CN111837769B - Disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas - Google Patents
Disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of banana cultivation, in particular to a diseased plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and a cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas. The invention provides a diseased plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana, which comprises the following steps: isolating infected but not diseased plants, using trichoderma granules or powder to spread soil at the roots of the diseased plants, and spraying the diseased plants; after the overground part of the diseased plant withers, if the diseased plant is an anti-blight variety, keeping 1-2 plants for bud absorption after the withered overground part grows out of buds; if the diseased plant is a susceptible plant, using 30% glyphosate water solution to kill the corms of the suckers, removing the diseased plant residues after the corms of the suckers die, sterilizing the surrounding area, and composting and deeply burying. The disease plant management method provided by the invention can realize effective prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt by utilizing a comprehensive prevention and control technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of banana cultivation, in particular to a diseased plant management method for preventing and controlling banana fusarium wilt and a cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling banana fusarium wilt.
Background
Banana fusarium wilt, also known as panama disease, banana yellow leaf disease. The banana fusarium wilt has the advantages of wide spread route, strong pathogenicity, high spread speed, high infection rate and difficult control, plants can be infected from the seedling stage to the mature stage, and the death rate after infection is high, so the banana fusarium wilt is called as 'banana cancer'. The germs usually invade from tender or injured root tips and bulbs, so that the roots and the bulbs are lignified to block the ducts, and the lower leaves of the diseased plants are firstly in a specific yellow color and then gradually expand to the upper leaves. The outer part of the pseudostem of the diseased plant near the ground is provided with longitudinal cracks, after the pseudostem and the corm are cut open, vascular bundle tissues turn purple red or brown, the pseudostem and the corm are in strip or point necrosis, fibrous roots and lateral roots turn black and necrotic, and the inner part of the corm turns black and brown. Fusarium oxysporum wilt of banana is a disease caused by fusarium oxysporum cubense (Foc), wherein the fusarium oxysporum cubense is one of plant quarantine pests of in and out borders of China, and is listed as a national agricultural plant quarantine disease by the agricultural department, and meanwhile, the fusarium oxysporum wilt of banana is also an international plant quarantine object.
The prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt becomes one of the most popular topics in the global banana production area, and the prevention and control measures aiming at the banana fusarium wilt in the prior art comprise the following aspects:
firstly, breeding disease-resistant banana variety
The breeding of disease-resistant banana varieties is considered to be the most effective way for preventing and controlling the fusarium wilt of bananas. However, the disease-resistant banana varieties have the defects of poor economic properties, poor mouthfeel, difficult ripening, long growth period, serious head emergence and the like.
② agricultural prevention and control
The banana fusarium wilt is a typical soil-borne disease, and has wide transmission route and long incubation period. At present, after the plant is diseased, measures such as isolation, in-situ killing and the like are usually adopted for the habit. Crop rotation is also one of the commonly used methods, and crops with shorter growth period, such as vegetables, watermelons, oranges, dragon fruits, sugarcanes, and the like are often selected for crop rotation. However, fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense can be latent in soil for 8-30 years, and adverse environment can be resisted in the forms of chlamydospore and the like, so that part of researchers think that the concentration of pathogenic bacteria can be effectively reduced in a short period of time, but the risk of the fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense can not be fundamentally solved. Practice proves that banana is continuously planted after the sugarcane is planted for 2 years, and the incidence rate of banana fusarium wilt still occurs.
③ prevention and cure by changing pH
According to researches, fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense special type 4 physiological race causing fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense can still grow in an environment with the pH value of 4-9, and hyphae can still normally grow and the infectivity is not influenced when the pH value is recovered to 5-8, although measures such as lime spreading, soil conditioner application, soil fumigation and the like can be adopted to effectively inhibit the fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense in a period of time.
Chemical prevention and cure
Chemical prevention and control are indispensable production guarantee in agricultural production increase and income increase all the time, and play a great role in comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests. However, with the enhancement of environmental protection concepts and awareness of pest resistance, the use of chemical pesticides is also getting more and more careful. For banana fusarium wilt, no specific medicine with good effect on the disease is found at present.
Biological prevention and cure
The biological control has the advantages of environmental protection, multiple action sites, safety to natural enemies and the like, so that the biological control becomes the most potential control measure in the comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests and also becomes one of the global research hotspots. Trichoderma, validamycin, agricultural streptomycin, Bt microbial inoculum and the like are applied to production in large quantity, but no commercial special biological microbial inoculum is available at present for banana fusarium wilt.
In conclusion, the existing method for preventing and treating banana fusarium wilt still cannot achieve the technical effect of preventing and treating the banana fusarium wilt comprehensively.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and a cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas. The cultivation method provided by the invention can realize effective prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt by combining the disease-resistant variety and a matched comprehensive prevention and control technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana, which comprises the following steps: isolating infected but not diseased plants, and spraying root soil of the diseased plants and a copper abietate aqueous emulsion diluent to the diseased plants by using trichoderma granules or powder in sequence; after the overground part of the diseased plant withers, if the diseased plant is an anti-blight plant, when the withered overground part grows out buds, keeping 1-2 buds; if the diseased plant variety is susceptible, after the withered overground part grows up and absorbs the bud, using a glyphosate water solution to kill the absorption bud, after the absorption bud is dead, removing the diseased plant residue, disinfecting the surrounding area, and composting to deeply bury the diseased plant residue; the preparation method of the copper abietate aqueous emulsion diluent comprises the step of diluting a copper abietate aqueous emulsion with the mass percentage of 20% of copper abietate to an aqueous solution of 500-600 times.
The invention also provides a banana cultivation method for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana based on the diseased plant management method, which is characterized in that cultivation is implemented according to the disease degree of a focal garden: according to the disease degree of the banana garden, dividing the banana garden into a non-diseased area banana garden, a light-diseased area banana garden, a medium-diseased area banana garden or a heavy-diseased area banana garden; the disease-free banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being 0%, the light-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being less than 5% and more than 0%, the medium-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being 5% -20%, and the heavy-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being more than 20%;
when the scorch orchard is a non-diseased banana orchard, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: quarantine of seedlings, banana garden protection, irrigation water selection, disinfection before mechanical tillage, base fertilizer and soil management, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, water and fertilizer management, biological prevention and control and disease plant management;
when the focal garden is a light disease area banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: cleaning a banana garden, selecting a cultivated variety, managing soil, managing water and fertilizer, repairing the banana garden, biologically preventing and controlling and managing a diseased plant;
when the coke garden is a canna of the middle-diseased area, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: dividing the planting area and the repairing area into a crop rotation area and a repairing area according to the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in a banana garden in the disease area, and respectively carrying out cultivation management, selection of cultivated species, prevention and control of the crop rotation area, soil management, determination of planting time, banana garden repair and disease plant management on the crop rotation area and the repairing area; the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in the crop rotation area is 15% -20%, and the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in the repair area is 5% -15%;
when the focal garden is a serious disease area banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: crop rotation, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, ecological regulation, fertilization, soil management, disease control of bacteria and fungi, biological control, water and fertilizer management and disease plant management;
the crop rotation prevention and control method comprises the following steps: carrying out full-garden deep ploughing on the banana garden, and then crop rotation is carried out on the banana garden to obtain economic crops; the rotation time is more than or equal to 1 year;
the method of selection of the cultivar comprises: when the banana is cultivated in a banana garden in a light disease area, a banana garden in a medium disease area or a banana garden in a severe disease area, selecting a banana variety resistant to blight;
the method of soil management comprises: deeply turning, insolating, ditching, applying a conditioner and applying a base fertilizer; the depth of the deep ploughing is 50-70 cm; the exposure time is 28-31 d; the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm; the active ingredient of the conditioner comprises calcium oxide;
the method for controlling the diseases of the bacteria and the fungi comprises the following steps: spraying the dilute solution of copper rosinate aqua or dilute solution of copper chunley quinoline suspension onto the leaves and stems of banana;
the banana garden restoration method comprises the following steps: after the diseased plant to be diseased is treated by the diseased plant management method provided by the diseased plant management method, the plant to be diseased is treated in a disinfected area to cultivate the crop with short growing period, and the plant of the anti-blight variety is planted after the treatment of the crop with short growing period is finished;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: regularly applying the trichoderma preparation and the composite microbial liquid bacterial manure stock solution for 3-4 times every year; the trichoderma preparation and the composite microorganism liquid bacterial manure stock solution are alternately used; the trichoderma preparation comprises trichoderma fertilizer or trichoderma agent; the method for applying the composite microbial liquid bacterial fertilizer stock solution is applied according to the use amount specified by different bacterial fertilizer types.
Preferably, the crops with short growing period comprise white gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, sweet potato, peanut and radish.
Preferably, the cleaning of the banana garden comprises timely cleaning of dead leaves, rotten stems and weeds generated in the banana garden, and the banana garden is kept in a ventilation and light-transmitting state.
Preferably, the method for ecological regulation comprises: after planting, interplanting crops of leguminosae, cruciferae, cucurbitaceae and Convolvulaceae in 11-12 months every year.
Preferably, the method of sterilization comprises: the disinfection pond is arranged, the banana garden is surrounded, then, the banana garden crowd is limited to come in and go out, and the coming-in and going-out crowd requires disinfection in the disinfection pond.
Preferably, the method of pre-tractor sterilization comprises: spraying 1000 times of diluent of hymexazol water aqua for agricultural machinery for disinfection; the hymexazol aqua contains 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole in a mass percentage of 30%.
Preferably, the banana garden water source control method comprises the following steps: selecting underground water without the pollution of banana fusarium wilt.
Preferably, the watering method comprises: drip irrigation or micro-sprinkling irrigation.
Preferably, the method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying a biological organic fertilizer, or applying the biological organic fertilizer and the peanut bran in a mixing way; when the bio-organic fertilizer and the peanut bran are applied in a mixed mode, the using amount of the peanut bran is 500-1000 g per plant. The invention follows the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention' to prevent and control the fusarium wilt of banana, takes agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control as main and chemical prevention and control as auxiliary, and comprehensively applies various prevention and control technical measures to achieve the technical effect of preventing and controlling the fusarium wilt of banana. According to the embodiment, the cultivation method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana provided by the invention can ensure that the banana orchard in the disease-free area can basically prevent diseases; the incidence rate of the banana orchard in the light disease area in one banana production period can be controlled within 5-8%; the banana orchard in the middle disease area can be repaired for 1-2 years, so that the incidence rate of blight in the whole orchard is controlled to be below 1%; the incidence rate of the banana orchard in the serious disease area in the first year is controlled to be 10-15%, and the incidence rate in the second year can be reduced to be within 5%.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana, which comprises the following steps: isolating infected but not diseased plants, and spraying diseased plants by using trichoderma granules or powder to spread root soil of the diseased plants and the dilute solution of the copper abietate aqueous emulsion in sequence; after the overground part of the diseased plant withers, if the diseased plant is an anti-blight plant, when the withered overground part grows out buds, keeping 1-2 buds; if the diseased plant variety is susceptible, after the withered overground part grows up and absorbs the bud, using a glyphosate water solution to kill the absorption bud, after the absorption bud is dead, removing the diseased plant residue, disinfecting the surrounding area, and composting to deeply bury the diseased plant residue; the preparation method of the copper abietate aqueous emulsion diluent comprises the step of diluting a copper abietate aqueous emulsion with the mass percentage of copper abietate of 20% to an aqueous solution of 500-600 times.
The invention also provides a banana cultivation method for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana based on the diseased plant management method, which is characterized in that cultivation is implemented according to the disease degree of a focal garden: according to the disease degree of the banana garden, dividing the banana garden into a non-diseased area banana garden, a light-diseased area banana garden, a medium-diseased area banana garden or a heavy-diseased area banana garden; the disease-free banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being 0%, the light-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being less than 5% and more than 0%, the medium-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being 5% -20%, and the heavy-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being more than 20%;
when the scorch orchard is a non-diseased banana orchard, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: quarantine of seedlings, banana garden protection, irrigation water selection, disinfection before mechanical tillage, base fertilizer and soil management, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, water and fertilizer management, biological prevention and control and disease plant management;
when the focal garden is a light disease area banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: cleaning a banana garden, selecting a cultivated variety, managing soil, managing water and fertilizer, repairing the banana garden, biologically preventing and controlling and managing a diseased plant;
when the coke garden is a canna of the middle-diseased area, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: dividing the planting area and the repairing area into a crop rotation area and a repairing area according to the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in a banana garden in the disease area, and respectively carrying out cultivation management, selection of cultivated species, prevention and control of the crop rotation area, soil management, determination of planting time, banana garden repair and disease plant management on the crop rotation area and the repairing area; the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in the crop rotation area is 15% -20%, and the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in the repair area is 5% -15%;
when the scorch orchard is a severe disease area banana orchard, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: crop rotation, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, ecological regulation, fertilization, soil management, disease control of bacteria and fungi, biological control, water and fertilizer management and disease plant management;
the method for preventing and controlling the rotation comprises the following steps: carrying out full-garden deep ploughing on the banana garden, and then crop rotation is carried out on the banana garden to obtain economic crops; the rotation time is more than or equal to 1 year;
the method of selection of said cultivar comprises: when the banana is cultivated in a banana garden in a light disease area, a banana garden in a medium disease area or a banana garden in a severe disease area, selecting a banana variety resistant to blight;
the method of soil management comprises: deeply turning, insolating, ditching, applying a conditioner and applying a base fertilizer; the depth of the deep ploughing is 50-70 cm; the exposure time is 28-31 d; the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm; the active ingredient of the conditioner comprises calcium oxide;
the method for controlling the diseases of the bacteria and the fungi comprises the following steps: spraying the dilute solution of copper rosinate aqua or dilute solution of copper chunley quinoline suspension onto the leaves and stems of banana;
the banana garden restoration method comprises the following steps: after the diseased plant to be diseased is treated by the diseased plant management method provided by the diseased plant management method, the plant to be diseased is treated in a disinfected area to cultivate the crop with short growing period, and the plant of the anti-blight variety is planted after the treatment of the crop with short growing period is finished;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: regularly applying the trichoderma preparation and the composite microbial liquid bacterial manure stock solution for 3-4 times every year; the trichoderma preparation and the composite microorganism liquid bacterial manure stock solution are alternately used; the trichoderma preparation comprises trichoderma fertilizer or trichoderma agent; the method for applying the composite microbial liquid bacterial fertilizer stock solution is applied according to the use amount specified by different bacterial fertilizer types.
According to the division of the disease degree of different banana plantations, different technical management measures are sampled, so that the method not only can specially treat diseases to avoid the waste of cultivation cost of banana growers, but also can effectively achieve the technical effect of preventing and controlling the banana fusarium wilt.
The cultivation method in the disease-free banana garden preferably comprises quarantine of seedlings, banana garden protection, irrigation water selection, disinfection before mechanical cultivation, base fertilizer and soil management, cultivation variety selection, determination of planting time, water and fertilizer management, biological prevention and control and disease plant management. In the present invention, the cultivation method of the planta plantaris is specifically preferably:
in the invention, preferably, the regulated and transported banana seedlings are quarantined according to NY/T1475-2007 regulations, the seedlings are forbidden to be regulated and transported from an epidemic area, the seedlings are preferably purchased in a second-level seedling culture base with traceable seedlings and regular operational qualification, and the healthy disease-free seedlings cultured by using a soilless substrate, wherein the soilless substrate is preferably coconut chaff.
The invention preferably uses wire netting and cement piles to surround the garden, the whole banana garden is only provided with one gate, the gate and the sidewalk are provided with disinfection pools, and all people need to be disinfected when going in and out.
The invention preferentially selects the underground water without banana fusarium wilt disease pollution to irrigate the banana garden, further preferentially irrigates the banana garden by adopting the pollution-free deep-well underground water, and preferentially builds the banana garden in the upstream water source place without banana fusarium wilt disease.
In the invention, before the agricultural machinery enters the banana garden and is mechanically ploughed, the agricultural machinery is preferably sprayed with 1000 times of dilution of hymexazol water agent with the mass percentage of 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole being 30 percent for disinfection.
In the invention, the soil management preferably comprises 4.3.8 requirements in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 in NY/T5022-2006 and 4.3.8 requirements in NY/T1475-2007, deep ploughing, insolation, ditching, applying a conditioner and applying a base fertilizer; the depth of the deep ploughing is 50-70 cm, and the further preferable depth is 60 cm; the exposure time is 28-31 d, and the preferable time is 30 d; the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm, and the preferable depth is 35 cm; wherein the cultivation density is preferably 125 strains/666.7 m2(ii) a The soil management preferably further comprises a soil conditioner and a biological organic fertilizer, the dosage of the conditioner and the biological organic fertilizer is preferably 0.75 kg/plant of soil conditioner and 10 kg/plant of biological organic fertilizer, the main component of the soil conditioner is preferably a soil conditioner with CaO content of more than or equal to 40%, after the soil conditioner and the biological organic fertilizer are mixed in a rotary tillage manner, planting is performed according to plant spacing, dibbling is performed, and the fosthiazate granules with fosthiazate mass percentage content of 10% are planted in 15-20 g/hole amountAfter the soil is mixed, water is sprayed on the soil surface, and the film is covered for 1 month. The soil conditioner used in the invention is a compound preparation, has the main functions of effectively improving the soil structure, reducing the harm of soil salt and alkali, adjusting the soil pH value and improving soil barrier factors, and simultaneously gives consideration to the soil fertility and the plant nutrition. The content of CaO is more than or equal to 40 percent, so that calcium lost in the soil can be effectively supplemented, and the soil conditioner is rich in magnesium, silicon, boron and other medium and trace elements, so that the technical effect of balancing effective substances in the soil is achieved. According to the invention, the biological organic fertilizer is applied, so that the lost microorganisms in the soil can be supplemented, the soil micro-ecology is adjusted, and the resistance of bananas is effectively improved. The application of the fosthiazate can prevent and control the soil root-knot nematode and other underground insect pests.
In the present invention, the selected area of the disease-free banana garden is preferably an area of the banana garden without blight occurring within 2km of a square circle, and the variety for cultivating the banana is preferably a conventional variety such as canna No. 1, and is further preferably a blight-resistant banana variety such as canna No. 9. In the present invention, the cultivation time of the conventional variety is preferably autumn or spring; the cultivation time of the fusarium wilt resistant variety is preferably 8-10 months per year.
The water and fertilizer management of the invention is preferably carried out according to the water and fertilizer management method provided in NY/T5022-2006; drip irrigation or micro-sprinkling irrigation is preferably selected; according to the invention, balanced fertilization is preferably selected, further preferably, a sufficiently fermented bio-organic fertilizer is additionally applied on the basis of balanced fertilization, most preferably, peanut bran is applied in the vigorous growth period of bananas on the basis of balanced fertilization and additional bio-organic fertilizer, and the dosage of the peanut bran is preferably 500-1000 g per plant. The peanut bran selected by the invention has the characteristics of small carbon-nitrogen ratio, high decomposition speed after being applied into soil and quick fertilizer efficiency, and is rich in two major elements of phosphorus and potassium, thereby being beneficial to the growth and development of crops needing potassium, such as bananas. The balanced fertilization adopted by the invention is correspondingly and balanced to the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium according to different nutrition proportions required by different growth periods of the bananas. The condition that the banana is more in demand on nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the early stage of cultivation, but only needs a large amount of potassium fertilizer in the middle and later stages can be effectively relieved.
The biological prevention and control method is preferably to apply the trichoderma bacterial manure or the trichoderma preparation and the composite microorganism liquid bacterial manure stock solution for 3-4 times every year, the usage is preferably applied according to the usage amount specified by different bacterial manure types, the composite microorganism bacterial manure is preferably adopted, and the two are used alternately. The compound microbial fertilizer selected by the invention is rich in various beneficial microorganisms, such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus brevis and the like. Can antagonize pathogenic bacteria by multiple targets and multiple action mechanisms. Meanwhile, the compound microbial fertilizer is also rich in various organic matters such as amino acid, fulvic acid and the like, and can effectively repair the soil structure and antagonize pathogenic bacteria.
The disease management of the present invention is preferably: and field patrol is selected to be enhanced, so that diseased plants can be found early, isolation and treatment are performed early. For discovered blight plants, 1 plant is preferably selected from the directions of the front, the back, the left and the right nearby, the plants are surrounded by ropes for isolation, warning signs are preferably set, and people are prohibited from entering the system at will. For diseased plants, the trichoderma powder is preferably applied to an aqueous solution diluted by 400 times and an aqueous solution of a copper abietate aqueous emulsion diluted by 500 times, wherein the copper abietate aqueous emulsion is preferably a copper abietate aqueous emulsion with the mass percentage of 20% of copper abietate. In the invention, the spraying parts of the trichoderma powder and the copper abietate emulsion in water are preferably roots, leaves and stems of diseased plants, and the spraying amount is preferably until the fungus liquid drips from the plants.
After spraying the fungus liquid medicine, if overground parts of the disease plants of the blight-resistant variety wither and grow buds, preferably keeping 1-2 buds for bearing fruit plants in the next year, and removing redundant buds by using a bud remover; if the aerial parts of the disease plants of the susceptible varieties wither and grow the suckers, preferably using a glyphosate aqueous solution with the glyphosate mass percentage content of 30%, injecting the glyphosate aqueous solution into the middle parts of the suckers, digging banana plant residues after the suckers die, preferably adding carbendazim wettable powder or bleaching powder into the residues for piling and retting, and preferably selecting the methyl-1H-2-benzimidazole carbamate as the carbendazim wettable powder with the mass percentage content of 50%. After the diseased plant is dug out, quicklime or formalin with the mass percentage of 2 percent of formaldehyde is sprinkled around the diseased plant, preferably the crops with more than 3 months of fallow or short growing period are cultivated, then the species resisting the blight is selected and interplanted preferably, and further preferably No. 9 Guizhou Banana is selected. In the invention, 8-10 mL of glyphosate solution is preferably used for large plants of the suckling bud corms of the susceptible varieties, and 5-6 mL of glyphosate solution is preferably used for small plants. The method for cultivating the bananas in the non-diseased banana orchard takes prevention as a main part, and finds diseased plants early, isolates early and treats early. The spread of banana fusarium wilt is fundamentally avoided. The invention is beneficial to biodiversity in diseased plant treatment and later-stage crop rotation and interplanting treatment, is also beneficial to repairing microbial communities in soil and provides an excellent soil environment for later-stage multiple planting of bananas.
The cultivation method in the banana garden in the light disease area preferably comprises the following steps: cleaning a banana garden, selecting a cultivated variety, managing soil, managing water and fertilizer, repairing the banana garden, biologically controlling and managing a disease plant. In the invention, the cultivation method of the banana orchard with the mild disease specifically comprises the following steps:
the operation of cleaning the banana garden of the present invention is preferably: the banana garden is ventilated and transparent while being cleaned.
When the method is used for selecting the cultivated varieties in the banana orchard in the light disease area, the method is the same as the method of the banana orchard without the disease in the prior art, and the detailed description is omitted.
The operation of the invention for managing diseased plants is preferably as follows: the field patrol is enhanced, and the early detection of diseased plants, early isolation and early treatment are realized. For discovered blight plants, 1 plant in each direction of the front, the back, the left and the right is preferably selected nearby, the plants are surrounded by ropes for isolation, warning signs are preferably set up, and people are prohibited from entering the system at will. For diseased plants, the invention preferably applies an aqueous solution which is diluted by 400 times of trichoderma powder and an aqueous solution which is diluted by 500 times of copper abietate aqueous emulsion, wherein the copper abietate aqueous emulsion is preferably copper abietate aqueous emulsion with the mass percentage of 20% of copper abietate. In the invention, the spraying parts of the trichoderma powder and the copper abietate emulsion in water are preferably roots, leaves and stems of diseased plants, and the spraying amount is preferably until the fungus liquid drips from the plants.
After spraying the fungus liquid medicine, if overground parts of the disease plants of the blight-resistant variety wither and grow buds, preferably keeping 1-2 buds for bearing fruit plants in the next year, and removing redundant buds by using a bud remover; if the aerial parts of the disease plants of the susceptible varieties wither and grow the suckers, preferably using a glyphosate aqueous solution with the glyphosate mass percentage content of 30%, injecting the glyphosate aqueous solution into the middle parts of the suckers, digging banana plant residues after the suckers die, preferably adding carbendazim wettable powder or bleaching powder into the residues for piling and retting, and preferably, adding the methyl-1H-2-benzimidazole carbamate into the residues for deep burying, wherein the carbendazim wettable powder preferably has the mass percentage content of 50%. After the diseased plant is dug out, quicklime or formalin with the mass percentage of 2 percent of formaldehyde is sprinkled around the diseased plant, preferably the crops with more than 3 months of fallow or short growing period are cultivated, then the species resisting the blight is selected and interplanted preferably, and further preferably No. 9 Guizhou Banana is selected. In the invention, 8-10 mL of glyphosate aqueous solution is preferably used for large suckling corm plants of susceptible varieties, and 5-6 mL of glyphosate aqueous solution is preferably used for small plants.
The banana garden repairing method is preferably as follows: after the treatment of the central disease plant of the hair-dropping disease, after the crops with short growth period are harvested, preferably selecting a blight-resistant variety with the hole digging planting growth period close to that of the current banana garden main planting variety, wherein newly-cultivated banana seedlings need to be reinforced for nursing, and after the seedlings grow up, the seedlings are normally managed with other plants in the banana garden.
The water and fertilizer management is preferably carried out according to the water and fertilizer management method provided in NY/T5022-2006; drip irrigation or micro-sprinkling irrigation is preferably selected; according to the invention, balanced fertilization is preferably selected, further preferably, a sufficiently fermented bio-organic fertilizer is additionally applied on the basis of balanced fertilization, most preferably, peanut bran is applied in the vigorous growth period of bananas on the basis of balanced fertilization and additional bio-organic fertilizer, and the dosage of the peanut bran is preferably 500-1000 g per plant.
According to the invention, the trichoderma bacterial manure or the trichoderma fungicide and the composite microorganism liquid bacterial manure stock solution are preferably regularly applied for 3-4 times every year, the usage amount of the biological bacterial manure is applied according to the usage amount specified by different bacterial manure types, the composite microorganism bacterial manure is preferably adopted as the biological bacterial manure, and the two are alternately used.
The cultivation method for cultivating the bananas in the banana garden in the light disease area can timely treat diseased plants in the disease center, and adopts comprehensive prevention and control measures to prevent the wilt plants from spreading. Effectively avoiding the development and spread of the banana fusarium wilt.
The method for cultivating the banana garden in the mesopic area comprises the following steps: selection of cultivated species, prevention and control of crop rotation areas, soil management, determination of planting time, banana garden restoration and diseased plant management. In the invention, the cultivation method of the banana garden comprises the following specific steps:
according to the invention, the banana area in the banana garden in the mesopic area is preferably divided into a crop rotation area with the morbidity rate of 15-20% and a repair area with the morbidity rate of 5-15%. The rotation area preferably selects rotation of economic crops after deep ploughing in the whole garden, the rotation time is preferably more than or equal to 1 year, and bananas of blight-resistant varieties are preferably planted again after rotation in the rotation area is finished.
In the invention, the soil management scheme of the remediation zone is preferably according to the requirements of section 6 and section 7 in NY/T5022-2006 and 4.3.8 in NY/T1475-2007 for deep ploughing, insolation, ditching, applying a conditioner and applying a base fertilizer; the depth of the deep ploughing is 50-70 cm, and the further preferable depth is 60 cm; the exposure time is 28-31 d, and the preferable time is 30 d; the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm, and the preferable depth is 35 cm; wherein the cultivation density is preferably 125 strains/666.7 m2. The method preferably comprises the steps of spreading a soil conditioner (the main component is CaO is more than or equal to 40%) in a restoration area according to the using amount of 0.75 kg/plant, spreading an organic fertilizer according to the using amount of 10 kg/plant, carrying out rotary tillage and mixing by a rotary cultivator, fixing planting according to the plant spacing, dibbling, mixing the soil in each hole by 10% fosthiazate granules according to the using amount of 15-20 g/hole, then sprinkling water on the soil surface, and covering the film for 1 month. And (5) normally planting after soil management is finished.
The cultivation method in the banana orchard in the seriously ill region preferably comprises the following steps: crop rotation, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, ecological regulation, fertilization, soil management, disease control of bacteria and fungi, biological control, water and fertilizer management and disease plant management.
In the invention, the cultivation method of the canna plantaris specifically comprises the following steps: the method preferentially performs crop rotation treatment in banana garden areas with the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of bananas in previous stubbles being more than 20 percent, crops are first crop-rotated after the banana garden is deeply ploughed, the crop rotation time is more than or equal to 1 year, and bananas of fusarium wilt resistant varieties are preferentially planted again after crop rotation in crop rotation areas is finished.
In the invention, the soil management scheme preferably meets the requirements of 4.3.8 in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 in NY/T5022-2006 and in NY/T1475-2007, and further turns over, insolate, ditches, applies conditioner and base fertilizer; the depth of the deep ploughing is 50-70 cm, and the further preferable depth is 60 cm; the exposure time is 28-31 d, and the preferable time is 30 d; the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm, and the preferable depth is 35 cm; wherein the cultivation density is preferably 125 strains/666.7 m2. Preferably, a soil conditioner (the main component is CaO is more than or equal to 40%) is spread in a restoration area according to the using amount of 0.75 kg/plant, an organic fertilizer is spread according to the using amount of 10 kg/plant, a trichoderma solid bacterial fertilizer is spread according to the using amount of 1.5-2.5 kg/plant, after rotary tillage and mixing by a rotary cultivator, planting and dibbling are carried out according to the plant spacing, and the paecilomyces lilacinus fungicide is planted according to the plant spacing of 600g/666.7m2The dosage of the extract or the verticillium dahliae agent is 250g/666.7m2The amount of the soil is mixed in each hole, then water is sprayed on the soil surface, and the film is covered for 1 month.
The invention selects the banana variety Guina No. 9 which is suitable for Guangxi to plant and is resistant to the blight to plant in 8-10 months per year, and the banana variety Guina is covered with the mulching film and passes through the winter.
The watering method of the banana garden in the seriously ill area is the same as the operation method of the banana garden without the disease, and the detailed description is omitted.
In the present invention, the ecological regulation is preferably: preferably, after planting, interplanting crops with growth period of about half a year in 11-12 months per year, such as plant of Paederia of Leguminosae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Convolvulaceae, such as black-skinned fructus Benincasae or fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae. According to the invention, the soil is improved by interplanting the short-term plants, so that the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana of fusarium wilt resistant varieties can be effectively reduced.
The fertilizing method of the banana garden in the seriously ill area is preferably as follows: and applying a root-promoting and seedling-strengthening fertilizer before uncovering a natural membrane after winter, wherein the application method is preferably drip application or spraying, the root-promoting and seedling-strengthening fertilizer is preferably monopotassium phosphate, the using amount is preferably 5 g/plant, 1 time per 15 days, and 4-5 times continuously. The organic liquid fertilizer is preferably added by 10-15 g/plant each time while being a root-promoting and seedling-strengthening fertilizer, and the organic liquid fertilizer is preferably fulvic acid organic liquid fertilizer. The method is characterized in that a fertilizer is preferably applied in a balanced manner, the fertilizer is preferably a compound fertilizer or a potassium fertilizer, the application method of the fertilizer is preferably buried, the using time of the fertilizer is preferably 3-4 times in the whole growing period of the bananas, when the bananas are cultivated in a banana garden in a seriously ill area, peanut bran is preferably applied in a dry manner in the vigorous growing period of the bananas on the basis of the balanced fertilization and the application of the fertilizer, and the using amount of the peanut bran is preferably 500-1000 g/plant.
The invention preferably selects and enhances field patrol, and realizes early disease plant discovery, early isolation and early treatment. For discovered blight plants, 1 plant in each direction of the front, the back, the left and the right is preferably selected nearby, the plants are surrounded by ropes for isolation, warning signs are set up, and people are prohibited to enter the plants at will. For diseased plants, the invention preferably applies an aqueous solution which is diluted by 400 times of trichoderma powder and an aqueous emulsion of copper abietate which is diluted by 500 times, wherein the aqueous emulsion of copper abietate is preferably an aqueous emulsion of copper abietate with the mass percentage of 20 percent of copper abietate. In the invention, the spraying parts of the trichoderma powder and the copper abietate emulsion in water are preferably roots, leaves and stems of diseased plants, and the spraying amount is preferably until the fungus liquid drips from the plants.
After spraying the fungus liquid medicine, if overground parts of the disease plants of the blight-resistant variety wither and grow buds, preferably keeping 1-2 buds for bearing fruit plants in the next year, and removing redundant buds by using a bud remover; if the aerial parts of the disease plants of the susceptible varieties wither and grow the suckers, preferably using a glyphosate aqueous solution with the glyphosate mass percentage content of 30%, injecting the glyphosate aqueous solution into the middle parts of the suckers, digging banana plant residues after the suckers die, preferably adding carbendazim wettable powder or bleaching powder into the residues for piling and retting, and preferably, adding the methyl-1H-2-benzimidazole carbamate into the residues for deep burying, wherein the carbendazim wettable powder preferably has the mass percentage content of 50%. After the diseased plant is dug out, quicklime or formalin with the mass percentage of 2 percent of formaldehyde is sprinkled around the diseased plant, preferably the crops with more than 3 months of fallow or short growing period are cultivated, then the species resisting the blight is selected and interplanted preferably, and further preferably No. 9 Guizhou Banana is selected. In the invention, 8-10 mL of glyphosate aqueous solution is preferably used for large suckling corm plants of susceptible varieties, and 5-6 mL of glyphosate aqueous solution is preferably used for small plants.
The biological control of the banana garden in the seriously ill area is preferably as follows: in 4-6 months per year, the operations of earthing, burying and applying chemical fertilizers are matched, the trichoderma solid bacterial manure is buried and applied for 2 times, and the dosage of the bacterial manure is preferably 1-1.25 kg per strain each time. The method is preferably to drip the bacillus composite bacterial liquid in 5-8 months per year, the frequency of the bacterial liquid is preferably 30-45 d/time, and the dosage is preferably 50-100 mL/plant (the dosage is determined according to the growth degree of banana seedlings) each time.
The disease control of bacteria and fungi in the banana garden in the serious disease area is preferably as follows: when bananas are planted in banana gardens in seriously ill areas, the prevention and treatment of bacterial rot diseases are preferably enhanced, and 500-time diluent of a copper rosinate aqueous solution with the mass percentage of copper rosinate being 20% or 800-time diluent mixture of kasugamycin and a copper quinolate suspending agent with the mass percentage of 33.5% is preferably selected to be sprayed on banana leaves and stems.
In the present invention, the above-mentioned agricultural chemicals, fertilizers, bacterial solutions and the like are commercially available.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following will describe in detail the plant management method for prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt and the cultivation method for integrated prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt provided by the present invention with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
And (4) planting the bananas in a banana garden in a disease-free area.
Selecting a banana garden as a new planting field, wherein no blight occurs in the range of 2km of a square circle in the banana garden, planting the banana garden in Piguicun banana base in the Wuming area of Guangxi Nanning, and planting the No. 1 banana in 2018, 9 months and 20 days. The selected seedling is a second-level seedling produced by Guangxi plant tissue culture seedling Limited company and cultured by coconut chaff.
The banana garden is surrounded by wire netting and cement piles, only one gate is arranged on the whole banana garden, disinfection pools are arranged on the gate and a sidewalk, and all vehicles and people need to be disinfected when getting in and out.
Deep well underground water is adopted for irrigation. Before the agricultural machinery enters the banana garden to be mechanically ploughed, 1000 times of diluent of hymexazol water agent with the mass percentage of 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole being 30% is sprayed for disinfection, and the banana garden is taken out after the agricultural machinery is used.
The method is implemented according to requirements of chapter 6 and chapter 7 in NY/T5022-2006 and 4.3.8 in NY/T1475-2007, the soil is deeply turned over by 50-70 cm, after the deep turning over is finished, the soil is exposed for 1 month, then a shallow planting ditch of 30-40 cm is opened, and the density of the cultivated banana seedlings is 125 plants/666.7 m2。
The method comprises the following steps of spreading a soil conditioner (the main component is CaO is more than or equal to 40%) according to the dosage of 0.75 kg/plant, spreading a bio-organic fertilizer according to the dosage of 10 kg/plant, carrying out rotary tillage and mixing by a rotary cultivator, planting and dibbling according to the plant spacing, mixing soil in each hole according to the dosage of 15-20 g/hole of lythidathion granules with the mass percentage content of 10%, then sprinkling water on the soil surface, and covering a film for 1 month.
And (4) normal water and fertilizer management according to NY/T5022-2006. Drip irrigation or micro-sprinkling irrigation is adopted, fertilizer application is balanced, and the fully fermented bio-organic fertilizer is applied additionally.
The method for treating the diseased plant comprises the following steps: isolating infected but not diseased plants, and spraying diseased plants by using trichoderma granules or powder to spread root soil of the diseased plants and the dilute solution of the copper abietate aqueous emulsion. After the overground part of the diseased plant withers, and after the withered overground part grows out of the suckers, the suckers are killed by using a glyphosate water solution, after the suckers wither, the diseased plant residues are removed, the surrounding area is disinfected, and the diseased plant residues are piled and retted to deeply bury the diseased plant residues. The copper abietate aqueous emulsion diluent is aqueous solution obtained by diluting copper abietate aqueous emulsion with the mass percentage of 20% of copper abietate to 600 times.
And (3) applying the green agriculture and forestry bacillus agent, NCD-2, Nang sowing king compound microbial organic fertilizer and bean pulp biological organic fertilizer for 3-4 times every year according to the use amount specified by different bacterial fertilizer types.
Example 2
And (4) planting bananas in a banana garden in a mild disease area.
And (4) cleaning the rotten leaves, stems, weeds and the like of the banana garden in time, and paying attention to ventilation and light transmission of the banana garden.
The method for treating the diseased plant was the same as in example 1.
After the diseased plants in the disease center are treated, black-skin wax gourd black ground beetles are planted at disease points of banana bases in Pancun in the Wuming area in southwest Guangxi in 2017 for 12 months, normal water and fertilizer management is carried out, the black-skin wax gourd is harvested in 2018 for 4 months, and the banana garden is cleaned after harvesting in 5 months. In the same year of 6 months, 10 Kg/plant of fermented soybean meal biological organic fertilizer is applied to the disease hole where the black-skinned wax gourd is planted, and canna 9 is planted. And (4) normal water and fertilizer management according to NY/T5022-2006. Adopting drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation, balancing fertilization, and burying and applying 1Kg of peanut bran per plant in the vigorous growth period of the bananas. The method is characterized in that a whole banana garden is applied with green agriculture and forestry bacillus agents, NCD-2, Nang sowing king compound microbial organic fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer 3-4 times every year, and the green agriculture and forestry bacillus agents, the NCD-2, the Nang sowing king compound microbial organic fertilizer and the compound microbial fertilizer are applied according to the use amount specified by different bacterial fertilizer types.
Example 3
And (4) planting the bananas in the banana garden in the middle disease area.
In the banana garden in the middle disease region, crop rotation treatment is carried out in banana garden regions with the incidence rate of banana fusarium wilt of previous stubbles being more than 15%, sugarcane is crop rotation for 1 year after the crop rotation regions are deeply ploughed, and canna No. 9 is planted by turning soil and ditching.
The soil treatment before planting is as follows: besides the steps of carrying out the cultivation according to the requirements of chapter 6 and chapter 7 in NY/T5022-2006 and 4.3.8 in NY/T1475-2007, deep turning is carried out on soil with the depth of 60cm, the soil is exposed for 1 month after the deep turning is finished, then a shallow planting ditch with the depth of 35cm is opened, and the density of the cultivated banana seedlings is 125 plants/666.7 m. The method comprises the steps of spreading a soil conditioner (the main component is CaO is more than or equal to 40%) according to the dosage of 0.75 kg/plant, spreading a soybean meal organic fertilizer according to the dosage of 10 kg/plant, carrying out rotary tillage and mixing by a rotary cultivator, fixing planting according to the plant spacing, dibbling, mixing 10% fosthiazate granules in each cave according to the dosage of 15-20 g/cave with soil, sprinkling water on the soil surface, and covering a film for 1 month. And (5) normally planting after the soil treatment is finished.
And (3) carrying out restoration treatment in the banana park zone with the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of previous banana being less than 15%, and carrying out restoration zone operation according to the banana park cultivation method in the light disease zone, wherein the cultivated variety is canna 9.
Example 4
And (4) planting the bananas in the banana garden in the seriously ill area.
4-2019 in 2017, performing crop rotation treatment in a banana garden with the incidence rate of banana fusarium wilt of the previous crop more than 20% in a banana garden with a dead-weight disease area of Naringi county of Longan county in Guangxi Nanning City in rotation for 2-year watermelons, 10 months in 2019, planting a No. 9 banana tree after deep ploughing all over the garden again, covering a mulching film and overwintering. The watering method was the same as in example 1.
The soil treatment method comprises the following steps: the method is implemented according to requirements of chapter 6 and chapter 7 in NY/T5022-2006 and 4.3.8 in NY/T1475-2007, the soil is deeply turned over by 50-70 cm, after the deep turning over is finished, the soil is exposed for 1 month, then a shallow planting ditch of 30-40 cm is opened, and the density of the cultivated banana seedlings is 125 plants/666.7 m. 0.75kg of soil conditioner (the main component is that CaO is more than or equal to 40 percent) is applied according to the application amount of 0.75 kg/plant, root-sister organic fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 10 kg/plant, trichoderma solid bacterial fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 1.5 kg-2.5 kg/plant, after rotary tillage and mixing by a rotary cultivator, planting and dibbling are carried out according to the plant spacing, and the paecilomyces lilacinus fungicide is planted according to the weight of 600g/666.7m2The amount of the soil is mixed in each hole, then water is sprayed on the soil surface, and the film is covered for 1 month.
Applying a root promoting and seedling strengthening fertilizer before uncovering a natural membrane in winter: 5g of monopotassium phosphate is dripped or sprayed on each plant for 1 time every 15 days, and the application is continued for 4-5 times. The balanced application of chemical fertilizer is mainly implemented by using Shimapai and Finland compound fertilizers (15-15-15), norwegian high-potassium compound fertilizers (12-11-18) are used in the middle and later periods, 500g of the fertilizer is buried once every 45 days from the seedling growing period to the vigorous growth and expansion period every time, 3 times of the fertilizer is buried, and 250g of medium trace element fertilizers (calcium, magnesium, boron and the like) are applied in a matched mode. The fulvic acid organic liquid fertilizer such as Wujinlv and other organic liquid fertilizers is applied dropwise or sprayed for 4 times in the whole growth period, and 20g of fulvic acid organic liquid fertilizer is applied per plant. And burying 750g of peanut bran per plant in the vigorous growth period of the bananas.
The method for treating the diseased plant was the same as in example 1.
The compound microorganism organic liquid fertilizer, the NCD-2 bacillus agent and the bacterium-enriched organism organic bacterial fertilizer are applied for 3 times every year and are applied according to the use amount specified by different bacterial fertilizer types. In 4-6 months, the operations of earthing, burying and applying chemical fertilizers and the like are matched, the trichoderma bacterial manure is buried and applied for 2 times, 1-1.25 kg of the trichoderma bacterial manure is applied per plant, the bacillus composite bacterial liquid is applied dropwise for 30-45 d/time in the high-temperature and high-humidity season of 5-8 months, and 50-100 mL of the bacillus composite bacterial liquid is applied per plant (the using amount is determined according to the growth degree of banana seedlings).
The prevention and treatment of bacterial rot diseases are enhanced, 500 times of diluent of a copper rosinate aqueous solution with the mass percentage of copper rosinate being 20% or 800 times of diluent of a kasugamycin-oxine copper suspension with the mass percentage of copper rosinate being 33.5% are sprayed on banana leaves and stems, and the diluent is applied once every month within 5-8 months.
Application example 1
The incidence of disease in the untreated disease-free region banana garden, example 1, the untreated light disease region banana garden, example 2, the untreated medium disease region banana garden, example 3, the untreated heavy disease region banana garden and each banana garden of example 4 were counted respectively, and the statistical results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 incidence of Fusarium wilt in banana plantations
As can be seen from Table 1, the banana cultivation method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the fusarium wilt of bananas provided by the invention can effectively prevent the fusarium wilt of bananas by applying a disease-resistant variety and a matched comprehensive prevention and control technology, can also effectively limit the development and propagation of the fusarium wilt of bananas, avoids the infected banana garden from being changed into a abandoned banana grower, and ensures the economic benefit of banana growers.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of banana comprises the following steps: isolating infected but not diseased plants, and spraying diseased plants by using trichoderma granules or powder to spread root soil of the diseased plants and the dilute solution of the copper abietate aqueous emulsion in sequence; after the overground part of the diseased plant withers, if the diseased plant is an anti-blight plant, when the withered overground part grows out buds, keeping 1-2 buds; if the diseased plant variety is susceptible, after the withered overground part grows up and absorbs the bud, using a glyphosate water solution to kill the absorption bud, after the absorption bud is dead, removing the diseased plant residue, disinfecting the surrounding area, and composting to deeply bury the diseased plant residue; the preparation method of the copper abietate aqueous emulsion diluent comprises the step of diluting a copper abietate aqueous emulsion with the mass percentage of copper abietate of 20% to an aqueous solution of 500-600 times.
2. A banana cultivation method for the integrated control of fusarium wilt of banana based on the plant management method of claim 1, characterized in that cultivation is carried out according to the incidence degree of banana plantations: according to the disease degree of the banana garden, dividing the banana garden into a non-diseased area banana garden, a light-diseased area banana garden, a medium-diseased area banana garden or a heavy-diseased area banana garden; the disease-free banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being 0%, the light-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being less than 5% and more than 0%, the medium-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being 5% -20%, and the heavy-disease area banana garden is a banana garden with the incidence rate of the banana fusarium wilt being more than 20%;
when the banana garden is a disease-free banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: quarantine of seedlings, banana garden protection, irrigation water selection, disinfection before mechanical tillage, base fertilizer and soil management, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, water and fertilizer management, biological prevention and control and disease plant management;
when the banana garden is a light disease area banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: cleaning a banana garden, selecting a cultivated variety, managing soil, managing water and fertilizer, repairing the banana garden, biologically preventing and controlling and managing a diseased plant;
when the banana garden is a middle-diseased-area banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: dividing the planting area and the repairing area into a crop rotation area and a repairing area according to the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana in a banana garden in the disease area, and respectively carrying out cultivation management, selection of cultivated species, prevention and control of the crop rotation area, soil management, determination of planting time, banana garden repair and disease plant management on the crop rotation area and the repairing area; the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana plants in the crop rotation area is 15% -20%, and the incidence rate of fusarium wilt of banana plants in the repair area is 5% -15%;
when the banana garden is a serious disease area banana garden, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: crop rotation, selection of cultivated varieties, determination of planting time, ecological regulation, fertilization, soil management, disease control of bacteria and fungi, biological control, water and fertilizer management and disease plant management;
the method for preventing and controlling the crop rotation area comprises the following steps: carrying out full-garden deep ploughing on the banana garden, and then crop rotation is carried out on the banana garden to obtain economic crops; the rotation time is 1 or 2 years;
the method of selection of the cultivar comprises: when the banana is cultivated in a banana garden in a light disease area, a banana garden in a medium disease area or a banana garden in a severe disease area, selecting a banana variety resistant to blight;
the method of soil management comprises: deeply turning, insolating, ditching, applying a conditioner and applying a base fertilizer; the depth of the deep ploughing is 50-70 cm; the exposure time is 28-31 d; the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm; the active ingredient of the conditioner comprises calcium oxide;
the method for controlling the diseases of the bacteria and the fungi comprises the following steps: spraying the dilute solution of copper rosinate aqua or dilute solution of copper chunley quinoline suspension onto the leaves and stems of banana;
the banana garden restoration method comprises the following steps: after the diseased plant to be diseased is treated by the diseased plant management method provided by the diseased plant management method, the plant to be diseased is treated in a disinfected area to cultivate the crop with short growing period, and the plant of the anti-blight variety is planted after the treatment of the crop with short growing period is finished;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: regularly applying the trichoderma preparation and the composite microbial liquid bacterial fertilizer stock solution for 3-4 times every year; the trichoderma preparation and the composite microorganism liquid bacterial manure stock solution are alternately used; the trichoderma preparation comprises trichoderma fertilizer or trichoderma agent; the method for applying the composite microbial liquid bacterial fertilizer stock solution is applied according to the use amount specified by different bacterial fertilizer types.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the crops with short growing period include white gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, sweet potato, peanut and radish.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning of the banana garden comprises timely cleaning of dead leaves, rotten stems, and weeds generated in the banana garden, and the banana garden is kept in a ventilated and transparent state.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the method of ecological regulation comprises: after planting, interplanting crops of leguminosae, cruciferae, cucurbitaceae and Convolvulaceae in 11-12 months every year.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sterilization method comprises: the disinfection pond is arranged, the banana garden is surrounded, then, the banana garden crowd is limited to come in and go out, and the coming-in and going-out crowd requires disinfection in the disinfection pond.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method of pre-tractor sterilization comprises: spraying 1000 times of diluent of hymexazol water aqua for agricultural machinery for disinfection; the hymexazol aqua contains 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole in a mass percentage of 30%.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the banana garden water source control method comprises: selecting underground water without the pollution of banana fusarium wilt.
9. The method of growing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the watering method comprises: drip irrigation or micro-sprinkling irrigation.
10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method of applying fertilizer comprises: applying a biological organic fertilizer, or applying the biological organic fertilizer and the peanut bran in a mixing way; when the bio-organic fertilizer and the peanut bran are applied in a mixed mode, the using amount of the peanut bran is 500-1000 g per plant.
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| CN112997798A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for preventing and controlling blight by interplanting bananas and white gourds in autumn |
| CN113502246B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-06-14 | 广西科学院 | Compound microbial agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114982565A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method of newly planted banana orchard |
| CN114982566B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2024-02-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method for preventing and controlling banana garden wilt of plant-growing and plant-growing |
| CN116746353B (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2024-04-19 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer adjustment |
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