CN113973630A - Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of grapes of sunshine rose variety - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of grapes of a sunshine rose variety, belongs to the technical field of grape planting, and mainly aims at three diseases such as powdery mildew, anthracnose and coal spot disease to solve the disease and insect pest situation of the grapes of the sunshine rose variety by means of agricultural prevention and treatment, biological prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment and the like.

Description

Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of grapes of sunshine rose variety

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a method for preventing and treating powdery mildew, anthracnose and anthracnose of a sunshine rose variety grape.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

The grape has high yield accounting for almost one fourth of the fruit worldwide, high nutritive value, and can be made into grape juice, raisin and wine. The sunshine rose grape is high and stable in yield, large in grain size, disease-resistant, good in storability and simple in cultivation. The fruit cluster is conical, the weight of the cluster is about 600g, the weight of the big cluster can reach about 1.8kg, and the average fruit grain weight is 8-12 g. The fruit grains are closely grown, oval, yellow green, glossy in fruit surface and less in fruit powder. The pulp is fresh, crisp and juicy, has rose fragrance, the content of soluble solid matter is about 20 percent, the highest content can reach 26 percent, and the fresh food quality is excellent. No fruit cracking, no threshing, high yield, strong stress resistance and excellent comprehensive properties. However, in the actual planting of the sunshine rose variety grape, grape diseases and insect pests are one of the important factors threatening the yield of the grape. Among them, powdery mildew, anthracnose and coal spotting are more common diseases. Grape anthracnose is a disease occurring on grapes caused by an infection with Elsinoe ampelina. The green tender parts of the grapes, such as fruits, fruit stalks, leaves, petioles, young shoots, tendrils and the like, are mainly damaged; grape powdery mildew is a disease caused by the infestation of leptospirillum vitis that occurs on grapes. The main harm is to young organs such as leaves, young shoots and fruits, and the old leaves and colored fruits are less damaged. Grape coal spotting is caused by infection with the virus of the phylum Vibrio. Mainly detracting from the appearance of the fruit and young shoots. However, the control scheme of the existing grape pest control technology is not reasonable.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides corresponding prevention methods of agricultural prevention, biological prevention, physical prevention and chemical prevention aiming at different types of diseases and insect pests, and solves the problems of serious pollution and poor effect in the existing technology for preventing and treating the diseases and insect pests of the grapes of the sunshine rose variety.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for controlling pests and diseases of grapes of the sun rose variety, comprising: at least one of agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control;

the pest and disease damage comprises: powdery mildew, anthracnose and coal spotting.

In a second aspect of the present invention, a specific control method for the powdery mildew is provided, which comprises:

physical control: improving the planting density of the grapes, and performing water and fertilizer management;

biological control: interplanting a sunshine rose variety grape and a red variety grape;

chemical control: thiophanate-methyl is used as a bactericide.

In a third aspect of the present invention, a specific method for preventing and treating anthracnose is provided, comprising:

physical control: thoroughly cleaning the orchard, and removing diseased branches, diseased fruits and diseased leaves;

chemical control: spraying 3 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture and adding 100-105 times of sodium pentachlorophenate.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a specific control method for coal spotting disease is provided, comprising:

physical control: fallen leaves are treated, an orchard is cleaned, and the overwintering bacteria source is reduced;

agricultural prevention and control; the cultivation management is enhanced, the light transmittance is improved, and the humidity is reduced;

chemical control: uniformly spraying 600-650 times of 722 g/l propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution and 2500-2600 times of 430 g/l suspending agent; foliar spray before disease onset 1: 1: 160-180 Bordeaux prevention; uniformly spraying 500-600 times of liquid of 58% methylen-manganese-zinc wettable powder; spraying 600-700 times of 80% zineb wettable powder by using a liquid;

biological control: by interplanting with pyrethrum, the spread of germs is blocked by the insecticidal components in inflorescence.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention in the invention have reasonable prevention and treatment modes for anthracnose of sunshine rose grape variety, the steps are simple, the generation of anthracnose can be solved from the root, and the invention also has obvious effect on preventing anthracnose and promotes the healthy and strong growth of grape.

(2) The physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention in the invention have reasonable prevention and treatment modes for anthracnose of sunshine rose grape variety, the steps are simple, the generation of anthracnose can be solved from the root, and the invention also has obvious effect on preventing anthracnose and promotes the healthy and strong growth of grape.

(3) The operation method is simple, low in cost, universal and easy for large-scale production.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of physical control in example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an actual hilling depth map for agricultural control in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Aiming at powdery mildew, the invention provides three control methods of physical control, biological control and chemical control.

Physical control: grape powdery mildew is caused by the infection of leptospira viticola, the important source of the pathogen is the overwintering of thalli, but the growth and the development of the powdery mildew have higher requirements on temperature, so that the bottom old leaves can be timely knocked off by improving the planting density of the sunshine rose variety grape, and the field light transmittance is increased; the ventilation is enhanced, the humidity is reduced, and the water and fertilizer management is scientifically carried out to prevent and control the grape leptospirillum infection so as to reduce the spread of powdery mildew.

Biological prevention: roses and grapes of the sun rose are easy to infect powdery mildew, but roses are more delicate than grapes of the sun rose, are more sensitive to powdery mildew and have earlier onset of disease, and the appearance characteristics of the roses are obviously changed after 5-8 days of the onset of disease. Therefore, the function of early warning of powdery mildew disease of the grapes of the sunshine rose variety can be achieved by interplanting a small amount of roses in the grape garden of the sunshine rose variety.

Chemical control: grape powdery mildew is a disease caused by the infestation of leptospirillum vitis that occurs on grapes. Thiophanate-methyl is a broad-spectrum bactericide, has the function of conducting to the apical, and has the effects of preventing and treating leptospirillum vitis. The use of thiophanate-methyl hinders the formation of pathogenic fungal biofilms, leading to pathogen death.

Aiming at the spot anthracnose, the invention provides two prevention and treatment methods, namely physical prevention and treatment and chemical prevention and treatment.

Physical control: the germs at the initial stage of grape anthracnose infection mainly come from germs living through winter on diseased residues, which hide diseased tissues such as diseased branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruits in the form of mycelium in winter, so as to hide the diseased tissues stably and avoid severe cold, and the infection process begins in the form of conidia through vectors such as wind, rain and the like until the spring of the next year. Therefore, after the grapes of the sun rose are harvested, the orchard needs to be thoroughly cleaned, and diseased branches, diseased fruits and diseased leaves need to be removed.

Chemical control: when the early spring grape dental scale is enlarged, spraying 3 baume degree lime sulfur mixture and 100 times of sodium pentachlorophenate to eradicate the disease source; spraying the chemical solution once every 5-7 days in a high-temperature rainy area and every 10-15 days in a dry area after the leaves of the grapes are spread until the fruits are colored.

The medicines sprayed in the steps comprise 1:3 100-fold Bordeaux mixture, 1000-fold mixture of 90% spray or Dasheng M-45 wettable powder, 1000-fold mixture of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 800-fold mixture of 75% Shijunqing wettable powder and 800-fold mixture of 40% Fuxing; the above agents should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance.

Aiming at coal spot diseases, the invention provides four control methods of physical control, agricultural control, chemical control and biological control.

Physical control: grape coal spotting disease is caused by parasitism of deuteromycotina subphylum paradoxa. The mold overwintering on grape branches and tendrils with mycelium, and the formation of conidium by the overwintering hypha in the next year is the primary infection source of the disease. Therefore, the method needs to be frequently checked in a sunshine rose variety vineyard, and fallen leaves and diseased branches are removed and buried deeply or burnt out; after autumn, the orchard is thoroughly cleaned, and fallen leaves are burnt or deeply buried, so that the overwintering fungus source is reduced.

Agricultural control: strengthening cultivation management, paying attention to water drainage in the growing period of the sunshine rose grape, and hoeing weeds in the garden; the lower yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed in the middle and later growth stages, so that ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, and the humidity is reduced.

Chemical control: evenly spraying 722 g/l propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution 600 times and hao li g 430 g/l suspending agent 2500 times; foliar spray before disease onset 1: 1: 160-180 Bordeaux prevention; uniformly spraying 500 times of solution of 58% methylen-manganese-zinc wettable powder; spraying 600 times of solution of 80% zineb wettable powder; the following compositions in parts by weight are prepared into a medicament spray: 1-5 parts of resmethrin, 3-7 parts of dodecanethiol, 2-6 parts of pyroligneous, 2-6 parts of ivermectin, 7-11 parts of glucose, 2-5 parts of zanthoxylum bungeanum and 1-3 parts of sulfur.

Biological control: pyrethrin contained in the pyrethrum has the advantages of low toxicity, no harm, easy degradation, high efficiency, broad spectrum, difficult generation of drug resistance and quick pest killing, and meets the requirements of modern agriculture on green, environmental protection and health very well, and 4 insecticidal components with the concentration of 0.4-2 percent are contained in the pyrethrum inflorescence, so that the pyrethrum is intercropped in a sunshine rose variety vineyard, the propagation of germs can be effectively blocked, and the threat of diseases can be effectively reduced.

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.

Example 1

A method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of grapes of a sunshine rose variety aims at a method for preventing and treating powdery mildew, and comprises the following specific implementation method:

aiming at a physical control method: the sun rose leaves are large, the planting density of grapes is improved, old leaves at the bottom need to be removed, the leaves at the bottom need to be kept about 20 centimeters, the whole principle is that the leaves on the frame surface are fully paved but not shielded, the ventilation capacity can be improved while the light transmittance is increased, and the actual effect is shown in figure 1.

In the early stage of grape germination, the absorption capacity is very weak because the newly grown root system is still in formation in the current year. Meanwhile, the leaves are not mature and can not be used for photosynthesis. According to planting experience, after 20 days after grape germination, the grape can absorb mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. Grape growth prior to flowering relies more on nutrient reserves of the last year. Before the grape blooms, the additional fertilization task is not serious. A large amount of fertilizer is applied at the early stage of germination or before blooming, so that the fertilizer efficiency is low and the waste is serious; and secondly, the root system growth in spring is not facilitated. In the period, a proper amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly supplemented to meet the growth requirement of young shoots; a proper amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can meet the requirement of root system and flower bud differentiation. Meanwhile, the key period for supplementing trace elements is before flowering. Reasonable leaf treatment and water and fertilizer management are carried out according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the grapes in each period, so that powdery mildew can be effectively prevented and treated.

Aiming at the biological control method: 5-10 red variety roses are planted in the sunshine rose variety grape region at the interval of about 8 meters so as to prevent powdery mildew in advance. Rose powdery mildew is a disease that occurs on roses caused by infestation of rose single-capsule shells and felt-wool single-capsule shells. The pest and disease damage perception is stronger, the disease incidence is higher, and the green yellow spots on the leaves gradually expand when the tender leaves are infected with diseases and are initially infected with diseases, white powder spots are generated on the front and back surfaces of the tender leaves, the whole leaves are covered with the white powder spots after the white powder spots are expanded, and then the leaves become light grey. The reaction only needs 4 to 8 days after the disease is infected by the roses, has stronger reaction to the disease, and is easy to take preventive measures on the sunshine roses of the grape garden in advance.

Aiming at the chemical control method: when spraying thiophanate-methyl, the spraying agent can be sprayed by 600-fold 800-fold liquid of 50 percent wettable powder and sprayed once every 10 days, so that pathogenic fungi can be killed while toxicity is reduced, the germs die, and the effect of treating powdery mildew is achieved.

Example 2

A method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of grapes of a sun rose variety specifically comprises the following steps:

aiming at a physical control method: because the initial infection of the anthracnose mainly comes from overwintering mycelia on diseased residues, the winter garden cleaning work is required, when pruning is carried out in winter, diseased branch tips and residual diseased fruits are cut off, diseases and old barks are scraped, and dead branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruits and the like in a sunshine rose orchard are thoroughly removed. Then the glass is burnt out intensively. Spraying the soil around the tree body and the trunk with the spading agent. Common eradicators include: lime sulfur mixture of 3-5 deg.c Baume; diluting 80% pentachlorophenol powder with 200 times of water and 300 times of water, and adding a mixture of Baume lime sulfur and a 3-degree Baume lime sulfur mixture; ③ 10 percent of ferrous sulfate and 1 percent of crude sulfuric acid. The spraying period is preferably when the grape bud scales are enlarged but green tissues do not appear yet. The pesticide harm can occur after the spraying is too late, and the early effect is poor.

Aiming at the chemical control method: spraying 3 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture and 100 times sodium pentachlorophenate when the grape dental scale of the early spring sunshine rose variety is enlarged, and eradicating the disease source; spraying the chemical solution once every 5-7 days in a high-temperature rainy area and every 10-15 days in a dry area after the leaves of the grapes are spread until the fruits are colored.

Description of the drawings: the chemical prevention and treatment process comprises spraying 100-fold Bordeaux mixture, 1000-fold mixture of 90% Mike or Dasheng M-45 wettable powder, 1000-fold mixture of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 800-fold mixture of 75% Shijunqing wettable powder and 800-fold mixture of 40% Fuxing in a ratio of 1: 3; the above agents should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance.

The physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention in the invention have reasonable prevention and treatment modes for anthracnose of sunshine rose grape variety, the steps are simple, the generation of anthracnose can be solved from the root, and the invention also has obvious effect on preventing anthracnose and promotes the healthy and strong growth of grape.

Example 3

A method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of grapes of a sunshine rose variety aims at a method for preventing and treating coal spotting disease, and comprises the following specific implementation method:

aiming at a physical control method: and 3, cleaning the garden in autumn and winter and reducing the dip-dyeing source. After the autumn grapes fall leaves, the fallen leaves and the diseased ears are cleaned and burnt, and branches and the ground are uniformly sprayed with lime sulphur. The lime sulphur mixture is prepared by decocting quicklime and sulphur in water, and is used as traditional sterilizing, insecticidal and miticidal agent in grape garden. The ratio of the three is preferably about 1: 2: 10. During decoction, a tile pot or a pig iron pot is needed, and the drug effect is influenced by using a copper pot or an aluminum pot.

Aiming at the agricultural control method: strengthen cultivation management, adopt reasonable field planting mode: planting before and after planting, and requiring high-speed cultivation and high-speed soil cultivation. The sandy loam in the north can be used for opening planting ditches, laying decomposed cattle and sheep manure and straws at the bottoms of the ditches, and watering after covering soil. Planting the seedling when the bottom of the ditch is semi-dry, wherein the planting depth is shallow, and the seedling can cover the root system. Then, the hilling is carried out, the requirement of the hilling pile is large and low, and the actual hilling depth is shown in figure 2. If the grapes in the south are reconstructed from multiple rice, or the underground water level is high, or the water drainage is not smooth, and the soil is a heavy land, the rotten cattle and sheep manure is spread at the planting row position, more than two tons of manure are used per mu, the ridge is formed after rotary tillage, the seedlings are planted at the ridge top, and the water is permeated after planting. After the seedling stage, reasonable drainage and weeding are carried out, and the damaged leaves are picked off in the middle and later stages so as to improve the light transmittance and reduce the humidity.

Aiming at the chemical control method: after autumn, the fallen leaves in the orchard are thoroughly cleaned to eliminate the winter bacteria source, and the water and fertilizer management of the orchard is strengthened to increase the fertilizer application amount, so that the orchard can grow vigorously to improve the disease resistance. The boldo liquid with the mixture ratio can be sprayed for 1 time every 10 to 15 days and continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times in the early stage of the disease, and good prevention and treatment effects can be generated. And the disease generally starts from the lower part of the plant and gradually spreads upwards later. Therefore, the first and second spraying of the pesticide are mainly to spray the leaves at the lower part of the plant.

Aiming at the biological control method: 20-30 pyrethrum plants are planted in the middle of the grape area of the rose sunshine at an interval of about 10 meters, so that the effect of killing pests is achieved, the pests killed by the pyrethrum cannot cause the grape of the rose sunshine to generate drug resistance, the propagation of germs can be effectively blocked, and the diseases are effectively reduced.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of grapes of a sun rose variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: at least one of agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control;

the pest and disease damage comprises: powdery mildew, anthracnose and coal spotting.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific control method for powdery mildew comprises:

physical control: improving the planting density of the grapes, and performing water and fertilizer management;

biological control: interplanting a sunshine rose variety grape and a red variety grape;

chemical control: thiophanate-methyl is used as a bactericide.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for controlling anthracnose comprises:

physical control: thoroughly cleaning the orchard, and removing diseased branches, diseased fruits and diseased leaves;

chemical control: spraying 3 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture and adding 100-105 times of sodium pentachlorophenate.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein chemical control is performed when the brussels of grapes are enlarged in early spring.

5. The method for controlling pests and diseases of grapes of the sun rose variety according to claim 3, wherein the grapes are sprayed once every 5-7 days in a high-temperature rainy region and every 10-15 days in a dry region after leaf spreading until fruits are colored.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the sprayed pesticide comprises: 1:3, 100-105 times of Bordeaux mixture, 90-92% of Sprax or Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 1000-1050 times of solution, 50% of carbendazim wettable powder 1000-1050 times of solution, 75% of Shijunqing wettable powder 800-900 times of solution and 40% of Fuxing 800-1000 times of solution.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the agents are applied in alternation during application.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific method of controlling a coal spotting disease comprises:

physical control: fallen leaves are treated, an orchard is cleaned, and the overwintering bacteria source is reduced;

agricultural prevention and control; the cultivation management is enhanced, the light transmittance is improved, and the humidity is reduced;

chemical control: uniformly spraying 600-650 times of 722 g/l propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution and 2500-2600 times of 430 g/l suspending agent; foliar spray before disease onset 1: 1: 160-180 Bordeaux prevention; uniformly spraying 500-600 times of liquid of 58% methylen-manganese-zinc wettable powder; spraying 600-700 times of 80% zineb wettable powder by using a liquid;

biological control: by interplanting with pyrethrum, the spread of germs is blocked by the insecticidal components in inflorescence.

9. A sun rose variety grape grown by the method of any one of claims 1-8.

10. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-8 for grape pest control.

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