CN103931404A - Detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (pre-basic seed) wide and narrow row cultivation technique - Google Patents
Detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (pre-basic seed) wide and narrow row cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (pre-basic seed) wide and narrow row cultivation technique. The technique includes the first step of field selection, the second step of field planting criteria, the third step of a field planting method, the fourth step weeding, the fifth step of fertilizer management, the sixth step of water management, the seventh step of pest control and the eighth step of harvest, wherein in the field selection step, loam or sandy loam soil mass which is subacid with the PH value ranging from 5.3 to 7, high in terrain, loose in soil texture, fertile, deep in soil layer and capable of being drained and irrigated is selected; according to the field planting criteria, the height of test-tube plantlets is about 12 centimeters, and thick stems are about 0.35 centimeter thick; according to the field planting method, wide rows are 45 centimeters wide, narrow rows are 30 centimeters wide, and the plant spacing is 20 centimeters; in the weeding step, haloxyfop with 10.8 percent of effective components can be diluted by 1000 folds to be used for mist spray, hexafluo propoxyacetic acid with 20 percent effective components can be diluted by 1000 folds to be used for fixed-point mist spray in the wide rows, and weeding is achieved by the combination of spraying and manual labor; in the water management step, according to water management general guidelines, soil is kept wet, no water accumulation occurs, and water should be irrigated and drained rapidly in summer; in the pest control step, soil insects, bacteria and fungal diseases are prevented; in the harvest step, harvest, disinfection and storage are carried out in time, and ginger balls are prevented from being rotten. The technique has the advantages of improving the yield and quality, and is suitable for being widely applied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical field, relate to the method for a kind of plantation detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (breeder's stock), relate in particular to detoxification ginger breeder's stock wide-and narrow-row culture technique.
Background technology
Ginger is the condiment vegetable of most important integration of drinking and medicinal herbs in the world, closely bound up with human health.Ginger consumption structure be take and eaten raw as main, accounts for 70% left and right, becomes gradually one of staple food vegetables that people like day by day from flavouring, seasoning matter, and from over 2008, China's ginger cultivation area and output increase progressively with 4.6% left and right every year on average.Ginger is asexually propagated crop, nourish and generate diseases such as " bacterial wilt of ginger " easily occurs, directly cause underproduction 20%-30%, grave illness area loss is up to 70%, have a strong impact on the industrialized development of Zhe Wo city ginger, " bacterial wilt of ginger " become the main restrictive factor of ginger industrialized development.Detoxification kind ginger has that kind is pure, rejuvenation, do not carry the characteristics such as cause of disease, so effectively pre-" bacterial wilt of ginger " outburst of detoxification ginger kind, and ginger per unit area yield is improved more than 40%, and per mu yield reaches 4500 kilograms, and a mu income reaches 15000 yuan.Detoxification kind ginger raising technology need be bred through three grades, and model test-tube plantlet (breeder's stock) raising technology, breeds miniature detoxification kind ginger and be called one-level kind; On one-level kind basis, set up original seed raising technology, breed original seed and be called secondary kind; On secondary kind basis, set up and produce kind of a raising technology, breeding production kind is three grades of kinds.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (breeder's stock) breeding cultivation technology, can improve miniature ginger ball output.
Its technical scheme is as follows:
Detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (breeder's stock) wide-and narrow-row culture technique, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground
Select subacidity, the physical features of PH5.3-PH7 higher, that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange loam or the sandy loam plot that can fill with, whole ground program is: the tractor degree of depth of ploughing reaches 40 centimetres, then apply base fertilizer, base fertilizer consumption is that mu is executed 400 kilograms of farmyard manures (pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement), 150 kilograms of oil cakes, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, when applying base fertilizer and apply fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously, with every square meter, add the soil disinfection of 50 grams of Cosan amounts, mu is executed approximately 33 kilograms of Cosans of Cosan, and Cosan and fine earth mix and be evenly sprinkling upon among soil afterwards.Tractor rotary tillage, rake.After land readjustment, unpack, 6 meters of case face widths, 50 centimetres of draining ditch depths, wide 40 centimetres, then with 1000 times of sprayings of effective ingredient 48% chlopyrifos dilution.
2) test-tube plantlet is prepared
Test-tube seedling transplanting coils the seedling time and is about late Febuary or early March to cave, the cave dish seedling field planting time is at the beginning of 2014 4 months.Detoxification test tube plantlet greenhouse is transplanted after 40 days and is got final product field planting, approximately 12 centimetres of heights of seedling, approximately 0.35 centimetre of plant cane size, approximately 12 centimetres of blade face length.
3) field planting
Press wide-and narrow-row field planting, 45 centimetres of wide row, 30 centimetres of narrow rows, 20 centimetres of field planting of spacing in the rows, with ridger trench digging, mu field planting 8893 strains, remove drainage system, mu field planting 8000 strains, should be every during field planting 1.5 meters dig one wide 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres of ditches.After field planting is complete, irrigate normal root water.
4) intertill and clean tillage
After cultivating January, use 1000 times of removals of cover grass energy dilution and undergraduate course weeds and the broad leaved weed of effective ingredient 10.8%, wide row utilizes 1000 times of effective content 20% hexafluoro the third fluoroacetic acid dilutions to remove alternanthera philoxeroides, other weeds artificial removal.After field planting 2 months, topdress for the first time, mu is executed 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers, composite fertilizer is placed on to wide row, apart from approximately 10 centimetres of plant.After topdressing, earth up, earth up highly approximately 5 centimetres, principle is to cover that to topdress, be beneficial to wide row hydrophobic.
5) fertilizer management
Ginger process of growth needs a large amount of fertilizers, fertilizer is executed in soil in conjunction with whole, and mu is executed 400 kilograms of farmyard manures (pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement), 150 kilograms of oil cakes, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, topdress in conjunction with plant growing way situation, in conjunction with every mu of sealing fertilizer 20-25 kilogram of ridging, potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram.
Topdress: at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, stem tuber forms, and plant strain growth is vigorous, in conjunction with ridging, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25 kilogram, potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram.
6) water management
Bamboo root race is short, while meeting spring drought, should water little water once at interval of 3-5 days, during drought in summer, should water flood once every 3-5 days, stem tuber forms and expanding stage soil moisture should keep 70-80%, in addition ginger fearness waterlogging, so heavy rain, heavy rain should be noted field drainage later, and control forms waterlogging.
7) extermination of disease and insect pest
The Major Pests of harm bamboo root ginger has rhizome nematode, root maggot, soil insect, borer, therefore during ginger field management, should with chlopyrifos, high potassium dimension, Avermectin, beta-cypermethrin, to ginger, carry out pest control at interval of 10-20 days, ginger is also subject to bacterium and the fungal diseases such as pseudomonad, Erwinia, Serratia, pythium spp.During field management, should with Zhongshengmycin, kasugarnycin, agricultural streptomycin, to ginger, carry out disease control at interval of 10-20 days.
8) results
Ginger terrestrial stem section is not low temperature resistant, and temperature is spent lower than 15 afterwards can naturally withered and yellow, lodging.After the Beginning of Winter, if meet wet weather continuously, underground ginger piece water content increases, perishable during storage.Therefore, must gather breeder's stock ginger completely the Beginning of Winter in the past, storage.Before storage, the sterilization of ginger piece application tpn.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: technical scheme of the present invention can make the output that detoxification kind ginger one-level kind is bred improve 20%-30%, greatly improves one-level kind breeding rate, has increased Jiang Nong benefit.The cultivation of detoxification ginger wide-and narrow-row with average row apart from the advantage of cultivating is with following several aspects: 1, soil is ploughed deeply, and soil is ploughed deeply and reached 40 centimetres of above loosing soils that ensure, good permeability, and can improve retaining, water-retention fertilizer ability.3, wide-and narrow-row (45cm * 30cm) increases ventilation and penetrating light.4, seedling growing way is vigorous, enters after September, and wide-and narrow-row ginger enters Fast Growth, and plant development height obviously increases, and height increasing rate reaches 69.5%; Leaf is educated length obviously to be increased, and length increasing rate reaches 36.7%; Leaf development width obviously increases, and increasing rate reaches 19.9%, and after plant is extracted, root system development rises appreciably, and length increases by 17.6%.5, by harm ginger insects such as chemical control nematode, soil insect, borer, tigerkins, by various bactericide, the ginger diseases such as " bacterial wilt of ginger ", " banded sclerotial blight ", blade spot disease are prevented and treated, diseased plant is removed in time in discovery.The science of carrying out, effectively field management.When 6, gathering in the crops, storing, perform sterilization, insect protected work.7, can improve the detoxification ginger amount of breeding, single plant yield improves more than 10%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Be illustrated as detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet of the present invention (breeder's stock) cultivation schematic diagram, wherein Fig. 1 is wide-and narrow-row cultivation schematic diagram; Fig. 2 average row is apart from schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
Detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (breeder's stock) wide-and narrow-row culture technique, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground
Select subacidity, the physical features of PH5.3-PH7 higher, that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange loam or the sandy loam plot that can fill with, whole ground program is: the tractor degree of depth of ploughing reaches 40 centimetres, then apply base fertilizer, base fertilizer consumption is that mu is executed 400 kilograms of farmyard manures (pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement), 150 kilograms of oil cakes, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, when applying base fertilizer and apply fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously, with every square meter, add the soil disinfection of 50 grams of Cosan amounts, mu is executed approximately 33 kilograms of Cosans of Cosan, and Cosan and fine earth mix and be evenly sprinkling upon among soil afterwards.Tractor rotary tillage, rake.After land readjustment, unpack, 6 meters of case face widths, 50 centimetres of draining ditch depths, wide 40 centimetres, then with 1000 times of sprayings of effective ingredient 48% chlopyrifos dilution.；
2) test-tube plantlet is prepared
Test-tube seedling transplanting coils the seedling time and is about late Febuary or early March to cave, the cave dish seedling field planting time is at the beginning of 2014 4 months.Detoxification test tube plantlet greenhouse is transplanted after 40 days and is got final product field planting, approximately 12 centimetres of heights of seedling, approximately 0.35 centimetre of plant cane size, approximately 12 centimetres of blade face length.
3) field planting
Press wide-and narrow-row field planting, 45 centimetres of wide row, 30 centimetres of narrow rows, 20 centimetres of field planting of spacing in the rows, with ridger trench digging, mu field planting 8893 strains, remove drainage system, mu field planting 8000 strains, should be every during field planting 1.5 meters dig one wide 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres of ditches.After field planting is complete, irrigate normal root water.
4) intertill and clean tillage
After cultivating January, use 1000 times of removals of cover grass energy dilution and undergraduate course weeds and the broad leaved weed of effective ingredient 10.8%, wide row utilizes 1000 times of effective content 20% hexafluoro the third fluoroacetic acid dilutions to remove alternanthera philoxeroides, other weeds artificial removal.After field planting 2 months, topdress for the first time, mu is executed 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers, composite fertilizer is placed on to wide row, apart from approximately 10 centimetres of plant.After topdressing, earth up, earth up highly approximately 5 centimetres, principle is to cover that to topdress, be beneficial to wide row hydrophobic.
5) fertilizer management
Ginger process of growth needs a large amount of fertilizers, fertilizer is executed in soil in conjunction with whole, and mu is executed 400 kilograms of farmyard manures (pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement), 150 kilograms of oil cakes, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, topdress in conjunction with plant growing way situation, in conjunction with every mu of sealing fertilizer 20-25 kilogram of ridging, potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram.
Topdress: at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, stem tuber forms, and plant strain growth is vigorous, in conjunction with ridging, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25 kilogram, potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram.
6) water management
Bamboo root race is short, while meeting spring drought, should water little water once at interval of 3-5 days, during drought in summer, should water flood once every 3-5 days, stem tuber forms and expanding stage soil moisture should keep 70-80%, in addition ginger fearness waterlogging, so heavy rain, heavy rain should be noted field drainage later, and control forms waterlogging.
7) extermination of disease and insect pest
The Major Pests of harm bamboo root ginger has rhizome nematode, root maggot, soil insect, borer, therefore during ginger field management, should with chlopyrifos, high potassium dimension, Avermectin, beta-cypermethrin, to ginger, carry out pest control at interval of 10-20 days, ginger is also subject to bacterium and the fungal diseases such as pseudomonad, Erwinia, Serratia, pythium spp.During field management, should with Zhongshengmycin, kasugarnycin, agricultural streptomycin, to ginger, carry out disease control at interval of 10-20 days.
8) results
Ginger terrestrial stem section is not low temperature resistant, and temperature is spent lower than 15 afterwards can naturally withered and yellow, lodging.After the Beginning of Winter, if meet wet weather continuously, underground ginger piece water content increases, perishable during storage.Therefore, must gather breeder's stock ginger completely the Beginning of Winter in the past, storage.Before storage, the sterilization of ginger piece application tpn.
The above, be only best mode for carrying out the invention, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, and the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. detoxification ginger test-tube plantlet (breeder's stock) wide-and narrow-row culture technique, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground
Select the subacidity of PH5.3-PH7, physical features is higher, it is fertile that the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, can arrange loam or the sandy loam plot that can fill with, whole ground program is: the tractor degree of depth of ploughing reaches 40 centimetres, then apply base fertilizer, base fertilizer consumption is that mu is executed farmyard manure (pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement) 400 kilograms, 150 kilograms of oil cakes, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, when applying base fertilizer and apply fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously, with every square meter, add the soil disinfection of 50 grams of Cosan amounts, mu is executed approximately 33 kilograms of Cosans of Cosan, Cosan and fine earth mix and are evenly sprinkling upon among soil afterwards, tractor rotary tillage, rake, after land readjustment, unpack, 6 meters of case face widths, 50 centimetres of draining ditch depths, wide 40 centimetres, then with 1000 times of sprayings of effective ingredient 48% chlopyrifos dilution,
2) test-tube plantlet is prepared
Test-tube seedling transplanting coils the seedling time and is about late Febuary or early March to cave, the cave dish seedling field planting time is at the beginning of 2014 4 months, and detoxification test tube plantlet greenhouse is transplanted after 40 days and got final product field planting, approximately 12 centimetres of heights of seedling, approximately 0.35 centimetre of plant cane size, approximately 12 centimetres of blade face length;
3) field planting
Press wide-and narrow-row field planting, 45 centimetres of wide row, 30 centimetres of narrow rows, 20 centimetres of field planting of spacing in the rows, with ridger trench digging, mu field planting 8893 strains, remove drainage system, mu field planting 8000 strains, should be every during field planting 1.5 meters dig one wide 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres of ditches, irrigate normal root water after field planting is complete;
4) intertill and clean tillage
After cultivating January, use 1000 times of removals of cover grass energy dilution and undergraduate course weeds and the broad leaved weed of effective ingredient 10.8%, wide row utilizes 1000 times of effective content 20% hexafluoro the third fluoroacetic acid dilutions to remove alternanthera philoxeroides, other weeds artificial removal, after field planting 2 months, topdress for the first time, mu is executed 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers, composite fertilizer is placed on to wide row, apart from approximately 10 centimetres of plant.After topdressing, earth up, earth up highly approximately 5 centimetres, principle is to cover that to topdress, be beneficial to wide row hydrophobic;
5) fertilizer management
Ginger process of growth needs a large amount of fertilizers, fertilizer is executed in soil in conjunction with whole, and mu is executed 400 kilograms of farmyard manures (pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement), 150 kilograms of oil cakes, 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, topdress in conjunction with plant growing way situation, in conjunction with every mu of sealing fertilizer 20-25 kilogram of ridging, potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram;
Topdress: at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, stem tuber forms, and plant strain growth is vigorous, in conjunction with ridging, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25 kilogram, potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram;
6) water management
Bamboo root race is short, while meeting spring drought, should water little water once at interval of 3-5 days, during drought in summer, should water flood once every 3-5 days, stem tuber forms and expanding stage soil moisture should keep 70-80%, in addition ginger fearness waterlogging, so heavy rain, heavy rain should be noted field drainage later, and control forms waterlogging;
7) extermination of disease and insect pest
The Major Pests of harm bamboo root ginger has rhizome nematode, root maggot, soil insect, borer, therefore during ginger field management, should with chlopyrifos, high potassium dimension, Avermectin, beta-cypermethrin, to ginger, carry out pest control at interval of 10-20 days, ginger is also subject to bacterium and the fungal diseases such as pseudomonad, Erwinia, Serratia, pythium spp, during field management, should with Zhongshengmycin, kasugarnycin, agricultural streptomycin, to ginger, carry out disease control at interval of 10-20 days;
8) results
Ginger terrestrial stem section is not low temperature resistant, and temperature is spent afterwards lower than 15 can naturally withered and yellow, lodging, and after the Beginning of Winter, if meet continuously overcast and rainyly, underground ginger piece water content increases, perishable during storage; Therefore, must gather breeder's stock ginger completely the Beginning of Winter in the past, storage.Before storage, the sterilization of ginger piece application tpn.
2. detoxification ginger wide-and narrow-row corresponding cultivation techniques according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 3) press wide-and narrow-row field planting, 45 centimetres of wide row, 30 centimetres of narrow rows, 20 centimetres of field planting of spacing in the rows, ditch with ridger, mu field planting 8893 strains, remove drainage system, mu field planting 8000 strains, should be every during field planting 1.5 meters dig one wide 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres of ditches, irrigate normal root water after field planting is complete.
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| US20180077932A1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-22 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fumigant compositions and methods based on hexafluoropropylene oxide (hfpo) |
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