CN106540283A - A kind of soil anaerobic sterilization of control of plant bacterial wilt - Google Patents
A kind of soil anaerobic sterilization of control of plant bacterial wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN106540283A CN106540283A CN201610900035.XA CN201610900035A CN106540283A CN 106540283 A CN106540283 A CN 106540283A CN 201610900035 A CN201610900035 A CN 201610900035A CN 106540283 A CN106540283 A CN 106540283A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil anaerobic sterilization of control of plant bacterial wilt, specially add Testa oryzae, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran or the peanut residue of 2%～4% mass ratio in the soil containing Ralstonia solanacearum, after fully mixing, using waterflooding mode or pour water to field capacity and cover the thin mode of hermetically sealable film, anaerobic treatment 3～5 weeks, after removing the thin film idle a few days, you can transplant plant shoots.There is to bacterial wilt of tomato good prevention effect with the soil of the method process, it is 100% that disk plants experiment preventive effect, can significantly improve that the plant height of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, stem be thick and fresh weight, significantly promote tomato growth.The method of the invention have the advantages that from soil Sources controlling bacterial wilt, prevention effect it is good and to environment without negative effect, with larger application potential.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant disease technical field, in particular it relates to a kind of soil of control of plant bacterial wilt is detested
Oxygen sterilization.
Background technology
Along with high investment, the continuous popularization of the crop intensive cropping mode of high production and development, with soil-borne disease and
Soil-sickness Problem based on soil degradation becomes increasingly conspicuous, and brings huge economic loss to production estimation, serious to restrict
China's Agriculture Production.Bacterial wilt is that one kind is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Ralstoniasolanacearum comb.nov)
Crushing soil-borne disease, is referred to as " plant cancer ", seriously constrains the sustainable development of vegetable production.Bacterial wilt is in Solanaceae class
Especially endanger on vegetable crop (Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Solani melongenae, Fructus Capsici etc.) serious.As bacterial wilt is soil-borne disease, Variation Pathogenic Bacteria is big, posts
Main scope is wide, so far still no preferable chemical pesticide and other prevention and treatment methods.
At present, the Prevention Technique and method of soil-borne disease mainly has following several respects：One is cultural control, including resistance product
Plant screening, grafting, catch cropping crop rotation, cultivation management etc..Two is physics and Biological control, including solar disinfection, high-temperature sterilization,
Soil radiosterilization, water vapour are stifling, Biofumigation, biocontrol bacterium use etc..Three is chemical prevention, including soil
Learn sterilization, soil conditioner, pesticide control etc..But so far because, the problems such as cost, effect, residual, pollution, making a living
Produce and social received, preferable soil-borne disease prevention and controls are still little.
Soil-fumigating process is the important way for substituting Agro-chemicals control soil-borne disease.Bromomethane (methyl
Bromide be) efficient soil fumigant generally acknowledged in the world, the anti-of garden crop soil-borne disease was once widely used in developed country
Control.But because bromomethane is a kind of material that destruction is produced to ozone layer, the health of heavy damage environment and the mankind.20th century 90
From age, countries in the world government all tends to stopping using this fumigant bromomethane, developed country and development for security consideration
Middle country prohibitted the use of bromomethane respectively at 2005 and 2015.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the defect and deficiency for overcoming existing bacterial wilt of tomato Prevention Technique, there is provided
A kind of environmentally friendly bacterial wilt of tomato Prevention Technique, is a kind of inventive technique, is related to Agro-ecology and the ecological agriculture.The method
It is environmentally friendly, crop residue, improved soil can be made full use of, promotes Fructus Lycopersici esculenti while efficiently control bacterial wilt of tomato
Growth, improves tomato yield.
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind can efficiently control bacterial wilt of tomato, while can also promote tomato growth, improve
The soil anaerobic sterilization method of tomato yield.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is to give realization by the following technical programs：
A kind of soil anaerobic sterilization of control of plant bacterial wilt, specially：Add bran material in the soil containing Ralstonia solanacearum
And/or anaerobic treatment.
Preferably, the bran material is one or more in Testa oryzae, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran or peanut residue.
It is highly preferred that the diameter of the bran material is less than 0.2cm.
Preferably, the addition of the bran material adds 1kg～2kg brans for 2%～4% or every square meter plot of soil quality
Material.
It is highly preferred that the addition of the bran material adds 1kg～2kg bran material for 2% or every square meter plot of soil quality.
Preferably, the time of the anaerobic treatment is 3～5 weeks.
Preferably, the anaerobic treatment is waterflooding.
It is highly preferred that it is higher than 1～8 centimetre of soil (preferably 5 centimetres) that the waterflooding is waterflooding to the water surface
It is highly preferred that the anaerobic treatment is to pour water to field capacity and cover airtight thin film, the field water holding
Measure to make soil just drench completely, i.e. saturation water.
It is highly preferred that the airtight thin film is plastic sheeting.
Furthermore it is preferred that the temperature of the anaerobic treatment is to be not less than 25 DEG C.
It is highly preferred that the temperature of the anaerobic treatment is 25 DEG C～35 DEG C.
Particularly preferably, the soil anaerobic sterilization of the control of plant bacterial wilt comprises the steps：
S1. add the ratio of 1kg～2kg bran material according to every square meter plot, add rice in the plot of pathogen containing Ralstonia solanacearum
Bran, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran or peanut residue, fully mix；
S2. waterflooding, or pour water to field capacity and plastic covering thin film, reach anaerobic condition；
S3. anaerobic treatment removed thin film after 3～5 weeks, left unused a few days, you can transplant plant shoots.
Preferably, soil anaerobic sterilization is carried out when ambient temperature is to be not less than 25 DEG C (optimal 25 DEG C～35 DEG C).
Used as preferred embodiment, the soil anaerobic sterilization is：At 35 DEG C, add in the soil containing Ralstonia solanacearum
Plus 2% mass percent Testa oryzae, after fully mixing, pour water to field capacity and cover gas-impermeable plastics thin film, reach and detest
Oxygen condition, in the environment that day night temperature is 35 DEG C/32 DEG C, daytime arranges 13h, and night arranges 11h, processes 4 weeks.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention is a kind of environmentally friendly soil disinfection for the soil anaerobic sterilization of control of plant bacterial wilt
Method, can be greatly lowered the Ralstonia solanacearum quantity in soil, have good prevention effect to bacterial wilt of tomato.The method has
Prevent and treat soil-borne disease effect efficiently, pollution less, the advantages of crop residue, improved soil can be made full use of.
(2) the method for the invention is while having good prevention effect to bacterial wilt of tomato, moreover it is possible to significantly improve
The indexs such as the plant height of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, stem are thick, fresh weight and yield, promote tomato growth.
(3) present invention can control bacterial wilt from soil source, and prevention effect is good, to environment without negative effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is inhibitory action of the different soils anaerobic treatment to soil Ralstonia solanacearum.
Fig. 2 is control effect of the different soils anaerobic treatment to bacterial wilt of tomato.
Fig. 3 is that the soil anaerobic of different Testa oryzae additions processes the inhibitory action to soil Ralstonia solanacearum.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is made with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment and further being elaborated, the embodiment
It is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Test method used in following embodiments is such as without spy
It is different to illustrate, it is conventional method；The material that used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, are the reagent for commercially obtaining
And material.
Embodiment 1
1st, test material
(1) test soil and pick up from Guangzhou, Guangdong Zengcheng area Zhu villages and small towns (113.70 ° of east longitude；23.28 ° of north latitude) Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Field is planted with Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, there are bacterial wilt of tomato morbidity history, slant acidity in the plot, and its basic physical and chemical is：Organic matter contains
Amount 13.7gkg-1, total nitrogen content 0.82gkg-1, full P content 1.65gkg-1, full K contents 28.1gkg-1, pH=
4.66。
(2) organic materials is Testa oryzae (rice husk), and Testa oryzae diameter is less than 0.2cm.
(3) strain (R.solanacearum) of Ralstonia solanacearum is from the biochemical type III of biological strain I, by Agricultural University Of South China garden
Skill institute provides.
2nd, test method
(1) prepare Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria suspension：
The Ralstonia solanacearum strain of room temperature preservation is placed in 2,3,5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride culture medium, at 30 DEG C, 1 is cultivated
Activated to 2d.The Ralstonia solanacearum deionized water of activation is rinsed, is determined under ultraviolet spectrometry light spectrometer wavelength 660nm
(OD=0.1) concentration about 3 × 108CFU·mL-1Bacteria suspension for test use.
(2) test sets 5 process altogether, i.e.,：
Control (CK)；
Addition 2%w/w Testa oryzaes (B)；
Pour water to field capacity+epiphragma sealing anaerobism (AD)；
Addition 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+waterflooding is higher than 5 centimetres of soil (CB)；
Addition 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+pour water to field capacity+epiphragma sealing anaerobism (ADB)；
Each processes 5 repetitions.
(3) each test group is weighed for test soil 2.0kg, artificial addition 20mL bacteria suspensions, is added according to every 1.0kg soil
10mL bacteria suspensions；According to above-mentioned EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, except control, other 3 test groups add 40.0g Testa oryzaes respectively, fully mix,
It is transferred in 20 × 30cm black valve bags, waterflooding test group is poured water to 5.0cm depths, anaerobism test group is poured water to field water holding
Amount, closed valve bag.All test groups are placed in outdoor process 3 weeks, and the time is on May 18 to June 8th, 2015.
After above-mentioned process, soil sampling determines Ralstonia solanacearum quantity in soil, selects 2,3,5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride cultures
Base, the method for plate culture count are measured.
After above-mentioned process, placement 1 to 2 is all, is transferred in flowerpot, transplants the tomato seedling containing 4 true leaves, after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is transplanted
The sickness rate of bacterial wilt is investigated after one week, determine after one month that plant height, stem be thick and the index such as fresh weight.
3rd, result
(1) different disposal is shown in Fig. 1 to Ralstonia solanacearum inhibition in soil.As a result show, add 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+waterflooding
(CB), add 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+pour water and epiphragma sealing anaerobism (ADB) and epiphragma seals the process of anaerobism (AD), to Ralstonia solanacearum
With significant inhibition.And add merely Testa oryzae (B) does not have inhibitory action to Ralstonia solanacearum, simultaneously because with the addition of Testa oryzae arriving
In soil, equivalent to the addition of fertilizer, soil fertility increases, therefore bacterium amount is more more than CK.
(2) impact of the different disposal to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sickness rate and tomato growth is as shown in table 1.
The impact that 1 different soils anaerobism of table is sterilized to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sickness rate and tomato growth is compared
Note：Comparison in difference, P ＜ 0.05 between same row difference letter representation different disposal in table
Can be obtained by table 1, matched group (CK) sickness rate is 100%, and experimental anaerobic group (ADB) is zero, i.e., preventive effect can reach
100%.Compared with control (CK), the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height of soil anaerobic process (ADB), stem are thick, fresh weight is respectively equivalent to compare (CK)
4.48 times, 2.12 times and 50.92 times.
Meanwhile, compared with matched group (CK), the sickness rate of AD groups also has significant decline.And compare with AD groups with B groups, this
The sickness rate of the CB and ADB groups of invention is further remarkably decreased.
In addition, can obtain B groups by Fig. 1 can not suppress Ralstonia solanacearum, but from the data in table 1, it can be seen that the sickness rate of B groups also significantly under
Drop, although showing that adding Testa oryzae can not suppress Ralstonia solanacearum, can but significantly inhibit the pathogenicity and sickness rate of Ralstonia solanacearum.
Embodiment 2
1st, embodiment 2 is carried out on the basis of embodiment 1, adopt test material similarly to Example 1, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) test sets 4 process altogether, i.e.,：
Matched group (CK)；
Add 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+epiphragma of pouring water sealing anaerobic treatment (ADB25) at 25 DEG C；
Add 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+epiphragma of pouring water sealing anaerobic treatment (ADB30) at 30 DEG C；
Add 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+epiphragma of pouring water sealing anaerobic treatment (ADB35) at 35 DEG C；
Each processes 4 repetitions.
(2) each experimental group is weighed for test soil 2.0kg, artificial addition 20mL bacteria suspensions, is added according to every kg soil
10mL bacteria suspensions；According to experimental design, except control, other 3 experimental grouies add 40.0g Testa oryzaes respectively, fully mix, transfer
To in 20 × 30cm black valve bags, day night temperature is respectively placed in for 25 DEG C/22 DEG C, 30 DEG C/27 DEG C, 35 DEG C/32 DEG C artificial gas
Wait in case, daytime arranges 13h, night arranges 11h, and matched group is placed and processed indoors, and 4 time-of-weeks of process are April 17 in 2016 to May
15 days.
After soil anaerobic process, placement 1 to 2 is all, is transferred in flowerpot, transplants the tomato seedling containing 4 true leaves, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti moves
The sickness rate of bacterial wilt is investigated after planting latter week, determine after one month that plant height, stem be thick and the index such as fresh weight.
2nd, result
The impact that 2 different soils anaerobism of table is sterilized to soil Ralstonia solanacearum, preventive effect and tomato growth is compared
Note：Compare between same row difference letter representation different disposal in table, P ＜ 0.05
Table 2 is analyzed and is understood：Compared with control (CK), the inhibitory action of 3 anaerobic treatment groups to soil Ralstonia solanacearum
Be more than 83.2%, preventive effect is 100%, improve thick and fresh weight the average amplitude of the plant height of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, stem be respectively 51.9%,
57.6% and 322.1%.
Fig. 2 shows matched group Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, and all morbidity is withered, and anaerobic treatment group grows vigorous, robust plant.
Result above shows, adds 2%w/w Testa oryzaes, pour water in soil, anaerobism disinfect after soil, to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Bacterial wilt prevention effect is high, while tomato growth can be promoted, the method application potential is huge.
The optimization of 3 Testa oryzae addition of embodiment
1st, experiment material is with embodiment 1.
2nd, experimental technique
(1) test sets 4 process altogether, i.e.,：
Matched group (CK1)；
Moisturizing processes (CK2)；
Addition 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+sealing anaerobic treatment (2% Testa oryzae)；
Addition 4%w/w Testa oryzaes+sealing anaerobic treatment (4% Testa oryzae)；
Each processes 4 repetitions.
(2) each experimental group is weighed for test soil 2.0kg, artificial addition 20mL bacteria suspensions, is added according to every kg soil
10mL bacteria suspensions；According to experimental design, except CK1 and CK2, other 2 experimental grouies add 40.0g and 80.0g Testa oryzaes respectively, fill
Divide and mix, be transferred in 20 × 30cm black valve bags, wherein CK2 keeps moistening, 2% Testa oryzae and 4% Testa oryzae treatment group difference
Pour water to field capacity and encapsulation process.Each process group is placed in day night temperature respectively in 28 DEG C/22 DEG C growth cabinets,
Daytime arranges 13h, and night arranges 11h, and 3 time-of-weeks of process are on October 17 to November 6th, 2014.
3rd, result
The soil anaerobic of different Testa oryzae additions is disinfected and sees Fig. 3 to the inhibition of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil.As a result show
Show, compared with CK1, CK2, addition 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+sealing anaerobic treatment (2% Testa oryzae) and addition 4%w/w Testa oryzaes+sealing are detested
Oxygen processes (4% Testa oryzae) and all has significant inhibition to the Ralstonia solanacearum in soil.And, the addition of Testa oryzae is preferably 2
～4%w/w, when Testa oryzae addition is less than 2%, effect is bad；After considering each factor, 2% is selected to be optimal addition
Amount.
More specifically, the soil anaerobic of different Testa oryzae additions disinfects quantity such as 3 institute of table of Ralstonia solanacearum in lower soil
Show.
The soil anaerobic of 3 different Testa oryzae additions of table disinfects the Ralstonia solanacearum quantity in lower soil
Note：Compare between same row difference letter representation different disposal in table, P ＜ 0.05
The screening of 4 different bran material of embodiment
1st, experiment material is with embodiment 1.
2nd, experimental technique
(1) test sets 5 process altogether, i.e.,：
Matched group (CK)；
Addition 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADB)；
Addition 2%w/w Testa Tritici+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADW)；
Addition 2%w/w camellia oleosa seed brans+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADT)；
Addition 2%w/w rice straws+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADS)；
Each processes 6 repetitions.
(2) each experimental group is weighed for test soil 2.0kg, artificial addition 20mL bacteria suspensions, is added according to every kg soil
10mL bacteria suspensions；According to experimental design, except matched group, other experimental grouies add respectively 40.0g Testa oryzaes, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran and
Rice straw, pours water to field capacity, plastic sheeting encapsulation process.It is placed in outdoor process 3 weeks.Process time May 8 in 2016
Day was to May 30.
3rd, result
The impact comparative result that the soil anaerobic of the different dressing of addition is sterilized to Ralstonia solanacearum, preventive effect and tomato growth in soil
As shown in table 4, add 2%w/w Testa oryzaes+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADB), add 2%w/w Testa Tritici+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADW),
Addition 2%w/w camellia oleosa seed brans+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADT) and add 2%w/w rice straws+sealing anaerobic treatment (ADS) this four
Inhibition all highly significant of the individual process to Ralstonia solanacearum in soil, has all reached 100% to the preventive effect of bacterial wilt of tomato, while
Plant height, stem to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is slightly all significantly increased with fresh weight.
Meanwhile, as a result also show, the effect is significant for adding the bran material such as Testa oryzae, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran is better than straw.
The impact that the soil anaerobic of 4 different dressing of table is sterilized to Ralstonia solanacearum, preventive effect and tomato growth in soil is compared
Note：Compare between same row difference letter representation different disposal in table, P ＜ 0.05.
Claims (10)
1. the soil anaerobic sterilization of a kind of control of plant bacterial wilt, it is characterised in that add bran material and/or anaerobism in soil
Process.
2. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bran material is Testa oryzae, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran
Or one or more in peanut residue.
3. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the addition of the bran material is soil quality
2%～4% or per square meter plot add 1kg～2kg bran material.
4. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the time of the anaerobic treatment is 3～5
Week.
5. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the anaerobic treatment is waterflooding.
6. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the anaerobic treatment is held to pour water to field
The water yield simultaneously covers airtight thin film.
7. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the thin film is plastic sheeting.
8. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the anaerobic treatment is to be not less than 25 DEG C
Under the conditions of carry out soil anaerobic sterilization.
9. soil anaerobic sterilization according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the anaerobic treatment is at 25 DEG C～35 DEG C
Under carry out soil anaerobic sterilization.
10. according to the arbitrary described soil anaerobic sterilization of claim 1～8, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
S1., in the plot of pathogen containing Ralstonia solanacearum, addition Testa oryzae, Testa Tritici, camellia oleosa seed bran or peanut residue are fully mixed；
S2. waterflooding, or pour water to field capacity and plastic covering thin film, reach anaerobic condition；
S3. anaerobic treatment removed thin film after 3～5 weeks, left unused a few days, you can transplant plant shoots.
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| CN108811576A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of method of vega soil improvement |
| CN109156111A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-08 | 北京捷西农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne disease |
| CN109156111B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-05-04 | 北京捷西农业科技有限责任公司 | Soil disinfection method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases |
| CN108911879A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-11-30 | 北京市植物保护站 | A kind of bioactive functions reduction disinfection particle and sterilization method |
| CN109182214A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Synergy biocontrol microorganisms and its preparation, application method for tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and treatment |
| CN112930739A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-06-11 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco |
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Application publication date: 20170329 |