CN113303051A - Method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil and application thereof - Google Patents

Method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113303051A
CN113303051A CN202110540029.9A CN202110540029A CN113303051A CN 113303051 A CN113303051 A CN 113303051A CN 202110540029 A CN202110540029 A CN 202110540029A CN 113303051 A CN113303051 A CN 113303051A
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soil
agricultural
biological
agent
parts
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侯福新
杨国权
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Beijing Agron Bio Pharm Co ltd
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Beijing Agron Bio Pharm Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A01N47/46—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=C=S groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly discloses a method for comprehensively improving and remediating soil and an application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, soil disinfection treatment: killing harmful microorganisms in soil by a physical or biological method; s2, soil organization and fertilization: supplementing biological organic fertilizer or returning organic material to field in situ or nearby for conversion, and increasing soil organic matter and beneficial microorganism; s3, balancing soil mineral nutrition: detecting and analyzing the soil nutrient condition, supplementing mineral elements in a targeted manner, and balancing mineral nutrition in the soil; s4, passivating soil heavy metals: and adding a passivator into the soil, and passivating the heavy metal in the soil by using the passivator. The method for comprehensively improving and repairing the soil can effectively remove harmful microorganisms and heavy metals in the soil, increase the soil fertility and the fertilizer retention capacity and meet the market demand.

Description

Method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil and application thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a method for comprehensively improving and remediating soil and application thereof.
Background
Along with the improvement of living standard of people, agriculture is rapidly developed. However, due to urban pollution, long-term application of various agricultural chemicals, pollution of soil is caused to various degrees, and the soil pollution directly affects the growth and yield of crops. When the soil pollution is repaired, a soil conditioner is generally added into the soil, and the soil conditioner and the soil are uniformly mixed, so that the aim of improving the soil pollution is fulfilled. In practical application, the applicant finds that although the soil conditioner can improve the looseness and the fertility of the soil, the repaired soil also contains a large amount of harmful microorganisms, namely the soil conditioner cannot control the harmful microorganisms in the soil; after some soil is disinfected, the micro-ecological environment of the soil is destroyed; and the quality of agricultural products is hidden danger caused by heavy metal pollution of the soil. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and systematic soil improvement and remediation method capable of removing harmful substances from soil and improving soil fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to remove harmful substances in soil pollution and improve soil fertility, the application provides a method for comprehensively improving and repairing soil and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil disinfection treatment
Killing harmful microorganisms in soil by a physical or biological method;
s2, soil organization and fertilization
Supplementing biological organic fertilizer or returning organic material to field in situ or nearby for conversion, and increasing soil organic matter and beneficial microorganism;
s3 balancing soil mineral nutrition
Detecting and analyzing the soil nutrient condition, supplementing mineral elements in a targeted manner, and balancing mineral nutrition in the soil;
s4, passivating soil heavy metals
And adding a passivator into the soil, and passivating the heavy metal in the soil by using the passivator.
By adopting the technical scheme, harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated and killed by a physical or biological method, so that the harmful microorganisms in the soil are effectively removed. Then adding biological organic fertilizer or organic material into the soil, supplementing mineral elements, increasing organic matters, beneficial microorganisms and mineral nutrition of the soil, and increasing the soil fertility. And then, a passivator is added into the soil, the passivator adsorbs heavy metals in the soil, the pollution of the heavy metals to the soil is reduced, the fertility of the soil is increased, the soil is comprehensively improved and repaired, harmful microorganisms and heavy metals in the soil pollution are effectively removed, the soil has the advantages of good fertility and good fertilizer conservation, and the market demand is met.
Optionally, in step S1, the soil disinfection treatment is performed to kill harmful microorganisms in soil by using a biological method, and specifically, the following method is adopted:
diluting the biological fumigant by 800 times of water by 100 times to obtain a biological fumigant diluent;
uniformly mixing the biological fumigant diluent with soil, then covering a plastic mulching film on the soil surface, fumigating and disinfecting for 5-15 days, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 3-10 days;
and the application amount of the biological fumigant diluent is 2-10 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the biological fumigant enters the soil, the effective components in the biological fumigant are slowly released into the soil, harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated, the harmful microorganisms in the soil are effectively removed, the plastic mulching film is utilized, volatilization of the effective components is reduced, the harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated, after the fumigation is completed, the plastic mulching film is uncovered, the biological fumigant is volatilized, the influence of the biological fumigant on a biological organic fertilizer, a passivator and plants is reduced, and the practicability of the method for comprehensively improving and repairing the soil is improved.
Optionally, the biological fumigant is a biological agent containing athomin as an active ingredient.
By adopting the technical scheme, the athomin has unique irritation and pungent taste, also has strong fumigating activity, and also has the advantage of environmental friendliness.
Optionally, the biological fumigant is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 15-30 parts of allyl isothiocyanate, 0-11 parts of ethyl isothiocyanate, 7-35 parts of ethyl acetate, 5-35 parts of sec-butyl acetate, 5-47 parts of cyclohexanone, 2-6 parts of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and 7-11 parts of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether.
By adopting the technical scheme, allyl isothiocyanate and ethyl isothiocyanate are active essential oil substances, so that the fumigant has strong fumigating activity, can effectively fumigate and kill pathogenic bacteria, root-knot nematodes and the like in soil, and has the advantage of environmental friendliness. The ethyl acetate and the sec-butyl acetate are added, so that the drug effects of allyl isothiocyanate and ethyl isothiocyanate can be effectively improved, a synergistic effect is achieved, and the using effect of the biological fumigant is improved. The cyclohexanone, the calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether are added, so that the storage of the mixed material composition is facilitated, the storage time of the mixed material composition is prolonged, and the use of the biological fumigant is facilitated.
Optionally, in step S1, the soil disinfection treatment is performed by killing harmful microorganisms in the soil by a physical method, and specifically, the following method is adopted:
preparing ozone by using an ozone generator, introducing the ozone into water to obtain ozone water, and irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using the ozone water for 12-36 hours;
the concentration of the ozone water is 2-20mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 4-7 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ozone has good oxidation and sterilization effects, enters the soil and kills harmful microorganisms in the soil, and the killing of the harmful microorganisms is completed.
Optionally, in step S1, the soil disinfection treatment is performed by killing harmful microorganisms in the soil by a physical method, and specifically, the following method is adopted:
preparing ozone by using an ozone generator, introducing the ozone into water to obtain ozone water, irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using the ozone water, then covering a plastic mulching film on the surface of the soil, irrigating and disinfecting for 12-36h, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 3-10 d;
the concentration of the ozone water is 2-20mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 4-7 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the volatilization of ozone is reduced by utilizing the plastic mulching film, and after the fumigating and killing is completed, the plastic mulching film is uncovered, so that the ozone in the soil is volatilized, the influence of the ozone on a biological organic fertilizer, a passivating agent and plants is reduced, and the practicability of the method for comprehensively improving and repairing the soil is improved.
Optionally, in step S2, in the soil organic fertilization, supplementary bio-organic fertilizer is used to increase soil organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, and the following method is specifically adopted:
adding a biological organic fertilizer into the soil, and uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the soil;
and the application amount of the biological organic fertilizer is 30-1000 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the application of the bio-organic fertilizer is simple and convenient.
Optionally, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 54.5-65.3 parts of agricultural and forestry waste, 13-17 parts of mushroom bran, 13-17 parts of excrement, 7-9 parts of chitosan, 0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus subtilis agent, 0.1-1 part of bacillus licheniformis agent, 0.1-1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent and 10-20 parts of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus subtilis has the advantage of fast growth, can generate a large amount of plant hormones and organic acids, regulates the microbial flora structure, and improves the fertility of soil. The bacillus licheniformis is easy to survive, has strong fertility, and can induce plants to generate resistance, improve plant immunity and promote plant growth. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens can generate active substances such as low-molecular-weight antibiotics, antibacterial proteins, polypeptides, gibberellins, indoleacetic acid, cytokinins and the like, promotes plant growth, and can induce plants to generate resistance and improve plant immunity. Through the synergistic effect of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the agricultural and forestry wastes, fungus chaff, excrement and chitosan are effectively fermented, the fertility and fertility preservation of soil are improved, and the growth of plants is promoted.
Optionally, the agricultural and forestry waste is a mixture of rice hulls and pine barks, and the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the pine barks is 1 (0.3-0.8).
By adopting the technical scheme, the agricultural and forestry waste is optimized, the agricultural and forestry waste is convenient to select, and the use effect of the bio-organic fertilizer is improved.
Optionally, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
s11, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent into water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
s12, stirring and uniformly mixing part of the agricultural and forestry waste, the mushroom bran and the excrement, then spraying a premix, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, then stacking and fermenting for 4-7d at room temperature, then heating to 60-70 ℃, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 15-20d to obtain a mixture;
s13, adding chitosan into the mixture, stirring and uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 10-15d at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the rest agricultural and forestry waste, stirring and uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting for 1-3d at the room temperature to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer;
the weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in the step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in the step S13 is 1 (0.3-0.5); the humidity of stacking fermentation is 50-70%.
By adopting the technical scheme, partial agricultural and forestry wastes, fungus chaff and excrement are fermented in partial steps, so that most of agricultural and forestry wastes are completely fermented, meanwhile, partial agricultural and forestry wastes are added in the step S13, the rest agricultural and forestry wastes can be continuously fermented, soil can be effectively loosened, after the bio-organic fertilizer is added into the soil, the agricultural and forestry wastes are continuously fermented, and the soil fertility preserving capability is improved.
Optionally, in step S2, in the soil organic fertilization, organic materials are returned to the field in situ or nearby for conversion, so as to increase soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms, and the following method is specifically adopted:
piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, returning the organic fertilizer to the field, and mixing uniformly with soil;
and the humidity of the heap fermentation is 50-70%.
By adopting the technical scheme, local and nearby agricultural and forestry wastes are utilized to provide organic matters for soil, so that the method is simple and convenient, and the cost is reduced.
Optionally, the addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 1-3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 50-1500 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the application amounts of the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent and the organic fertilizer are limited, and the construction of the method for comprehensively improving and repairing soil is facilitated.
Optionally, in step S2, in the soil organic fertilization, organic materials are returned to the field in situ or nearby for conversion, so as to increase soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms, and the following method is specifically adopted:
piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 5-10 days, then adding a potassium-silicon-calcium regulator and fly ash, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
flattening the mixed material on the surface of soil, then applying a microbial preparation suitable for the local environment, uniformly mixing the mixed material with the soil, returning the mixed material to the field and fermenting for 10-20 days;
and the humidity of the heap fermentation is 50-70%.
By adopting the technical scheme, local and nearby agricultural and forestry wastes are utilized to provide organic matters for the soil, and a microbial preparation is added to increase the organic matters and beneficial microorganisms of the soil.
Optionally, the addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 1-3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator is 5-8wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 3-5wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the application amount of the mixed material is 40-1200 kg/mu, and the application amount of the microbial preparation is 0.5-1 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the application amounts of the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator, the fly ash and the microbial preparation are limited, so that the construction of the method for comprehensively improving and repairing soil is facilitated.
Optionally, in step S4, the following method is specifically adopted for soil heavy metal passivation:
adding a passivator into the soil, and uniformly mixing the passivator with the soil;
and the application amount of the passivator is 5-10 kg/mu;
the passivator is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 22-28 parts of phosphate rock, 9-11 parts of dolomite, 6-8 parts of sodium humate, 28-32 parts of straw carbon, 9-11 parts of turf and 7-9 parts of sodium bentonite.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, phosphorus ore, dolomite, sodium humate provide nutrient composition for soil, and straw charcoal, grass peat, sodium bentonite not only can provide nutrition for soil, but also can adsorb the heavy metal in the soil to play the effect of passivation to heavy metal, activate soil self-purification ability. The sodium bentonite also has cohesiveness, promotes soil to form soil colloid, reduces the hardening of soil, and improves the use effect of the passivator.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for improving and remediating soil comprehensively for use in soil pollution applications.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for comprehensively improving and repairing the soil, harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated by a physical or biological method, the harmful microorganisms in the soil are effectively removed, a bio-organic fertilizer or an organic material is used, mineral elements are supplemented, organic matters, beneficial microorganisms and mineral nutrition of the soil are increased, soil fertility is increased, pollution of heavy metals to the soil is reduced by a passivator, the method for comprehensively improving and repairing the soil is enabled, the harmful microorganisms and the heavy metals in the soil pollution are effectively removed, the soil has the advantages of good fertility and fertilizer conservation, and market demands are met.
2. Through the synergistic effect between the biological fumigant raw materials, not only have stronger fumigation activity, the storage of the compounding composition of being convenient for moreover increases the save time of compounding composition to the use of the biological fumigant of being convenient for, in addition, among the soil disinfection treatment, dilute the biological fumigant, and adopt plastic film mulching, increase the result of use of biological fumigant. The fumigating effect is enhanced through ozone, and the plastic mulching film is adopted for covering, so that the using effect of ozone is enhanced.
3. Through the synergistic effect among the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer, the fertility of the soil is effectively improved, in the preparation method, the agricultural and forestry waste, the fungus chaff and the excrement are fermented in steps, so that most of the agricultural and forestry waste is completely fermented, meanwhile, part of the agricultural and forestry waste is added in the step S13, the rest agricultural and forestry waste can continue to be fermented, the soil can be effectively loosened, and the soil fertility preserving capability is improved. By utilizing the local and nearby agricultural and forestry wastes to provide organic matters for the soil, the method is simple and convenient, and the cost is reduced.
4. Through the synergistic effect of the raw materials of the passivating agent, the soil passivating agent not only provides nutrient components for soil and increases the soil fertility, but also can adsorb heavy metals in the soil, and has the effect of passivating the heavy metals, thereby activating the self-purification capacity of the soil. The sodium bentonite can promote soil to form soil colloid, reduce the hardening of the soil and improve the use effect of the passivator.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Raw materials
The phosphate ore is selected from Chongqing Xin mineral product sales Limited liability company; the dolomite is selected from Hebei hollow building materials science and technology company; the sodium humate is selected from chemical industry Co., Ltd; the straw charcoal is selected from processing factory of Kangtai mineral products in Lingshou county; the peat is selected from processing plant of Kangtai mineral products in Lingshou county; the sodium bentonite is selected from chemical company Limited in Jinchuan of Jinan province. The phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 600 and is selected from the company of Chachen blue sky fine chemical industry Co.
The rice hulls are selected from Shijiazhuang Feng Ming mineral products, Co; the pine bark is selected from Shijiazhuang Fengming mineral products Co; the fungus bran is selected from the group consisting of Hitachi Biotech limited, Guangzhou; the manure is chicken manure and is selected from Shijiazhuang Maofeng fertilizer Co Ltd; the chitosan is selected from Hebei Runsheng Biotech limited; the plastic mulching film is a PVA film and is selected from Luguan plastic factories in Qingzhou city; the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator is selected from silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer of Guangxi Maotai agricultural science and technology limited; the fly ash is plant ash and is selected from Shijiazhuanhui mineral products, Inc.
The microbial preparation is selected from a plurality of microbial treasures of Weifang Kuntze agriculture development corporation; the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis ACCC11025, and is obtained by rejuvenation, first-stage amplification, second-stage amplification culture and drying, and the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is 1 × 1011cfu/g; the Bacillus licheniformis agent is Bacillus licheniformis ACCC10236, and is obtained by rejuvenation, first-stage amplification, second-stage amplification culture and drying, and the viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis agent is 1 × 1010cfu/g; the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciens AS1.0460, and is obtained by rejuvenation, first-stage amplification, second-stage amplification culture and drying, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 3 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
Preparation example
TABLE 1 content of respective raw materials of deactivators in preparation examples (unit: kg)
Raw materials Preparation example 1 Preparation example 2 Preparation example 3
Phosphorus ore 22 25 28
Dolomite 11 10 9
Humic acid sodium salt 6 7 8
Straw charcoal 32 30 28
Grass peat 11 10 9
Sodium bentonite 9 8 7
Preparation example 1
The raw material ratio of the passivator is shown in table 1.
And, it is prepared by the following method:
and stirring and uniformly mixing the phosphate rock, the dolomite, the sodium humate, the straw carbon, the turf and the sodium bentonite to obtain the passivator.
Preparation examples 2 to 3
The passivating agent is different from the passivating agent prepared in preparation example 1 in raw material proportion, and the raw material proportion is shown in table 1.
TABLE 2 content of raw materials of the bio-fumigant in preparation example (unit: kg)
Raw materials Preparation example 4 Preparation example 5 Preparation example 6 Preparation example 7
Allyl isothiocyanate 15 27 30 30
Isothiocyanic acid ethyl ester 11 8 5 0
Ethyl acetate 35 22 7 15
Sec-butyl acetate 35 21 5 15
Cyclohexanone 5 25 47 30
Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 6 4 2 5
Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 7 9 11 10
Preparation example 4
A biological fumigant comprises raw materials in a ratio shown in Table 2.
And, it is prepared by the following method:
stirring and uniformly mixing allyl isothiocyanate, ethyl acetate and sec-butyl acetate, then adding cyclohexanone, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological fumigant.
Preparation examples 5 to 7
A biological fumigant is different from the preparation example 4 in the raw material ratio shown in Table 2.
TABLE 3 content of raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer in preparation example (unit: kg)
Raw materials Preparation example 8 Preparation example 9 Preparation example 10
Agricultural and forestry wastes 54.5 60 65.3
Mushroom bran 17 15 13
Excrement and urine 17 15 13
Chitosan 9 8 7
Bacillus subtilis preparation 0.5 1 1.5
Bacillus licheniformis agent 1 0.5 0.1
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1 0.5 0.1
Water (W) 20 15 10
Preparation example 8
The raw material proportion of the biological organic fertilizer is shown in table 3.
Wherein the agricultural and forestry waste is a mixture of rice hulls and pine barks, and the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the pine barks is 1: 0.5.
And, it is prepared by the following method:
s11, adding the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent into water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix.
S12, stirring and uniformly mixing part of the agricultural and forestry waste, the mushroom bran and the excrement, then spraying the premix, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, then stacking and fermenting for 4d at room temperature, then heating to 60 ℃, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 20d to obtain a mixture.
In step S12, the humidity of the stacking fermentation is 70%.
S13, adding chitosan into the mixture, stirring and uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 15d at the temperature of 60 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the rest agricultural and forestry waste, stirring and uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting for 1d at the room temperature to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
In step S13, the humidity of the stacking fermentation is 70%.
The weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is 1: 0.3.
Preparation examples 9 to 10
A bio-organic fertilizer is different from the preparation example 7 in the raw material ratio shown in Table 3.
Preparation example 11
A bio-organic fertilizer, which is different from the preparation example 7 in the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer.
The agricultural and forestry waste is a mixture of rice hulls and pine barks, and the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the pine barks is 1: 0.3.
And, it is prepared by the following method:
s11, adding the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent into water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix.
S12, stirring and uniformly mixing part of the agricultural and forestry waste, the mushroom bran and the excrement, then spraying the premix, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, then stacking and fermenting for 5d at room temperature, then heating to 65 ℃, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 17d to obtain a mixture.
In step S12, the humidity of the stacking fermentation is 60%.
S13, adding chitosan into the mixture, stirring and uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 13d at the temperature of 65 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the rest agricultural and forestry waste, stirring and uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting for 2d at the room temperature to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
In step S13, the humidity of the stacking fermentation is 60%.
The weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is 1: 0.3.
Preparation example 12
A bio-organic fertilizer, which is different from the preparation example 7 in the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer.
The agricultural and forestry waste is a mixture of rice hulls and pine barks, and the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the pine barks is 1: 0.8.
S11, adding the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent into water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix.
S12, stirring and uniformly mixing part of the agricultural and forestry waste, the mushroom bran and the excrement, then spraying the premix, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, then stacking and fermenting for 7d at room temperature, then heating to 70 ℃, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 15d to obtain a mixture.
In step S12, the humidity of the stacking fermentation is 50%.
S13, adding chitosan into the mixture, stirring and uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 10d at the temperature of 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the rest agricultural and forestry waste, stirring and uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting for 3d at the room temperature to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
In step S13, the humidity of the stacking fermentation is 50%.
The weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is 1: 0.3.
Preparation example 13
A bio-organic fertilizer, which is different from that in preparation example 7 in that in the method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, the weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is different, and the weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is 1: 0.4.
Preparation example 14
A bio-organic fertilizer, which is different from that in preparation example 7 in that in the method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, the weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is different, and the weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in step S13 is 1: 0.5.
Examples
Example 1
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil disinfection treatment
The harmful microorganisms in the soil are killed by physical or biological methods.
And, the harmful microorganisms in the soil are killed by a biological method, and the following methods are specifically adopted:
diluting the biological fumigant by 100 times with water to obtain a biological fumigant diluent, uniformly mixing with soil, covering a plastic mulching film on the soil surface, fumigating and sterilizing for 15d, uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating for 3 d.
Wherein the biological fumigant is obtained by adopting the preparation example 4, and the application amount of the biological fumigant diluent is 2 kg/mu. The biological fumigant enters the soil and diffuses to the four places to slowly volatilize, the plastic mulching film is utilized to reduce the volatilization of effective components, harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated, and after the fumigation is finished, the plastic mulching film is uncovered, so that the biological fumigant volatilizes, and the influence of the biological fumigant is reduced.
S2, soil organization and fertilization
Supplementing biological organic fertilizer or returning organic material to field in situ or nearby for conversion to increase organic matter and beneficial microbe in soil.
The method for increasing soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms by utilizing supplementary biological organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
adding the biological organic fertilizer into the soil, and uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the soil.
And the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting the preparation example 8, and the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 30 kg/mu.
S3 balancing soil mineral nutrition
And detecting and analyzing the nutrient condition of the soil, and supplementing mineral elements in a targeted manner to balance mineral nutrition in the soil.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
detecting the nutrient components in the soil, then adding mineral elements in a targeted manner to balance the mineral nutrition in the soil, and detecting the balanced nutrient components in the soil.
Wherein, the contents of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron in the balanced soil are as follows: 425mg/kg of exchangeable calcium, 83mg/kg of exchangeable magnesium, 30mg/kg of available sulfur, 15mg/kg of available iron, 20mg/kg of available manganese, 1.6mg/kg of available copper, 2.2mg/kg of available zinc, 0.25mg/kg of available molybdenum and 1.5mg/kg of available boron.
S4, passivating soil heavy metals
And adding a passivator into the soil, and passivating the heavy metal in the soil by using the passivator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding a passivator into the soil, and uniformly mixing the passivator with the soil.
The passivator is obtained by adopting the preparation example 1, and the application amount of the passivator is 10 kg/mu.
Example 2
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil disinfection treatment
The harmful microorganisms in the soil are killed by physical or biological methods.
And, the harmful microorganisms in the soil are killed by a biological method, and the following methods are specifically adopted:
diluting the biological fumigant with water by 400 times to obtain a biological fumigant diluent, uniformly mixing the biological fumigant diluent with soil, covering a plastic mulching film on the soil surface, fumigating and disinfecting for 10 days, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and dispersing air for 6 days.
Wherein the biological fumigant is obtained by adopting the preparation example 4, and the application amount of the biological fumigant diluent is 6 kg/mu. The biological fumigant enters the soil and diffuses to the four places to slowly volatilize, the plastic mulching film is utilized to reduce the volatilization of effective components, harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated, and after the fumigation is finished, the plastic mulching film is uncovered, so that the biological fumigant volatilizes, and the influence of the biological fumigant is reduced.
S2, soil organization and fertilization
Supplementing biological organic fertilizer or returning organic material to field in situ or nearby for conversion to increase organic matter and beneficial microbe in soil.
The method for increasing soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms by utilizing supplementary biological organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
adding the biological organic fertilizer into the soil, and uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the soil.
And the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting the preparation example 8, and the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 500 kg/mu.
S3 balancing soil mineral nutrition
And detecting and analyzing the nutrient condition of the soil, and supplementing mineral elements in a targeted manner to balance mineral nutrition in the soil.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
detecting and analyzing the nutrient components in the soil, then pertinently replenishing mineral-deficient elements, balancing the mineral nutrition in the soil, and detecting the balanced nutrient components in the soil.
Wherein, the contents of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron in the balanced soil are as follows: 465mg/kg of exchangeable calcium, 95mg/kg of exchangeable magnesium, 25mg/kg of available sulfur, 18mg/kg of available iron, 23mg/kg of available manganese, 1.6mg/kg of available copper, 2.6mg/kg of available zinc, 0.25mg/kg of available molybdenum and 1.8mg/kg of available boron.
S4, passivating soil heavy metals
And adding a passivator into the soil, and passivating the heavy metal in the soil by using the passivator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding a passivator into the soil, and uniformly mixing the passivator with the soil.
The passivator is obtained by adopting the preparation example 1, and the application amount of the passivator is 8 kg/mu.
Example 3
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil disinfection treatment
The harmful microorganisms in the soil are killed by physical or biological methods.
And, the harmful microorganisms in the soil are killed by a biological method, and the following methods are specifically adopted:
diluting the biological fumigant by 800 times with water to obtain a biological fumigant diluent, uniformly mixing with soil, covering a plastic mulching film on the soil surface, fumigating and sterilizing for 5d, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating for 10 d.
Wherein the biological fumigant is obtained by adopting the preparation example 4, and the application amount of the biological fumigant diluent is 10 kg/mu. The biological fumigant enters the soil and diffuses to the four places to slowly volatilize, the plastic mulching film is utilized to reduce the volatilization of effective components, harmful microorganisms in the soil are fumigated, and after the fumigation is finished, the plastic mulching film is uncovered, so that the biological fumigant volatilizes, and the influence of the biological fumigant is reduced.
S2, soil organization and fertilization
Supplementing biological organic fertilizer or returning organic material to field in situ or nearby for conversion to increase organic matter and beneficial microbe in soil.
The method for increasing soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms by utilizing supplementary biological organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
adding a biological organic fertilizer into the soil, uniformly mixing with the soil, and standing for 3 d.
And the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting the preparation example 8, and the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu.
S3 balancing soil mineral nutrition
And detecting and analyzing the nutrient condition of the soil, and supplementing mineral elements in a targeted manner to balance mineral nutrition in the soil.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
detecting and analyzing the nutrient components in the soil, then pertinently replenishing mineral-deficient elements, balancing the mineral nutrition in the soil, and detecting the balanced nutrient components in the soil.
Wherein, the contents of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron in the balanced soil are as follows: 483mg/kg of exchangeable calcium, 115mg/kg of exchangeable magnesium, 45mg/kg of available sulfur, 25mg/kg of available iron, 33mg/kg of available manganese, 1.9mg/kg of available copper, 3.2mg/kg of available zinc, 0.31mg/kg of available molybdenum and 2.2mg/kg of available boron.
S4, passivating soil heavy metals
And adding a passivator into the soil, and passivating the heavy metal in the soil by using the passivator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding a passivator into the soil, and uniformly mixing the passivator with the soil.
The passivator is obtained by adopting the preparation example 1, and the application amount of the passivator is 5 kg/mu.
Example 4
A method for comprehensively improving and repairing soil is different from that of example 2 in the raw material of a passivator, and the passivator is obtained by adopting the preparation example 2.
Example 5
A method for comprehensively improving and repairing soil is different from that of example 2 in the raw material of a passivator, and the passivator is obtained by adopting preparation example 3.
Example 6
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that of example 2 in that raw materials of a biological fumigant are different, and the biological fumigant is obtained by adopting preparation example 5.
Example 7
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that of example 2 in that raw materials of a biological fumigant are different, and the biological fumigant is obtained by adopting preparation example 6.
Example 8
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that of example 2 in that raw materials of a biological fumigant are different, and the biological fumigant is obtained by adopting preparation example 7.
Example 9
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that in example 2 in the raw materials of a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting preparation example 9.
Example 10
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that in example 2 in the raw material of a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting preparation example 10.
Example 11
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that in example 2 in the raw material of a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting preparation example 11.
Example 12
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that in example 2 in that raw materials of a bio-organic fertilizer are different, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting preparation example 12.
Example 13
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that in example 2 in that raw materials of a bio-organic fertilizer are different, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting preparation example 13.
Example 14
A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from that in example 2 in the raw material of a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adopting preparation example 14.
Example 15
A method for improving and restoring soil in an overall manner, which is different from the method of example 2 in that in step S1, soil sterilization treatment is performed to kill harmful microorganisms in soil by a physical method, and the following methods are specifically used:
ozone is prepared by an ozone generator, air is adopted as an air source, oxygen in the air is converted into ozone and is introduced into water, and the ozone is dissolved in the water to obtain ozone water.
And irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using ozone water, then covering a plastic mulching film on the surface of the soil, irrigating and disinfecting for 12h, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 10 d.
Wherein the concentration of the ozone water is 20mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 4 cm.
Example 16
A method for improving and restoring soil in an overall manner, which is different from the method of example 2 in that in step S1, soil sterilization treatment is performed to kill harmful microorganisms in soil by a physical method, and the following methods are specifically used:
ozone is prepared by an ozone generator, air is adopted as an air source, oxygen in the air is converted into ozone and is introduced into water, and the ozone is dissolved in the water to obtain ozone water.
And irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using ozone water, then covering a plastic mulching film on the surface of the soil, irrigating and disinfecting for 20h, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 8 d.
Wherein the concentration of the ozone water is 13mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 6 cm.
Example 17
A method for improving and restoring soil in an overall manner, which is different from the method of example 2 in that in step S1, soil sterilization treatment is performed to kill harmful microorganisms in soil by a physical method, and the following methods are specifically used:
ozone is prepared by an ozone generator, air is adopted as an air source, oxygen in the air is converted into ozone and is introduced into water, and the ozone is dissolved in the water to obtain ozone water.
And (3) irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using ozone water, then covering a plastic mulching film on the surface of the soil, irrigating and disinfecting for 36 hours, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 3 d.
Wherein the concentration of the ozone water is 2mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 7 cm.
Example 18
A method for improving and restoring soil in all directions, which is different from the method of embodiment 15 in that in step S1, after the soil is disinfected by ozone water, no plastic mulch film is covered and no aeration and air-dispersing treatment is performed.
Example 19
The method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that in the step S2, organic materials are utilized for returning to fields locally and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted: piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 20 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, returning the organic fertilizer to the field, and mixing uniformly with soil.
And the humidity of the heap fermentation was 70%.
The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu.
Example 20
The method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that in the step S2, organic materials are utilized for returning to fields locally and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted: piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 25 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, returning the organic fertilizer to the field, and mixing uniformly with soil.
And the humidity of the heap fermentation was 60%.
The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 2 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.7 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 0.8 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 800 kg/mu.
Example 21
The method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that in the step S2, organic materials are utilized for returning to fields locally and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted: piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding the bacillus subtilis agent, the bacillus licheniformis agent and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 30 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, returning the organic fertilizer to the field, and mixing uniformly with soil.
And the humidity of the heap fermentation was 50%.
The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.5 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 0.5 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu.
Example 22
The method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that in the step S2, organic materials are utilized for returning to fields locally and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted: piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 5 days, adding a potassium-silicon-calcium regulator and fly ash, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
and (3) flattening the mixed material on the surface of soil, then applying a microbial preparation suitable for the local environment, uniformly mixing with the soil, and returning the mixture to the field for fermentation for 20 days.
And the humidity of the heap fermentation was 70%.
The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis preparation is 3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis preparation is 1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the amylolytic bacillus preparation is 1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator is 5wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the application amount of the mixed material is 40 kg/mu, and the application amount of the microbial preparation is 0.5 kg/mu.
Example 23
The method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that in the step S2, organic materials are utilized for returning to fields locally and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted: piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 8 days, adding a potassium-silicon-calcium regulator and fly ash, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
and (3) flattening the mixed material on the surface of soil, then applying a microbial preparation suitable for the local environment, uniformly mixing with the soil, and returning to the field for fermentation for 15 d.
And the humidity of the heap fermentation was 60%.
The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 2 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.7 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the amylolytic bacillus agent is 0.8 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator is 7 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 4 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the application amount of the mixed material is 600 kg/mu, and the application amount of the microbial preparation is 0.8 kg/mu.
Example 24
The method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that in the step S2, organic materials are utilized for returning to fields locally and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted: piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 10 days, adding a potassium-silicon-calcium regulator and fly ash, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
and (3) flattening the mixed material on the surface of soil, then applying a microbial preparation suitable for the local environment, uniformly mixing with the soil, and returning the mixture to the field for fermentation for 10 days.
And the humidity of the heap fermentation was 50%.
The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis preparation is 1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis preparation is 0.5 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the amylolytic bacillus preparation is 0.5 wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator is 8wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 5wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the application amount of the mixed material is 1200 kg/mu, and the application amount of the microbial preparation is 1 kg/mu.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A method for remediating soil by total improvement, which is different from example 2 in that step S1 is not performed on soil.
Comparative example 2
A method for remediating soil by total improvement, which is different from example 2 in that step S2 is not performed on soil.
Comparative example 3
A method for remediating soil by total improvement, which is different from example 2 in that step S3 is not performed on soil.
Comparative example 4
A method for remediating soil by total improvement, which is different from example 2 in that step S4 is not performed on soil.
Performance test
Selecting a soil pollution zone, dividing the zone into 29 test areas, repairing the soil in the test areas 1-24 by the methods of examples 1-23, repairing the soil in the test areas 25-28 by the methods of comparative examples 1-4, not treating the test areas 29, defining the test areas as control groups, planting soybeans in the test areas 29 after the treatment is finished, wherein the soybeans are selected from Jindou 20 and the planting density is 1.58 ten thousand beads/mu, and then detecting the growth condition and yield of the soybeans, and the detection results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 test results
Detecting items Yield per mu/(kg) Bead height/(cm) Stem thickness/(cm)
Example 1 253 95 0.73
Example 2 259 94 0.75
Example 3 265 93 0.76
Example 4 262 93 0.76
Example 5 260 94 0.75
Example 6 260 94 0.76
Example 7 259 95 0.74
Example 8 254 95 0.73
Example 9 268 92 0.77
Example 10 263 93 0.76
Example 11 264 93 0.75
Example 12 261 94 0.75
Example 13 269 92 0.78
Example 14 275 92 0.79
Example 15 253 95 0.72
Example 16 248 97 0.70
Example 17 246 97 0.70
Example 18 247 97 0.70
Example 19 250 96 0.71
Example 20 254 95 0.72
Example 21 260 94 0.75
Example 22 254 95 0.73
Example 23 259 94 0.74
Example 24 262 93 0.75
Comparative example 1 182 107 0.54
Comparative example 2 146 113 0.45
Comparative example 3 163 110 0.51
Comparative example 4 202 104 0.6
Control group 103 117 0.40
As can be seen from Table 4, the method for comprehensively improving and repairing the soil has a good repairing effect on soil improvement, has good yield for planting soybeans, the yield of the soybeans per mu is 246-275kg, the soybeans grow well and are healthy, the plant height of the soybeans is 92-97cm, and the stem thickness of the soybeans is 0.70-0.79cm, so that the market demand is met.
By comparing the example 2, the comparative examples 1 to 4 and the control group, it can be seen that the soil is subjected to soil disinfection treatment, soil organic fertilization, soil mineral nutrition balance and soil heavy metal passivation, and the synergistic effect among the soil disinfection treatment, the soil organic fertilization, the soil mineral nutrition balance and the soil heavy metal passivation can effectively improve the soil pollution improvement effect, provide nutrition for soybeans and improve the yield of the soybeans.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (16)

1. A method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil disinfection treatment
Killing harmful microorganisms in soil by a physical or biological method;
s2, soil organization and fertilization
Supplementing biological organic fertilizer or returning organic material to field in situ or nearby for conversion, and increasing soil organic matter and beneficial microorganism;
s3 balancing soil mineral nutrition
Detecting and analyzing the soil nutrient condition, supplementing mineral elements in a targeted manner, and balancing mineral nutrition in the soil;
s4, passivating soil heavy metals
And adding a passivator into the soil, and passivating the heavy metal in the soil by using the passivator.
2. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the soil disinfection treatment is performed by killing harmful microorganisms in the soil by a biological method, and the following method is specifically adopted:
diluting the biological fumigant by 800 times of water by 100 times to obtain a biological fumigant diluent;
uniformly mixing the biological fumigant diluent with soil, then covering a plastic mulching film on the soil surface, fumigating and disinfecting for 5-15 days, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 3-10 days;
and the application amount of the biological fumigant diluent is 2-10 kg/mu.
3. The method for remediating soil with total remediation as recited in claim 2, wherein: the biological fumigant is a biological preparation taking the athomin as an effective component.
4. A method for improving and remediating soil in general in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the biological fumigant is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 15-30 parts of allyl isothiocyanate, 0-11 parts of ethyl isothiocyanate, 7-35 parts of ethyl acetate, 5-35 parts of sec-butyl acetate, 5-47 parts of cyclohexanone, 2-6 parts of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 7-11 parts of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether.
5. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the soil disinfection treatment is performed by killing harmful microorganisms in the soil by a physical method, and the following method is specifically adopted:
preparing ozone by using an ozone generator, introducing the ozone into water to obtain ozone water, and irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using the ozone water for 12-36 hours;
the concentration of the ozone water is 2-20mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 4-7 cm.
6. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the soil disinfection treatment is performed by killing harmful microorganisms in the soil by a physical method, and the following method is specifically adopted:
preparing ozone by using an ozone generator, introducing the ozone into water to obtain ozone water, irrigating and disinfecting the soil by using the ozone water, then covering a plastic mulching film on the surface of the soil, irrigating and disinfecting for 12-36h, then uncovering the plastic mulching film, and ventilating and diffusing air for 3-10 d;
the concentration of the ozone water is 2-20mg/kg, and the irrigation depth is 4-7 cm.
7. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, in the soil organic fertilization, the supplementary biological organic fertilizer is used for increasing soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms, and the following method is specifically adopted:
adding a biological organic fertilizer into the soil, and uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the soil;
and the application amount of the biological organic fertilizer is 30-1000 kg/mu.
8. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 7, wherein: the biological organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 54.5-65.3 parts of agricultural and forestry waste, 13-17 parts of mushroom bran, 13-17 parts of excrement, 7-9 parts of chitosan, 0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus subtilis agent, 0.1-1 part of bacillus licheniformis agent, 0.1-1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent and 10-20 parts of water.
9. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 8, wherein: the agricultural and forestry waste is a mixture of rice hulls and pine barks, and the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the pine barks is 1 (0.3-0.8).
10. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 8, wherein: the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
s11, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent into water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
s12, stirring and uniformly mixing part of the agricultural and forestry waste, the mushroom bran and the excrement, then spraying a premix, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, then stacking and fermenting for 4-7d at room temperature, then heating to 60-70 ℃, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 15-20d to obtain a mixture;
s13, adding chitosan into the mixture, stirring and uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 10-15d at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the rest agricultural and forestry waste, stirring and uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting for 1-3d at the room temperature to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer;
the weight ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste used in the step S12 to the agricultural and forestry waste used in the step S13 is 1 (0.3-0.5);
the humidity of stacking fermentation is 50-70%.
11. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, organic materials are used for returning to the field in situ and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, so that soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted:
piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, returning the organic fertilizer to the field, and mixing uniformly with soil;
and the humidity of the heap fermentation is 50-70%.
12. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 11, wherein: the addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 1-3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 50-1500 kg/mu.
13. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, organic materials are used for returning to the field in situ and nearby in the soil organic fertilization for conversion, so that soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are increased, and the following method is specifically adopted:
piling and piling the agricultural and forestry wastes in the field on the spot and nearby, crushing, adding a bacillus subtilis agent, a bacillus licheniformis agent and a bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, piling and fermenting for 5-10 days, then adding a potassium-silicon-calcium regulator and fly ash, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
flattening the mixed material on the surface of soil, then applying a microbial preparation suitable for the local environment, uniformly mixing the mixed material with the soil, returning the mixed material to the field and fermenting for 10-20 days;
and the humidity of the heap fermentation is 50-70%.
14. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 13, wherein: the addition amount of the bacillus subtilis agent is 1-3wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus licheniformis agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 0.5-1wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the potassium-silicon-calcium regulator is 5-8wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the addition amount of the fly ash is 3-5wt% of the total weight of the agricultural and forestry waste, the application amount of the mixed material is 40-1200 kg/mu, and the application amount of the microbial preparation is 0.5-1 kg/mu.
15. The method for remediating soil with total remediation of claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the soil heavy metal passivation specifically adopts the following method:
adding a passivator into the soil, and uniformly mixing the passivator with the soil;
and the application amount of the passivator is 5-10 kg/mu;
the passivator is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 22-28 parts of phosphate rock, 9-11 parts of dolomite, 6-8 parts of sodium humate, 28-32 parts of straw carbon, 9-11 parts of turf and 7-9 parts of sodium bentonite.
16. Use of a method of remediating soil comprehensively as recited in any one of claims 1-15 for soil contamination.
CN202110540029.9A 2021-05-18 2021-05-18 Method for comprehensively improving and restoring soil and application thereof Pending CN113303051A (en)

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