CN111727784A - Method for forecasting tobacco black shank initial period - Google Patents
Method for forecasting tobacco black shank initial period Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727784A CN111727784A CN202010734662.7A CN202010734662A CN111727784A CN 111727784 A CN111727784 A CN 111727784A CN 202010734662 A CN202010734662 A CN 202010734662A CN 111727784 A CN111727784 A CN 111727784A
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- tobacco
- black shank
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- disease index
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forecasting the starting period of tobacco black shank, which comprises the following steps: when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan on 1-2 rows of the edge of a tobacco field as early warning observation indication tobacco plants in the initial period of the tobacco black shank; normally planting main cultivars in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed; predicting the period of the local main cultivar tobacco black shank to be about to occur by observing the time indicating the occurrence of symptoms of the tobacco plant black shank; the severity of the local tobacco black shank is forecasted by measuring the disease index of the indicating tobacco plant. The method has the advantages of good forecasting effect, simplicity, convenience, reliability and easiness in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant protection, in particular to a method for forecasting the initial period of tobacco black shank.
Background
The tobacco black shank is a typical tobacco soil-borne disease caused by phytophthora nicotianae infection, which can infect all cultivated tobaccos including flue-cured tobaccos, air-cured tobaccos, sun-cured tobaccos, aromatic tobaccos, burley tobaccos and the like, and can be infected as a pest at any breeding stage of the tobaccos. The tobacco black shank causes the yield reduction of tobacco leaves, the quality reduction of the tobacco leaves, the economic benefit of tobacco growers is damaged, and the development of the cigarette industry is influenced. At the beginning of its occurrence, tobacco plants exhibit systemic wilting symptoms.
At present, the prevention and control of the tobacco black shank mainly adopt the comprehensive measures of chemical agent prevention and control, reasonable rotation, planting of disease-resistant varieties, soil microorganism adjustment and the like, can reduce the loss caused by the tobacco black shank harm to a certain extent, but still cannot effectively prevent and control the occurrence of the tobacco black shank, and particularly cannot reduce the loss caused by the tobacco black shank. The main reasons that the tobacco black shank is difficult to prevent and control are that the disease is difficult to find in the initial stage of occurrence, the occurrence period and the disease base number cannot be predicted in time, and the tobacco grower cannot be guided to prevent and control in time. When the temperature is proper, a plurality of disease centers appear in the field rapidly, and the damage area is further enlarged. Therefore, a simple, reliable and easy-to-operate method for forecasting the initial period of the tobacco black shank is found, and the method is used for forecasting the occurrence time and the severity of the tobacco black shank, has wide application space and is also a need for scientifically guiding the prevention and treatment of the tobacco black shank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and provides the method for forecasting the tobacco black shank inception period, which has a better forecasting effect, is simple, convenient, reliable and easy to operate.
The invention discloses a method for forecasting the initial period of tobacco black shank. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing and raising seedlings of the tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan seeds in a floating seedling raising mode in a seedling raising season, and managing in a standardized mode;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan on 1-2 rows of the edge of a tobacco field as early warning observation plants in the initial period of the tobacco black shank; tobacco seedlings of main cultivars of Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85, K326 and the like are normally planted in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant black shank:
before and after the tobacco plant agglomeration period, the disease of the tobacco field is observed every 7 days to indicate the disease symptoms of the tobacco plant tobacco black shank. After the onset of the disease, the disease index of the black shank is investigated every 10 days for 6-8 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the following grading statistics:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: occasionally, there is a chlorosis in the stem, or less than one-half of the disease side leaves wither;
and 3, level: the stem part has black streak spots, but the height of the stem part is not more than one half, or one half to two thirds of the diseased side leaves are withered;
and 5, stage: the black streak of the stem part is over one half of the stem height, but does not reach the top of the stem, or more than two thirds of the diseased side leaves wither;
and 7, stage: black strip spots on the stem part reach the top of the stem, or the leaves of the diseased plant are completely withered;
and 9, stage: the diseased plants die basically.
Disease index ∑ Σ [ number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value ]/[ number of total investigated plants × highest grade value ] × 100
Rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)The disease condition for the (x +1) th survey is indicatedCounting;
(4) prediction of occurrence period and severity of tobacco black shank
The disease index of the tobacco plant (tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan) is investigated immediately after the tobacco black shank is found, and the disease index is investigated every 10 days. Judging the impending severity of the tobacco black shank through the increase rate of the disease index, wherein the increase rate is more than 10 percent, and the risk of the occurrence degree of the black shank is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level occurred; growth rate <5%, low risk level.
The method for forecasting the initial stage of the tobacco black shank comprises the following steps: the economic characters of the Honghuadajinyuan are 110-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious beneficial effects, and the technical scheme can show that: the invention selects the tobacco-sensitive black shank variety safflower Hongjinyuan as the indication tobacco plant, because compared with the tobacco main cultivated variety, the generation period of the black shank is usually 10-20 days earlier than that of the main cultivated variety, when the indication observation and early warning variety tobacco plant is observed to have black shank symptoms, the stem of the tobacco plant is infected by pathogenic bacteria, and the tobacco black shank on the main cultivated variety also occurs 10-20 days later. A small amount of indication tobacco plants which are subjected to early warning observation are planted in a tobacco field during tobacco transplanting, and the occurrence period and the severity of tobacco black shank are forecasted by investigating the occurrence period and the disease index of the indication tobacco plants. The field tobacco black shank occurrence prediction experiment shows that: the invention can accurately forecast the occurrence time of the tobacco black shank and forecast the severity of germs of the tobacco black shank. The method indicates that tobacco plants are easy to plant, manage and observe, and the prediction method is simple, convenient, reliable and easy to operate, thereby being beneficial to scientifically guiding tobacco growers to timely control tobacco black shank, reducing the harm of the tobacco black shank and ensuring the safe production of tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for forecasting the initiation period of tobacco black shank comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing and culturing seeds of the tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan which has strong growth potential and is susceptible to black shank in the growing season by adopting a floating growing mode in the growing season for 120 days, and performing standardized management;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, tobacco seedlings of a tobacco black shank disease susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan at 6-8 leaf stages are planted on 1-2 rows of the edge of a tobacco field and used as early warning observation plants at the initial stage of the tobacco black shank; planting 87 tobacco seedlings of a main planting variety Yunyan tobacco normally in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant black shank:
before and after the tobacco plant agglomeration period, the disease of the tobacco field is observed every 7 days to indicate the disease symptoms of the tobacco plant tobacco black shank. After the onset of the disease, the disease index of the black shank is investigated every 10 days for 6-8 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the following grading statistics:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: occasionally, there is a chlorosis in the stem, or less than one-half of the disease side leaves wither;
and 3, level: the stem part has black streak spots, but the height of the stem part is not more than one half, or one half to two thirds of the diseased side leaves are withered;
and 5, stage: the black streak of the stem part is over one half of the stem height, but does not reach the top of the stem, or more than two thirds of the diseased side leaves wither;
and 7, stage: black strip spots on the stem part reach the top of the stem, or the leaves of the diseased plant are completely withered;
and 9, stage: the diseased plants die basically.
Disease index ∑ Σ [ number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value ]/[ number of total investigated plants × highest grade value ] × 100
Rate of increase (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100％；
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)The disease index of the (x +1) th survey.
(4) Prediction of occurrence period and severity of tobacco black shank
The disease index of the tobacco plant (tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan) is investigated immediately after the tobacco black shank is found, and the disease index is investigated every 10 days. The impending severity of tobacco black shank is judged by the increase rate of the disease index. The growth rate is more than 10%, and the risk of black shank occurrence degree is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level occurred; growth rate <5%, low risk level. The prediction indicating the black shank of the tobacco plant was used as a control. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
A method for forecasting the initiation period of tobacco black shank comprises the following steps:
(1) the same as example 1;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan on 1-2 rows of the edge of a tobacco field as early warning observation plants in the initial period of the tobacco black shank; planting 85 tobacco seedlings of the main planting variety Yunyan tobacco normally in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) (4) same as example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
A method for forecasting the initiation period of tobacco black shank comprises the following steps:
(1) the same as example 1;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan on 1-2 rows of the edge of a tobacco field as early warning observation plants in the initial period of the tobacco black shank; normally planting main cultivar K326 tobacco seedlings in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) (4) same as example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 indicates the prediction of the incidence of tobacco black shank by susceptible tobacco plants
The field prediction test result of the occurrence of the tobacco black shank shows that the indication susceptible tobacco plant treatment group can well predict the occurrence time and the severity of the tobacco black shank of the main cultivar, the accuracy rate of the prediction time reaches over 84%, and the accuracy rate of the severity of the black shank reaches over 85%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for forecasting the initiation period of tobacco black shank comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indicator tobacco plants: sowing and raising seedlings of the tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan seeds in a floating seedling raising mode in a seedling raising season, and managing in a standardized mode;
(2) planting of the indicated tobacco plants:
when the tobacco is transplanted, planting tobacco seedlings of a tobacco black shank susceptible variety Honghuadajinyuan on 1-2 rows of the edge of a tobacco field as early warning observation plants in the initial period of the tobacco black shank; normally planting main planting variety tobacco seedlings in other areas of the tobacco field; all tobacco seedlings are normally managed;
(3) survey indicating the occurrence period and disease index of tobacco plant black shank:
observing disease symptoms of tobacco field infection indicating tobacco black shank of the tobacco plant every 7 days before and after the tobacco plant agglomeration period; after the onset of the disease, the disease index of the black shank is investigated every 10 days for 6-8 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the following grading statistics:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: occasionally, there is a chlorosis in the stem, or less than one-half of the disease side leaves wither;
and 3, level: the stem part has black streak spots, but the height of the stem part is not more than one half, or one half to two thirds of the diseased side leaves are withered;
and 5, stage: the black streak of the stem part is over one half of the stem height, but does not reach the top of the stem, or more than two thirds of the diseased side leaves wither;
and 7, stage: black strip spots on the stem part reach the top of the stem, or the leaves of the diseased plant are completely withered;
and 9, stage: the diseased plants are basically withered;
disease index = Ʃ [ number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value ]/[ number of total investigated plants × highest grade value ] × 100
Growth rate = (disease index)t(x+1)-index of diseasetx) Disease indextx×100%;
Index of disease conditiontxThe disease index of the x-th surveyt(x+1)Disease index for the (x +1) th survey;
(4) prediction of occurrence period and severity of tobacco black shank
Immediately beginning to investigate the disease index of a tobacco plant (a tobacco black shank susceptible variety, Honghuadajinyuan) after the tobacco black shank is found, and respectively investigating the disease index every 10 days; judging the impending severity of the tobacco black shank through the increase rate of the disease index, wherein the increase rate is more than 10 percent, and the risk of the occurrence degree of the black shank is high; 5% < growth rate <10%, moderate risk level occurred; growth rate <5%, low risk level.
2. The method for predicting the inception stage of tobacco black shank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the economic characters of the Honghuadajinyuan are 110-.
3. The method for predicting the inception period of tobacco blackleg as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the main cultivated tobacco seedlings are Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85 and K326.
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| CN202010734662.7A CN111727784A (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Method for forecasting tobacco black shank initial period |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113966704A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-25 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Black shank induction morbidity method for potted tobacco leaves of Honghuadajinyuan variety |
Citations (4)
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| CN1173273A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-18 | 郑大宽 | Method for integrated control of rice blast |
| CN106350574A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Appraisal method for indoor inoculation of disease resistance in resistance of tobacco to black shank |
| KR20180107123A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-10-01 | 필립모리스 프로덕츠 에스.에이. | Reduction of cadmium accumulation in cultivated tobacco plants |
| CN110089296A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-06 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | The method for establishing tobacco black shank resistance identification sick nursery |
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2020
- 2020-07-27 CN CN202010734662.7A patent/CN111727784A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1173273A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-18 | 郑大宽 | Method for integrated control of rice blast |
| KR20180107123A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-10-01 | 필립모리스 프로덕츠 에스.에이. | Reduction of cadmium accumulation in cultivated tobacco plants |
| CN106350574A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Appraisal method for indoor inoculation of disease resistance in resistance of tobacco to black shank |
| CN110089296A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-06 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | The method for establishing tobacco black shank resistance identification sick nursery |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 陈顺辉等: "烟草青枯病流行动态监测", 《中国烟草科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113966704A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-25 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Black shank induction morbidity method for potted tobacco leaves of Honghuadajinyuan variety |
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Application publication date: 20201002 |