CN111727783A - Method for forecasting starting period of alternaria alternata - Google Patents
Method for forecasting starting period of alternaria alternata Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727783A CN111727783A CN202010733613.1A CN202010733613A CN111727783A CN 111727783 A CN111727783 A CN 111727783A CN 202010733613 A CN202010733613 A CN 202010733613A CN 111727783 A CN111727783 A CN 111727783A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forecasting the starting period of alternaria alternate, which comprises the following steps: when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of the alternaria alternata infected variety yellow long neck or NC82 on the edge 1-2 rows of the tobacco field as indication tobacco plants of the alternaria alternata initial stage forecast observation area; the tobacco variety is planted in the current field normally in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed; predicting the period of the local main cultivar tobacco alternaria alternata by observing the time indicating the occurrence of the symptoms of the alternaria alternata on the bottom leaves of the tobacco plants; the occurrence period and the severity of the local tobacco brown spot are forecasted by measuring the disease index of the leaf blade at the bottom of the indicating tobacco plant. The invention can accurately forecast the occurrence time of the alternaria alternate and the severity of germs, and the method is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant protection, in particular to a method for forecasting the starting period of alternaria alternata.
Background
Tobacco brown spot (tobaco brown spot) caused by Alternaria alternata (larvae) (crisps) Keissler) is the most serious leaf disease in the middle and later stages of tobacco growth, which causes the quality of tobacco leaves to be reduced and the baking value to be reduced. The tobacco red spot disease is commonly generated in all tobacco planting areas in China, in recent years, the tobacco red spot disease is seriously damaged and has large potential safety hazard, the disease rate of tobacco leaves can reach 90 percent when the tobacco leaves are serious, the yield and the income of serious disease areas are reduced by more than 50 percent, and the healthy development of the industry is seriously threatened. Under the condition that diseases appear in the field, germs are spread quickly and seriously threaten the production of tobacco, so that the prevention and the treatment of the alternaria alternate are urgent.
For a long time, the production mainly depends on chemical prevention and treatment agents to prevent and treat the tobacco brown spot. For a long time, China mainly depends on medicaments such as thiophanate-methyl, dimethachlon and the like to prevent and treat the alternaria alternate, but the long-term and high-frequency use of the pesticide reduces the prevention effect, causes pathogenic bacteria to have serious drug resistance, obviously reduces the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves, seriously damages the economic benefit of tobacco growers and loses the enthusiasm of tobacco planting. Besides generating wide and high-level drug resistance, the main reasons that the alternaria alternate is difficult to prevent and treat are that the disease is difficult to find in the initial stage of occurrence, the occurrence period and the disease base number cannot be predicted in time, and the tobacco grower cannot be guided to prevent and treat in time. Once the brown spot appears, a large number of conidia can be rapidly generated, the molecular spores can be spread in a large range by wind, a plurality of disease centers can rapidly appear in the field under proper conditions, and the damage area can be further enlarged. Therefore, a simple, reliable and easy-to-operate method for forecasting the starting period of the alternaria alternate is found, and the method is used for forecasting the occurrence time and the severity of the alternaria alternate, has wide application space and is also a need for scientifically guiding the prevention and the treatment of the alternaria alternate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and provide the method for forecasting the starting period of the alternaria alternate, which can accurately forecast the occurrence time and the severity of germs of the alternaria alternate and is simple, convenient and easy to operate.
The invention relates to a method for forecasting the starting period of alternaria alternate. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants:
sowing seeds of the tobacco brown spot disease variety Changqiu yellow and Beika 82(NC82) in a floating seedling mode in seedling raising seasons, raising seedlings and normally managing;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of the alternaria alternata infected variety yellow long neck or NC82 on the edge 1-2 rows of the tobacco field as indication tobacco plants of the alternaria alternata initial stage forecast observation area; tobacco seedlings such as tobacco varieties Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85 or K326 are planted in the tobacco field in other areas normally; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant alternaria alternata:
before and after the bud emergence and topping of the tobacco plant, the period of occurrence of the alternaria leaf spots on the leaf of the tobacco plant bottom foot indicated by tobacco field diseases is observed every 7 days. After the disease is developed, the disease is researched every 7d for 4 weeks continuously, and the disease is classified according to the following leaf disease development area by statistics:
level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;
level 1: the area of the lesion spots accounts for less than 5% of the area of the leaves;
and 3, level: the area of the scab accounts for 6 to 10 percent of the area of the leaf;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 11% -20% of the leaf area;
and 7, stage: the area of the scab accounts for 21-40% of the area of the leaf;
and 9, stage: the area of the lesion spots accounts for more than 41 percent of the area of the leaves;
the disease index of the red star disease is calculated according to the following formula:
rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) forecasting of occurrence period and severity of alternaria alternata
The impending severity of the tobacco brown spot is judged by the increase rate of the disease index. The growth rate is more than 10 percent, and the risk of the occurrence degree of the brown spot is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level for development of brown spot; the growth rate is less than 5%, and the occurrence degree of the brown spot is low and the like risk level.
The method for forecasting the starting period of the alternaria alternata disease. Wherein the basic agronomic characters of the yellow long neck are as follows: the plant height is 140 cm, the number of leaves is 24-30, the field growth period is 105 days, the growth vigor is strong, early spring coldness is feared, early transplantation is not suitable, and the red star disease is easily caused.
The method for forecasting the starting period of the alternaria alternata disease. Wherein the basic agronomic traits of NC 82: the plant height is 140 cm, the number of leaves is 22-23, the field growth period is 112-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious beneficial effects, and the technical scheme can show that: the invention selects the yellow long neck or NC82 which is susceptible to the alternaria alternate as the indication tobacco plant, because the occurrence period of the alternaria alternate on the leaves of the tobacco plant is 7-14 days earlier than that of the main tobacco plant, and when the alternaria alternate on the leaves of the yellow long neck and NC82 is observed, the alternaria alternate on the main tobacco plant also occurs 7-14 days later. A small amount of indication tobacco plants for indication observation are planted in the tobacco field during tobacco transplanting, and the occurrence period and the severity of the alternaria alternate of the main cultivar tobacco are forecasted by investigating the occurrence period and the disease index of the indication tobacco plants. The field tobacco brown spot occurrence prediction experiment shows that: the invention can accurately forecast the occurrence time of the alternaria alternate and the severity of germs of the alternaria alternate. The indication tobacco plant of the invention is easy to plant, manage and observe, and the prediction method is simple, convenient, reliable and easy to operate, thereby being beneficial to scientifically guiding tobacco growers to timely prevent and treat the tobacco brown spot, reducing the harm of the tobacco brown spot and ensuring the safe production of tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A forecasting method for the starting period of alternaria alternata comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants:
sowing and raising seedlings of the Alternaria alternate infected variety Changneck yellow seeds in a floating seedling raising mode in a seedling raising season, and normally managing;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting the tobacco seedlings of the alternaria alternate infected variety with yellow long necks at 1-2 rows on the edge of a tobacco field, and taking the tobacco seedlings as indication tobacco plants of a forecast observation area in the starting period of the alternaria alternate; tobacco seedlings of local main cultivated varieties such as Yunyan 87 and Yunyan 85 are normally planted in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant alternaria alternata:
observing the occurrence period of the alternaria alternate disease spots on the bottom foot leaf of the tobacco field disease-sensitive indication variety every 7 days before and after the bud emergence and topping of the tobacco plants, and recording the disease occurrence time. After the development of the disease, the development condition of the brown spot is investigated every 7d for 4 weeks, the disease is classified according to the following statistics, and the disease is counted according to the development area of the leaf:
level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;
level 1: the area of the lesion spots accounts for less than 5% of the area of the leaves;
and 3, level: the area of the scab accounts for 6 to 10 percent of the area of the leaf;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 11% -20% of the leaf area;
and 7, stage: the area of the scab accounts for 21-40% of the area of the leaf;
and 9, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 41% of the leaf area.
Rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) forecasting of occurrence period and severity of alternaria alternata
The disease index of the tobacco plant (the tobacco brown spot susceptible variety, yellow neck) is immediately investigated after the brown spot appears on the leaves of the indicated tobacco plant by self-discovery and observation, and the disease index is respectively investigated every 7 days. The impending severity of the tobacco brown spot is judged by the increase rate of the disease index. The growth rate is more than 10 percent, and the risk of the occurrence degree of the brown spot is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level for development of brown spot; the growth rate is less than 5%, and the occurrence degree of the brown spot is low and the like risk level. The prediction indicating tobacco plant alternaria was used as a control. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
A forecasting method for the starting period of alternaria alternata comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants:
sowing and raising the seeds of the tobacco alternaria alternata disease variety NC82 in a floating seedling raising mode in a seedling raising season, and carrying out normal management;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting the tobacco seedlings of the tobacco alternaria alternate susceptible variety NC82 on the edge 1-2 rows of the tobacco field, and taking the tobacco seedlings as indication tobacco plants of the forecast observation area at the inception period of the alternaria alternate; tobacco seedlings of local main cultivated varieties such as Yunyan 87, K326 and the like are normally planted in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant alternaria alternata:
observing the occurrence period of the alternaria alternate disease spots on the bottom foot leaf of the tobacco field disease-sensitive indication variety every 7 days before and after the bud emergence and topping of the tobacco plants, and recording the disease occurrence time. After the development of the disease, the development condition of the brown spot is investigated every 7d for 4 weeks, the disease is classified according to the following statistics, and the disease is counted according to the development area of the leaf:
level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;
level 1: the area of the lesion spots accounts for less than 5% of the area of the leaves;
and 3, level: the area of the scab accounts for 6 to 10 percent of the area of the leaf;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 11% -20% of the leaf area;
and 7, stage: the area of the scab accounts for 21-40% of the area of the leaf;
and 9, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 41% of the leaf area.
Rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) forecasting of occurrence period and severity of alternaria alternata
The disease index of the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum Lesch. var. Nicotiana Koch. NC82) is investigated immediately after the occurrence of the brown spot on the leaves, and is investigated every 7 days. The impending severity of the tobacco brown spot is judged by the increase rate of the disease index. The growth rate is more than 10 percent, and the risk of the occurrence degree of the brown spot is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level for development of brown spot; the growth rate is less than 5%, and the occurrence degree of the brown spot is low and the like risk level. The prediction indicating tobacco plant alternaria was used as a control. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 indicates the prediction of the occurrence of alternaria alternate in tobacco by infected tobacco plants
The field prediction test result of the occurrence of the tobacco brown spot shows that the indication susceptible tobacco plant treatment group can well predict the occurrence time and the severity of the tobacco brown spot of the main cultivated variety, the accuracy rate of the prediction time reaches over 90 percent, and the accuracy rate of the severity of the brown spot reaches over 92 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A forecasting method for the starting period of alternaria alternata comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants:
sowing seeds of the tobacco brown spot disease variety Changqiu yellow and Beika 82(NC82) in a floating seedling mode in seedling raising seasons, raising seedlings and normally managing;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of the alternaria alternata infected variety yellow long neck or NC82 on the edge 1-2 rows of the tobacco field as indication tobacco plants of the alternaria alternata initial stage forecast observation area; normally planting tobacco seedlings of the tobacco variety in the current field in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant alternaria alternata:
observing the period of the alternaria alternate disease spots on the tobacco plant bottom foot leaf blades by the tobacco field disease indication before and after the bud of the tobacco plant is tapped, investigating every 7d after the disease is developed, continuously investigating for 4 weeks, and carrying out disease statistical grading according to the disease development area of the following leaves:
level 0: the whole leaf is disease-free;
level 1: the area of the lesion spots accounts for less than 5% of the area of the leaves;
and 3, level: the area of the scab accounts for 6 to 10 percent of the area of the leaf;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 11% -20% of the leaf area;
and 7, stage: the area of the scab accounts for 21-40% of the area of the leaf;
and 9, stage: the area of the lesion spots accounts for more than 41 percent of the area of the leaves;
the disease index of the red star disease is calculated according to the following formula:
growth rate = (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100%;
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) forecasting of occurrence period and severity of alternaria alternata
Judging the impending severity of the tobacco brown spot by the increase rate of the disease index;
the growth rate is more than 10 percent, and the risk of the occurrence degree of the brown spot is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level for development of brown spot; the growth rate is less than 5%, and the occurrence degree of the brown spot is low and the like risk level.
2. The method for predicting the onset of alternaria alternate disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic agronomic trait of yellow long neck: the plant height is 140 cm, the number of leaves is 24-30, the field growth period is 105 days, the growth vigor is strong, early spring coldness is feared, early transplantation is not suitable, and the red star disease is easily caused.
3. The method for predicting the onset of alternaria alternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic agronomic traits of NC82 are: the plant height is 140 cm, the number of leaves is 22-23, the field growth period is 112-.
4. The method for predicting the onset stage of Alternaria alternata as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tobacco seedling of the field planted tobacco variety is Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85 or K326.
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| CN112913592A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Planting method of grape garden samara chrysanthemum and method for preventing grape powdery mildew by using samara chrysanthemum |
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| CN112913592A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Planting method of grape garden samara chrysanthemum and method for preventing grape powdery mildew by using samara chrysanthemum |
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Application publication date: 20201002 |