CN111727785A - Method for forecasting initiation period of tobacco bacterial wilt - Google Patents
Method for forecasting initiation period of tobacco bacterial wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727785A CN111727785A CN202010734663.1A CN202010734663A CN111727785A CN 111727785 A CN111727785 A CN 111727785A CN 202010734663 A CN202010734663 A CN 202010734663A CN 111727785 A CN111727785 A CN 111727785A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forecasting the initiation period of tobacco bacterial wilt, which comprises the following steps: when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyuan or Oxford No. 2 on the edge of a tobacco field by 1-2 rows, and taking the tobacco seedlings as early warning observation indication tobacco plants in the starting period of the tobacco bacterial wilt; normally planting main planting variety tobacco seedlings in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed; predicting the period of the local main cultivar tobacco bacterial wilt to be about to occur by observing the time indicating the occurrence of symptoms of the tobacco bacterial wilt; the severity of the local tobacco bacterial wilt is forecasted by measuring the disease index of the indicated tobacco strain. The invention has accurate forecasting effect, indicates that the tobacco plant is easy to plant, manage and observe, and has simple, convenient, reliable and easy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant protection, in particular to a method for forecasting the starting period of tobacco bacterial wilt.
Background
The tobacco bacterial wilt is a systemic disease caused by infection of Laurella of Solanaceae, is a typical vascular bundle disease, leaves are half wilted at the early stage of disease attack, lateral roots of diseased plants are usually blackened and rotten, black strip spots can be seen at stems, the most obvious symptom is withering, the whole plant can die when the disease attack is serious, and great economic loss is caused to tobacco production. The tobacco bacterial wilt causes the yield reduction of tobacco leaves, the quality reduction of the tobacco leaves, the damage of economic benefits of tobacco farmers and the influence on the development of the cigarette industry, and has the characteristics of wide distribution range, high morbidity, high prevention and control difficulty and the like.
At present, the prevention and control of the tobacco bacterial wilt mainly adopt the comprehensive measures of chemical agent prevention and control, reasonable crop rotation, planting of disease-resistant varieties, soil microorganism adjustment and the like, can reduce the loss caused by the harm of the tobacco bacterial wilt to a certain extent, but still can not effectively prevent and control the occurrence of the tobacco bacterial wilt, and particularly can not reduce the loss caused by the tobacco bacterial wilt. The main reasons that the tobacco bacterial wilt is difficult to prevent and treat are that the disease is difficult to find in the initial stage of occurrence, the occurrence period and the disease base number cannot be predicted in time, and the tobacco grower cannot be guided to prevent and treat in time. When the temperature is proper, a plurality of disease centers appear in the field rapidly, and the damage area is further enlarged. Therefore, a simple, reliable and easy-to-operate method for forecasting the onset period of the tobacco bacterial wilt is found, and the method is used for forecasting the occurrence time and the severity of the tobacco bacterial wilt, has wide application space and is also a need for scientifically guiding the prevention and the treatment of the tobacco bacterial wilt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and provides the forecasting method for the tobacco bacterial wilt initiation period, which has the advantages of accurate forecasting effect, easy indication of planting, management and observation of tobacco plants, simple, convenient and reliable method and easy operation.
The invention discloses a method for forecasting the initiation period of tobacco bacterial wilt. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing and raising seedlings of the tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyuan or Oxford No. 2 seeds in a floating seedling raising mode in the seedling raising season, and managing in a standardized way;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyuan or Oxford No. 2 on the edge of a tobacco field by 1-2 rows, and taking the tobacco seedlings as early warning observation indication tobacco plants in the starting period of the tobacco bacterial wilt; tobacco seedlings of main cultivars of Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85, K326 and the like are normally planted in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) and (3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt:
before and after the tobacco plant agglomeration period, disease symptoms of tobacco bacterial wilt of the tobacco plant indicated by tobacco field diseases are observed every 7 days. After the disease occurs, the disease index of bacterial wilt is investigated every 10 days for 6-8 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the following grading statistics:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: occasionally, there is a chlorosis in the stem, or less than one-half of the disease side leaves wither;
and 3, level: the stem part has black streak spots, but the height of the stem part is not more than one half, or one half to two thirds of the diseased side leaves are withered;
and 5, stage: the black streak of the stem part is over one half of the stem height, but does not reach the top of the stem, or more than two thirds of the diseased side leaves wither;
and 7, stage: black strip spots on the stem part reach the top of the stem, or the leaves of the diseased plant are completely withered;
and 9, stage: the diseased plants die basically.
Disease index ∑ Σ [ number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value ]/[ number of total investigated plants × highest grade value ] × 100
Rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)The disease index of the (x +1) th survey.
(4) Prediction of tobacco bacterial wilt occurrence period and severity
The disease index of the tobacco plant (Honghuadajinyuan, Oxford No. 2) is investigated immediately after the tobacco plant is found, observed and indicated to have the tobacco bacterial wilt, and the disease index is investigated every 10 days. And judging the impending severity of the tobacco bacterial wilt through the increase rate of the disease index. The growth rate is more than 10%, and the risk of bacterial wilt occurrence degree is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level occurred; growth rate <5%, low risk level.
The method for forecasting the initiation period of the tobacco bacterial wilt. Wherein: the agronomic characters of Honghuadajinyuan are 110-.
The method for forecasting the initiation period of the tobacco bacterial wilt. Wherein: the agricultural characters of the Oxford No. 2 are 105-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious beneficial effects, and the technical scheme can show that: the invention selects the Honghuadajinyuan or Oxford No. 2 of the tobacco bacterial wilt-sensitive variety as the indication tobacco plant, because compared with the main tobacco cultivar, the emergence period of the bacterial wilt is usually 10-20 days earlier than that of the main cultivar, when the indication observation early warning variety is observed to have bacterial wilt on the tobacco plant, the root system of the tobacco plant is infected by pathogenic bacteria, and the tobacco bacterial wilt on the main cultivar also occurs 10-20 days later. A small amount of early warning tobacco plants for indicating observation are planted in a tobacco field during tobacco transplanting, and the occurrence period and the severity of tobacco bacterial wilt are forecasted by indicating the occurrence period and the disease index of the tobacco bacterial wilt. The field tobacco bacterial wilt occurrence prediction experiment shows that: the method can accurately forecast the occurrence time of the tobacco bacterial wilt and the severity of pathogenic bacteria of the tobacco bacterial wilt, and further guide the medication period of the primary prevention and control of the tobacco bacterial wilt. The method indicates that the tobacco plants are easy to plant, manage and observe, and the prediction method is simple, convenient, reliable and easy to operate, is favorable for scientifically guiding tobacco growers to timely prevent and control the tobacco bacterial wilt, reduces the harm of the tobacco bacterial wilt and ensures the safe production of tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for forecasting the starting period of tobacco bacterial wilt comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing seeds of a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan in a floating seedling mode during seedling raising, performing seedling raising and performing standardized management;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Hongda on the edge of a tobacco field by 1-2 lines, and taking the tobacco seedlings as early warning observation plants in the starting period of the tobacco bacterial wilt; tobacco seedlings of main cultivars of Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85, K326 and the like are normally planted in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) and (3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt:
observing the disease symptoms of tobacco field disease indication tobacco bacterial wilt of the tobacco plant every 7 days before and after the tobacco plant agglomeration period, and recording the disease onset time. After the disease occurs, the disease index of bacterial wilt is investigated every 10 days for 6-8 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the following grading statistics:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: occasionally, there is a chlorosis in the stem, or less than one-half of the disease side leaves wither;
and 3, level: the stem part has black streak spots, but the height of the stem part is not more than one half, or one half to two thirds of the diseased side leaves are withered;
and 5, stage: the black streak of the stem part is over one half of the stem height, but does not reach the top of the stem, or more than two thirds of the diseased side leaves wither;
and 7, stage: black strip spots on the stem part reach the top of the stem, or the leaves of the diseased plant are completely withered;
and 9, stage: the diseased plants die basically.
The disease index ∑ [ number of diseased plants at each level × disease grade value ]/[ number of total investigated plants × highest grade value ] × 100;
rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) prediction of tobacco bacterial wilt occurrence period and severity
The disease index of the tobacco plant (a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety, safflower Honghuadajinyuan) is investigated immediately after the tobacco plant is found, and the disease index is investigated every 10 days. And judging the impending severity of the tobacco bacterial wilt through the increase rate of the disease index. The growth rate is more than 10%, and the risk of bacterial wilt occurrence degree is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level occurred; growth rate <5%, low risk level. The forecast indicating bacterial wilt of tobacco plants is used as a control. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
A method for forecasting the starting period of tobacco bacterial wilt comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing and raising seedlings of the tobacco bacterial wilt disease variety oxford No. 2 seeds in a floating seedling raising mode in the seedling raising period, and managing in a standardized mode;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, the indicated tobacco plant and the main cultivated variety are planted in the tobacco field at the same time, and the tobacco plant normally grows under the field climate condition;
(3) (4) same as example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 indicates the prediction of the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt by infected tobacco plants
The field prediction test result of the occurrence of the tobacco bacterial wilt shows that the indication susceptible tobacco plant treatment group can well predict the occurrence time and the severity of the tobacco bacterial wilt of the main variety, the accuracy rate of the prediction time reaches more than 85 percent, and the accuracy rate of the severity of the rootstock disease reaches more than 84 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for forecasting the starting period of tobacco bacterial wilt comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing and raising seedlings of the tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyuan or Oxford No. 2 seeds in a floating seedling raising mode in the seedling raising season, and managing in a standardized way;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyuan or Oxford No. 2 on the edge of a tobacco field by 1-2 rows, and taking the tobacco seedlings as early warning observation indication tobacco plants in the starting period of the tobacco bacterial wilt; normally planting main planting variety tobacco seedlings in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) and (3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt:
observing the disease symptoms of the tobacco field disease indication tobacco bacterial wilt of the tobacco plant every 7 days before and after the tobacco plant agglomeration period; after the disease occurs, the disease index of bacterial wilt is investigated every 10 days for 6-8 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the following grading statistics:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: occasionally, there is a chlorosis in the stem, or less than one-half of the disease side leaves wither;
and 3, level: the stem part has black streak spots, but the height of the stem part is not more than one half, or one half to two thirds of the diseased side leaves are withered;
and 5, stage: the black streak of the stem part is over one half of the stem height, but does not reach the top of the stem, or more than two thirds of the diseased side leaves wither;
and 7, stage: black strip spots on the stem part reach the top of the stem, or the leaves of the diseased plant are completely withered;
and 9, stage: the diseased plants are basically withered;
disease index = Ʃ [ number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value ]/[ number of total investigated plants × highest grade value ] × 100
Growth rate = (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100%；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) prediction of tobacco bacterial wilt occurrence period and severity
Immediately investigating the disease index of a tobacco plant (a tobacco bacterial wilt susceptible variety, Honghuadajinyuan and Oxford No. 2) after the tobacco plant is found, observed and indicated to have tobacco bacterial wilt, and respectively investigating the disease index every 10 days; judging the impending severity of the tobacco bacterial wilt through the increase rate of the disease index; the growth rate is more than 10%, and the risk of bacterial wilt occurrence degree is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level occurred; growth rate <5%, low risk level.
2. The method for forecasting the onset period of tobacco bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein: the agronomic characters of the Honghuadajinyuan are that the growth period of the field is 110-.
3. The method for forecasting the onset period of tobacco bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein: the agricultural characters of the Oxford No. 2 are 105-.
4. The method for forecasting the onset period of tobacco bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein: the main cultivated species are Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85 and K326 of tobacco seedlings.
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| CN113973630A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-01-28 | 聊城大学 | Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of grapes of sunshine rose variety |
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Cited By (3)
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