CN110574609A - Green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means - Google Patents
Green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rose planting, in particular to a green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means, which comprises the following steps: s1, soil preparation: removing weeds from the soil and performing disinfection treatment; s2, early growth: organic fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer containing bacillus subtilis can be applied; s3, growth period: watering once in 3-5 days in spring and once in 1 day in summer, and properly spraying water to the leaf surfaces when the temperature is too high; s4, flowering phase: the flower bud period is suitable for supplementing the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, because a large amount of nutrients and water are consumed in the flower period; s5, late flowering stage: pruning plant types in the later flowering period; s6, winter dormancy: the disease is controlled by adopting a lime sulfur mixture with high efficiency, low toxicity and low cost. According to the disease occurrence condition of roses in the growth period, the method provided by the invention scientifically and reasonably uses the microbial agent and physical prevention and control, uses the low-risk pesticide, ensures ecological cleanness of gardens and improves the yield of the roses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rose planting, in particular to a green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means.
Background
edible rose refers to the family Rosaceae (Rosaceae)Rosaceae) Rosa genus (Rosal.) Rose (Rosa rugasa) China rose (Chinese rose)Rosa chinensis) Rosa (R), Rosa (R) ((R))Rosa sp.) Some edible varieties are collectively called. China roses are native to the north, the cultivation history is long, and the roses are planted all over the country at present. The culture of essential oil damascus roses is mainly used internationally, and fresh flowers and edible roses for processing the fresh flowers are mainly used in China. Rose essential oil is the main source of international high-grade perfume products, and the essential oil of Rosa damascena is superior as the essential oil, and the essential oil is called 'liquid gold' and is an important raw material necessary for producing cosmetics such as high-grade perfume. The prunus salicina is mostly processed into rose sauce by using fresh flower petals, and then the rose sauce is utilized to produce flour cakes such as rice dumplings, flaky pastries, bean paste bags and the like.
Powdery mildew (A)Sphaerothecapannosa(Wallr.) Lev) is one of the major diseases of roses, which is caused by powdery mildew (A), (B) and (C)Podosphaera pannosa) The special parasitism on the Chinese rose not only reduces the ornamental value of the Chinese rose, but also influences the growth of plants. Powdery mildew mainly infects green organs of the Chinese rose, and leaves, floral organs and tender tips of the Chinese rose are seriously diseased. The pathogenic bacteria mainly cause hyphae to pass through winter at diseased tips, diseased leaves, diseased buds, buds and other places. In recent years, China rose planting areas and scales are increasing, the damage is increased, and the disease can causethe leaves are curled and scorched, the tender tips can die, the flowers can not open or the flower postures are irregular, the ornamental value and the yield of the cut flowers are influenced, and great harm is caused to the China rose industry.
The 'scarlet' variety has poor disease resistance and more powdery mildew, the damaged parts are mainly leaves and young buds, and the melasma occasionally appears, but if the plant has no spreading sign after insecticide application, the plant growth is seriously influenced.
Powdery mildew occurs in the middle ten days of 5 months, generally appears at the apex part of a new leaf firstly, and black spot occurs at the beginning of 5 months, mainly appears on old leaves and is mostly circular or irregular spots.
The leaves of the 'carthamus' variety are smooth and free of fuzz, and studies show that some leaves with fuzz or a waxy layer are not easy to be infected by pathogenic spores due to the morphological barrier. 'Maohong' variety has poor disease resistance, more powdery mildew appears frequently, the affected parts mainly comprise leaves and tender buds, and northern leaf blight in rainy season also frequently occurs, and if necessary, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents can be used for preventing and treating diseases before flowering phase, such as zineb, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, thiophanate and the like, but after the drug is used, the drug resistance of germs is easily increased, so that the disease condition is repeated, and the improper application can cause the problems that the harvested flowers have pesticide residues and the like.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining a physical means.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means is designed, and comprises the following steps:
S1, soil preparation:
Removing weeds in soil and sterilizing, applying 900 kg/mu of non-decomposed organic base fertilizer, spreading 50 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, deeply turning over the soil by 25-30cm to fully mix the soil, irrigating water and covering with a mulching film, sealing for one month in seasons with sufficient illumination and high temperature, exposing the soil to sunlight under strong light after uncovering the film, and naturally drying the soil, wherein if the soil is planted in a greenhouse container, the culture medium is decomposed culture soil with the sufficient soil loosening depth of 10-15cm, and irradiating the soil for 30min by using a medical ultraviolet sterilizing lamp UVC (ultraviolet C), so that the soil is thoroughly sterilized and sterilized;
S2, early growth:
the organic fertilizer and the compound microbial fertilizer containing the bacillus subtilis can be applied, the organic matter is not less than 40%, the effective active bacteria is not less than 2000 ten thousand/g, and the application amount is 100 kg/mu, the method can adopt ring application or furrow application, the depth is 20-30cm, the soil-borne diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot can be effectively inhibited, the outbreak of various pests can be prevented, the porous structure of soil can be improved, the water storage capacity of the soil can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved;
s3, growth period:
watering once in 3-5 days in spring, watering once in 1 day in summer, properly spraying water to the leaf surfaces when the temperature is too high, washing off dust and cooling, trimming off spindly branches, dense branches and dead branches in time to create good ventilation and light transmission conditions, adapting to more supplementary nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the vegetative growth period, adopting leaf surface spraying fertilizers, wherein the concentration is less than 0.2%, and the application time is better than 9 am; in the period, powdery mildew needs to be prevented, a biological bacteriostatic agent trichoderma harzianum is adopted for green prevention and control, 500g of powder of an active microbial agent trichoderma harzianum is mixed with 7.5kg of water to be uniformly mixed and sprayed in sunny days, and the front and back surfaces of leaves, the basal part of plant roots and the surface of rhizosphere soil need to be carefully sprayed in place; powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria are easy to outbreak under the condition of high environmental humidity, the facility cultivation needs to be paid attention to keep good ventilation in the whole growth period, if continuous rainy weather occurs, a full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp containing a UVA wave band can be adopted to supplement light for 8-9 hours all day long to the plant, the distance between the lamp and the top end of the plant is 1m, the brightness reaches over 12000 lux, and the light intensity reaches at least 226 mu mol/s.m2enhancing photosynthesis, promoting growth, improving leaf oil brightness of plant, remarkably increasing activity of plant resistance enzyme system, enhancing disease resistance, and reducing blood pressurethe incidence of diseases is low;
S4, flowering phase:
the flower bud period is suitable for supplementing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, because a large amount of nutrients and water are consumed in the flower period, the foliage spray fertilizer can be properly adopted, the concentration is less than 0.2 percent, and the application time is preferably 9 am;
S5, late flowering stage:
Trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower, trimming weak branches, blind branches, long branches, cross branches and dead branches, trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower after the trimming is finished, wherein the trimming part is generally the 3 rd compound leaf part below the flower, if the flower seedling is shorter, only trimming the 2 nd compound leaf below the flower is needed, paying attention to one branch to ensure that 3 compound leaves exist at last, properly reducing the watering times in autumn, only one compound fertilizer (N) is applied once every 2-3 days in sunny days, the time is before 10 am, respectively dressing once every 7 months and 10 months, 6-11 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application points are alternately applied at four points around the plant and have the depth of 20 cm;
S6, winter dormancy:
the high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-cost lime sulphur is adopted for disease control, fallen leaves and dead branches are removed after the fallen leaves fall in winter every year, and lime sulphur can be sprayed once at 3-4 ℃ in Baume, so that not only can harmful pathogenic bacteria in soil be killed, but also most of pest eggs can be killed, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, and the later-stage prevention and control pressure is reduced; in winter, plants are re-sheared, the time is from the first 2 months of the New year's day, dense branches and crossed branches are cut off, branches with good growth positions are reserved, about 3 main branches are reserved, the height is 20-35cm, the pruning position is preferably the middle of a growth diameter section of seven small leaves of the branches, annual robust new branches are reserved during pruning, 2-3 leaves are reserved on each branch, and buds are reserved to the outside; applying organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis again, applying organic biofertilizer such as fish fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer if the soil fertility is poor, and earthing up the base of the branch with thickness of 4-8 cm.
Preferably, in step S2, in the early stage of growth, there are few weeds, manual removal, and most of the weeds are removed by a rotary cutter, and the weeds can be protected by covering a black mulching film and preventing grass on ground cloth, or by using ecological weed-preventing modes such as spreading carbonized broken wood blocks and pine bark, so that the moisture of soil can be maintained and the soil structure can be improved.
Preferably, in S2, the biofertilizer is not used together with a bactericide, an insecticide or an alkaline agent when applied.
preferably, in step S3, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 21g of potassium nitrate, 35g of calcium nitrate, 20g of ammonium nitrate, 5g of urea, 20g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of magnesium sulfate with 100kg of water.
Preferably, in step S3, if powdery mildew appears in rose in the growing period, 1000 times of 25% ethyl ether phenol sulfonate, 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution, 500 times of ethylicin solution + 2000 times of streptomycin solution, 600 times of nitrile triadimefon solution, and 5000 times of myclobutanil + ethirimol solution are mixed and alternately applied for 1-2 weeks once, and 2-3 times can be cured.
Preferably, in step S3, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20g of potassium nitrate, 30g of calcium nitrate, 10g of ammonium nitrate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate and 5g of magnesium sulfate with 100kg of water; timely harvesting, if diseased branches appear before harvesting, cutting off, timely trimming flowering branches after harvesting, wherein the trimming part is located on the second 7 small leaves under the receptacle, and performing one-time conventional fertilizer supplement in the later stage of flowering.
The invention provides a green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means, which has the beneficial effects that: the method provided by the invention plays an important role in improving the quality of agricultural products, reducing the use of pesticides and protecting the ecological environment, and is not only suitable for edible roses such as black rose, Yunnan red and the like, but also widely suitable for rose and modern gardening ornamental rose powdery mildew susceptible varieties; the prevention and control method scientifically and reasonably uses the microbial agent and physical prevention and control according to the disease occurrence condition in the growth period of the Chinese pink, does not use any pesticide, ensures the ecological cleanness of gardens, improves the yield of Chinese roses, and is a pollution-free green prevention and control method worthy of popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example one
A green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means comprises the following steps:
S1, soil preparation:
Removing weeds in soil and sterilizing, applying 900 kg/mu of non-decomposed organic base fertilizer, spreading 50 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, deeply turning over the soil by 25cm to fully mix the soil, irrigating water and covering with a mulching film, sealing for one month in seasons with sufficient illumination and high temperature, exposing the soil to sunlight under strong light after uncovering the film, and naturally drying the soil, wherein if the soil is planted in a greenhouse container, the culture medium is decomposed culture soil with the depth of fully loosening the soil being 13cm, and irradiating the soil for 30min by using a medical ultraviolet disinfection lamp UVC (ultraviolet C) to thoroughly sterilize and disinfect the soil;
S2, early growth:
The organic fertilizer and the compound microbial fertilizer containing the bacillus subtilis can be applied, the organic matter is not less than 40%, the effective active bacteria is not less than 2000 ten thousand/g, and the application amount is 100 kg/mu, the method can adopt ring application or furrow application, the depth is 25cm, the soil-borne diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot can be effectively inhibited, the outbreak of various pests can be prevented, the porous structure of soil can be improved, the water storage capacity of the soil can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved;
S3, growth period:
Watering once in 3 days in spring and once in 1 day in summer, properly spraying water to the leaf surfaces when the temperature is too high, washing off dust and cooling, trimming off spindly branches, dense branches and withered branches in time to create good ventilation and light transmission conditions, adapting to multiple nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the vegetative growth period, adopting leaf surface spraying fertilizers, wherein the concentration is less than 0.2%, and the application time is better than 9 am; in the period, powdery mildew needs to be prevented, a biological bacteriostatic agent trichoderma harzianum is adopted for green prevention and control, 500g of powder of an active microbial agent trichoderma harzianum is mixed with 7.5kg of water to be uniformly mixed and sprayed in sunny days, and the front and back surfaces of leaves, the basal part of plant roots and the surface of rhizosphere soil need to be carefully sprayed in place; powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria are easy to outbreak under the condition of high environmental humidity, the facility cultivation needs to be paid attention to keep good ventilation in the whole growth period, and if continuous rainy weather occurs, a full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp containing a UVA wave band can be adopted to advance plantsSupplementing light for 8 hours all day long, the distance between the lamp and the top of the plant is 1m, the brightness reaches over 12000 lux, and the light intensity reaches at least 226 mu mol/s.m2the photosynthesis is enhanced, the growth is promoted, the oil brightness of plant leaves can be improved, the activity of a plant resistance enzyme system can be obviously improved, the disease resistance is enhanced, and the disease incidence rate is reduced;
S4, flowering phase:
the flower bud period is suitable for supplementing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, because a large amount of nutrients and water are consumed in the flower period, the foliage spray fertilizer can be properly adopted, the concentration is less than 0.2 percent, and the application time is preferably 9 am;
S5, late flowering stage:
trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower, trimming weak branches, blind branches, long branches, cross branches and dead branches, trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower after the trimming is finished, wherein the trimming part is generally the 3 rd compound leaf part below the flower, if the flower seedling is shorter, only trimming the 2 nd compound leaf below the flower is needed, paying attention to one branch to ensure that 3 compound leaves exist at last, properly reducing the watering times in autumn, only one compound fertilizer (N) is applied once every 2 days in sunny days, the time is before 10 am, compound fertilizers (N) are applied once in 7 months and 10 months, 8 kg/mu are applied alternately at four points around the plant, and the depth is 20 cm;
s6, winter dormancy:
the high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-cost lime sulphur is adopted for disease control, fallen leaves and dead branches are removed after the fallen leaves fall in winter every year, and the lime sulphur can be sprayed once by 3 degrees lime sulphur, so that not only can harmful pathogenic bacteria in soil be killed, but also most of pest eggs can be killed, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, and the later-stage prevention and control pressure is reduced; the plant is re-sheared in winter, the time is from the first 2 months of the New year's day, the over-dense branches and the cross branches are sheared, the branches with good growing positions are reserved, about 3 main branches are reserved, the height is 25cm, the shearing position is suitable for the middle of the growth diameter section of seven small leaves of the branches, annual robust new branches are reserved during shearing, 2 leaves are reserved on each branch, and the reserved buds are arranged outwards; and applying an organic fertilizer containing bacillus subtilis again, wherein the using amount is the same as that of the organic fertilizer, if the soil fertility is poor, organic biofertilizer rich in fish manure, seaweed fertilizer and the like can be applied, and the base of the branch is earthed up to 4 cm.
example two
a green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means comprises the following steps:
S1, soil preparation:
removing weeds in soil and sterilizing, applying 900 kg/mu of non-decomposed organic base fertilizer, spreading 50 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, deeply turning over the soil by 28cm to fully mix the soil, irrigating water and covering with a mulching film, sealing for one month in seasons with sufficient illumination and high temperature, exposing the soil to sunlight under strong light after uncovering the film, and naturally drying the soil, wherein if the soil is planted in a greenhouse container, the culture medium is decomposed culture soil with the depth of fully loosening the soil being 15cm, and irradiating the soil for 30min by using a medical ultraviolet disinfection lamp UVC (ultraviolet C) to thoroughly sterilize and disinfect the soil;
s2, early growth:
The organic fertilizer and the compound microbial fertilizer containing the bacillus subtilis can be applied, the organic matter is not less than 40%, the effective active bacteria is not less than 2000 ten thousand/g, and the application amount is 100 kg/mu, the method can adopt ring application or furrow application, the depth is 28cm, the soil-borne diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot can be effectively inhibited, the outbreak of various pests can be prevented, the porous structure of soil can be improved, the water storage capacity of the soil can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved;
s3, growth period:
Watering once in 5 days in spring, and once in 1 day in summer, properly spraying water to the leaf surfaces when the temperature is too high, washing off dust and cooling, trimming off spindly branches, dense branches and withered branches in time to create good ventilation and light transmission conditions, adapting to multiple nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the vegetative growth period, adopting leaf surface spraying fertilizers, wherein the concentration is less than 0.2%, and the application time is better than 9 am; in the period, powdery mildew needs to be prevented, a biological bacteriostatic agent trichoderma harzianum is adopted for green prevention and control, 500g of powder of an active microbial agent trichoderma harzianum is mixed with 7.5kg of water to be uniformly mixed and sprayed in sunny days, and the front and back surfaces of leaves, the basal part of plant roots and the surface of rhizosphere soil need to be carefully sprayed in place; powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria are easy to outbreak under the condition of high environmental humidity, the facility cultivation needs to be paid attention to keep good ventilation in the whole growth period, and if continuous rainy days are met, a wave band containing UVA can be adoptedThe full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light to plants for 9 hours all day long, the distance between the lamp and the top end of the plants is 1m, the brightness reaches over 12000 lux, and the light intensity reaches at least 226 mu mol/s.m2the photosynthesis is enhanced, the growth is promoted, the oil brightness of plant leaves can be improved, the activity of a plant resistance enzyme system can be obviously improved, the disease resistance is enhanced, and the disease incidence rate is reduced;
S4, flowering phase:
The flower bud period is suitable for supplementing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, because a large amount of nutrients and water are consumed in the flower period, the foliage spray fertilizer can be properly adopted, the concentration is less than 0.2 percent, and the application time is preferably 9 am;
s5, late flowering stage:
trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower, trimming weak branches, blind branches, long branches, cross branches and dead branches, trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower after the trimming is finished, wherein the trimming part is generally the 3 rd compound leaf part below the flower, if the flower seedling is shorter, only trimming the 2 nd compound leaf below the flower is needed, paying attention to one branch to ensure that 3 compound leaves exist at last, properly reducing the watering times in autumn, only one compound fertilizer (N) is applied once every 3 days in sunny days, the time is before 10 am, compound fertilizers (N) are applied once in 7 months and 10 months, 10 kg/mu are applied alternately at four points around the plant, and the depth is 20 cm;
S6, winter dormancy:
The high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-cost lime sulphur is adopted for disease control, fallen leaves and dead branches are removed after the fallen leaves fall in winter every year, and the lime sulphur can be sprayed once by 5 degrees lime sulphur, so that not only can harmful pathogenic bacteria in soil be killed, but also most of pest eggs can be killed, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, and the later-stage prevention and control pressure is reduced; the plant is re-sheared in winter, the time is from the first 2 months of the New year's day, the over-dense branches and the cross branches are sheared, the branches with good growing positions are reserved, about 3 main branches are reserved, the height is 32cm, the shearing position is suitable for the middle of the growth diameter section of seven small leaves of the branches, annual robust new branches are reserved during shearing, 3 leaves are reserved on each branch, and the reserved buds are arranged to the outside; and applying an organic fertilizer containing bacillus subtilis again, wherein the using amount is the same as that of the organic fertilizer, if the soil fertility is poor, organic biofertilizer rich in fish manure, seaweed fertilizer and the like can be applied, and the base of the branch is earthed up to 5cm in thickness.
in the first to second embodiments: furthermore, in the step S2, in the early stage of growth, the weeds are few, the weeds are removed manually, the weeds are removed by a rotary cutter, the weeds can be prevented by covering a black mulching film and ground cloth, or ecological weed prevention modes such as spreading carbonized broken wood blocks and pine bark can be used, so that the weeds can be prevented, the soil humidity can be kept, and the soil structure can be improved.
further, in S2, when the biofertilizer is applied, it cannot be used together with a bactericide, an insecticide or an alkaline agent.
preferably, in step S3, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 21g of potassium nitrate, 35g of calcium nitrate, 20g of ammonium nitrate, 5g of urea, 20g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of magnesium sulfate with 100kg of water.
further, in step S3, if powdery mildew appears in the rose in the growing period, 1000 times of 25% ethyl ether phenol sulfonate, 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution, 500 times of ethylicin solution, 2000 times of streptomycin solution, 600 times of nitrile triadimefon solution, and 5000 times of myclobutanil and ethirimol solution are mixed and alternately applied once in 1-2 weeks for 2-3 times to cure the powdery mildew.
In step S3, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20g of potassium nitrate, 30g of calcium nitrate, 10g of ammonium nitrate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate and 5g of magnesium sulfate and adding 100kg of water; timely harvesting, if diseased branches appear before harvesting, cutting off, timely trimming flowering branches after harvesting, wherein the trimming part is located on the second 7 small leaves under the receptacle, and performing one-time conventional fertilizer supplement in the later stage of flowering.
The green prevention and control method for the powdery mildew of the edible roses, which is provided by the invention and combines a physical means, plays an important role in improving the quality of agricultural products, reducing the use of pesticides and protecting the ecological environment, and is not only suitable for edible roses such as black rose, Yunnan red and the like, but also widely suitable for roses and modern gardening ornamental monthly rose powdery mildew susceptible varieties; the prevention and control method scientifically and reasonably uses the microbial agent and physical prevention and control according to the disease occurrence condition in the growth period of the Chinese pink, does not use any pesticide, ensures the ecological cleanness of gardens, improves the yield of Chinese roses, and is a pollution-free green prevention and control method worthy of popularization.
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A green prevention and control method for edible rose powdery mildew by combining physical means is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
Removing weeds in soil and sterilizing, applying 900 kg/mu of non-decomposed organic base fertilizer, spreading 50 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, deeply turning over the soil by 25-30cm to fully mix the soil, irrigating water and covering with a mulching film, sealing for one month in seasons with sufficient illumination and high temperature, exposing the soil to sunlight under strong light after uncovering the film, and naturally drying the soil, wherein if the soil is planted in a greenhouse container, the culture medium is decomposed culture soil with the sufficient soil loosening depth of 10-15cm, and irradiating the soil for 30min by using a medical ultraviolet sterilizing lamp UVC (ultraviolet C), so that the soil is thoroughly sterilized and sterilized;
s2, early growth:
the organic fertilizer and the compound microbial fertilizer containing the bacillus subtilis can be applied, the organic matter is not less than 40%, the effective active bacteria is not less than 2000 ten thousand/g, and the application amount is 100 kg/mu, the method can adopt ring application or furrow application, the depth is 20-30cm, the soil-borne diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot can be effectively inhibited, the outbreak of various pests can be prevented, the porous structure of soil can be improved, the water storage capacity of the soil can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved;
s3, growth period:
Watering once in 3-5 days in spring, watering once in 1 day in summer, properly spraying water to the leaf surfaces when the temperature is too high, washing off dust and cooling, trimming off spindly branches, dense branches and dead branches in time to create good ventilation and light transmission conditions, adapting to more supplementary nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the vegetative growth period, adopting leaf surface spraying fertilizers, wherein the concentration is less than 0.2%, and the application time is better than 9 am; during which time it is anticipated thatThe powdery mildew is prevented, the biological bacteriostatic agent trichoderma harzianum is adopted for green prevention and control, 500g of powder of the active microbial agent trichoderma harzianum is mixed with 7.5kg of water to be uniformly mixed and sprayed in sunny days, and the front and back surfaces of leaves, the root base of a plant and the surface of rhizosphere soil are carefully sprayed in place; powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria are easy to outbreak under the condition of high environmental humidity, the facility cultivation needs to be paid attention to keep good ventilation in the whole growth period, if continuous rainy weather occurs, a full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp containing a UVA wave band can be adopted to supplement light for 8-9 hours all day long to the plant, the distance between the lamp and the top end of the plant is 1m, the brightness reaches over 12000 lux, and the light intensity reaches at least 226 mu mol/s.m2the photosynthesis is enhanced, the growth is promoted, the oil brightness of plant leaves can be improved, the activity of a plant resistance enzyme system can be obviously improved, the disease resistance is enhanced, and the disease incidence rate is reduced;
s4, flowering phase:
The flower bud period is suitable for supplementing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, because a large amount of nutrients and water are consumed in the flower period, the foliage spray fertilizer can be properly adopted, the concentration is less than 0.2 percent, and the application time is preferably 9 am;
S5, late flowering stage:
trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower, trimming weak branches, blind branches, long branches, cross branches and dead branches, trimming the plant type at the later stage of the flower after the trimming is finished, wherein the trimming part is generally the 3 rd compound leaf part below the flower, if the flower seedling is shorter, only trimming the 2 nd compound leaf below the flower is needed, paying attention to one branch to ensure that 3 compound leaves exist at last, properly reducing the watering times in autumn, only one compound fertilizer (N) is applied once every 2-3 days in sunny days, the time is before 10 am, respectively dressing once every 7 months and 10 months, 6-11 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application points are alternately applied at four points around the plant and have the depth of 20 cm;
S6, winter dormancy:
the high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-cost lime sulphur is adopted for disease control, fallen leaves and dead branches are removed after the fallen leaves fall in winter every year, and lime sulphur can be sprayed once at 3-4 ℃ in Baume, so that not only can harmful pathogenic bacteria in soil be killed, but also most of pest eggs can be killed, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, and the later-stage prevention and control pressure is reduced; in winter, plants are re-sheared, the time is from the first 2 months of the New year's day, dense branches and crossed branches are cut off, branches with good growth positions are reserved, about 3 main branches are reserved, the height is 20-35cm, the pruning position is preferably the middle of a growth diameter section of seven small leaves of the branches, annual robust new branches are reserved during pruning, 2-3 leaves are reserved on each branch, and buds are reserved to the outside; applying organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis again, applying organic biofertilizer such as fish fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer if the soil fertility is poor, and earthing up the base of the branch with thickness of 4-8 cm.
2. The method for green prevention and control of rose powdery mildew with physical measures according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, in the early stage of growth, the weeds are few, the weeds are manually removed, a rotary cutter is mostly used for weeding, a black mulching film is covered on the ground, grass is prevented on the ground, ecological grass prevention modes such as spreading carbonized wood blocks and pine barks can be used, and not only grass prevention, but also soil humidity can be maintained, and the soil structure can be improved.
3. The method for green prevention and control of rose powdery mildew in combination with physical means as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the biofertilizer is not used together with bactericide, insecticide and alkaline agent when applied.
4. the method for green prevention and control of rose powdery mildew with physical measures according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 21g of potassium nitrate, 35g of calcium nitrate, 20g of ammonium nitrate, 5g of urea, 20g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of magnesium sulfate with 100kg of water.
5. The method for green prevention and control of rose powdery mildew in combination with physical means as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, if powdery mildew appears in rose in the growing period, 25% ethyl ether phenol sulfonate 1000 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid, 500 times liquid of ethylicin + 2000 times liquid of streptomycin, 600 times liquid of cyanomycotriazolinone, and 5000 times liquid of myclobutanil + ethirimol are mixed and applied alternately for 1-2 weeks, and 2-3 times can be cured.
6. the method for green prevention and control of edible rose powdery mildew by physical means as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20g of potassium nitrate, 30g of calcium nitrate, 10g of ammonium nitrate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate and 5g of magnesium sulfate with 100kg of water; timely harvesting, if diseased branches appear before harvesting, cutting off, timely trimming flowering branches after harvesting, wherein the trimming part is located on the second 7 small leaves under the receptacle, and performing one-time conventional fertilizer supplement in the later stage of flowering.
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