CN114982542A - Method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata-phoenix in mountain areas - Google Patents
Method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata-phoenix in mountain areas Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for mixed afforestation of China fir in the mountain areas of stipa arundinacea and Minnan, which comprises the steps of mechanically cutting off stipa glauca and miscellaneous shrubs and the like on the mountain areas of the stipa glauca, and uniformly covering the stipa glauca and the miscellaneous shrubs on the spot; planting Chinese fir at irregular selected points and high density in the gaps of the stipa arundinacea clumps; selecting a special herbicide for fir for nursery of young trees; star interplanting of Phoebe bournei big seedlings in China fir forest gaps 2 years after afforestation; and (5) carrying out intervarietal felling. The invention avoids the atmospheric environmental pollution caused by large-scale mountain opening, land preparation and endangered propagation use of killing chemical agents and mountain land burning, mountain body bare, water, soil and fertilizer loss, soil organic matter and structure destruction, and large amount of beneficial organism killing and forest fire hidden danger, greatly simplifies the afforestation process flow, reduces the labor intensity and afforestation cost, reduces the use amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, effectively protects the forest environment, maintains ecological balance, promotes the growth of forest trees and the rapid recovery and update of festuca arundinacea mountain land plant communities, and has obvious economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest cultivation, in particular to a method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata-phoenix in mountain areas.
Background
The Erianthus arundinaceum Retz is a perennial high, cluster and thermophilic herbaceous plant of Gramineae and saccharum, has the characteristics of developed root system, strong tillering and penetrating power of root and root reproduction, large biological growth amount, vigorous vitality, barren and drought resistance, wide application range and the like, is mostly born in a humid habitat, and grows well on sandy soil of hillside and inter-mountain valley lands with loose and fertile soil. Once the forest land is eroded by the festuca arundinacea, dense flocks are formed, and forest vegetation is difficult to recover.
For years, due to unreasonable development and utilization and the adoption of a construction sequence of easy first and difficult last in forestation, the proportion of the cogongrass mountain land occupying the area of the suitable forest land is continuously increased, the ecological environment is seriously influenced, and the regional economic development is restricted. Along with accelerating the process of accelerating the afforestation of barren mountains in various places, the afforestation of the tall Zebra orchioides is increasingly valued by the competent departments of forestry. Due to the restriction factors of the stipa longissima, afforestation is usually carried out by adopting the modes of full reclamation and land preparation, medicament spraying and burning to smelt mountains. The original vegetation, the surface humus layer and the soil structure are destroyed in the full-tillage soil preparation, so that not only can the water and soil loss of the mountainous region be caused, the ecological environment be influenced, but also the afforestation soil preparation cost and the subsequent fertilizing amount of the nursery stock are increased, meanwhile, the exposed mountainous region soil is easy to harden, the water retention capacity is poor, the surface temperature in summer is high, and the large influence is also caused on the growth of the forest; the spraying agent inevitably kills other plants, a large number of natural enemies of pests and beneficial animals without distinction due to the requirement of being endangered and used in large quantities before and after afforestation, thus not only destroying ecological balance and polluting ecological environment, but also adopting series protection measures for target tree species in construction and increasing construction difficulty and engineering quantity; burning the mountain to burn out a large amount of plants, animals and surface humus layers, destroying the biodiversity, resulting in the decrease of the fertility of the forest land and easily causing forest fires. The construction in the prior art is complex, the cost is high, the influence on the environment is large, the benefit is low, potential safety hazards exist, the progress of the orchard afforestation of the tall arundinacea is slow, and the technology becomes one of bottleneck technologies which must be solved for ecological construction of forestry.
China fir (Cunninghamia lancelata (Lamb.) Hook.) is a subtropical tree species, has developed fibrous roots, strong regeneration capacity, is more loving light, is loving warm, humid, foggy and calm weather environment, is afraid of wind and drought, and grows well on fertile, deep and well-drained acid soil. China fir is the most widely cultivated tree species with fast growth and high economic value in southern areas of China, and plays an important role in forestry construction. The artificial forest in subtropical regions is mainly a fir pure forest, so that the problems of land fertility decline, productivity decline, low economic and ecological benefits, susceptibility to diseases and pests, forest fire invasion and the like are easily caused, and the sustainable development of forestry is seriously influenced.
Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang), which is also called Phoebe mahogany, is distributed in evergreen broad-leaved forest zones of the middle and subtropical zones, and is sandy loam which is fond of warm and shady climates and has deep soil layer, rich soil and good drainage. The phoebe bournei is a special rare and precious tree species in China, is praised as a state wood, and can be widely applied to various building and furniture materials. Because artificial destruction and excessive felling, tree species resources are completely consumed, the research on the artificial forestation technology of the phoebe bournei is vigorously carried out, and the method has great significance for protecting phoebe bournei resources and meeting the demand of people on precious materials.
The Chinese fir-phoebe bournei mixed crossing is widely popularized and applied as a successful afforestation mode. The fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil fertility of forest lands, adjusting microclimate in forests, promoting growth of forest trees, improving quantity and quality of forest products, reducing plant diseases and insect pests and forest fire and the like, and has remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits. At present, the Chinese fir-phoebe bournei mixed forest test research is mainly carried out in China on fir intercropping forest lands and felling lands, and a technical report for constructing the fir-phoebe bournei mixed forest in the Chinese sweetflag mountain region is not seen yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for mixed forestation of China fir in the mountain of the festuca arundinacea and the Minnan, which aims to solve the defects and problems in the prior art for forestation in the mountain of the festuca arundinacea and the China fir-Minnan mixed forestation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata-phoenix in mountain areas, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, mechanically cutting off the stipa glauca and the miscellaneous irrigation on the stipa glauca mountain, and uniformly covering the cut stumps with the stipa glauca and the miscellaneous irrigation on site;
step two, planting fir trees at irregular high-density selected points in the gaps of the tall fescue bush clusters;
thirdly, selecting a special herbicide for the fir for tending the young forest;
step four, interplanting a large phoebe bournei seedling in a star manner in the fir forest gap after 2 years of afforestation;
and fifthly, performing intervarietal felling.
Furthermore, in the first step, the tall cogongrass land refers to the mountain area of the cogongrass which accounts for more than 65% of the total biological quantity of the vegetation in the forest land, and requires a deep and fertile soil layer, and the mountain body has a certain slope;
and/or in the first step, the time for cutting the festuca arundinacea and the miscellaneous irrigation is winter before afforestation.
And/or in the first step, the height of the tall fescue and the felly pile for miscellaneous irrigation is less than 10 cm.
Furthermore, in the second step, the planting density of the Chinese fir is 1.0-1.5 m, and the number of the Chinese fir plants is kept at 444-666 plants/mu.
And/or, in the second step, afforestation is carried out when the new buds do not sprout before the spring.
And/or in the second step, the first-grade fir strong seedlings of 1 year are selected for afforestation, and a direct planting mode is adopted.
Furthermore, in the third step, the selected special fir herbicide is a pinosylvin combination formulation which is efficient and safe, and can inhibit the growth of the cymbopogon flexuosus and the growth of the miscellaneous shrubs in the forest without damaging fir seedlings.
Further, in the third step, the whole plant of the stipa longipes and the miscellaneous shrubs are sprayed once before the growth fast-growing period of the firs trees in the first 8 th month and the second 6 th month of the forestation respectively.
Further, in the fourth step, the large Phoebe bournei seedlings are large qualified container seedlings with the seedling age of more than 3 years and the seedling height of more than 1.5 m; the planting density of the Phoebe bournei seedlings is 40-55 plants/mu.
Further, in the fourth step, the large seedlings of the phoebe bournei are planted and a hole digging afforestation mode is adopted, the hole digging afforestation covers a layer of rotten macular grass and miscellaneous shrub fine and small branches and leaves at root and stump positions during planting, then covers a layer of loose soil, enters winter organic fertilizer application and ridging, and covers the stump parts with the macular grass and the miscellaneous shrub branches and leaves or fir strips which are removed by bud pruning.
Further, in the fifth step, conventional tending is required to be carried out 1-2 years before mixed intercropping and interplanting of the phoebe bournei; when the forest stand is close to the canopy closure, lateral branch pruning and thinning should be carried out on the Chinese fir affecting the growth of the phoebe bournei in time.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention fully utilizes the interaction relation between the ecological function and the species of the biodiversity, carries out the malignant weed control and the ecological site restoration by the method of constructing the fir-Funanmu mixed forest in the tall Zengmao mountain region, avoids the atmospheric environmental pollution, the bare mountain body, the water and the soil caused by large-scale mountain cutting, land preparation, use of killing chemical agents by endangering reproduction and burning of the mountain field in the prior afforestation technology, the method has the advantages of greatly simplifying afforestation process flow, reducing labor intensity and afforestation cost, reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, effectively protecting forest environment, maintaining ecological balance, promoting forest growth and quick recovery and updating of the orchard community of the festuca arundinacea mountain land, along with fertilizer loss, destruction of soil organic matters and structures, killing of a large number of beneficial organisms, hidden danger of forest fire and the like, obvious economic, social and ecological benefits, and wide popularization and application in difficult field afforestation and ecological construction of the festuca arundinacea mountain land.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a forest land vegetation before afforestation of the Festuca arundinacea mountain land provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a forest stand formed in 5 th year of forestation provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of specific embodiments, and other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata-phoenix in mountain areas, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, mechanically cutting off the cogongrass and the miscellaneous irrigation on the mountain land of the cogongrass, and uniformly covering the cogongrass and the miscellaneous irrigation on the felled stump.
Wherein, the biomass of the cogongrass in the cogongrass mountain land is required to account for more than 65 percent of the biological total amount of vegetation in the forest land, the soil layer is deep and fertile, and the mountain body has a certain gradient; the mechanical cutting time is winter before afforestation; the height of the stump is lower than 10 cm.
And step two, planting the fir wood at the irregular selected high density in the gaps of the festuca arundinacea clumps.
The planting density is 1.0-1.5 m of plant spacing, and the number of plants is kept at 444-666 plants/mu; the planting time is when the new bud does not sprout before beginning spring; and (4) afforesting, namely selecting first-grade strong seedlings of 1 year, and adopting a direct planting mode.
And step three, selecting a special herbicide for the fir for nursery of the young forest.
The selected special fir herbicide is a pine and fir composition formulation which is efficient and safe and can inhibit the growth of forest belt grass and other shrubs without damaging fir seedlings;
and respectively carrying out one-time whole-plant pesticide spraying on the stipa longipes and the miscellaneous shrubs before the growth fast-growing period of the fir in the first 8 months and the first 6 months of the next year in the forestation.
And step four, interplanting the phoebe bournei seedlings in star in the fir forest gap after 2 years of afforestation.
Selecting large-sized qualified container seedlings which grow for more than 3 years and are more than 1.5m higher for planting in spring of the next year; the planting density is 40-55 plants/mu;
during planting, the root and stem of the seedling are covered with one layer of rotten imperata grass and miscellaneous irrigated fine branches and leaves, one layer of loose soil is covered, winter fertilizer is applied and earthed up in winter, and the root and stem of the seedling are covered with the imperata grass, the miscellaneous irrigated branches and leaves or trimmed fir strips.
And fifthly, performing intervarietal felling.
Conventional tending is needed 1-2 years before mixed intercropping and interplanting of the phoebe bournei; when the forest stand is close to the canopy closure, lateral branch pruning and thinning should be carried out on the Chinese fir affecting the growth of the phoebe bournei in time.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the stipa arundinacea is a deep-rooted grass seed, the root system is developed, the penetrating power is strong, the formed dense vegetation can effectively improve the soil humidity of the forest land, reduce the surface temperature, improve the soil fertility and the physicochemical property, and can provide excellent site conditions for the planting and the growth of China fir among stipa arundinacea clusters; and the root system between the festuca arundinacea and the fir species has good coordination and complementary relationship in the distribution of soil layer space and the aspect of absorbing nutrient and moisture.
Through mechanical cutting of the lalang grass rhizome and the miscellaneous irrigation, covering of the cut and stump-scratched part and timely spraying of the chemical herbicide special for the fir, the growth of the lalang grass rhizome and the miscellaneous irrigation can be effectively delayed and inhibited, the times of nurturing are reduced, the shading, humid and calm wind environment required by the young period of the fir can be met, necessary illumination conditions can be provided for the arrival of the growth fast-growing period after the root of the fir survives, and the fast-growing characteristic of the fir growth is fully exerted.
By utilizing the fast-growing property of the Chinese fir and combining high-density planting, the canopy closure of the young forest of the Chinese fir can be accelerated, and the competition and growth of the Chinese fir are promoted; meanwhile, the shade-wet environment and loose and fertile soil structure formed by the young Chinese fir forest and the accumulation of a large amount of organic matters such as blighted spot grass, miscellaneous shrub branches and leaves and the like in the surface soil layer provide unique habitat conditions for planting the phoebe bournei in the spaces of the Chinese fir forest. Along with the growth competition among the varieties of the fir and the phoebe bournei is intensified, the forest stand canopy density is continuously improved, the combination of proper tending makes the natural renewal of the festuca arundinacea and the miscellaneous irrigation very difficult, and gradually forms a near-natural plant community structure which takes the fir and the phoebe bournei as a main population and comprises a small amount of the festuca arundinacea, the miscellaneous irrigation and the understory plants.
Examples
The implementation place is Jiangxi province, Poyang county, home, county, transverse river village.
The forest land condition before afforestation is that the thickness of the soil layer of the tall fescue mountain is 60cm, the mountain is fertile, the slope of the mountain is 25 degrees, the tall fescue grass accounts for about 80 percent of the total amount of vegetation organisms in the forest land, and other defective forest trees, miscellaneous irrigation and the like account for about 20 percent. As shown in fig. 1.
The technical scheme is as follows:
firstly, mechanically cutting off the cogongrass, the miscellaneous irrigation and the like on the forest land in winter before forestation, wherein the height of a cut pile is lower than 10cm, the cut cogongrass and the miscellaneous irrigation are uniformly covered on the cut stump, and the cut defective forest trees are intensively stacked on the vacant land around the forestation land; few forests are kept to grow well when cutting off the impurities, and broad-leaved trees have cultivation prospects.
And step two, directly planting 1-year-old strong fir seedlings at the gaps of the stipa orchioides clumps at intervals of 1.0-1.5 m before spring, wherein the number of the seedlings is 450 seedlings per mu.
Step three, before the second growth fast-growing period of the cedar in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the current afforestation, the cedar special herbicide is used for spraying the cogongrass and the miscellaneous shrubs on the whole plant; and in the next year, spraying the pesticide again before the first growth fast-growing period of the Chinese fir in 6 months.
Step four, in spring of 3 year of fir forestation, large-size container seedlings of phoebe bournei which grow for 3 years and are higher than 1.5m are selected to be planted in the fir forest gap in a star-shaped manner, and the number of the seedlings is 55 plants/mu; during planting, the root and the root are covered with one layer of rotten imperata grass and the miscellaneous shrub fine branches and leaves, then covered with one layer of loose soil, and the root are covered with the other layers of the imperata grass, the miscellaneous shrub branches and leaves or the pruned fir strips after winter fertilization and ridging.
Fifthly, performing conventional tending for the phoebe bournei in the first 2 years after mixed interplanting; and 4 years after the fir is forested, the forest stand is gradually closed, and lateral branches of the fir influencing the growth of the phoebe bournei are trimmed.
When the mixed forestation of the Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei is carried out, as a contrast, the pure phoebe bournei forest is constructed by selecting the festuca arundinacea mountain areas with the same site conditions and adopting a full-reclamation land preparation mode.
Through investigation statistics and field observation, in the 5 th year of forestation, the test forests of the fir wood and the phoebe bournei have good growth, the mixed crossing effect is obvious, the forest stand gradually grows and closes, and a near-natural community structure taking the fir wood and the phoebe bournei as main populations is preliminarily formed, as shown in figure 2; the average height of the fir is 5.2m, and the breast diameter is 6.1 cm; the preservation rate of the phoebe bournei is 98 percent, the average tree height is 3.2m, the ground diameter is 3.8cm, the annual average height is 68cm, and the ground diameter is 1.1 cm. The preservation rate of the control Phoebe forest is 89%, the annual average height is 52cm, and the ground diameter is 0.7 cm. By applying the method, the height growth of the fir trees reaches the highest standing index specified by the national industry standard, the preservation rate, the annual average height growth and the diameter growth of the phoebe bournei are respectively improved by 9.2 percent, 23.5 percent and 36.3 percent compared with those of a control forest, the growth of the forest is greatly promoted, and the vegetation of the festuca arundinacea in mountainous regions is quickly recovered.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The method for mixed afforestation of the cunninghamia lanceolata and the phoenix in the mountainous region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, mechanically cutting off the stipa glauca and the miscellaneous irrigation on the stipa glauca mountain, and uniformly covering the cut stumps with the stipa glauca and the miscellaneous irrigation on site;
step two, planting fir trees at irregular high-density selected points in the gaps of the tall fescue bush clusters;
thirdly, selecting a special herbicide for the fir for tending the young forest;
and step four, interplanting the phoebe bournei seedlings in star in the fir forest gap after 2 years of afforestation.
2. The method for mixed afforestation of cedar-phoebe arundinacea in the mountain land according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the biomass of the cedar arundinacea in the mountain land accounts for more than 65% of the total biological quantity of vegetation in the forest land, and the mountain land is required to be deep and fertile in soil layer, and has a certain slope;
and/or in the first step, the time for cutting the festuca arundinacea and the miscellaneous shrubs is the winter before afforestation;
and/or in the first step, the height of the tall fescue and the felly pile for miscellaneous irrigation is less than 10 cm.
3. The method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata and phoenix dactylifera in the mountainous region according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the planting density of the cunninghamia lanceolata is 1.0-1.5 m of plant spacing, and the number of the plants is kept at 444-666 plants/mu;
and/or, in the second step, afforestation is carried out when the new bud is not germinated before beginning spring;
and/or in the second step, the first-grade fir strong seedlings of 1 year are selected for afforestation, and a direct planting mode is adopted.
4. The method for mixed afforestation of the cunninghamia lanceolata and the phoenix dactylifera in the mountainous region according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the special herbicide for the cunninghamia lanceolata is selected to be a pinseofur combination formulation which is efficient and safe, and can inhibit the growth of the cogongrass and the miscellaneous shrubs in the forest without damaging seedlings of the cunninghamia lanceolata.
5. The method for mixed afforestation of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Minnan according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the Maotai and the miscellaneous shrubs are sprayed with the whole pesticide once before the fast growth period of the Cunninghamia lanceolata in the first 8 th and the first 6 th months of the next year of afforestation.
6. The method for mixed afforestation of cunninghamia lanceolata and phoenix dactylifera according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the large seedlings of phoenix dactylifera are selected from large qualified container seedlings with the seedling age of more than 3 years and the seedling height of more than 1.5 m; the planting density of the Phoebe bournei seedlings is 40-55 plants/mu.
7. The method for mixed afforestation of the cedar and the phoebe bournei in the mountainous regions of the zebra, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the large seedlings of the phoebe bournei are planted in a hole digging mode, and the hole digging afforestation is that a layer of rotten zebra grass and miscellaneous shrunken fine branches and leaves are covered at roots and roots during planting, then a layer of loose soil is covered, organic fertilizer and hilling are applied in winter, and the roots and roots are covered with the zebra grass and the miscellaneous shrunken branches and leaves or fir strips removed by bud removal and pruning.
8. The method for mixed afforestation of the cunninghamia lanceolata-phoenix in the alpine region according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the step of five intermediate raising steps, namely, conventional intermediate raising is required to be carried out 1-2 years before mixed interplanting of the phoenix tree and the phoenix; when the forest stand is close to the canopy closure, lateral branch pruning and thinning are carried out on the fir affecting the growth of the phoebe bournei in time.
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