) Obliquely placing the bare root parent plant into a hole, placing a root system on the inclined plane to enable the root system to be stretched, horizontally fixing parent plant branches on the ground by using U-shaped ground nails, backfilling planting soil layer by layer in the hole, and compacting;
(2) The loose and fertile planting soil with rich organic matters and good water drainage and pH of 6.5-7.5 is piled up on the ground to be 30cm in height, and the planting soil pile covered by all parent plant branches can be planted with 1-2 bamboo poles with the diameter of 1cm for ventilation of the branches;
(3) When the soil temperature is 'diurnal night frozen', namely, the temperature is more than 0 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃ at night, the 'frozen water' is filled to facilitate the branches to pass through winter;
step four, promoting new branches and keeping the basal parts young;
(1) Before germination in spring of the next year, applying commercial organic fertilizer between each planting row, wherein the fertilizer is decomposed chicken manure or bacterial fertilizer, and the fertilizer application amount is different according to the selected fertilizer;
after fertilization, watering is combined, and soil is turned over;
(2) After that, each branch of the parent plant under the soil heap is germinated with more than 4 new branches and gradually extends out of the soil surface, and the new branches, such as flower buds, are removed in time; the hilling pile is required to be reserved so as to be beneficial to the maintenance of the young base of the new branch; weed is removed at any time, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled at regular intervals;
step five, creating injury at the base of the new branch
(1) When the area of new branches and leaves stops increasing, selecting robust new branches without plant diseases and insect pests, and raking up a hilling pile 4-7 months in the year;
(2) Lateral constriction injury: binding and compacting the position 3-5cm above the base of each branch by using a self-locking nylon ribbon with the length of 150mm and the width of 2.7 mm;
(3) Girdling wound: the sharpened blade ring after sterilization with 800-fold carbendazim peeled off the layer: girdling length is 2/3 of circumference of the branch and is a deep visible xylem; the girdling width is 1.5cm;
step six, root-promoting treatment of new branches
(1) Cotton balls soaked with rooting promoter are placed at the binding band or girdling part for 10 minutes and then removed: the hormone and concentration is IBA1200mg/L, or IBA500mg/L, or NAA500 mg/L;
(2) Then covering the raked up soil pile again, and compacting moderately to ensure that each treated branch is in close contact with the soil, and keeping the relative water content of the soil pile soil to be 60% -80%;
(3) Normal field management, and periodical pest control, wherein specific measures are the same as conventional peony growth season management measures;
step seven, separating rooting branches/seedlings
(1) After 3 months, the soil-covered pile is raked off, and a large number of root systems grow on each branch at the binding position of the binding belt or near the girdling position, and the root systems are thick and have primary and secondary roots;
(2) Cutting the rooted branches by using a sharp tool to obtain new seedlings; placing in shade for planting;
step eight, seedling planting
(1) The soil preparation requirement is the same as that of mother plant planting; the specification and the row spacing of the planting holes are suitable for seedling root systems;
(2) Backfilling 5cm-10cm of planting soil in the planting holes, placing seedlings in the center of the holes, backfilling layer by layer, and compacting while filling; piling up 10cm high soil piles at the root and neck of the seedling to facilitate winter;
(3) The requirements of the frozen water are the same as that of the mother plant, and the management of the next-year growth period is the same as that of the conventional peony seedling.
2. The method for rapid asexual propagation of peony according to claim 1, wherein the planting holes of the parent plant in the second step are inclined towards one side of the row spacing, the inclined surface and the horizontal ground have an included angle of 15 degrees, and the planting holes are arranged in a delta shape.
3. The comprehensive method for rapid asexual propagation of peony according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the treatment time of the root injury of the branch is a period of vigorous peony growth in one year.
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