CN115399182B - Green prevention and control method for black spot of edible rose by combining microorganism means - Google Patents
Green prevention and control method for black spot of edible rose by combining microorganism means Download PDFInfo
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- CN115399182B CN115399182B CN202211024061.2A CN202211024061A CN115399182B CN 115399182 B CN115399182 B CN 115399182B CN 202211024061 A CN202211024061 A CN 202211024061A CN 115399182 B CN115399182 B CN 115399182B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention discloses a green prevention and control method for black spot of edible rose by combining a microorganism means, which comprises the following steps: s1, planting land selection: selecting sandy loam or light loam with rich soil (organic matter not less than 20 g/kg), good loosening and drainage and weak acidity (pH=5.5-6.5), wherein the sunshine hours in the area are not less than 6 hours, the accumulated temperature is 4000-6000 ℃, and ventilation is good; s2, preparation before field planting: and (2) uniformly broadcasting calcium cyanamide (also called lime nitrogen) with the content of more than 55% in the soil selected in the step (1) for deep disinfection, wherein the dosage per mu is 25kg, then, using a rotary cultivator to rotary tillage the soil, uniformly stirring the soil by the rotary cultivator, leveling, watering, keeping the soil humidity at about 70%, then covering a mulching film, ensuring that the covered area is sealed, uncovering the mulching film after 15-20 days, ventilating for 3-5 days, and sprinkling water again in the conditioned area, so that the quality of agricultural products can be improved, the use of pesticides can be reduced, and the ecological environment can be protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rose planting, in particular to a green prevention and control method for black spot of edible roses by combining a microorganism means.
Background
The edible rose is generally called as a part of edible varieties of Rosa rugosa (Rosa rugosa) of Rosa (Rosa l.) of Rosaceae (Rosa l.), rosa chinensis (Rosa sinensis) and Rosa (Rosa sp.) of Rosaceae, and is planted in all regions of China at present due to cold resistance and drought resistance climate adaptability of the edible rose, wherein the cultivation history of Yunnan, shandong and the like is long, the international market is mainly the Rosa rugosa used for extracting essential oil, the China is mainly rose tea, candied fruit and truffle, the Rosa rugosa essential oil is called as liquid gold, the Rosa rugosa essential oil is an important raw material necessary for producing daily chemical products such as high-grade perfume, the fresh flowers of the Rosa rugosa can be processed into semi-finished products of rose jam, and then flour cakes such as rose sweet dumplings, crisp cakes, bean bags and the like are produced, and the Rosa rugosa is popular with consumers as flower heads, fruit fragrance and box ice powder, yoghourt and the like;
the black spot disease is one of main diseases of rose, china rose and rose, the pathogenic bacteria of the black spot disease are mainly rosedisc two spores Marssonina rosae (lib.) Fr., the synonym of the rosea Actinonema rose (lib.) Fr. belongs to the fungi imperfecti, the other diseases are caused by Alternaria, the black spot disease mainly infects plant leaves, petioles and twigs, black brown nearly circular lesions appear on the surfaces of the plant leaves, the edges are radial, black brown small spots are scattered on the later lesions, the tissues around the lesions are yellow, the lesions on the petioles and twigs are similar to the leaves, but no obvious radial edges exist, and the pathogenic bacteria mainly use conidium to overwinter the fallen leaves;
all edible rose varieties are susceptible to black spot, the optimum germination temperature of conidia of pathogenic bacteria is 20-25 ℃, so that the disease high-incidence period is usually at the beginning of 5 months each year, the disease is particularly obvious, if continuous rainfall weather is encountered in the cultivation process, the humidity is high, the growth of the conidia of the fungi is facilitated, a large number of conidia can be generated after rain, the conidia spread rapidly by means of wind and rain germs, and the occurrence of incidence peaks, the black spot germs can also generate ethylene and abscisic acid in the leaf tissues of the diseases, the diseases are led to She Zaola, the whole plant leaves can completely fall off even the plant is dead, the diseases are easy to occur simultaneously with another susceptible disease powdery mildew, and the normal growth of the plant is seriously influenced;
if necessary, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents can be used for preventing and treating diseases, such as antivirus alum (oxazin), difenoconazole, myclobutanil and the like, but the use in the flowering phase is avoided, although the antibiotics can be used for preventing and controlling rapidly and effectively, the resistance of bacteria is easily increased after multiple uses, the effect is poor when the antibiotics are used again, pesticide residues and the like are caused, the problem that the pesticides are improperly applied is solved, the prevention and treatment method is accompanied with the appearance of green organic agricultural products, the traditional timely innovation is abandoned, the environment-friendly green prevention and control method is advocated to be used, the research on a technique for preventing and promoting the growth of the diseases is very necessary, the use of the antibiotics and the like is replaced in production, and therefore, the green prevention and control method for the black spot disease of the edible roses combined with a microorganism means is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing defects, and provides the green prevention and control method for the black spot of the edible rose by combining a microorganism means, which can improve the quality of agricultural products, reduce the use of pesticides, protect the ecological environment and effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a green prevention and control method for black spot of edible rose by combining with microorganism means comprises the following steps:
s1, planting land selection: selecting sandy loam or light loam with rich soil (organic matter not less than 20 g/kg), good loosening and drainage and weak acidity (pH=5.5-6.5), wherein the sunshine hours of the soil are not less than 6 hours, the temperature is suitable for 4000-6000 ℃, and ventilation is good;
s2, preparation before field planting: uniformly broadcasting calcium cyanamide (also called lime nitrogen) with the content of more than 55% in the soil selected in the step 1 for deep disinfection, using 25kg per mu, then rotary tillage the soil by using a rotary cultivator, uniformly stirring the soil by using the rotary cultivator, leveling, watering, keeping the soil humidity at about 70%, covering a mulching film, ensuring that the covered area is sealed, uncovering the mulching film after 15-20 days, ventilating for 3-5 days, and sprinkling water again in the conditioned area;
s3, field planting: digging field planting holes in the soil after the soil is treated, then applying base fertilizer according to plant holes by combining backfill soil, selecting N, P, K (15:15:15) compound fertilizer with the dosage of 100g per plant hole, selecting decomposed organic fertilizer with the dosage of 1.5kg per plant hole, adding 200g of calcium superphosphate, fully and uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer with surface soil, backfilling the soil in the field planting holes, re-covering mulching the soil film after the base fertilizer is filled, removing a container seedling nutrition bag, placing seedlings with soil balls wrapped at the roots in the field planting holes, covering the soil with the weight of 0.02-0.05 m higher than that of the original soil, and watering in time after the field planting;
s4, after field planting: after the plant is planted, emamectin benzoate (0.4% bacillus thuringiensis plus 2% emamectin benzoate) is applied to the plant to prevent and control lepidopteran pests and larvae thereof, the emamectin benzoate is applied when the air temperature is high, the emamectin benzoate is required to be diluted 1000-1500 times during the application, then the front and back sides of the leaf surfaces of the plant are required to be uniformly sprayed, beauveria bassiana or metarhizium anisopliae (200 hundred million CFU/g) are required to be applied to the plant to prevent and control aphids, grubs, scale insects, thrips, locusts and mites, the spraying dilution is 500 times during the application, the front and back sides of the leaf surfaces of the plant are required to be uniformly sprayed, if the underground pests are applied by root irrigation, the dilution is 1000 times during the root irrigation, 6% rotenone is sprayed to the plant to reduce the occurrence base number of the pests, the plant is required to be diluted 500 times during the application, and then the leaf surfaces are uniformly sprayed;
s5, growing period: in the plant growth process, the actual precipitation is combined to timely water, when the rainwater is too much, a deep drain canal is required to drain excessive accumulated water, flooding is avoided, branch thinning and pruning are required to be timely carried out in the growing period, cross branches, overgrown branches and weak branches are cut off, new side branches are promoted to germinate, the branch number is increased, the flower yield is improved, and microbial biocontrol bacteria 'bacillus amyloliquefaciens or bacillus bailii' are applied to prevent and control black spot before the coming of rainy season;
s6, flowering period: in the bud period, firstly, 0.5% matrine solution is diluted 1500 times for spraying, aphid outbreaks are prevented and controlled, the spraying is carried out for 3 times at intervals of 15 days, meanwhile, in the bud period, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to be properly supplemented, the concentration is diluted to 0.2%, and organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces in the morning of sunny days, so that the colonization survival rate of the sprayed biocontrol bacteria is improved;
s7, flower picking: when flowers are ripe, the flowers are manually picked off, plants are pruned after picking, the pruning part is generally the 3 rd compound leaf under the flowers, if the flowers are shorter, only the 2 nd compound leaf under the flowers is pruned, 3 compound leaves are required to be ensured at last for one branch, water is required to be poured once 2-3 days in the rainy days after pruning, and compound fertilizer is required to be applied once respectively 7 months and 10 months after pruning (N: P: K=15:15:15);
s8, dormancy period in winter: the method comprises the steps of adopting a high-efficiency low-toxicity low-cost lime sulphur agent to prevent diseases in winter, removing fallen leaves and branches after fallen leaves in winter, spraying the lime sulphur agent at 3-4 degrees for one time, simultaneously, re-shearing plants in winter, pruning excessive dense branches and crossed branches at the beginning of primordium to 2 months, reserving branches with good growth positions, reserving about 3 main branches, keeping the height of 20-35cm, pruning positions to be proper at the middle part of a seven-lobular growth diameter section of the branches, reserving annual robust new branches, reserving 2-3 leaves on each branch, leaving buds to be outward, ditching beside plant roots after re-shearing, fully and uniformly mixing 200kg of organic fertilizer plus 30kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K=15:15:15) per mu plus 20kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, and hilling the base of branch plants, wherein the thickness is 4-8cm.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 3, single-row field planting is adopted, the field planting hole specification is a round pit with the radius of 0.15m and the depth of 0.2m, the planting distance is 0.9m when the field planted plant variety is purple branches, rich flowers and Damascus, the field planting density is 310-330 plants/mu, and the field planted plant variety is 0.35m when the field planted plant variety is black red, and the field planting density is 1100-1200 plants/mu.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4, any chemical pesticide and bactericide are forbidden within three days before and after the use period of the biological bactericide, and at the same time, if buds appear in the current year of field planting, the buds should be removed in time.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the method for using the bacillus amyloliquefaciens or the bacillus bailii in the step 5 is to culture the effective viable bacteria concentration to 1.33 x 10 firstly 7 cfu/mL, 1.5 times of dilution, namely 1kg is mixed with 30 jin of water, foliar spraying is combined with root irrigation, other microbial preparations can be used, the treatment should be carried out in the absence of rain, if very serious black spot appears in the period, chemical spraying is carried out by 600 times of antivirus alum (8% oxadixyl+56% mancozeb) or 1000 times of (2% myclobutanil+10% triazolone), 1 time is carried out in 15 days, 2-3 times of application are carried out, the treatment is carried out by taking the chemical spraying and the microbial preparation into 7 days of safety period apart, and chemical prevention and treatment cannot be used in the flowering period.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the formula of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the step 6 is that 20g of potassium nitrate, 30g of calcium nitrate, 10g of ammonium nitrate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate and 5g of magnesium sulfate are mixed with 100kg of water for application, and the organic water-soluble fertilizer can be prepared by mixing various trace elements and foliar fertilizers.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, 10 g/plant of the compound fertilizer is applied before 10 am on the day in the step 7, about 9-12 kg/mu of the compound fertilizer is applied, the fertilization points are alternately applied among four points around the plant, the depth is 20cm, the plant type pruning is carried out in combination with fertilization, and the pruning is carried out before fertilization, so that weak branches, blind branches, overgrown branches, cross branches and dry branches are pruned.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has important effects on improving the quality of agricultural products, reducing the use of pesticides and protecting the ecological environment, and is not only suitable for edible roses such as black red, purple branches, plump flowers and other varieties, but also widely suitable for rose and ornamental rose black spot and powdery mildew susceptible varieties; the control method takes the susceptible disease variety 'black red' as a research object, combines scientific pruning and reasonable fertilization aiming at the disease occurrence condition of each waiting period, and is a pollution-free green control method worthy of popularization, wherein the microbial agent and other green agents are matched to replace the use of traditional chemical agents, maintain healthy ecological environment and prevent diseases and promote growth and increase production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plant height investigation for growth status according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the stem thickness investigation of the growth status of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the branch numbers for investigation of growth conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the amount of flowers for investigation of growth status according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present embodiment provides a technical solution: a green prevention and control method for black spot of edible rose by combining with microorganism means comprises the following steps:
s1, planting land selection: selecting sandy loam or light loam with rich soil (organic matter not less than 20 g/kg), good loosening and drainage and weak acidity (pH=5.5-6.5), wherein the sunshine hours of the soil are not less than 6 hours, the temperature is suitable for 4000-6000 ℃, and ventilation is good;
s2, preparation before field planting: uniformly broadcasting calcium cyanamide (also called lime nitrogen) with the content of more than 55% in the soil selected in the step 1 for deep disinfection, using 25kg per mu, then rotary tillage the soil by using a rotary cultivator, uniformly stirring the soil by using the rotary cultivator, leveling, watering, keeping the soil humidity at about 70%, covering a mulching film, ensuring that the covered area is sealed, uncovering the mulching film after 15-20 days, ventilating for 3-5 days, and sprinkling water again in the conditioned area;
s3, field planting: digging a field planting hole in soil after soil treatment is finished, then applying a base fertilizer according to plant holes by combining backfill soil, selecting a round pit with the size of 0.15m radius and 0.2m depth for field planting by adopting a single row field planting method in the field planting process, wherein the size of each hole of a compound fertilizer is 1.5kg, the size of calcium superphosphate is 200g, the surface soil is fully and uniformly mixed, backfilled in the field planting hole, mulching films are covered again after the base fertilizer is filled, then a container seedling nutrition bag is removed, seedlings with soil balls wrapped at the root parts are placed in the field planting hole, the covering soil is 0.02m-0.05m higher than original soil, the field planting is timely carried out, if the field planting plant types are purple branches, plump flowers and damascene, the spacing between planting plants is 0.9m, the field planting density is 310-330 plants per mu is 1100-1200 plants per mu, and the field planting density is 1100-1200 plants per mu;
s4, after field planting: after the plant is planted, emamectin benzoate (0.4% bacillus thuringiensis plus 2% emamectin benzoate) is applied to the plant to prevent and control lepidopteran pests and larvae thereof, the emamectin benzoate is applied when the air temperature is high, the emamectin benzoate is required to be diluted by 1000-1500 times, then the front and back surfaces of leaf surfaces of the plant are required to be uniformly sprayed, beauveria bassiana or metarhizium anisopliae (200 hundred million CFU/g) are required to be applied to the plant to prevent and control aphids, grubs, scale insects, thrips, locusts and mites, the spraying dilution is 500 times when the application is performed, the front and back surfaces of leaf surfaces of the plant are required to be uniformly sprayed, if the underground pests are applied by root irrigation, the underground pests are diluted by 1000 times when the root irrigation is performed, 6% rotenone is sprayed to reduce the occurrence base number of diseases, the plant growth promotion and rejuvenation the plant is required to be diluted by 500 times, then the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces are uniformly sprayed, any chemical pesticide is forbidden in three days before and after the use, and if the bud removal occurs in time when the flower bud removal is performed;
s5, growing period: in the plant growth process, the actual precipitation is combined to timely water, when the rainwater is too much, a deep drain canal is needed to drain excessive water, flooding is avoided, branch thinning, pruning, cross branch pruning, overgrown branch pruning and weak branch pruning are needed in time in the growth period, new branch germination is promoted, branch number is increased, flower yield is improved, microbial biocontrol bacteria are applied to prevent and control black spot disease by 'bacillus amyloliquefaciens or bacillus bailii' before the coming of rainy season, and the using method of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens or bacillus bailii is that the effective viable bacteria concentration is firstly cultivated to 1.33 x 10 7 cfu/mL, 1.5 times of dilution, namely 1kg is mixed with 30 jin of water, foliar spraying is combined with root irrigation, other microbial preparations can be adopted, the treatment should be carried out in the absence of rain, if very serious black spot appears in the period, chemical spraying is carried out by 600 times of antivirus alum (8% oxadixyl+56% mancozeb) or 1000 times of (2% myclobutanil+10% triazolone), 1 time is carried out in 15 days, 2-3 times of application are carried out, the use of the chemical spraying is separated from the use of the microbial preparation by 7 days of safety period, and chemical prevention and treatment cannot be used in the flowering period;
s6, flowering period: in the bud period, firstly, 0.5% matrine solution is used for diluting 1500 times and spraying, aphid outbreaks are prevented and controlled, 15 days are separated, spraying is carried out for 3 times, meanwhile, in the bud period, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to be properly supplemented, the concentration is diluted to 0.2%, organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces in the morning of sunny days, the colonization survival rate of the sprayed biocontrol bacteria is improved, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20g of potassium nitrate, 30g of calcium nitrate, 10g of ammonium nitrate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate, 5g of magnesium sulfate, 100kg of water and mixing various trace elements and leaf surface fertilizer;
s7, flower picking: when flowers are ripe, the flowers are manually picked, plants are pruned after picking, the pruning part is generally the 3 rd double leaf position below the flowers, if the flowers are shorter, only the 2 nd double leaf position below the flowers is pruned, 3 double leaves are required to be ensured at last for one branch, water is required to be watered once in 2-3 days in the sunny days if rainy days after pruning is 7 months-10 months, meanwhile, compound fertilizers (N: P: K=15: 15) are required to be respectively applied once in 7 months and 10 months after pruning, the application amount of the compound fertilizers to be applied is 10 g/plant before 10 am on the sunny days, the fertilization points are alternately applied among four points around the plants, the depth is 20cm, and one plant type pruning is carried out in combination with fertilization, and weak branches, blind branches, bare long branches, cross branches and dry branches are pruned before fertilization;
s8, dormancy period in winter: the method comprises the steps of adopting a high-efficiency low-toxicity low-cost lime sulphur agent to prevent diseases in winter, removing fallen leaves and branches after fallen leaves in winter, spraying the lime sulphur agent at 3-4 ℃ for one time, simultaneously, carrying out heavy shearing on plants in winter, cutting off over-dense branches and cross branches at the beginning of primordium to 2 months, reserving branches with good growth positions, reserving about 3 main branches, keeping the height of 20-35cm, reserving annual robust new branches at the pruning position, reserving 2-3 leaves on each branch, leaving buds to the outside, ditching beside plant roots after heavy shearing, fully mixing and applying 200kg of organic fertilizer plus 30kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K=15:15:15) and 20kg of calcium superphosphate per mu into the ditches, and carrying out hilling on the base of branch plants, wherein the thickness is 4-8cm, and in order to screen chemical agents, explore the effects of biocontrol bacteria and disease prevention, optimizing the application method of the bacteria agents, setting 1 control in total for test: CK control, 5 treatments: treatment 1: kresoxim-methyl 30% + difenoconazole 10% 1500 times liquid; treatment 2: 600 times of antivirus alum (8 percent of oxadixyl plus 56 percent of mancozeb); treatment 3: 5000 times 3g of myclobutanil and 2000 times 7.5g of zineb; treatment 4: bacillus amyloliquefaciens; treatment 5: the CK control group is black red without any treatment, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, 15 cells are added, more than 200 plants are sprayed in each cell, the treatment of chemical agents and microbial agents is carried out for 4-5 times, the chemical agents are applied for 3-4 times, the spraying is carried out for 1 st time (adding organic fertilizer during trimming) from trimming, the treatment is carried out for 1 second time every 7-10 days, the follow-up supplementation of leaf fertilizer (multiple trace element seaweed polypeptide carbon) is carried out, the microbial agents are sprayed for 50-100 times for dilution, each plant is treated for 50-100 mL, other field management measures are carried out according to the schedule of each plant, all the treatments are carried out, the disease condition investigation is carried out after 2 months, the result is that the incidence rate and the index of each black spot disease are carried out after all the treatments are carried out, the growth condition investigation is carried out after 4 months, and the plant height, stem thickness, branch number and flower quantity are mainly investigated.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The green prevention and control method for the black spot of the edible rose by combining the microbial means is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, planting land selection: selecting weak acidic sandy loam or light loam with organic matter not less than 20g/kg, loose soil, good drainage, pH=5.5-6.5, and good ventilation, wherein the sunshine hours of the soil are not less than 6 hours, and the temperature is suitable for 4000-6000 ℃;
s2, preparation before field planting: uniformly broadcasting calcium cyanamide with the content of more than 55% in the soil selected in the step 1 for deep disinfection, using 25kg per mu, then using a rotary cultivator to rotary tillage the soil, uniformly stirring the soil, leveling, watering, keeping the soil humidity at about 70%, then covering a mulching film, ensuring that the covered area is sealed well, uncovering the mulching film after 15-20 days, ventilating for 3-5 days, and sprinkling water again in the conditioned area;
s3, field planting: digging planting holes on the soil after the soil treatment is finished, then applying base fertilizer according to plant holes by combining backfill soil, and selecting N: p: k=15: 15:15, the amount of each plant hole of the compound fertilizer is 100g, the amount of each hole of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 1.5kg, the amount of the superphosphate is 200g, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed with surface soil, the mixture is backfilled into the field planting holes, the mulching film is covered again after the base fertilizer is filled, then the container seedling nutrition bag is removed, the seedling with the root wrapped with the soil ball is placed in the field planting holes, the earthing is 0.02m-0.05m higher than the original soil, and the mixture is watered in time after the field planting;
s4, after field planting: applying emamectin benzoate bacillus to the plants after field planting to prevent and control lepidopteran pests and larvae thereof, applying the emamectin benzoate bacillus to the plants when the air temperature is high, diluting the applied emamectin benzoate bacillus by 1000-1500 times when the air temperature is high, uniformly spraying the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces of the plants, applying 200 hundred million CFU/g of beauveria ovalis, beauveria bassiana or metarhizium anisopliae to the plants, preventing and controlling aphids, grubs, scale insects, thrips, locusts and mites, uniformly spraying the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces of the plants when the air temperature is high, diluting the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces of the plants by 1000 times when the air temperature is high, spraying 6% rotenone to reduce the generation base number of the pests, promoting the growth and rejuvenation the robust plants, diluting the sprayed film surfaces by 500 times when the air temperature is applied, and uniformly spraying the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces;
s5, growing period: in the plant growth process, the actual precipitation is combined for timely watering, a deep drain canal is dug to remove excessive accumulated water when the rainwater is excessive, flooding is avoided, branch thinning and pruning are performed in time in the growth period, cross branches, overgrown branches and weak branches are pruned, new side branches are promoted to germinate, the branch number is increased, the flower yield is improved, and microbial biocontrol bacteria prevention and control black spot disease is applied before the coming of rainy season;
s6, flowering period: in the bud period, firstly, 0.5% matrine solution is diluted 1500 times for spraying, aphid outbreaks are prevented and controlled, the spraying is carried out for 3 times at intervals of 15 days, meanwhile, in the bud period, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to be properly supplemented, the concentration is diluted to 0.2%, and organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces in the morning of sunny days, so that the colonization survival rate of the sprayed biocontrol bacteria is improved;
s7, flower picking: when flowers are ripe, the flowers are manually picked, plants are trimmed after the flowers are picked, the trimming part is the 3 rd compound leaf position below the flowers, if the flowers are shorter, only the 2 nd compound leaf position below the flowers is trimmed, 3 compound leaves are required to be ensured for one branch, if no watering is required in rainy days between 7 months and 10 months after trimming, water is required to be poured once in 2-3 days in sunny days, and meanwhile N is required to be respectively applied once in 7 months and 10 months after trimming: p: k=15: 15:15, a compound fertilizer;
s8, dormancy period in winter: the method comprises the steps of adopting a high-efficiency low-toxicity low-cost lime sulphur agent to prevent diseases in winter, removing fallen leaves and withered branches after fallen leaves in winter each year, spraying the lime sulphur agent at 3-4 degrees for one time, simultaneously, carrying out heavy shearing on plants in winter, pruning excessive dense branches and crossed branches at the beginning of primordial denier to 2 months, reserving branches with good growth positions, reserving about 3 main branches, keeping the height of 20-35cm, pruning positions to be proper at the middle part of a seven-lobule growth diameter section of the branches, reserving annual robust new branches during pruning, reserving 2-3 leaves on each branch, leaving buds to be outward, ditching beside plant roots after heavy shearing, and carrying out 200 kg/mu organic fertilizer and N: p: k=15: 15:15 and 20kg of calcium superphosphate, and applying the mixture into a ditch, and hilling the base of the branch plant to a thickness of 4-8cm.
2. The method for green control of black spot of edible roses in combination with microbiological means according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, single-row field planting is adopted, the field planting hole specification is a round pit with the radius of 0.15m and the depth of 0.2m, the spacing between planting plants is 0.9m when the field planted plant varieties are purple branches, rich flowers and Damascus, the field planting density is 310-330 plants/mu, the spacing between planting plants is 0.35m when the field planted plant varieties are black red, and the field planting density is 1100-1200 plants/mu.
3. The method for green control of black spot of edible roses in combination with microbiological means according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, any chemical insecticide and bactericide are forbidden in three days before and after the use period of the biological bactericide, and at the same time, if buds appear in the current year of field planting, the buds should be removed in time.
4. The method for green control of black spot of edible roses in combination with microbiological means according to claim 1, wherein: the method for using the bacillus amyloliquefaciens or the bacillus bailii in the step 5 comprises the steps of firstly culturing the effective viable bacteria concentration to 1.33 x 10 7 cfu/mL, 1.5 times of dilution, namely 1kg is mixed with 30 jin of water, foliar spraying is combined with root irrigation, other microbial preparations can be used, the treatment should be carried out in the absence of rain, if very serious black spot appears in the period, chemical spraying is carried out by using 8% of oxadixyl and 600 times of 56% of mancozeb, or 1000 times of 2% of myclobutanil and 10% of triadimefon, 1 time in 15 days, 2-3 times of application, the treatment should be carried out with 7-day safety period between the use of the chemical pesticide and the use of the microbial inoculum, and chemical prevention and treatment cannot be used in the flowering period.
5. The method for green control of black spot of edible roses in combination with microbiological means according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the step 6 is that 20g of potassium nitrate, 30g of calcium nitrate, 10g of ammonium nitrate, 15g of monopotassium phosphate and 5g of magnesium sulfate are mixed with 100kg of water for application, and the organic water-soluble fertilizer can be prepared by mixing various trace elements and foliar fertilizers.
6. The method for green control of black spot of edible roses in combination with microbiological means according to claim 1, wherein: and 7, before 10 am on the day, the application amount of the compound fertilizer to be applied is 10 g/plant, 9-12 kg/mu, the application points are alternately applied among four points around the plant, the depth is 20cm, and the plant type pruning is carried out in combination with the fertilization, and the pruning is carried out before the fertilization, so that weak branches, blind branches, overgrown branches, cross branches and dry branches are pruned.
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| KR20120049835A (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-17 | 한국생명공학연구원 | A novel bacillus subtilis strain and use thereof for protecting the rust of plant roots |
| CN104355816A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-18 | 周琪 | Preparation method for special-purpose pesticide fertilizer for controlling black spots of edible roses |
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