CN114009445A

CN114009445A - Disinfectant for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, application thereof and method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil

Info

Publication number: CN114009445A
Application number: CN202111399703.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋兆欣; 曹坳程; 颜冬冬; 王秋霞; 方文生; 李园
Original assignee: Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2022-02-08

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution control, in particular to a disinfectant for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, application thereof and a method for preventing and treating the crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil. The invention provides a disinfectant with active ingredients including streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops. The compound preparation has better bacteriostatic action by compounding streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin, and can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases of crops by combining with an Anaerobic Soil Disinfection (ASD) technology. The experimental result of the invention shows that the synergy can reach 30.55 to 49.78 percent by mixing the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin and combining the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin with the soil anaerobic disinfection technology.

Description

Disinfectant for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, application thereof and method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution control, in particular to a disinfectant for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, application thereof and a method for preventing and treating the crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil.

Background

The method for controlling soil-borne diseases and insect pests at home and abroad mainly comprises a non-chemical technology and a chemical technology. Chemical techniques, i.e. soil disinfection using fumigants, which are generally characterized by killing all organisms, are in a gaseous state in the soil and mobile, and therefore easily distributed, and can also kill unknown pests. Therefore, fumigants have been an important means for controlling soil-borne diseases since their use in the 40 th 20 th century. Internationally registered and commonly used soil fumigants are 1, 3-dichloropropene, dimethyl disulfide, chloropicrin, dazomet, metam, allyl isothiocyanate. However, the use of conventional chemical fumigants poses a very serious risk of environmental contamination, as well as adversely affecting non-target organisms.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a disinfectant for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, application thereof and a method for preventing and treating the crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil. The disinfectant can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases of crops, can disinfect soil, and does not have adverse effect on non-target organisms.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a disinfectant for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops, and the active ingredients of the preparation comprise streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1 (1-25).

Preferably, the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5 or 1: 25.

The invention provides application of the disinfectant in the technical scheme in preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or soil disinfection.

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil by combining an ASD (anaerobic baffled reactor) disinfection technology and a disinfectant, which comprises the following steps:

applying an organic carbon source and water to the soil, and realizing anaerobic reduction on the soil through film covering;

then applying the disinfectant in the technical scheme.

Preferably, the solid organic carbon source comprises one or more of wheat bran, rice hull, fermented chicken manure, bagasse and beet pulp; the liquid organic carbon source comprises maltose syrup and/or biogas slurry.

Preferably, the means for anaerobic reduction of soil by mulch film comprises: when the organic carbon source is a solid organic carbon source, applying the organic carbon source and then coating a film; and when the organic carbon source is a liquid organic carbon source, coating a film before applying the organic carbon source.

Preferably, the application amount of the organic carbon source is 500-10000 kg/mu; the application amount of the streptomycin in the disinfectant is 0.25-25 kg/mu; the application amount of the ethylicin is 0.25-625 kg/mu.

Preferably, after the disinfectant is applied, the disinfectant also comprises a stripping film and open air.

Preferably, the film uncovering time is 3-11 weeks after the film covering; the open air time is 3-14 d.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a disinfectant with active ingredients including streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops. The compound preparation has good bacteriostatic action by compounding the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin, and can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases of crops. The experimental result of the invention shows that the synergy can reach 30.55 to 49.78 percent when the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin are mixed for use.

Moreover, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil, and the disinfectant is applied after the organic carbon source and water are applied to the soil, so that the problem of soil-borne diseases in agricultural production can be effectively solved. And can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons in which crops are susceptible to diseases.

In addition, the organic carbon and water added into the Soil are simultaneously subjected to film covering treatment, namely ASD disinfection technology, also called as Reduced Soil Disinfection (RSD) or biological disinfection technology; therefore, the invention combines the ASD disinfection technology and the disinfectant, improves the application range of the two application technologies, enlarges the prevention and control spectrum of soil-borne diseases of the disinfection technology, simultaneously enlarges the application range of the ASD disinfection technology, avoids the mode effect difference and the popularization limitation of the ASD disinfection technology caused by the parameter changes of weather, temperature, humidity, carbon source additives and the like, is a green, low-toxicity and high-efficiency soil disinfection technology suitable for crops such as vegetables, nurseries, Chinese herbal medicines and the like, and effectively solves the problem of the soil-borne diseases in agricultural production. And can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons in which crops are susceptible to diseases. Practice proves that the compound technology can effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases of various crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers and the like, and the disinfection effect can be comparable to the chemical disinfection effect of bitter chloride and the like. The invention is a biological, organic, green and environment-friendly soil disinfection technology which is worthy of popularization and application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

Fig. 1 is a route diagram of the experimental technique of the present invention, in which the ASD compounding technique is the method of treatment 1 in application example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a disinfectant for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops, and the active ingredients of the disinfectant comprise streptomycin sulfate (agricultural streptomycin sulfate) and ethylicin. In the invention, the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is preferably 1 (1-25), more preferably 1 (5-20), and even more preferably 1 (10-15); in a specific embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate to ethylicin is preferably 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5 or 1: 25. The ethylicin in the disinfectant disclosed by the invention exerts systemic bactericidal activity, and has the advantages of stable activity, strong affinity with plants, easiness in absorption by crops, easiness in degradation and difficulty in generating plant resistance; agricultural streptomycin with unstable effect and ethylicin are mixed for use, so that the effects of preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and disinfecting soil can be further guaranteed. The results of the specific embodiments of the invention show that the disinfectant has the highest bacteriostasis rate under the proportion condition provided by the invention; the disinfectant can be used for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and disinfecting soil.

The invention provides application of the disinfectant in the technical scheme in preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or soil disinfection. In the present invention, the crops preferably include vegetables, garden trees, nurseries and Chinese herbal medicines, and the vegetables preferably include tomatoes and cucumbers; the garden fruit tree is preferably strawberry, watermelon, apple, cherry, but not limited to the above fruits. In the present invention, the pathogen of the soil-borne disease preferably includes one or more of rhizomorpha, fusarium and phytophthora.

The results of the specific embodiments of the invention show that: after the disinfectant is adopted, the mortality rates of soil-borne root knot nematode are all over 78 percent, the mortality rates of soil-borne fusarium are all over 67 percent, and the mortality rates of soil-borne phytophthora are all over 85 percent; therefore, the disinfectant can obviously reduce the number of soil-borne diseases in soil, and can effectively prevent and treat the soil-borne diseases of crops and disinfect the soil.

then applying the disinfectant in the technical scheme.

In the present invention, the method for controlling soil-borne diseases and/or soil disinfection of crops is preferably carried out in a greenhouse. In the present invention, the organic carbon source preferably includes a solid organic carbon source and/or a liquid organic carbon source; the solid organic carbon source preferably comprises one or more of wheat bran, rice hulls, fermented chicken manure, bagasse and beet pulp, and more preferably comprises one or more of wheat bran, rice hulls and fermented chicken manure; the liquid organic carbon source preferably comprises maltose syrup and/or biogas slurry. In the invention, the application amount of the organic carbon source is preferably 500-10000 kg/mu, more preferably 600-5000 kg/mu, and even more preferably 700-3000 kg/mu; when the organic carbon source is a solid organic carbon source, the application amount of the solid organic carbon source is preferably 500-10000 kg/acre, more preferably 2000-5000 kg/acre, and even more preferably 1000-3000 kg/acre; when the organic carbon source is a liquid organic carbon source, the application amount of the liquid organic carbon source is preferably 500-1000 kg/mu, more preferably 600-900 kg/mu, and even more preferably 700-800 lg/mu. The organic carbon sources adopted by the invention are agricultural waste leftover materials, so that the reutilization of agricultural resources can be realized, the environmental pressure is reduced, the prevention and treatment cost of soil-borne diseases is reduced, and the economic benefit of farmers is improved.

In the present invention, the means for implementing anaerobic reduction on the soil by the film covering preferably comprises: when the organic carbon source is a solid organic carbon source, applying the organic carbon source and then coating a film; and when the organic carbon source is a liquid organic carbon source, coating a film before applying the organic carbon source.

When the organic carbon source is a solid organic carbon source, the application manner of the solid organic carbon source is preferably as follows: applying a solid organic carbon source into soil and then carrying out rotary tillage. In the invention, the solid carbon source is easily obtained from local materials in agricultural production and has low price, and can be directly screwed into soil through a rotary cultivator in the soil disinfection soil preparation working stage, so that the method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost and high farmer acceptability.

Preferably, the present invention comprises adjusting the relative humidity of the soil in the greenhouse prior to applying the solid organic nitrogen source. In the present invention, the relative humidity of the soil is preferably 60 wt.% to 70 wt.%, more preferably 62 wt.% to 68 wt.%, and even more preferably 64 wt.% to 66 wt.%; the soil is preferably soil within 10cm of the plough layer. In the invention, if the soil in the greenhouse is viscous soil, the greenhouse is preferably watered 4-6 days before the solid organic carbon source is applied, and if the soil is sandy soil, the greenhouse is preferably watered 2-3 days before the solid organic carbon source is applied, so that the relative humidity of the soil in a 10cm range of a plough layer is ensured. The invention controls the soil humidity in a reasonable range, can ensure the ASD disinfection effect, and avoids the conditions of poor disinfection effect and phytotoxicity caused by too low or too high soil humidity, thereby influencing the normal growth of the next crop.

After the solid organic carbon source is applied, the method also comprises a film covering, and the ASD disinfection is realized by realizing anaerobic reduction on the soil through the film covering. In the present invention, the specific operation of the coating is preferably: after covering the membrane with the ground surface, the periphery of the membrane is compacted by soil. The film is preferably a PE plastic film; the thickness of the film is preferably > 0.03mm, more preferably 0.04 mm. The source of the membrane is not particularly limited in the invention, and the membrane can be obtained by conventional purchase by a person skilled in the art; in a specific embodiment of the invention, the film is preferably available from Shandong Shouguanglongxing plastics, Inc. The film can isolate the exchange of gas between the inside and the outside of the film, so that the soil is in a strong reduction state in a short time, and the effect of killing soil-borne diseases is further ensured. The stronger the membrane thickness can isolate air exchange capacity, the better the airtightness in the ASD disinfection process is, and the soil disinfection effect is guaranteed.

After the film is covered, the invention preferably also comprises a drip irrigation system. In the invention, the interval of the drip irrigation pipes in the drip irrigation system is preferably 15-50 cm, more preferably 20-45 cm, and even more preferably 25-40 cm. In the present invention, the drip irrigation pipe is preferably a capillary tube. After the drip irrigation system is paved, clear water is preferably applied immediately to detect the working state of the drip irrigation system; if the pipeline is blocked or leaks or the error between the initial end and the terminal end of the drip irrigation system is more than or equal to 15 percent, the dropper system is replaced or debugged in time until the drip irrigation system works normally. The source of the drip irrigation system is not particularly limited, and the drip irrigation system can be obtained by conventional purchase by a person skilled in the art; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the drip irrigation system is preferably purchased from Israel microminian; the specification of the drip irrigation system is preferably that the pressure is 1.25 Mpa; the flow rate per drip irrigation at normal pressure is preferably 1.9L/h.

When the organic carbon source is a liquid organic carbon source, the application manner of the liquid organic carbon source is preferably as follows: the liquid organic carbon source is diluted and applied to the soil by a drip irrigation system, more preferably by a venturi applicator in a dropper system. In the invention, the mass percentage concentration of the diluted liquid organic carbon source obtained after dilution is preferably 0.5-2%.

Before the liquid organic carbon source is applied, the method also comprises a film covering, and the ASD disinfection is realized by realizing anaerobic reduction on the soil through the film covering.

After the film is covered, the invention preferably also comprises a drip irrigation system. The present invention makes the film and the drip irrigation system consistent with the above-mentioned condition parameters and operation steps for coating the film in the solid organic carbon source and laying the drip irrigation system, which have been described in detail above and are not described herein again.

After the drip irrigation system is paved, the invention preferably also comprises the step of immediately applying water; the water is preferably applied by a drip irrigation system; the dripping time of the drip irrigation system is preferably 1-2 h, and more preferably 1.2-1.8 h; the dropwise adding amount of water is preferably 1-5 tons/mu, and more preferably 2 tons/mu.

Before the liquid organic carbon source is applied to the greenhouse, the method preferably comprises the steps of adjusting the relative humidity of the soil in the greenhouse and carrying out rotary tillage. In the invention, if the soil in the greenhouse is sticky soil, the greenhouse is preferably watered 4-6 days before the film is applied, and if the soil is sandy soil, the greenhouse is preferably watered 2-3 days before the film is coated, so that the relative humidity of the soil in a 10cm range of a plough layer is kept at 60-70 wt%. The rotary tillage mode is not limited at all, and the mode known by the technicians in the field is adopted; in the specific embodiment of the invention, the rotary tillage is preferably rotary tillage by a 25 horsepower field management machine, so that the soil is free from plant residual roots, large clods, stones and other impurities, and is loose and flat.

The water is preferably applied by a drip irrigation system; the dripping time of the drip irrigation system is preferably 1-2 h, and more preferably 1.3-1.8 h; the preferable water amount of dropwise adding is 3-10 tons/mu, and the more preferable water amount is 3-8 tons/mu. The invention controls the soil humidity in a reasonable range, can ensure the ASD disinfection effect, and avoids the conditions of poor disinfection effect and phytotoxicity caused by too low or too high soil humidity, thereby influencing the normal growth of the next crop.

When the disinfectant is applied to the technical scheme, the disinfectant is preferably applied after being mixed with water; in the present invention, the mode of application is preferably through a venturi applicator in a dropper system. The amount of water used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and it is preferable that the disinfectant is prepared by dissolving all of the thiamphenicol and ethylicin. In the invention, the preferable application amount of the thiamphenicol in the disinfectant is 0.25-25 kg/mu, further preferable application amount is 0.3-20 kg/mu, and more preferable application amount is 0.5-13 kg/mu; the preferable application amount of the ethylicin is 0.25-625 kg/mu, further preferable 6.25-25 kg/mu, further preferable 13-23 kg/mu, and more preferable 15-20 kg/mu.

After said application of the disinfectant, the present invention preferably comprises the immediate application of water. The water is preferably applied by a drip irrigation system; the dripping time of the drip irrigation system is preferably 1-4 h, more preferably 1.5-3.35 h, and even more preferably 2-3 h; the dripped water amount is preferably 10-15 tons/mu, more preferably 10-13 tons/mu, and the relative humidity of the soil in a 25cm range of a plough layer is kept at 60-70 wt%. The humidity of the soil is controlled within a reasonable range, the ASD disinfection effect can be ensured, and the situation that the disinfection effect is poor and the phytotoxicity is caused by too low or too high soil humidity is avoided, so that the normal growth of the next crop is influenced.

After the application of water, the present invention preferably further comprises a release film. In the invention, the film uncovering time is preferably 1-11 weeks after the film covering, more preferably 3-8 weeks, and even more preferably 3-5 weeks.

In the invention, the period from film covering to film uncovering can reach the soil disinfection effect, so the period from film covering to film uncovering can be called the disinfection time, the disinfection time mainly depends on the physiological and biochemical reaction processes of degradation, fermentation and the like of organic carbon sources in the field in the ASD disinfection process, the fermentation time of organic matters added into the soil is between 1 and 11 weeks, and when maltose is used as the organic carbon source, the fermentation peak period can be reached in 3 to 5 days, and the efficient disinfection activity can be realized in 1 to 3 weeks.

After the membrane is uncovered, the invention preferably carries out open air treatment on the soil obtained after the membrane is uncovered; the open air time is preferably 3 to 14 days, more preferably 5 to 12 days, and still more preferably 7 to 10 days. In the present invention, the 1 week period is preferably 7 days.

After the air is opened, the invention also preferably performs a germination test on the soil obtained after the air is opened, if the cruciferous plants normally germinate in the germination test process, the situation that the streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin in the soil obtained after the air is opened is indicated to be free from residue, and then the production of next-stubble crops can be arranged. In the present invention, the cruciferous plants preferably include pakchoi.

ASD technology, also known as Reduced Soil Disinfection (RSD) or Biological disinfection (BSDs) (Ueki et al, 2018). In 2000, Dutch scientists Blok et al (2000) found that adding organic carbon sources such as rice hulls, mustard seed powder or fish oil residues and the like into soil and covering a plastic film has good prevention and control effects on various soil-borne diseases which are strong in spreading force and difficult to prevent and control. The ASD technology mainly comprises the following operation steps: adding a certain amount of organic carbon source into the soil, irrigating sufficient water, covering the soil surface with a plastic film to isolate gas exchange, and sealing for 2-15 weeks. The series of operations make the soil in an anaerobic environment and a strong reduction state in a short time. Studies show that the ASD can effectively control soil-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, weeds and the like, and is widely applied to facility agricultural cultivation (Blok et al, 2000; Momma et al, 2008; Muramoto et al, 2016; Huang et al, 2015; Song et al, 2020; Messiha et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2016; 2018; Mowlick et al, 2012; 2013; Serrano-P é rez et al, 2017; Straus & uepfel, 2015). In countries such as the netherlands, japan, usa, china, ASD is used as an alternative technology to chemical fumigants for controlling soil-borne diseases of crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, cucumbers, bananas and the like and has been shown to significantly improve the quality and yield of crops (Butler et al, 2012; Huang et al, 2015; messaha et al, 2007; Momma et al, 2013; shennanna et al, 2014; Liu et al, 2019; Muramoto et al, 2016; Ueki et al, 2018). The control effect of ASD on soil-borne diseases varies depending on the type of organic carbon source added, the mode of film coverage, the soil conditions, and other factors (shreshha et al, 2016). Therefore, to ensure the ASD disinfection effect, the following three factors need to be considered in the technical application: the type of decomposable organic matter added to the soil, the amount of irrigation water and the tightness of the plastic film.

According to the invention, organic carbon and water are added into soil, and film covering treatment is carried out for a period of time, so that gas exchange can be isolated, and the whole space is in a closed state, namely an ASD disinfection technology. The invention combines the ASD with the disinfectant, improves the application range of two application technologies, enlarges the prevention and treatment spectrum of soil-borne diseases of the disinfection technology, simultaneously enlarges the application range of the ASD disinfection technology, avoids the mode effect difference and the popularization limitation of the ASD disinfection technology caused by the parameter changes of weather, temperature, humidity, carbon source additives and the like, is a green, low-toxicity and high-efficiency soil disinfection technology suitable for crops such as vegetables, nurseries, Chinese herbal medicines and the like, and effectively solves the problem of the soil-borne diseases in agricultural production. And can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons in which crops are susceptible to diseases. Practice proves that the compound technology can effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases of various crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers and the like, and the disinfection effect can be comparable to the chemical disinfection effect of bitter chloride and the like.

For further illustration of the present invention, the disinfectant for controlling soil-borne diseases of crops and the application thereof and the method for controlling soil-borne diseases and/or soil disinfection provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The following tests were performed according to the test technique roadmap of fig. 1:

example 1

The disinfectant for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases of the crops contains 20mg of streptomycin sulfate and 100mg of ethylicin, namely the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1: 5.

Example 2

The disinfectant for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases of the crops contains 20mg of streptomycin sulfate and 500mg of ethylicin, namely the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1: 25.

Example 3

The disinfectant for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases of the crops contains 40mg of streptomycin sulfate and 100mg of ethylicin, namely the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1: 2.5.

Example 4

The disinfectant for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases of the crops contains 40mg of streptomycin sulfate and 500mg of ethylicin, namely the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1: 12.5.

Comparative example 1

A disinfectant for controlling soil-borne diseases of crops, which contains 20mg of streptomycin sulfate.

Comparative example 2

A disinfectant for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops, which contains 40mg of streptomycin sulfate.

Comparative example 3

The disinfectant for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops contains 100mg of ethylicin.

Comparative example 4

The disinfectant for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops contains 500mg of ethylicin.

Application example 1

Indoor toxicity determination of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin

The method comprises the steps of evaluating the influence of the combination of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin according to different proportions on the biological activity of main soil pathogens by adopting an indoor dryer soil fumigation method and a binary mixed synergistic evaluation method; the evaluation method of the binary combination synergy is Hutchinson's method (Hutchinson C M, Jr M G, Ohr H D, et al. effectiveness of methyl iodide and synthesis with a chlorine for control of fungi [ J ]. Pest Management Science 2015,56(5): 413-418).

The soil-borne pathogenic nematodes selected for the study were Meloidogyne spp, Fusarium spp and Phytophthora spp.

The soil sample used in the indoor fumigation experiment is from a cucumber shed in Changpio district in Beijing city, cucumbers are planted all the year round, and the occurrence of root-knot nematode diseases (1300 live insects/100 g fresh soil) and soil-borne pathogenic fungi (the colony count of fusarium and phytophthora is higher than 4000CFU/g soil sample) and the like in the shed is serious. Removing dry soil on the surface layer, taking only wet soil on the surface layer of the plough layer, sieving and fully mixing to obtain a soil sample for indoor fumigation experiments.

600g of the soil sample is accurately weighed and placed into a 2.5L dryer. The liquid medicine of the ethylicin and the streptomycin sulfate is accurately weighed by using a one-ten-thousandth electronic balance (Sartorius, Germany), and the specific dosage and grouping are detailed in table 1.

TABLE 1 concrete dosage and grouping of ethylicin and streptomycin sulfate per 1kg soil sample

Medicament	mg/kg	Grouping
			Streptomycin sulfate	20	Control 1 group
Streptomycin sulfate	40	Control 2 group
			Ethylicin	100	Control 3 group
Ethylicin	500	Control 4 group
			Streptomycin sulfate + ethylicin	20+100	Treatment of group 1
Streptomycin sulfate + ethylicin	20+500	Treatment of 2 groups
			Streptomycin sulfate + ethylicin	40+100	Treatment of 3 groups
Streptomycin sulfate + ethylicin	40+500	Treatment of 4 groups
			Blank control	/	Blank group

The liquid medicine of each group was dissolved and diluted in 15ml of water and then applied to 600g of soil sample uniformly using a small watering pot. The soil sample needs to be stirred continuously in the experiment, and the uniformity of adding the medicament is ensured. After the application of the medicament, vaseline is uniformly coated on the opening cover of the dryer to ensure sealing, and then the dryer is fumigated at 28 ℃ for 10 days. After the fumigation is finished, opening the air for 3d, and then respectively separating root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), soil-borne pathogenic Fusarium (Fusarium spp.) and soil-borne pathogenic Phytophthora (Phytophthora spp.) in the soil, wherein the root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are separated by a centrifugal method (Liuweizhi, 2000); the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium (Fusarium spp.) was isolated using the Komada's method (Komada, H.development of a selective medium for qualitative isolation of Fusarium oxysporum from plant soil. Rev.plant prot. Res.1975,8, 114-) 124); phytophthora (Phytophthora spp.) was isolated using the Masago's method (Yoshikawa, M.; Masago, H.; Keen, N.T. activated synthesis of poly (A) -associating microorganism RNA in a photosynthetic bacteria infected with Phytophthora megaspora var. sojae. physiol. plant pathway. 1977,10, 125-138). Blanks without drug administration were set up in the experiment and each panel was repeated at least 3 times.

After the indoor test is finished, the sample is reserved for detection after the indoor test soil sample is completely and uniformly mixed, namely, the test soil sample is uniformly mixed again and then is detected after the indoor test is finished.

The effects of different treatments on soil-borne diseases are calculated by adopting a binary mixed synergistic experiment calculation method, and the investigation results are shown in tables 2 to 4.

The calculation method of the binary mixed synergistic experiment specifically comprises the following steps:

nematode survival and corrected mortality were calculated as follows: x is 100 × N1/(N1+ N2), wherein X is the survival rate (%) of nematodes, N1 is the number of live nematodes, and N2 is the number of dead nematodes; y × (X1-X2)/(1-X2) where Y is corrected mortality (%), X1 is drug treatment mortality (%), and X2 is blank control mortality (%);

the pathogenic bacteria inhibition rate calculation method comprises the following steps: x is 100X (N1-N2)/N1, wherein X is the pathogen inhibition ratio (%), N1 is the number of blank control pathogenic bacteria, and N2 is the number of medicament treatment pathogenic bacteria.

According to Hutchinson et al (Hutchinson, C.M., Jr, M.G., Ohr, H.D., Sims, J.J., & Becker, J.O. (2015.) effectiveness of methyl and synthetic with a chlorine for control of chemical of future. Petroleum Management 413 (5)), and then comparison with actual prevention of the mixture is carried out, so that the effect of binary mixing of the soil fumigant can be conveniently and effectively evaluated. The calculation formula is as follows:

e ═ X1 × X2/100, where E is the theoretical control effect of the binary mixture, X1 is the control effect of the 1 st soil fumigant (streptomycin sulfate), and X2 is the control effect of the 2 nd soil fumigant (ethylicin);

e0 is the actual prevention effect.

If the theoretical control effect E of the binary mixture is less than the actual control effect E0, the binary mixture is synergistic; if the theoretical effect E of the binary mixture is greater than the actual effect E0, the binary mixture is antagonistic.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on soil-borne root knot nematodes

Grouping	Actual E value (%)	Theoretical value E0 (%)	E-E0(％)
				Control 1 group	56.32	/	/
Control 2 group	74.86	/	/
				Control 3 group	54.82	/	/
Control 4 group	76.54	/	/
				Treatment of group 1	80.65	30.87	49.78
Treatment of 2 groups	87.76	43.11	44.65
				Treatment of 3 groups	78.67	41.04	37.63
Treatment of 4 groups	95.46	57.30	38.16
				Blank group	/	/	/

As shown in Table 2, the combination of four different dosages of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin showed a synergistic effect on soil-borne Meloidogyne. The corrected mortality rate of soil-borne meloidogyne by combining four different dosages of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin reaches over 78 percent, the prevention effect of the high-dosage combination of the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin on the meloidogyne exceeds 95 percent, and the combination of the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin has obvious synergy.

TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on Fusarium terrestris

As shown in Table 3, the combination of four different amounts of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin showed a synergistic effect on Fusarium terrestris. The corrected mortality rate of the soil-borne fusarium is over 67 percent by combining four different dosages of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin, the prevention effect of the high-dosage combination of the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin on the fusarium exceeds 86 percent, and the synergistic effect of the two is remarkable by combining the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin.

TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on the soil-borne Phytophthora

Grouping	Actual E value	Theoretical value E0	E-E0
				Control 1 group	60.43	/	/
Control 2 group	88.65	/	/
				Control 3 group	68.76	/	/
Control 4 group	74.21	/	/
				Treatment of group 1	85.34	41.55	43.79
Treatment of 2 groups	88.78	44.85	43.93
				Treatment of 3 groups	92.12	60.96	31.16
Treatment of 4 groups	96.34	65.79	30.55
				Blank group	/	/	/

As shown in Table 4, the combination of four different dosages of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin showed a synergistic effect on the soil-borne phytophthora. The corrected mortality rate of the soil-borne phytophthora by combining four different dosages of streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin reaches more than 85 percent, the control effect of the high-dosage combination of the streptomycin sulfate and the ethylicin on the phytophthora reaches 96.34 percent, and the synergistic effect of the two is obvious.

Application example 2

Summary of the test: according to the comprehensive consideration of climatic characteristics, geographic environment, planting habits, farming systems, hardware facilities required by the development of field tests and other convenient factors, a sunlight greenhouse with more than 15 years of tomatoes is continuously planted in a mountain area refuse river vegetable production base (address: large stone pit town south river village in mountain area of Beijing) in 2019, a land block with serious soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematodes and soil-borne fungi is selected to develop a field pesticide effect test (namely the method for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases and/or soil disinfection provided by the invention) and a chloropicrin test by using a soil disinfection technology compounding ASD disinfection technology with streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin medicaments and a blank control group are simultaneously arranged, and the area of each treatment cell is 20m²Each treatment was repeated 4 times.

The soil disinfection time is 7 months and 5 days in 2019; the tomato variety planted in the test point is No. 3 of agricultural crops, and the planting density is 3200 plants/mu. In the experimental process, the grower ensures the consistency of the tomato seed source, and carries out uniform and standard agricultural operations such as water and fertilizer management, pest control, cultivation management and the like on the tomatoes.

Test materials and preparation: 84% maltose syrup, the manufacturer is Jinan Kanghua chemical engineering technology, Inc.; 80% ethylicin, the manufacturer is the high agricultural and high scientific company of Hainan Zhengye; 72% streptomycin sulfate, manufactured by North China pharmaceutical products Co., Ltd; PE film (0.04mm), bio-manufacturer Shandong Shouguanglongxing plastics Co., Ltd; 99.5% chloropicrin, the manufacturer is Dalian Lvkung chemical company Limited; the drip irrigation system, manufacturer is Israel permanent plastic Motor company, product specification is: the diameter (drip opening) of the capillary is 3mm, the flow rate of each drip irrigation under normal pressure is 1.9L/h, and the pressure is 1.25 Mpa.

Treatment 1 (method of controlling crop soil-borne diseases and/or soil disinfection provided by the invention): ASD disinfection technology, streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin combined disinfection treatment:

drip irrigation pipes are laid in the shed, the spacing of the capillary pipes is 40cm, clear water is immediately applied to detect the working state of the drip irrigation system after the drip irrigation system is installed, and the drip irrigation system is timely replaced or debugged until the drip irrigation system works normally if the pipeline is blocked or leaks. After the drip irrigation system works normally, a 0.04mm PE plastic film is covered on the disinfection land, the plastic film completely covers the surface of the disinfection land, and all the working drip irrigation capillaries are ensured to be uniformly laid under the film. After the film covering is finished, the periphery of the film is tightly buried by soil, and the gas exchange inside and outside the film is isolated.

After a drip irrigation system is opened to drip water for 1-2 hours (the water consumption is 2 tons/mu), maltose syrup water with the diluted concentration of 2% is applied through a Venturi pesticide applicator, the maltose syrup is used for 600 kg/mu, clear water is continuously dripped after the maltose syrup is dripped, the clear water drip irrigation time is about 1-2 hours (the water consumption is 3 tons/mu), then a mixed liquid medicine of diluted disinfectants (ethylicin and streptomycin sulfate, wherein the ethylicin is used for 20 kg/mu, and the streptomycin sulfate is used for 0.5 kg/mu) is continuously dripped through a Venturi, namely the consumption of the allicin in the mixed liquid medicine is 20 kg/mu; the dosage of the streptomycin sulfate is 1 kg/mu, and the dosage of the water is 20 kg/mu. After the disinfectant is applied, the drip irrigation system is continuously used for carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 1-4 h (the water consumption is 10 tons/mu), the total water consumption is 15 tons/mu in the disinfection process, and the relative humidity of the soil in the 25cm range of the plough layer is guaranteed to be kept between 60 wt% and 70 wt%. And then uncovering the film and opening the air for 2 weeks, wherein the disinfection period is 5 weeks, namely covering the film for 3 weeks and opening the air for 2 weeks.

The soil depth of 0-20 cm soil layer during the soil disinfection period is 31.3-37.8 ℃. After the ventilation is finished, a 'germination test' is carried out to detect residues, namely, cruciferous seeds such as pakchoi and the like are scattered into the obtained sterilized soil, and no residues are left after the cruciferous seeds such as pakchoi and the like germinate, so that the production of next-stubble crops can be arranged. The entire soil disinfection process is now complete.

And (3) treatment 2: performing chloropicrin disinfection treatment, specifically performing soil disinfection by using a soil disinfection machine (Jiexi SYD-2T), wherein the agent is a chloropicrin preparation with the concentration of 99.8 percent and the dosage of 30 kg/mu; the specific method comprises the following steps: directly injecting 99.8% chloropicrin preparation with soil sterilizer (Jiexi SYD-2T), covering soil surface with PE film for 7 days, and uncovering the film for 7 days. After the ventilation is finished, sensitive radish seedlings are used for carrying out a germination test to detect pesticide residues, and if no residues exist, the next crop production can be arranged.

And (3) treatment: blank control treatment, i.e. no treatment of the soil.

Planting and cultivating tomatoes: and after the disinfection is finished and before the tomatoes are planted in the field, applying 500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 80 kg/mu of compound fertilizer required by the growth of next-stubble tomatoes in the field, and after complete rotary tillage, ridging and planting the tomatoes.

The tomato variety is as follows: the planting density of the medium hybrid No. 4 is 3400 plants/mu. The ridge spacing of the greenhouse cultivated tomatoes is 70 cm.

Collecting soil samples before and after field test respectively, extracting the soil samples in the field test by adopting a five-point sampling method, namely randomly extracting 5 points in a test field according to a zigzag shape or a zigzag shape to sample, collecting plough layer soil samples within the range of 0-20 cm at each point, and after completely mixing the samples, reserving 500g of fresh soil samples and sending the fresh soil samples to a laboratory for separation and detection of pathogenic microorganisms.

The disinfection effect of the different methods (treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3) was investigated and the results are shown in table 5.

Tomato growth index measurement: the tomato growth indexes are measured at the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the planting of the tomatoes respectively. The main indicators of measurement include: survival rate in seedling stage, plant height, stem thickness, and death rate of tomato. The prevention and control effects of different methods on tomato soil-borne diseases can be objectively and comprehensively evaluated through the measurement of the indexes.

The tomato survival rate investigation method comprises the following steps: and (3) surveying 5 plots of tomatoes in each treatment cell, recording the number of live seedlings and the number of dead seedlings of the tomatoes in each plot, calculating the survival rate of the tomatoes in each treatment cell, and finding results are shown in a table 6.

In order to compare the influence of different methods on the growth vigor of the tomatoes in the initial stage of the permanent planting of the tomatoes, the plant height and the stem thickness of the tomatoes are respectively counted in the initial stage of the permanent planting of the tomatoes (about 50 days after the permanent planting), and the investigation method comprises the following steps: 40 tomato plants were randomly selected for data determination at each site and the results are shown in Table 7.

Collecting tomato plant samples of different treatment districts in a tomato seedling pulling period, investigating the tomato root-knot index and root disease index in the later growth period of the tomato, and investigating the tomato root-knot index period and method: when the tomato seedlings are pulled, 20 plants are selected in each cell, the whole root system of the tomato is carefully dug out, and the root knot index of the tomato is investigated. The root node is divided into 5 grades (0-4) according to the severity of the root node and the proportion of the root node in the whole root system: level 0: namely, the root system is complete and has no root knot (0%); level 1: < 25%, namely a small amount of root knots (accounting for less than 25% of the root system amount) are formed; and 2, stage: 26-50%, namely, the root knot forms a medium amount (accounting for 26-50% of the root system amount); and 3, level: 51-75%, namely, more root knots (accounting for 51-75% of the root system quantity); 4, level: 76% -100%, that is, the root knot is large and large (76% -100% of the root system amount) (Desaeger J A, Seebold K W, Csinos A S.Effect of application timing and method on efficiency and phosphorus of 1,3-D, chloropicrin and metal-compositions in square plastic culture [ J ]. Pest Management Science,2008,64 (3));

tomato root disease index investigation period and method: when the tomato seedlings are pulled, 20 plants are selected in each cell, the whole root system of the tomato is dug carefully, and the root disease index of the tomato is investigated. According to the serious occurrence condition of the root diseases and the proportion of the root diseases in the whole root system, the total number of the root diseases is 5 (0-4): level 0: namely, the root system is healthy and complete and has no disease infection; level 1: 1-25%, namely a small amount of root systems have black or brown lesions and even rot (the percentage of the root systems is less than 25%); and 2, stage: 26 to 50 percent, namely a medium number of roots have black or brown lesions and even rot (accounting for 26 to 50 percent of the root system); and 3, level: 51 to 75 percent of the root system, namely, the number of black or brown lesions and even rotten root systems is large (accounting for 51 to 75 percent of the root system amount); 4, level: 76-100%, that is, black or brown lesion and even rotten root system are much and serious (accounting for 76-100% of root system).

The investigation mode of the tomato dead seedling rate is as follows: 5 ridges are investigated in each treatment area, the total number of tomato plants in the 5 ridges and the number of dead seedlings are respectively counted, then the dead seedling rate is calculated, and the investigation result is shown in a table 8.

The method for investigating the yield and income of the tomatoes comprises the following steps: and (4) at least 2 ridges of fixed monitoring are selected for each cell, and the tomato yield of each cell during each picking is recorded.

In order to ensure the consistency of the data, all the data are measured on the spot by professional fixers; and data acquisition is carried out on the same day.

The method for calculating the prevention and treatment effect of the soil-borne disease pathogenic bacteria in the field test comprises the following steps:

the calculation formula of the control effect (%) of the soil-borne pathogenic fungi (nematodes) is as follows:

the tomato plant survival rate (%) calculation formula is as follows:

the calculation formula of the dead plant rate (%) of the tomato plants is as follows:

the root knot (/ disease) index is calculated as:

wherein Y is the root knot (/ disease) index (%), Rx is the root knot (/ disease) rating for strain X, r is the highest rating, and X is the total number of strains investigated.

The data analysis method comprises the following steps: all data were analyzed using SAS analysis software (SAS v.8.0 for Windows). Necessary original data conversion is carried out before data analysis, and if the original data is less than 100, a square root value is taken for analysis; if the original data is larger than 100, the analysis should be carried out after the value (log 10). The data given in the tables below are raw data that were not converted. The Fisher's LSD method was used to test the significance of data differences (P ═ 0.05).

TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms (investigation time: 2019.8.22)

As shown in Table 5, the control effects on nematodes, fusarium and phytophthora by using the method of the present invention compared with the blank control are 97.05%, 82.12% and 80.17%, respectively, which indicates that the method of the present invention has strong killing activity on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, and has no significant difference compared with the chemical disinfection technology of chloropicrin.

TABLE 6 influence of different soil sterilization techniques on survival rate of tomato in seedling-returning period (investigation time 2019.9.28)

Treatment of	Average survival Rate (%)
		Process 1	98.45
Treatment 2	96.53
		Treatment 3	97.35

As is clear from Table 6, the survival rates of the tomatoes in the seedling returning stage were not significantly different between treatment 1 and treatment 2 from treatment 3. The highest survival rate of the tomatoes in the seedling stage is 98.45 percent of the treatment 1. Therefore, the survival rate of the tomato seedlings cannot be reduced by adopting the method provided by the invention.

TABLE 7 influence of different soil disinfection treatment techniques on tomato plant height and stem thickness (investigation time: 2019.10.15)

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (cm)	Root knot index (%)	Root disease index (%)	Yield (kg/m)²)
						Process 1	150.4	1.13	6.54b	8.36b	5.06a
Treatment 2	145.9	1.08	11.37b	6.77b	5.86a
						Treatment 3	125.7	1.06	64.53a	43.50a	1.99b

As is clear from Table 7, the tomato plants treated in the treatments 1 and 2 had a significant advantage in the high stem thickness compared with the tomato plants treated in the treatment 3. In the treatment 2, the plant height of the tomatoes is 16.19% higher than that of the tomatoes in the treatment 3, and the stem thickness is increased by 1.89%. The plant height of the tomato in the treatment 1 reaches 150.5cm, is improved by 19.62 percent compared with the tomato in the treatment 3, and the diameter of the stem is 1.13cm, which is increased by 6.60 percent compared with a blank control. The first picking yield of the tomatoes treated differently is significantly different: the lowest first picking yield of tomatoes occurs at treatment 3 of 1.99kg/m²It can be seen that the first plucking yield of tomatoes from treatment 3 was significantly lower than both treatment 1 and treatment 2. In the trial, the first picking yield of tomatoes of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was 5.06 kg/ml^m2And 5.86kg/m²And the data difference between the two processes is not significant; investigating the occurrence of root knot of tomatoes in each cell in the seedling pulling stage of the tomatoes: in the trial, treatment 3 had the highest root knot and disease indices, up to 64.5% and 43.50%, respectively, with both the root knot and disease indices being significantly lower for treatment 1 and treatment 2 than for treatment 3, but with no significant difference between treatment 1 and treatment 2. Therefore, the method of the invention can achieve the effect equivalent to that of chloropicrin.

TABLE 8 influence of different soil-disinfecting treatments on the mortality of tomato (investigation time: 2020.5.4)

Treatment of	Mean plant death rate (%)
		Process 1	3.43
Treatment 2	4.09
		Treatment 3	14.68

As can be seen from Table 8, different treatments showed some differences in the late-stage death rate of tomato: compared with the treatment 3, the tomato death rate of the treatment 2 and the tomato death rate of the treatment 1 are respectively 4.09% and 3.43%, the tomato death rate of the treatment 3 reaches 14.68%, and the species death rate is the highest in all the experimental treatments. It can be seen that the method of the present invention does not increase the dead plant rate of tomato.

According to the embodiment, the disinfectant is combined with the ASD disinfection technology, the application range of the two application technologies is widened, the prevention and treatment spectrum of soil-borne diseases of the disinfection technology is expanded, the application range of the ASD disinfection technology is expanded, mode effect difference and popularization limitation of the ASD disinfection technology caused by changes of parameters such as weather, temperature, humidity and carbon source additives are avoided, the soil disinfection technology is a green, low-toxicity and efficient soil disinfection technology suitable for crops such as vegetables, nursery gardens and Chinese herbal medicines, and the problem of the soil-borne diseases in agricultural production is effectively solved. Practice proves that the compound technology can effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases of various crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers and the like, and the disinfection effect can be comparable to the chemical disinfection effect of bitter chloride and the like. Is a biological, organic, green and environment-friendly soil disinfection technology which is worth of popularization and application.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The disinfectant for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops is characterized in that the effective components of the disinfectant comprise streptomycin sulfate and ethylicin.

2. The disinfectant according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the streptomycin sulfate to the ethylicin is 1 (1-25).

3. The disinfectant according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate to ethylicin is 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5 or 1: 25.

4. Use of a disinfectant according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the control of soil-borne diseases of crops and/or for soil disinfection.

5. A method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil by combining an ASD disinfection technology and a disinfectant is characterized by comprising the following steps:

applying the disinfectant according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The method of claim 5, further characterized in that the organic carbon source comprises a solid organic carbon source and/or a liquid organic carbon source; the solid organic carbon source comprises one or more of wheat bran, rice hull, fermented chicken manure, bagasse and beet pulp; the liquid organic carbon source comprises maltose syrup and/or biogas slurry.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the means for anaerobic reduction of soil by the mulch film comprises:

when the organic carbon source is a solid organic carbon source, applying the organic carbon source and then coating a film;

and when the organic carbon source is a liquid organic carbon source, coating a film before applying the organic carbon source.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the organic carbon source is applied in an amount of 500 to 10000 kg/acre; the application amount of the streptomycin in the disinfectant is 0.25-25 kg/mu; the application amount of the ethylicin is 0.25-625 kg/mu.

9. The method of claim 5, further comprising uncovering the membrane and venting after applying the disinfectant.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the film uncovering time is 3-11 weeks after the film covering; the open air time is 3-14 d.