CN109156111B - Soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases - Google Patents
Soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, which comprises the steps of compounding anaerobic disinfection and an athomin disinfection technology with soil disinfection and the like to obtain disinfected soil. The method can effectively reduce the quantity of the soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms such as fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes in the plant planting field. The survival rate of the plants in the planting period can be effectively improved, the plant height and stem thickness are promoted, the plants grow more robustly, and the dead seedling rate of the plants is effectively reduced in the later growth stage of the plants. The technology can be used as an effective technology for preventing and treating plant soil-borne diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil pollution treatment and environmental remediation, particularly relates to a matrix remediation method, and particularly relates to a soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases by using semi-soil.
Background
With the increase of the planting years and the planting density of crops, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is increased year by year. The soil disinfection technology is a soil treatment technology for efficiently and quickly killing fungi, bacteria, nematodes and the like in soil to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, soil pests and rodents, chemical pesticides are applied to the soil to kill germs, nematodes and other pests in the soil, soil disinfection is generally carried out before crop seeding, the problem of continuous cropping of crops with high added values can be well solved, the yield and the quality of the crops are remarkably improved, and the soil disinfection technology is a measure and a process for destroying, passivating, reducing or removing all microorganisms, pollutants and toxins which can cause animal and plant infection, poisoning or adverse effects in the soil. The use of chemical disinfectants such as chemical disinfectants, methyl bromide and the like to prevent and treat soil-borne diseases faces increasingly severe environmental protection pressure and resistance related to pesticide registration. In order to solve these difficulties, non-chemical sterilization techniques, such as anaerobic sterilization techniques, horseradish alkaline soil sterilization techniques, etc., which are free from chemical toxicity and environmentally friendly, have been pursued in recent years.
The anaerobic disinfection technology (ASD) is used as a soil organism disinfection technology, and can effectively prevent and control most pathogenic microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, nematodes and the like in soil. The technology mainly adds a certain carbon source in soil, increases soil humidity through watering and irrigating, activates activity of soil microorganisms, creates an anaerobic exchange environment, and simultaneously uses a film isolated with gas exchange to enable anaerobic conditions of the soil to last for a period of time. The harmful effect is generated on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms and nematodes by increasing anaerobic microorganisms in soil and generating volatile organic acid substances. The method mainly comprises the following steps of adding different stable carbon sources (mainly used for stimulating the growth and respiration of microorganisms), covering the soil with plastic cloth in the disinfection process to reduce gas exchange at two sides of the film as much as possible, filling water into the pore space of the soil by using an irrigation means, promoting the diffusion of decomposition byproducts of the soil solution, and reducing the oxygen level of the soil. Creating anaerobic conditions primarily depletes the remaining soil oxygen and soil microbial community by the rapid growth of aerobic microorganisms in the soil to transform facultative and obligate anaerobes. The soil is maintained under anaerobic conditions for a period of time, and as the soil temperature changes and carbon source is used, puncturing holes before mulch film removal or during planting allows oxygen to be returned to the soil seeds and stimulates the remaining by-products to be further decomposed by anaerobic degradation.
The disinfection effect of the anaerobic disinfection technology is limited by various factors such as soil type, soil temperature, soil humidity, carbon source adding type, covering film type, soil disinfection time and the like. The anaerobic disinfection technology is mainly suitable for high-temperature seasons between 6 months and 9 months in northern China, the soil disinfection time is usually about 30-45 days, the disinfection time requirement is long, the effective range of soil disinfection is limited by different anaerobic disinfection technology additives, and the effective range of anaerobic disinfection of solid carbon source addition of wheat bran, organic fertilizer and the like is mainly concentrated in the range of 20-25cm of the soil surface; the effective range of adding liquid carbon sources such as syrup, alcohol and the like for anaerobic disinfection can reach the range of 60cm on the soil surface. The anaerobic disinfection technology has more using effect limited factors, and the disinfection effect on soil-borne pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes and weeds is between 50 and 85 percent. The instability of its effect affects its commercialization pace.
In order to expand the application range of the soil anaerobic disinfection technology and avoid the application limitations of the soil anaerobic disinfection technology such as weather, temperature, humidity, carbon source additives and the like, a better soil disinfection technology is urgently needed, and the problem of soil-borne diseases in agricultural production is effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of limited application range and application limitation caused by weather, temperature, humidity, carbon source additives and the like when an anaerobic disinfection technology is utilized in the prior art, the application provides a disinfection method combining a soil anaerobic disinfection technology and an athomin soil disinfection technology, which can effectively make up the instability of the control effects of the anaerobic disinfection technology and the athomin soil disinfection technology and expand the popularization and application range of the technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps:
(a) and preparing soil: cleaning original plant residues and main roots in soil, scattering the soil and carrying out rotary tillage to obtain loose and smooth soil;
(b) and anaerobic disinfection treatment: spraying organic matter particles mixed with biological agents such as saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis and the like, and spraying water after rotary tillage; then covering with a TIF film, and then uncovering the film and exposing to air;
(c) and (3) horse radish disinfection treatment: injecting an athomin preparation for disinfection, covering a TIF film used in anaerobic disinfection, uncovering the film after covering, and detecting residues in a germination test;
(d) and after no disinfectant remains, adding an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer for plant growth, and after rotary tillage, ridging and planting the plants.
The soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases is characterized in that plant residues and main roots in a greenhouse are cleaned after seedling pulling of the upper stubble plants, then the plant beds are scattered by using a walking tractor, then the rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage of soil, and at least two times of rotary tillage are performed, so that loosening and leveling of the soil are guaranteed.
In the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, the organic matter particles are used as an added carbon source, and the main components comprise peat, organic matters and fertilizers; the main function of the additives is to provide nutrition for the growth, reproduction and fermentation of soil microorganisms in the anaerobic disinfection process. Preferably peat: animal manure mass ratio 6:4, organic fertilizer: the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer is 8:2, and the biochar: one or more of the granules such as animal wastes (5: 5) and the like are used in an amount of 500 kg/mu to 800 kg/mu, wherein the animal wastes are one of organic matters, and the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are fertilizers.
The soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases is characterized in that a 25-horsepower field management machine is used for rotary tillage, and water is sprayed after rotary tillage, wherein the water amount is 20 tons/mu.
In the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, in the anaerobic disinfection treatment, the film is added for covering for 20-28 days, preferably 25 days, the film is uncovered and the air is open for 1 day, the temperature is not required to be specially controlled in the process, the generally required temperature range is more than 25 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the better the temperature is, the high temperature needs a continuous process, and the film covering time with high temperature can be properly shortened.
The soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases is characterized in that the main component of the biological agent is preferably one or more of yeast, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-solubilizing bacteria, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum, and the preferable addition amount is 1-5 liters/mu (the spore content is 5 hundred million/ml).
The soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases is characterized in that a 20% athomin preparation is injected, and the dosage is 5L-20L/mu.
In the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, the TIF film covering in the athomin disinfection treatment usually needs a continuous high-temperature weather of 7-15 days, the preferable conditions are that the external temperature is 25-35 ℃, the time is 1-10 days, the film is uncovered and the air is opened for 7 days after the covering for 7 days, and the reason that the soil needs to be cooled for a period of time due to the uncovering of the film is mainly that fermented air is dispersed.
The soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases comprises the steps that the main components of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are conventional organic fertilizers with the organic matter content of 30-60%, and the compound fertilizer is food for helping anaerobic disinfection to provide growth and reproduction of microorganisms and also provides conventional required nutrient components for the plant growth process. These two substances can have a significant impact on the disinfection efficacy of the technique.
The athomin is a novel botanical pesticide, has no pollution to the environment, can effectively kill various soil microorganisms as a soil treatment agent, and can prevent and control various soil-borne diseases. The athomin is extracted from a plant source, belongs to a biological and green soil fumigant array, has no influence on the environment and soil, and is an environment-friendly and green biological soil disinfectant worthy of popularization. The athomin has certain control effect on fungi, bacteria and nematodes in soil.
The method creatively combines the soil anaerobic disinfection technology and the athomin soil disinfection technology, effectively combines the advantages of the soil anaerobic disinfection technology and the athomin soil disinfection technology, makes up the instability of the control effect of the two soil disinfection technologies, expands the popularization and application range of the technology, provides a green, low-toxicity and high-efficiency soil disinfection technology for broad farmers, and effectively solves the problem of soil-borne diseases in agricultural production.
Wherein, adopt biological agent such as saccharomycete, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, phosphorus bacteria, nitrogen bacteria in this application, the advantage that has is as follows: firstly, the microbial agents are applied to soil, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, and the salt damage of the soil caused by excessive use of the fertilizer is reduced; secondly, beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis and the like are added into the soil, so that a good standing effect can be achieved, and the risk of occurrence of soil-borne diseases is reduced; moreover, the beneficial microorganisms are added into the soil, so that the effect of improving the soil microorganism environment can be achieved, the soil environment health is facilitated, the continuous agricultural productivity is maintained, and the method for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases is safe, green and effective by adding the beneficial microorganisms into the soil again.
The practical technical key point of the method is that in the soil disinfection process, firstly, the target land is disinfected by using an anaerobic disinfection technology, and then, the horseradish root soil disinfection technology is used for secondary disinfection. The compound technology effectively combines the horseradish hormone soil disinfection technology and the anaerobic disinfection technology, improves the application range of the two application technologies, and enlarges the prevention and treatment spectrum of soil-borne diseases of the disinfection technology. Practice proves that the compound technology can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases of various crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, cucumbers and the like, and the disinfection effect can be comparable to the chemical disinfection effect of bitter chloride and the like. Is a biological, organic, green and environment-friendly soil disinfection technology which is worth of popularization and application.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly embodied in the following aspects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases can effectively disinfect the soil of a target land, and solves the problem of high morbidity of soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms (fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes).
(2) The method can effectively reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases and positively promote the growth of plants.
(3) The method can adjust the bacterial colony balance of rhizosphere soil and increase beneficial bacteria in the soil. The activity of the beneficial bacteria can not only generate rich organic matters, but also improve the physical properties of soil and increase the granular structure of the soil, thereby loosening the soil, reducing the soil hardening, being beneficial to water retention, fertilizer retention and ventilation, promoting the root development and providing a proper growing environment for crops.
(4) The method effectively combines the advantages of the soil anaerobic disinfection technology and the horseradish alkaline soil disinfection technology, makes up the instability of the control effect of the two soil disinfection technologies, and enlarges the popularization and application range of the technology.
(5) Reasonable organic matter particles and biological agents are selected, and the biological agents with the most reasonable beneficial microbial flora and the strongest action are obtained by screening the proper organic matter particles and biological agents, and the components have the technical effects of mutual assistance and synergistic interaction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the invention, all parts and percentages are weight units, and all equipment, raw materials and the like can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry, if not specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
According to the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, the method comprises the following steps:
(a) and preparing soil: cleaning original plant residues and main roots in soil, scattering the soil and carrying out rotary tillage to obtain loose and smooth soil;
(b) and anaerobic disinfection treatment: spraying organic matter particles mixed with biological agents such as saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen solubilizing bacteria and the like, and spraying water after rotary tillage; then covering with a TIF film, and then uncovering the film and exposing to air;
(c) and (3) horse radish disinfection treatment: injecting an athomin preparation for disinfection, covering a TIF film used in anaerobic disinfection, uncovering the film after covering, and detecting residues in a germination test;
(d) and after no disinfectant remains, adding an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer for plant growth, and after rotary tillage, ridging and planting the plants.
Experimental example 1 evaluation of Using Effect of soil Disinfection method for controlling soil-borne diseases
In order to effectively judge the effect of the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, garden soil samples of more than 10 years of suburb strawberries are selected for continuous planting, and indoor experiments of disinfection effect technologies compounded by an anaerobic disinfection technology and a horseradish element soil disinfection technology are carried out. The operation of the disinfection test and the separation and detection of pathogenic microorganisms (fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes) are carried out by Beijing Jiexi agriculture science and technology Limited liability company.
According to the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases in the embodiment 1, soil is disinfected, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. test procedure
Firstly, fresh soil samples collected from the strawberry plantation were brought back to the laboratory and sieved for later use, and secondly, 100g fresh soil samples were prepared in 300ml jars, and the disinfection experiment was performed according to the following experimental scheme of Table 1
TABLE 1 Disinfection test methods
2. Soil disinfection effect evaluation method
After the soil disinfection is finished, 5g of fresh soil samples are weighed respectively after the experiment soil is completely mixed and sent to a laboratory for the separation and detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms tested and separated mainly comprise nematodes, fusarium, phytophthora and the like so as to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the control effect of the anaerobic disinfection technology and the athomin compound soil disinfection technology on strawberry soil-borne diseases.
The soil-borne pathogen Fusarium (Fusarium spp.) was isolated using the Komada's method (Komada et al 1975). Phytophthora (Phytophthora spp.) and Pythium (Phythium spp.) were isolated using the Masago's method (Masago et al, 1977). Soil nematodes were isolated by centrifugation (Liu Wei Zhi, 2000).
3. Soil disinfection effect
And (3) displaying a separation detection result of the soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, and displaying a separation detection result of the extracted soil sample after the disinfection (table 2): compared with the blank control, the control effects on nematodes, fusarium and phytophthora are respectively 90.85%, 73.89% and 82.07% by the anaerobic disinfection technology and the horseradish hormone compound soil disinfection method, which shows that the two technologies have strong killing activity on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, and the soil disinfection effect is good compared with the chloropicrin chemical disinfection technology.
TABLE 2 influence of anaerobic and athomin-sterilizing compounded soil sterilization treatment technology on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms
Experimental example 2 evaluation of Using Effect of soil Disinfection method for controlling soil-borne diseases
In order to effectively judge the effect of the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, a garden with more than 10 years of continuous planting of Jingsuburb strawberries is selected, and a disinfection effect technical test combining an anaerobic disinfection technology and a horseradish element soil disinfection technology is developed. The soil disinfection time is 2016, 6 and 5 days; the test point for planting strawberry species is as follows: red face; the planting density is 10000 plants per mu. The garden is matched with the experiment to ensure that the strawberries in the season adopt unified seedling sources, and the same water and fertilizer management and production cultivation management are carried out. The disinfection test operation and the separation detection of pathogenic microorganisms, and the investigation and collection of other test indexes are entrusted to the development of Beijing Jiexi agriculture science and technology Limited liability company. The separation and detection of soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms (fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes) are carried out, and the growth indexes of the strawberries in the growth period are tracked and investigated, so that the influence of different disinfection methods on the production of the strawberries can be objectively and comprehensively evaluated.
According to the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases in the embodiment 1, soil is disinfected, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. test procedure
First, the soil is prepared. After seedling pulling is carried out on the last-stubble strawberries, the strawberry residues and the main roots in the greenhouse are cleaned out, then the strawberry ridges are scattered by using a hand tractor, then the rotary cultivator is used for carrying out soil rotary tillage, and the soil is loosened and leveled at least twice.
Then carrying out anaerobic soil disinfection technical treatment. 2 liters/mu of microzyme and nitrogen-decomposing bacteria biological agent are added into the greenhouse in a well-mixed manner, and the organic matter particles in the Jiexii agricultural department comprise peat as the main component: animal waste (6: 4) with the dosage of 600 kg/mu is rotary-tilled by using a 25-horsepower field management machine, and water is sprayed after rotary tillage, wherein the water quantity is 20 tons/mu. And then covered with a TIF film. Covering for 25 days, then uncovering the film and opening the air for 1 day.
Then, the horseradish tree is disinfected. The quick-acting western SYD-2T soil is used for disinfection and injection, the medicament is 20% of an athomin preparation, and the dosage is 5L-20L/mu; covering with TIF film for 7 days, and uncovering the film for 7 days after 7 days. After the open air is finished, a 'germination test' is carried out to detect residues, and if no residues exist, the production of the next crop can be arranged. The entire soil disinfection process is now complete.
And (3) applying 50kg-80 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15-15-15) required by growth of next-stubble strawberries in the field after disinfection and before field planting of the strawberries, and ridging and field planting the strawberries after complete rotary tillage.
2. Soil disinfection effect evaluation method
After the soil disinfection is finished, a five-point sampling method is adopted to extract a soil sample, and then 500g of fresh soil sample is reserved and sent to a laboratory for separation and detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms tested and separated mainly comprise nematodes, fusarium, phytophthora and the like, and the survival rate in the seedling stage, the growth index in the growth stage and the death rate in the later stage of the strawberry are tracked and investigated, so that the prevention and treatment effect of the anaerobic disinfection technology and the athomin combined soil disinfection technology on the strawberry soil-borne diseases can be objectively and comprehensively evaluated.
Tracking and investigating are respectively carried out at the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the field planting of the strawberries, and the investigation content is indexes of separation detection of soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms (fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes), seedling survival rate, plant height of the strawberries, stem thickness, death rate and the like before and after disinfection. In order to ensure the consistency of the data, all the data are measured on the spot by the fixed personnel of the company; and data acquisition is carried out on the same day.
3. Soil disinfection effect
The results of the separation detection of the soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms show that the results of the soil samples extracted after the disinfection are finished show that: compared with a blank control, the control effects on nematodes, fusarium and phytophthora are 94.63%, 84.95% and 90.14% respectively by the anaerobic disinfection technology and the horseradish hormone compound soil disinfection method, which shows that the two technologies have strong killing activity on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, and the soil disinfection effect is good compared with the chloropicrin chemical disinfection technology.
TABLE 3 influence of anaerobic and Armoracin Disinfection on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms (investigation time: 2016.8.22)
And (4) surveying 4 frames of strawberries in each processing cell in a surveying mode at 2016, 9 and 28 days, recording the number of live seedlings and the number of dead seedlings of the strawberries in each frame, and calculating the survival rate of the strawberries in each processing cell.
Survival rate = (number of live seedlings)/(total number of seedlings per furrow) × 100
It can be seen from table 4 that the difference between the survival rate of strawberry in seedling returning stage and the blank control area is not obvious in different disinfection treatment modes. The highest survival rate of the strawberries in the seedling stage is 97.48% in the compound processing area of the anaerobic disinfection and the athomin disinfection technology.
TABLE 4 influence of different soil sterilization treatment techniques on survival rate of strawberry in seedling returning period (investigation time: 2016.9.28)
In order to compare the influence of soil disinfection by a soil reduction disinfection method on the growth vigor of strawberries at the initial stage of strawberry field planting, the plant height and stem thickness of the strawberries are respectively counted at the initial stage of strawberry field planting (about 50 days after field planting), and the investigation method comprises the steps of randomly extracting 40 strawberries at each place for data determination, wherein the investigation time is 2016 years, 10 months and 15 days.
As shown in Table 5, the strawberry plants have significant advantages in height and stem thickness after anaerobic sterilization, horse radish sterilization, compounding and chloropicrin treatment compared with the blank control area. The plant height of the strawberries in the chloropicrin treatment area is 8.05 percent higher than that of the strawberries in the control area, and the stem thickness is increased by 11.19 percent. The stem thickness of the strawberries in the anaerobic disinfection and athomin disinfection technology compound treatment area is improved by 2.80 percent compared with that in a blank control area, and the plant height is increased by 8.56 percent compared with that in the blank control area.
TABLE 5 influence of different soil sterilization treatment techniques on the plant height and stem thickness of strawberries (investigation time: 2016.10.15)
And in No. 5 and No. 4 of 2017, collecting data of strawberry plant samples in different treatment areas to investigate the dead seedling rate of the strawberry in the later growth period. 5 ridges are investigated in each treatment area, the total number of strawberry plants in the 5 ridges and the number of dead seedlings are respectively counted, and then the dead seedling rate is calculated.
Dead seedling rate = (number of dead seedlings/total number of investigated plants) × 100
As shown in Table 6, different soil disinfection treatment areas have certain difference on the late-stage seedling death rate of strawberries. Compared with a blank control area, the strawberry death rate after the compound treatment of the chloropicrin, the anaerobic disinfection and the athomin disinfection technology is respectively 4.10 percent and 10.92 percent. The strawberry seedling death rate in the blank control area reaches 18.85 percent, and the strawberry seedling death rate in all the test treatment areas is the highest.
TABLE 6 influence of different soil sterilization treatment techniques on the strawberry seedling mortality (investigation time: 2017.5.4)
4. Summary of soil Disinfection Effect
The anaerobic disinfection and the athomin disinfection technology are combined with the soil disinfection technology, so that the quantity of soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, such as fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes, in the strawberry planting field can be effectively reduced. The survival rate of the strawberries in the field planting period can be effectively improved, the plant height and stem thickness of the strawberries are promoted, the strawberries grow more robustly, and the seedling death rate of the strawberries is effectively reduced in the later growth period of the strawberries. The technology can be used as an effective technology for preventing and treating strawberry soil-borne diseases.
By adopting the repairing method in the embodiment 1 to repair the semi-soil semi-matrix for cultivation, from the results of the control effect on fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes, the influence on the survival rate in the planting period, the influence on the plant height and stem thickness of the strawberries and the influence on the dead seedling rate and yield of the strawberries, after the strawberries are cultivated in the disinfected soil, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is effectively inhibited, and the plant height, stem thickness and live seedling number of the strawberries are increased to a certain extent.
5. Influence of different biological agents and organic matter particle types on soil disinfection effect
In the research process, different biological agents and different organic matter particles are selected to influence the soil disinfection effect, the following experiments are carried out in the application, the separation detection result of the soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms is shown, and the result of the soil sample extracted after disinfection is shown (table 7): when the anaerobic disinfection technology and the horseradish hormone compound soil disinfection method are used for treatment, different biological agents and organic matter particle types have different soil disinfection effects, compared with a blank control, the disinfection effects of the embodiment of the application on nematodes, fusarium and phytophthora are 94.63%, 84.95% and 90.14% respectively, which shows that the two technologies have strong killing activity on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, compared with the blank control, the other alternative schemes selected in the experiment have control effects on the nematodes, fusarium and phytophthora of 79.02%, 79.02%, 79.02% or 84.39%, 79.47% and 83.62% respectively, and although the disinfection effects are better, the disinfection effects are obviously reduced compared with the embodiment of the application.
TABLE 7 Effect of anaerobic Disinfection and Horseradish Disinfection Compound soil Disinfection treatment technology on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms (investigation time: 2016.8.22)
As can be seen from the results in table 7, the soil disinfection effect is significantly different for different biological agents and different organic particles, and when the biological agents and the organic particles are replaced by other species with equal amount and equal proportion, such as bacillus, bacillus sphaericus and charcoal: organic matter (5: 5) or bacillus pumilus, bacillus cereus and syrup: after the organic fertilizer (5: 5) is added, compared with a blank control, the soil disinfection effect of the organic fertilizer is 79.02%, 86.87%, 77.66% or 84.39%, 83.62% or 79.47% respectively, which shows that the technology has strong killing activity on soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, but the effect is not as good as that of the biological agent and organic matter particles adopted in the application, and the soil disinfection effect is obviously reduced compared with the embodiment of the application.
In conclusion, the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases has the following effects:
1) the soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases can effectively prevent and treat fusarium, phytophthora and nematodes.
2) The soil disinfection method for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases can promote the growth of strawberry plants and improve the number of live seedlings of strawberries.
3) The influence of the types of the biological agents and the organic matter particles on the soil disinfection effect is also very obvious.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated in some detail by the inventor, it should be understood that modifications to the above-described embodiments, and equivalents thereto, may occur to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that such modifications and improvements be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases comprises the following steps:
(a) and preparing soil: cleaning original plant residues and main roots in soil, scattering the soil and carrying out rotary tillage to obtain loose and smooth soil;
(b) and anaerobic disinfection treatment: spreading organic matter particles mixed with the biological agent, and spraying water after rotary tillage; then covering with a TIF film, and then uncovering the film and exposing to air;
(c) and (3) horse radish disinfection treatment: injecting an athomin preparation for disinfection, covering a TIF film used in anaerobic disinfection, uncovering the film after covering, and detecting residues in a germination test;
(d) after no disinfectant remains, adding organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer for plant growth, making furrows after rotary tillage, and planting plants;
the main component of the biological agent is one or more of saccharomycetes, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-solubilizing bacteria, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum, the adding amount is 1-5 liters/mu, and the spore content is 5 hundred million/ml.
2. A soil disinfecting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stubble of the greenhouse and the main roots are cleaned after seedling pulling of the stubble of the plant, the plant bed is broken up by a walking tractor, and rotary tillage is carried out by a rotary cultivator at least twice to ensure loose and flat soil.
3. A soil disinfecting method for controlling soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, wherein a 25-horsepower garden management machine is used for rotary tillage, and water is sprayed after rotary tillage with a water amount of 20 tons/mu.
4. The soil disinfection method for controlling soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, wherein in the anaerobic disinfection treatment, the film is covered for 20-28 days, and the film is uncovered for 1 day.
5. The soil disinfection method for controlling soil-borne diseases of claim 1, wherein the injection of 20% horseradish hormone preparation is 5L-20L/mu.
6. The soil disinfection method for controlling soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, wherein the TIF film is covered in the athomin disinfection treatment under the conditions of an external temperature of 25 to 35 ℃ and a time of 1 to 10 days.
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| CN111480410B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-07-29 | 吐鲁番市农业技术推广中心 | Method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of facility soil |
| CN112673907A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-04-20 | 北京市植物保护站 | Integrated treatment method for facility strawberry residues and soil |
| CN113303051A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-27 | 北京亚戈农生物药业有限公司 | Method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil and application thereof |
| CN113383687A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-14 | 甘肃中医药大学 | Method for raising seedlings of winter wheat afterreap angelica and controlling early bolting rate |
| CN113893363A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-07 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Combined soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases |
| CN114009445A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-08 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Disinfectant for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, application thereof and method for preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases and/or disinfecting soil |
| CN118077355A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-05-28 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil organic matter increment upgrading method based on compatibility of different active carbon source materials |
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