CN104396641A - Pest control method of pollution-free grape - Google Patents
Pest control method of pollution-free grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396641A CN104396641A CN201410754813.XA CN201410754813A CN104396641A CN 104396641 A CN104396641 A CN 104396641A CN 201410754813 A CN201410754813 A CN 201410754813A CN 104396641 A CN104396641 A CN 104396641A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
A pest control method of pollution-free grape comprises comprehensive pest control, and nutrient and water management; wiping out diseased branches and tendrils, thoroughly striking off the ill burls, removing the Chermidae in December to the first ten days of March of the next year; sterilizing the whole plant and the soil surface below the plant in the middle ten days of March to April; sterilizing by spraying in the middle ten days of April to May; sterilizing by spraying in the middle ten days of May, until the inflorescence is thoroughly sprayed; the last ten days of May to the end of the first ten days of June is the flowering phase and the young fruit rapid growth stage; the middle ten days of June to the beginning of July is the young fruit expanding stage and the kernel hardening stage; the first ten days of July to the last ten days of August is the fruit coloring stage to the harvest time; alternately use 50% of prochloraz wettable powder, or 50% of difenoconazole, or 25% of propiconazole emulsifiable solution, or 80% of mancozeb, or the like, for sterilization; the nutrient and water management comprises: selecting sandy soil with sufficient sunlight and good water permeability; cultivating by deep trench and high ridge mode; reducing the humidity of the garden and the air humidity at the grape fruiting positions; applying base fertilizer in the last ten days of October or the first ten days of November, and the base fertilizer contains 1 wt% to 2 wt% of silicate microbial agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique of grape, especially relate to a kind of outdoor cropping pollution-free grape pest control method.
Background technology
Grape is one of fruit of liking of people, and it is not only tasty, and has very high nutritive value, and be suitable for crowd wide, in recent years, in the Changjiang river areas to the south of China, the cultivated area of grape also constantly expands thereupon.The mode of current plantation includes greenhouse gardening and open country plantation, but the grape of open country plantation, want non agricultural chemical residuum, the planting patterns of Harmless will be adopted.The Changjiang river areas to the south is typical rainy moist climate region, annual rainfall 1700 ~ 1800mm, and more than 60% concentrates on the grape growth phase, and therefore, grape disease is serious.The common disease of grape has anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, gray mold, downy mildew, white rot etc.; Common insect pest has mite class, coccid, fleahopper, aphid, clearwing moth, chafer etc., if it is improper to prevent and treat, the underproduction is very easily caused to degrade, even ruin garden, therefore the use of various agricultural chemicals is very important, if improper use, not only affects vintage and quality, also can cause environmental pollution and fruit contamination, affect health.
The pesticide variety that traditional extermination of disease and insect pest uses at each vegetative stage of grape is many, configure quite loaded down with trivial details, easily cause residue of pesticide, cause environmental pollution, affect the security performance of food, and the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests is difficult people's will to the greatest extent also, often causes the fruit of grape not full, yields poorly down.Therefore, outdoor cropping pollution-free grape pest control method is studied to the meaning with reality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcomes the above-mentioned defect that prior art exists, and provides a kind of cost-saving, nuisanceless, the prevention and controls of the grape damage by disease and insect that fruit quality is high, output is large.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pollution-free grape pest control method, it comprises integrated control and the rich water quality management of damage by disease and insect, and the integrated control of described damage by disease and insect comprises:
1) December ~ early March resting stage in next year, in conjunction with winter pruning, wipe out sick branch climing, to wipe out on frame withered fruit ear, strike off the upper sick skin of branches and tendrils, always stick up skin, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, shedding, uproot weeds, concentrate and to burn or buried; Trunk, concrete column and ground all spray 3 ~ 5Be lime sulfur; The branches and tendrils of disease skin are struck off by weight the brushing of 1:3 furnishing pastel with lime sulfur residue and lime; After having the diseased plant of root knot thoroughly to strike off disease cancer, coat 50% in affected part immediately and to disappear bacterium spirit soluble powder 40 ~ 60 times of liquid and Tianda-2116 cell membrane stable state agent 40 ~ 60 times of liquid; Have the diseased plant of radicola, often spread manuer in holes 10% pungent mix phosphorus powder granula 15 ~ 20g after water;
2) mid-March ~ at the beginning of 4 months rudiment dew the green phase, at Zhan Yeqian, spray the soil surface below whole tree body and plant with 3 ~ 5Be lime sulfur or 70% polysulfide barium soluble powder, 80 times of liquid; Expand at bud, occur bobbles shape, spray 50% when beginning to show green in time and to disappear 800 ~ 900 times of liquid sterilizations of bacterium spirit soluble powder;
3) mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, spray 78% section after average 3 leaves of Zhan Yezhi and win wetting powder 600 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, every 10 ~ 12d spray once; When late April, inflorescence was separated, sprays 10% Pola peace wetting powder, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid, make liquid infiltrate cob when spraying, spray with 50% iprodione wettable, 1000 times of liquid again after 7d;
4) flowering stage mid-May, spray 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid, 40% phonetic mould amine 1000 times of liquid and 10% eliminate 1000 times of liquid, reach and make spray on inflorescence saturating;
5) late May ~ early June Flowers ending and young fruit Fast-growing stage, 80% sprays 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid and 10% generation high 1500 times of liquid when thanking colored; Every 6 ~ 7d, spray 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid, or 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 2000 times of liquid, or 50% vinclozolin water dispersible granules, 1000 times of liquid;
6) mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, often cross 7 ~ 10d sprays 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid, 78% section wins wetting powder 500 times of liquid and 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 times of liquid;
7) early July ~ fruit colouring ~ picking time late August, be used alternatingly 50% Prochloraz wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid; Before non-bagging, be used alternatingly the de-2000 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% enemy's power and spray fruit ear 2 ~ 3 times; Wipe out disease fruit, sick branches and tendrils and sick leaf in time, and concentrate buried or burn; Add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 3 1000 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 4 1000 times of liquid during spray medicine, be used in conjunction 2 ~ 3 times;
8) early September ~ mid-October Fruit after the nutrient accumulation phase, alternately spray the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid, or 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid;
Described rich water quality management specifically comprises:
Select sunny, physical features is open, clear air, irrigation and drainage plot and the sandy soil that the soil is porous, water penetration is good easily, adopts the cultivation of zanjon height furrow formula, to reduce field humidity; Line-spacing is widened, reduces frame face coverage rate, make orchard ground moisture easily through frame diffusion, thus reduce the air humidity of grape setting fruit position;
Late October or early November basal dressing, during fertilising, Rate of Organic Fertilizer accounts for the 50wt% ~ 60wt% of fertilizing amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight ratio are 1:0.5 ~ 1:1 ~ 1.5; Silicate microbial bacterial agent containing 1wt% ~ 2wt% in base manure; Impose the front fertilizer of bud, thank fertilizers for potted flowers, fruit-promoting fertilizer, sprayed RE microbial fertilizer.
As further improvement opportunity scheme, pollution-free grape pest control method provided by the invention, also comprises:
In flowering stage mid-May, the orchard that mite class is serious also sprays 20% pyridaben wetting powder, 3000 ~ 4000 times of liquid;
Late May ~ early June, before fruit bagging, spray 25% Amici and reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid, or with 25% Amici reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid and 2.5% suitable happy time suspension seed-coating agent 1500 times of immersions rinse fruit ear, liquid parches rear rapid bagging;
Early July ~ early August, damaged by vermin occur time spray 2.5% cream of decamethrin, 800 times of liquid;
Early September ~ mid-October Fruit after, find downy mildew, then spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid, or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid, or the easy water conservation dispersive granule of 68.75% Du Pont 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid.
As further improvement opportunity scheme, pollution-free grape pest control method provided by the invention, also comprise: mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, if any pest damage, spray the safe water dispersion granule of 25% Acker 3000 ~ 4000 times of liquid, or spray 10% and eliminate suspending agent 1000 times of liquid.
As further improvement opportunity scheme, pollution-free grape pest control method provided by the invention, also comprises: mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, avoid morbidity by bagging; To anthracnose control, add spray 50% Prochloraz wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid; To downy mildew control, add spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid; To controlling powdery mildew, add spray 25% and oppose the de-2000 times of liquid of power.
As further improvement opportunity scheme, pollution-free grape pest control method provided by the invention, fine day connective 7 ~ 15 d; Rainy day, according to rainy situation, sprays mancozeb, tpn, Ke Bo or hundred can obtain protectant before rain, spray immediately mouldly spirit, generation high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy Li Tuonei to inhale treatment bactericide after rain; Meet rain in 12 h after spray medicine, should fill spray once at once; Section is rich waits protectant can continuous administration, can not develop immunity to drugs; But Sukeling, mould can spirit, generation is high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy's power take off discontinuous use more than 2 times.
When not conflicting, aforementioned preferably or improvement project can implement alone or in combination.
In the present invention, lime sulfur is added water to boil by quicklime, sulphur and forms, and when boiling, three's raw material weight ratio is 1:2:10.When boiling, with watt pot or cast iron pan, matching while using.All the other bactericide, insecticide are the commodity that market is purchased.
The beneficial effect that the present invention brings: compared with the pest control method in existing viticulture process, of the present invention provide pollution-free grape pest control method, adopt the mode of putting prevention first, fungi-proofingly microbial inoculum is killed off because being used alternatingly, reduce probability of catching an illness, promote grape fruit-setting rate and output, fruit ear is typical and complete, and defect fruit is less than 4%, reaches pollution-free food Table Grape (NY5086-2002) standard-required.Add silicate microbial bacterial agent in base manure, effect of increasing production is obvious.
Embodiment
Embodiment is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and form a application's part, schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the Changjiang river areas to the south, open country plantation grape process in, the non-environmental pollution control process of grape damage by disease and insect and method as follows:
Select sunny, physical features is open, clear air, irrigation and drainage plot and the sandy soil that the soil is porous, water penetration is good easily, adopts the cultivation of zanjon height furrow formula, to reduce field humidity; Line-spacing is widened, reduces frame face coverage rate, make orchard ground moisture easily through frame diffusion, thus reduce the air humidity of grape setting fruit position.
Late October or early November basal dressing, during fertilising, Rate of Organic Fertilizer accounts for the 50wt% of fertilizing amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight ratio are 1:0.5:1, is added with the silicate microbial bacterial agent of 1wt% in base manure.
December ~ early March resting stage in next year, in conjunction with winter pruning, wipe out sick branch climing, to wipe out on frame withered fruit ear, strike off the upper sick skin of branches and tendrils, always stick up skin, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, shedding, uproot weeds, concentrate and to burn or buried; Trunk, concrete column and ground all spray 3Be lime sulfur; The branches and tendrils of disease skin are struck off by weight the brushing of 1:3 furnishing pastel with lime sulfur residue and lime; After having the diseased plant of root knot thoroughly to strike off disease cancer, coat 40 times of liquid and Tianda-2116 cell membrane stable state agent 40 times of liquid immediately in affected part; Have the diseased plant of radicola, often spread manuer in holes 10% pungent mix phosphorus powder granula 15g after water; Various bacterium source and the worm source of surviving the winter can be removed.
2) mid-March ~ the rudiment dew green phase at the beginning of 4 months, impose fertile before bud, at Zhan Yeqian, spray the soil surface below whole tree body and plant with 3Be lime sulfur or 70% polysulfide barium soluble powder, 80 times of liquid; Expand at bud, occur bobbles shape, spray 50% when beginning to show green in time and to disappear the 800 times of liquid sterilizations of bacterium spirit soluble powder; The various damage by disease and insect that branch is in the tree survived the winter can be removed, now prevent and treat white rot, anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, downy mildew, powdery mildew, mite class, coccid etc. especially effective.
3) mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, spray 78% section after average 3 leaves of Zhan Yezhi and win wetting powder 600 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, every 10d spray once; When late April, inflorescence was separated, sprays 10% Pola peace wetting powder, 500 times of liquid, make liquid infiltrate cob when spraying, spray with 50% iprodione wettable, 1000 times of liquid again after 7d.If any pest damage, spray the safe water dispersion granule of 25% Acker 3000 times of liquid, or spray 10% and eliminate suspending agent 1000 times of liquid.
4) flowering stage mid-May, spray 80% mancozeb, 500 times of liquid, 40% phonetic mould amine 1000 times of liquid and 10% eliminate 1000 times of liquid, reach and make spray on inflorescence saturating; The orchard that mite class is serious also sprays 20% pyridaben wetting powder, 3000 times of liquid; Use boron fertilizer simultaneously; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc., and insect pest has coccid, fleahopper, aphid, clearwing moth, mite class etc.
5) late May ~ early June Flowers ending and young fruit Fast-growing stage, 80% sprays 80% mancozeb, 500 times of liquid and 10% generation high 1500 times of liquid when thanking colored; Every 6d, spray 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, or 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 2000 times of liquid, or 50% vinclozolin water dispersible granules, 1000 times of liquid; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.Before fruit bagging, spray 25% Amici and reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid, or with 25% Amici reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid and 2.5% suitable happy time suspension seed-coating agent 1500 times of immersions rinse fruit ear, liquid parches rear rapid bagging; Before fruit bagging, common pesticides and mixing formula have: (1) 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1000 times liquid+25% d ichlorbenzuron suspension missible oil 1500 times of liquid+Tianda-2116s (fruit tree) 1000 times of liquid; (2) 50% bacterium spirit 1000 times of liquid+4% aphid lice speed that disappear are killed 1500 times of liquid+drought and waterlogging and are received 1500 times of liquid; (3) 75% control spirit 500 times of liquid+5% jinggangmeisu aquas, 500 times of liquid+25% d ichlorbenzuron 2000 times of liquid+5% aphid lice speed of withering kills 1500 times of liquid.To anthracnose control, add spray 50% Prochloraz wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1000 times of liquid; To downy mildew control, add spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 700 times of liquid or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 600 times of liquid; To controlling powdery mildew, add spray 25% and oppose the de-2000 times of liquid of power.
6) mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, often cross 7d sprays 80% mancozeb, 500 times of liquid, 78% section wins wetting powder 500 times of liquid and 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 times of liquid; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.Fruit-promoting fertilizer can be imposed.
7) early July ~ fruit colouring ~ picking time late August, be used alternatingly 50% Prochloraz wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb, 500 times of liquid; Before non-bagging, be used alternatingly the de-2000 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% enemy's power and spray fruit ear 2 times; Wipe out disease fruit, sick branches and tendrils and sick leaf in time, and concentrate buried or burn; Add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 3 1000 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 4 1000 times of liquid during spray medicine, be used in conjunction 2 times; Damaged by vermin sprays 2.5% cream of decamethrin, 800 times of liquid when occurring.The disease of control has anthracnose, downy mildew, white rot, leaf spot etc., and insect pest has chafer etc.
8) early September ~ mid-October Fruit after the nutrient accumulation phase, alternately spray the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid, or 80% mancozeb, 500 times of liquid; After Fruit, find downy mildew, then spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 700 times of liquid, or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, or the easy water conservation dispersive granule of 68.75% Du Pont 1000 times of liquid.Blade and the fruit diseases such as the disease white rot of preventing and treating, gray mold, anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, room rot, powdery mildew and downy mildew, rust, felt disease (mite class).
Liquid sprays in process, during each production process unexplained reference, and fine day connective 7d; Rainy day, according to rainy situation, sprays mancozeb, tpn, Ke Bo or hundred can obtain protectant before rain, spray immediately mouldly spirit, generation high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy Li Tuonei to inhale treatment bactericide after rain; Meet rain in 12 h after spray medicine, should fill spray once at once; Section is rich waits protectant can continuous administration, can not develop immunity to drugs; But Sukeling, mould can spirit, generation is high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy's power de-etc. in inhale the discontinuous use for the treatment of bactericide more than 2 times.
Embodiment 2: the Changjiang river areas to the south, open country plantation grape process in, the non-environmental pollution control process of grape damage by disease and insect and method as follows:
Select sunny, physical features is open, clear air, irrigation and drainage plot and the sandy soil that the soil is porous, water penetration is good easily, adopts the cultivation of zanjon height furrow formula, to reduce field humidity; Line-spacing is widened, reduces frame face coverage rate, make orchard ground moisture easily through frame diffusion, thus reduce the air humidity of grape setting fruit position.
Late October or early November basal dressing, during fertilising, Rate of Organic Fertilizer accounts for the 60wt% of fertilizing amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight ratio are 1:1:1.5, is added with the silicate microbial bacterial agent of 2wt% in base manure.
December ~ early March resting stage in next year, in conjunction with winter pruning, wipe out sick branch climing, to wipe out on frame withered fruit ear, strike off the upper sick skin of branches and tendrils, always stick up skin, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, shedding, uproot weeds, concentrate and to burn or buried; Trunk, concrete column and ground all spray 5Be lime sulfur; The branches and tendrils of disease skin are struck off by weight the brushing of 1:3 furnishing pastel with lime sulfur residue and lime; After having the diseased plant of root knot thoroughly to strike off disease cancer, coat 50% in affected part immediately and to disappear bacterium spirit soluble powder 60 times of liquid and Tianda-2116 cell membrane stable state agent 60 times of liquid; Have the diseased plant of radicola, often spread manuer in holes 10% pungent mix phosphorus powder granula 20g after water; Various bacterium source and the worm source of surviving the winter can be removed.
2) mid-March ~ the rudiment dew green phase at the beginning of 4 months, impose fertile before bud, at Zhan Yeqian, spray the soil surface below whole tree body and plant with 5Be lime sulfur or 70% polysulfide barium soluble powder, 80 times of liquid; Expand at bud, occur bobbles shape, spray 50% when beginning to show green in time and to disappear the 900 times of liquid sterilizations of bacterium spirit soluble powder; The various damage by disease and insect that branch is in the tree survived the winter can be removed, now prevent and treat white rot, anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, downy mildew, powdery mildew, mite class, coccid etc. especially effective.
3) mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, spray 78% section after average 3 leaves of Zhan Yezhi and win wetting powder 600 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, every 12d spray once; When late April, inflorescence was separated, sprays 10% Pola peace wetting powder, 700 times of liquid, make liquid infiltrate cob when spraying, spray with 50% iprodione wettable, 1000 times of liquid again after 7d.If any pest damage, spray the safe water dispersion granule of 25% Acker 4000 times of liquid, or spray 10% and eliminate suspending agent 1000 times of liquid.
4) flowering stage mid-May, spray 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid, 40% phonetic mould amine 1000 times of liquid and 10% eliminate 1000 times of liquid, reach and make spray on inflorescence saturating; The orchard that mite class is serious also sprays 20% pyridaben wetting powder, 4000 times of liquid; Use boron fertilizer simultaneously; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc., and insect pest has coccid, fleahopper, aphid, clearwing moth, mite class etc.
5) late May ~ early June Flowers ending and young fruit Fast-growing stage, 80% sprays 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid and 10% generation high 1500 times of liquid when thanking colored; Every 7d, spray 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, or 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 2000 times of liquid, or 50% vinclozolin water dispersible granules, 1000 times of liquid; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.Before fruit bagging, spray 25% Amici and reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid, or with 25% Amici reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid and 2.5% suitable happy time suspension seed-coating agent 1500 times of immersions rinse fruit ear, liquid parches rear rapid bagging; Before fruit bagging, common pesticides and mixing formula have: (1) 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1000 times liquid+25% d ichlorbenzuron suspension missible oil 1500 times of liquid+Tianda-2116s (fruit tree) 1000 times of liquid; (2) 50% bacterium spirit 1000 times of liquid+4% aphid lice speed that disappear are killed 1500 times of liquid+drought and waterlogging and are received 1500 times of liquid; (3) 75% control spirit 500 times of liquid+5% jinggangmeisu aquas, 1000 times of liquid+25% d ichlorbenzuron 2000 times of liquid+5% aphid lice speed of withering kills 2000 times of liquid.To anthracnose control, add spray 50% Prochloraz wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid; To downy mildew control, add spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 1000 times of liquid or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 800 times of liquid; To controlling powdery mildew, add spray 25% and oppose the de-2000 times of liquid of power.
6) mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, often cross 10d sprays 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid, 78% section wins wetting powder 500 times of liquid and 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 times of liquid; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.Fruit-promoting fertilizer can be imposed.
7) early July ~ fruit colouring ~ picking time late August, be used alternatingly 50% Prochloraz wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid; Before non-bagging, be used alternatingly the de-2000 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% enemy's power and spray fruit ear 3 times; Wipe out disease fruit, sick branches and tendrils and sick leaf in time, and concentrate buried or burn; Add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 3 1000 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 4 1000 times of liquid during spray medicine, be used in conjunction 3 times; Damaged by vermin sprays 2.5% cream of decamethrin, 800 times of liquid when occurring.The disease of control has anthracnose, downy mildew, white rot, leaf spot etc., and insect pest has chafer etc.
8) early September ~ mid-October Fruit after the nutrient accumulation phase, alternately spray the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid, or 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid; After Fruit, find downy mildew, then spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, or the easy water conservation dispersive granule of 68.75% Du Pont 1500 times of liquid.Blade and the fruit diseases such as the disease white rot of preventing and treating, gray mold, anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, room rot, powdery mildew and downy mildew, rust, felt disease (mite class).
Liquid sprays in process, fine day connective 15 d; Rainy day, according to rainy situation, sprays mancozeb, tpn, Ke Bo or hundred can obtain protectant before rain, spray immediately mouldly spirit, generation high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy Li Tuonei to inhale treatment bactericide after rain; Meet rain in 12 h after spray medicine, should fill spray once at once; Section is rich waits protectant can continuous administration, can not develop immunity to drugs; But Sukeling, mould can spirit, generation is high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy's power de-etc. in inhale the discontinuous use for the treatment of bactericide more than 2 times.
Embodiment 3: the Changjiang river areas to the south, open country plantation grape process in, the non-environmental pollution control process of grape damage by disease and insect and method as follows:
Select sunny, physical features is open, clear air, irrigation and drainage plot and the sandy soil that the soil is porous, water penetration is good easily, adopts the cultivation of zanjon height furrow formula, to reduce field humidity; Line-spacing is widened, reduces frame face coverage rate, make orchard ground moisture easily through frame diffusion, thus reduce the air humidity of grape setting fruit position.
Late October or early November basal dressing, during fertilising, Rate of Organic Fertilizer accounts for the 60wt% of fertilizing amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight ratio are 1:1:1.5, is added with the silicate microbial bacterial agent of 1.5wt% in base manure.
December ~ early March resting stage in next year, in conjunction with winter pruning, wipe out sick branch climing, to wipe out on frame withered fruit ear, strike off the upper sick skin of branches and tendrils, always stick up skin, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, shedding, uproot weeds, concentrate and to burn or buried; Trunk, concrete column and ground all spray 5Be lime sulfur; The branches and tendrils of disease skin are struck off by weight the brushing of 1:3 furnishing pastel with lime sulfur residue and lime; After having the diseased plant of root knot thoroughly to strike off disease cancer, coat 50% in affected part immediately and to disappear bacterium spirit soluble powder 50 times of liquid and Tianda-2116 cell membrane stable state agent 52 times of liquid; Have the diseased plant of radicola, often spread manuer in holes 10% pungent mix phosphorus powder granula 17g after water; Various bacterium source and the worm source of surviving the winter can be removed.
2) mid-March ~ the rudiment dew green phase at the beginning of 4 months, impose fertile before bud, at Zhan Yeqian, spray the soil surface below whole tree body and plant with 5Be lime sulfur or 70% polysulfide barium soluble powder, 80 times of liquid; Expand at bud, occur bobbles shape, spray 50% when beginning to show green in time and to disappear the 850 times of liquid sterilizations of bacterium spirit soluble powder; The various damage by disease and insect that branch is in the tree survived the winter can be removed, now prevent and treat white rot, anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, downy mildew, powdery mildew, mite class, coccid etc. especially effective.
3) mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, spray 78% section after average 3 leaves of Zhan Yezhi and win wetting powder 600 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, every 11d spray once; When late April, inflorescence was separated, sprays 10% Pola peace wetting powder, 700 times of liquid, make liquid infiltrate cob when spraying, spray with 50% iprodione wettable, 1000 times of liquid again after 7d.If any pest damage, spray the safe water dispersion granule of 25% Acker 3000 ~ 4000 times of liquid, or spray 10% and eliminate suspending agent 1000 times of liquid.
4) flowering stage mid-May, spray 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid, 40% phonetic mould amine 1000 times of liquid and 10% eliminate 1000 times of liquid, reach and make spray on inflorescence saturating; The orchard that mite class is serious also sprays 20% pyridaben wetting powder, 4000 times of liquid; Use boron fertilizer simultaneously; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc., and insect pest has coccid, fleahopper, aphid, clearwing moth, mite class etc.
5) late May ~ early June Flowers ending and young fruit Fast-growing stage, 80% sprays 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid and 10% generation high 1500 times of liquid when thanking colored; Every 7d, spray 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, or 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 2000 times of liquid, or 50% vinclozolin water dispersible granules, 1000 times of liquid; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.Before fruit bagging, spray 25% Amici and reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid, or with 25% Amici reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid and 2.5% suitable happy time suspension seed-coating agent 1500 times of immersions rinse fruit ear, liquid parches rear rapid bagging; Before fruit bagging, common pesticides and mixing formula have: (1) 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1000 times liquid+25% d ichlorbenzuron suspension missible oil 1500 times of liquid+Tianda-2116s (fruit tree) 1000 times of liquid; (2) 50% bacterium spirit 1000 times of liquid+4% aphid lice speed that disappear are killed 1500 times of liquid+drought and waterlogging and are received 1500 times of liquid; (3) 75% control spirit 500 times of liquid+5% jinggangmeisu aquas, 1000 times of liquid+25% d ichlorbenzuron 2000 times of liquid+5% aphid lice speed of withering kills 2000 times of liquid.To anthracnose control, add spray 50% Prochloraz wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid; To downy mildew control, add spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 1000 times of liquid or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 800 times of liquid; To controlling powdery mildew, add spray 25% and oppose the de-2000 times of liquid of power.
6) mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, often cross 10d sprays 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid, 78% section wins wetting powder 500 times of liquid and 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 times of liquid; The disease of control has anthrachose of grape, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.Fruit-promoting fertilizer can be imposed.
7) early July ~ fruit colouring ~ picking time late August, be used alternatingly 50% Prochloraz wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid; Before non-bagging, be used alternatingly the de-2000 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% enemy's power and spray fruit ear 3 times; Wipe out disease fruit, sick branches and tendrils and sick leaf in time, and concentrate buried or burn; Add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 3 1000 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 4 1000 times of liquid during spray medicine, be used in conjunction 3 times; Damaged by vermin sprays 2.5% cream of decamethrin, 800 times of liquid when occurring.The disease of control has anthracnose, downy mildew, white rot, leaf spot etc., and insect pest has chafer etc.
8) early September ~ mid-October Fruit after the nutrient accumulation phase, alternately spray the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid, or 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid; After Fruit, find downy mildew, then spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, or the easy water conservation dispersive granule of 68.75% Du Pont 1500 times of liquid.Blade and the fruit diseases such as the disease white rot of preventing and treating, gray mold, anthracnose, anthrachose of grape, room rot, powdery mildew and downy mildew, rust, felt disease (mite class).
Liquid sprays in process, fine day connective 15 d; Rainy day, according to rainy situation, sprays mancozeb, tpn, Ke Bo or hundred can obtain protectant before rain, spray immediately mouldly spirit, generation high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy Li Tuonei to inhale treatment bactericide after rain; Meet rain in 12 h after spray medicine, should fill spray once at once; Section is rich waits protectant can continuous administration, can not develop immunity to drugs; But Sukeling, mould can spirit, generation is high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy's power de-etc. in inhale the discontinuous use for the treatment of bactericide more than 2 times.
Comparative example 1: on the basis of embodiment 1, do not add silicate microbial bacterial agent in base manure.
Comparative example 2: by method cultivation disclosed in Chinese patent literature CN1903008A.
The grape product of above embodiment and comparative example's cultivation is kyoto grape.
Compared with the prior art, of the present invention provide pollution-free grape pest control method, lay particular emphasis on anti-, reduce probability of catching an illness, promote grape fruit-setting rate and output, fruit ear is typical and complete, and defect fruit is less than 4%, reaches pollution-free food Table Grape (NY5086-2002) standard-required.Comparative test situation sees the following form:
| Project | The incidence of disease (%) | Defect fruit ratio (%) | Per mu yield (Kg) |
| Embodiment 1 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 1487 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 1503 |
| Embodiment 3 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 1496 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 1357 |
| Comparative example 2 | 5.7 | 8.9 | 1262 |
Add silicate microbial bacterial agent in base manure, effect of increasing production is obvious.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a pollution-free grape pest control method, comprise integrated control and the rich water quality management of damage by disease and insect, it is characterized in that, the integrated control of described damage by disease and insect comprises:
1) December ~ early March resting stage in next year, in conjunction with winter pruning, wipe out sick branch climing, to wipe out on frame withered fruit ear, strike off the upper sick skin of branches and tendrils, always stick up skin, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, shedding, uproot weeds, concentrate and to burn or buried; Trunk, concrete column and ground all spray 3 ~ 5Be lime sulfur; The branches and tendrils of disease skin are struck off by weight the brushing of 1:3 furnishing pastel with lime sulfur residue and lime; After having the diseased plant of root knot thoroughly to strike off disease cancer, coat 50% in affected part immediately and to disappear bacterium spirit soluble powder 40 ~ 60 times of liquid and Tianda-2116 cell membrane stable state agent 40 ~ 60 times of liquid; Have the diseased plant of radicola, often spread manuer in holes 10% pungent mix phosphorus powder granula 15 ~ 20g after water;
2) mid-March ~ at the beginning of 4 months rudiment dew the green phase, at Zhan Yeqian, spray the soil surface below whole tree body and plant with 3 ~ 5Be lime sulfur or 70% polysulfide barium soluble powder, 80 times of liquid; Expand at bud, occur bobbles shape, spray 50% when beginning to show green in time and to disappear 800 ~ 900 times of liquid sterilizations of bacterium spirit soluble powder;
3) mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, spray 78% section after average 3 leaves of Zhan Yezhi and win wetting powder 600 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, every 10 ~ 12d spray once; When late April, inflorescence was separated, sprays 10% Pola peace wetting powder, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid, make liquid infiltrate cob when spraying, spray with 50% iprodione wettable, 1000 times of liquid again after 7d;
4) flowering stage mid-May, spray 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid, 40% phonetic mould amine 1000 times of liquid and 10% eliminate 1000 times of liquid, reach and make spray on inflorescence saturating;
5) late May ~ early June Flowers ending and young fruit Fast-growing stage, 80% sprays 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid and 10% generation high 1500 times of liquid when thanking colored; Every 6 ~ 7d, spray 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid, or 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 2000 times of liquid, or 50% vinclozolin water dispersible granules, 1000 times of liquid;
6) mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, often cross 7 ~ 10d sprays 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid, 78% section wins wetting powder 500 times of liquid and 5% acid amides azoles wetting powder, 600 times of liquid;
7) early July ~ fruit colouring ~ picking time late August, be used alternatingly 50% Prochloraz wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid; Before non-bagging, be used alternatingly the de-2000 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz, 1000 times of liquid or the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% enemy's power and spray fruit ear 2 ~ 3 times; Wipe out disease fruit, sick branches and tendrils and sick leaf in time, and concentrate buried or burn; Add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 3 1000 times of liquid or green fragrant prestige No. 4 1000 times of liquid during spray medicine, be used in conjunction 2 ~ 3 times;
8) early September ~ mid-October Fruit after the nutrient accumulation phase, alternately spray the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1500 times of liquid, or 80% mancozeb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid;
Described rich water quality management specifically comprises:
Select sunny, physical features is open, clear air, irrigation and drainage plot and the sandy soil that the soil is porous, water penetration is good easily, adopts the cultivation of zanjon height furrow formula, to reduce field humidity; Line-spacing is widened, reduces frame face coverage rate, make orchard ground moisture easily through frame diffusion, thus reduce the air humidity of grape setting fruit position;
Late October or early November basal dressing, during fertilising, Rate of Organic Fertilizer accounts for the 50wt% ~ 60wt% of fertilizing amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight ratio are 1:0.5 ~ 1:1 ~ 1.5; Silicate microbial bacterial agent containing 1wt% ~ 2wt% in base manure; Impose the front fertilizer of bud, thank fertilizers for potted flowers, fruit-promoting fertilizer, sprayed RE microbial fertilizer.
2. pollution-free grape pest control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise:
In flowering stage mid-May, the orchard that mite class is serious also sprays 20% pyridaben wetting powder, 3000 ~ 4000 times of liquid;
Late May ~ early June, before fruit bagging, spray 25% Amici and reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid, or with 25% Amici reach suspending agent 1500 times of liquid and 2.5% suitable happy time suspension seed-coating agent 1500 times of immersions rinse fruit ear, liquid parches rear rapid bagging;
Early July ~ early August, damaged by vermin occur time spray 2.5% cream of decamethrin, 800 times of liquid;
Early September ~ mid-October Fruit after, find downy mildew, then spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid, or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid, or the easy water conservation dispersive granule of 68.75% Du Pont 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid.
3. pollution-free grape pest control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: mid-April ~ leaf stretching period ~ young sprout vegetative period the first tenday period of a month in May, if any pest damage, spray the safe water dispersion granule of 25% Acker 3000 ~ 4000 times of liquid, or spray 10% and eliminate suspending agent 1000 times of liquid.
4. pollution-free grape pest control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise: mid-June ~ young fruit expanding stage and stone phase at the beginning of 7 months, avoid morbidity by bagging; To anthracnose control, add spray 50% Prochloraz wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, the high 1500 times of liquid of 50% generation or 25% Tilt EC, 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid; To downy mildew control, add spray 70% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid or 72% gram of dew wetting powder, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid; To controlling powdery mildew, add spray 25% and oppose the de-2000 times of liquid of power.
5. pollution-free grape pest control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fine day connective 7 ~ 15 d; Rainy day, according to rainy situation, sprays mancozeb, tpn, Ke Bo or hundred can obtain protectant before rain, spray immediately mouldly spirit, generation high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy Li Tuonei to inhale treatment bactericide after rain; Meet rain in 12 h after spray medicine, should fill spray once at once; Section is rich waits protectant can continuous administration, can not develop immunity to drugs; But Sukeling, mould can spirit, generation is high, disappear bacterium spirit or enemy's power take off discontinuous use more than 2 times.
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| CN105850608A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-08-17 | 李水金 | Prevention and treatment method for citrus anthracnose disease |
| CN106386371A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Management method for pollution-free grape |
| CN106912330A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-07-04 | 洛阳涤坤农业科技有限公司 | A kind for the treatment of method of grape phylloxera |
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| CN107509593A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2017-12-26 | 灵川县海洋乡欣源食品有限公司 | Kyoho grape planting method |
| CN107637375A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-30 | 灵川县海洋乡欣源食品有限公司 | Planting method of golden field honey grapes |
| CN110810090A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of 'Guipu No. 6' winter grape cultivated in two-harvest mode |
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| CN105850608A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-08-17 | 李水金 | Prevention and treatment method for citrus anthracnose disease |
| CN106386371A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Management method for pollution-free grape |
| CN107135891A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-08 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Nuisanceless red Luo Shaliao grapes method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in |
| CN107278791A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-24 | 得荣县植物检疫站 | A kind of vinifera pest control method |
| CN107509593A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2017-12-26 | 灵川县海洋乡欣源食品有限公司 | Kyoho grape planting method |
| CN107637375A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-30 | 灵川县海洋乡欣源食品有限公司 | Planting method of golden field honey grapes |
| CN110810090A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of 'Guipu No. 6' winter grape cultivated in two-harvest mode |
| CN112586266A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Application-reducing and efficiency-improving method for pesticide applicable to vineyard |
| CN112586266B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-05-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pesticide application-reducing and efficiency-increasing method suitable for vineyard |
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