CN107509493A

CN107509493A - A kind of vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology

Info

Publication number: CN107509493A
Application number: CN201610430788.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-06-17
Filing date: 2016-06-17
Publication date: 2017-12-26

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology, belongs to technical field of crop cultivation.The specific steps that the technology includes have：Management that addressing is built after canopy, variety selection, nurturing staff, field planting, field planting, harvesting, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention by vinyl house cultivated strawberry technical specification, become more meticulous, be advantageous to improve its yield and increase farmers' income.

Description

A kind of vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology.

Background technology

Strawberry is the common name to rose family strawberry plants, belongs to herbaceos perennial, is there is kind more than 50 known to the whole world, Originate in Europe.The outward appearance of strawberry has special strong fruit aroma in heart, delicious red tender, pulp succulence, sweet and sour taste. Because strawberry excellent in color is all good, and nutritive value is high, containing abundant vitamin C, the effect of helpful digestion, so by people It is described as " fruit queen ".With continually developing for strawberry economic value, cultivated area expands day by day, and planting strawberry has wide Market prospects, it is one of good approach of peasant programme.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the deficiencies for existing vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology, there is provided a kind of Vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology, be advantageous to improve its yield and increase farmers' income.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved using following technical scheme：

A kind of vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology, including following specific steps：

1. canopy is built in addressing：The vinyl house of planting strawberry should build hidding and sunny side, pollution-free, water circuit threeway flat fertile 5 in Without the plot for planting strawberry more than year；Greenhouse orientation can be as far as possible south-north direction according to landform, length 33-42 rice, canopy High 1.8-2.2 rice, span 6-8 rice；Concentrate 1.5 meters of the canopy spacing of greenhouse in flakes, 4 meters of canopy head spacing.Covering material requires choosing With vinyl acetate or polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film.

2. variety selection：Plastic canopy culture strawberry selection rest period is short, resists cold, and low light tolerance, disease resistance is strong, and growing way is prosperous, Pollen is more and perfect, and fruit size is neat, and malformed fruit is few, yield height, the kind of quality better, as the new century, boy's No.1, it is red too Afterwards, golden fruit No. three, all-star, early raw, the huge early, Japan 1,2 of precious friendship, Feng Xiang etc..

3. nurturing staff：Select maternal plant of pure, healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm the detoxic seedling of kind as breeding production seedling. (locality is typically in mid or late April) field planting did not planted strawberry more than 10 years when spring daily mean temperature stabilization is more than 10 DEG C Plot, every mu is applied 5000 kilograms fully decomposed of organic fertilizer, is deep ploughed 30 centimetres, and the flat furrow of wide 1.2-1.5 rice are made after rake is thin On breeding seedbed, cultivate into no disease and pests harm, have more new root, stem slightly more than 1 centimetre, at least 4 leaves deployed, center buds It is full, petiole is short and thick, leaf color is dark green, more than 30 grams of plant fresh weight, underground part root weigh about 1/3 strong sprout for accounting for complete stool.

4. field planting：

（1）Preparation before field planting：The last week site preparation is colonized, every mu is applied high-quality 4000-5000 kilograms of farm manure, and suitably mixes and apply Phosphorus potash fertilizer, 100 kilograms of calcium superphosphate of mu, 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate, 30 centimetres are ploughed deeply, leveling, rake is thin, ridging, and ridge is high 15-20 lis Rice, 60 centimetres of ridge face width, 40 centimetres of ridge spacing, and with 70 centimetres of covering with ground sheeting.

（2）Planting time：The resident time of early spring Plastic canopy culture strawberry determines by seedling and local temperature condition, one As the root of strawberry grown about 20 DEG C of ground temperature best, survival rate is high in the case of temperature herein, and seedling can be formed in bud differentiation It is colonized before bud or after flower_bud formation.Locality is colonized typically at the beginning of late August to September.

（3）Field planting：The selection fine day morning is colonized, and takes duplicate rows to be colonized on ready-made ridge, according to 15-20 lis of spacing in the rows Rice is punched on the face of ridge, when planting seedling by the hunchbacked side of seedling inwards, then unfolds seedling root system, and training fine earth watering, plant is done The heart is not buried to deep cultivation, surface planting not crab rooting.Mu plants seedling 6000-7000 strains or so.

5. the management after field planting：

（1）Detain canopy：Time of the canopy time depending on plan fruit maturation listing is detained, ripe needs 80 days typically from button canopy to berry Left and right.Typically canopy is detained at the beginning of the last ten-days period in January to 2 months in the county.

（2）Temperature and humidity management：After button canopy in 7 days, closed booth thermal insulation, as long as no more than 35 DEG C, do not leak informaton, to promote root System and aerial part mushroom out.After plant rudiment, the ascending temperature adjustment of gradually leaking informaton of the mouth that leaks informaton progressively is opened.Yield positive results Daytime phase is 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, 8 DEG C -12 DEG C of night.Whole growth period will reduce air humidity in canopy as far as possible.Especially opening The day relative humidity control of flower fruiting period is in 50-60%.

（3）Rich water quality management：Watered in time after field planting, it is continuous 2-3 times, ground moistening is often kept afterwards.Freeze-up preceding embedding Freeze water, plant starts to fill a water during hair young leaves after detaining canopy, later according to plant growing way, with reference to topdressing and watering.First time top dressing, When poppyhead sequence shows flower bud；Second of top dressing, when top composite fruit starts to expand；Third time top dressing, top composite fruit harvest early stage；4th time Top dressing, after the composite fruit harvesting of top；Later every top dressing in 15-20 days 1 time.Every time with nitrogen, phosphorus, 20 kilograms of K composite fertilizer.Add simultaneously Strong foliage application, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 times to fructescence after germination.

（4）Plant adjustment：Strawberry field planting mainly includes three contents after surviving to plant management：First, plant is extractd in time The stem of crawling of pumping, accomplish with seeing with except concentration is cleared out of and destroyed outside canopy.Second, except dead leaf, weak bud.Strawberry survives rear blade not Disconnected aging, photosynthesis weaken, and ill leaf produces, therefore the season of growth will constantly remove life on strong yellow leaf, sick leaf and plant Long weak lateral bud, to save nutrition, nutrition is concentrated to provide result.Third, flower and fruit thinning.Remove unnecessary bud before flowering, one As retain 1,2,3 grade of sequence bud, stay 5-6 fruits per inflorescence.

（5）Florescence supple-mentary pollination：Strawberry supple-mentary pollination can take two ways in vinyl house：First, honeybee is put in greenhouse By insect pollination, there is the characteristics of saving artificial and uniform pollination, general every mu of greenhouse puts the case of honeybee two；Second, artificial point Award, with writing brush a little award.

（6）Frost protection and low temperature overcast and rainy day：Running into frosty weather will pour water in time, and in the morning 4-5 points when with water drench frost, Frost is set to dissolve as early as possible, reduction is endured cold the time.If meeting low temperature overcast and rainy day, below 10 DEG C of florescence, below 5 DEG C of fruiting period, should be taken in canopy small Shed covers strawberry with film.

6. harvesting：Harvested after turning cool after dew is dry in the morning or at dusk, the fruit surface coloring of morning harvesting reaches More than 70%, the fruit surface coloring of harvesting in afternoon reaches the harvesting of 50% or so can, nips off fruit with thumb and forefinger during harvesting Handle, the fruit of harvesting require that carpopodium is short, do not damage calyx, have no mechanical damage, no disease pest is endangered, and fruit size classification is put It is put in and is ready in advance in container, packaging listing.

7. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The strawberry of plastic greenhouse cultivation, disease mainly have powdery mildew, gray mold, virosis etc.；Insect pest Mainly there are aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, red spider etc..

（1）Powdery mildew：70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, or bacterium more than 50% can be selected at the initial stage of a disease Clever 1000 times of liquid of wettable powder, or 2% pesticide corrosion 120 aqua, 200 times of liquid, or 1000 times of liquid of Polyoxin (AL) wettable powder, Every mu of 50 grams of use before flowering, was sprayed 1 time to water spray every 7-10 days.

（2）Gray mold：Inflorescence appears to before blooming, from 70% 500-1000 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 50% Sukeling wettable powder, 50% 1000 times of iprodione wettable powder liquid spraying, sprayed 1 time every 7-10 days, even sprayed 2-3 times.Also can every mu of 80-100 grams of Sukeling fumicants of use 20%, point be put at 5-6, light at dusk, the closed night of greenhouse one, 7 It is smoked 1 time, even smoked 2-3 times.

（3）Virosis：First, the virus-free seedling of cultivation, it is to prevent and treat arranging at all for virosis to carry out strict isolation system Apply.Second, strictly quarantining, detection means and technology are improved, isolation test system is introduced a fine variety in implementation.Third, anti-eliminate aphis is anti- The only important measures of viral communication sprawling.Fourth, carrying out crop rotation and the rotation of crops in time, the continuous cropping for many years in same piece of land is avoided as far as possible Strawberry.

（4）Aphid：First, champac plate trapping aphid is hanged up in greenhouse；Fly net is set to hinder at mouth second, leaking informaton in greenhouse Enter every aphid；Third, hang up Silver Grey Mulching Film bar repellent aphid at greenhouse leaks informaton mouthful.

（5）Trialeurodes vaporariorum：Before flowering with 25% Buprofezin missible oil, 1000 times of liquid, or 25% chinomethionat missible oil, 1000 times of liquid, or 2.5% 3000 times of Biphenthrin missible oil liquid, or 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 4000 times of liquid sprinklings have better effects.

（6）Red spider：It is equal with 2000 times of 20% fenpropathrin milk oil, or the liquid such as 3000 times of 2.5% Biphenthrin missible oil before spending Even spraying prevention effect is preferable.

Claims

A kind of 1. vinyl house cultivated strawberry technology, it is characterised in that：Including following specific steps：

(1) canopy is built in addressing:The vinyl house of planting strawberry should build hidding and sunny side, pollution-free, water circuit threeway flat fertile 5 in Without the plot for planting strawberry more than year；Greenhouse orientation can be as far as possible south-north direction according to landform, length 33-42 rice, canopy High 1.8-2.2 rice, span 6-8 rice；Concentrate 1.5 meters of the canopy spacing of greenhouse in flakes, 4 meters of canopy head spacing；Covering material requires choosing With vinyl acetate or polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film；

(2) variety selection:Plastic canopy culture strawberry selection rest period is short, resists cold, low light tolerance, disease resistance is strong, and growing way is prosperous, pollen More and perfect, fruit size is neat, and malformed fruit is few, yield height, the kind of quality better, as the new century, boy's No.1, red empress dowager, Golden fruit No. three, all-star, early raw, the huge early, Japan 1,2 of precious friendship, Feng Xiang etc.；

(3) nurturing staff:Select maternal plant of pure, healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm the detoxic seedling of kind as breeding production seedling；Spring The ground of strawberry was not planted in (local typically in mid or late April) field planting more than 10 years when daily mean temperature stabilization is more than 10 DEG C Block, every mu is applied fully decomposed 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, is deep ploughed 30 centimetres, and the flat furrow that wide 1.2-1.5 rice is made after rake is thin are educated On kind of seedbed, cultivate into no disease and pests harm, have more new root, stem slightly more than 1 centimetre, at least 4 leaves deployed, center buds satisfy Completely, petiole is short and thick, leaf color is dark green, more than 30 grams of plant fresh weight, underground part root weigh about 1/3 strong sprout for accounting for complete stool；

(4) it is colonized:

Preparation before field planting：The last week site preparation is colonized, every mu is applied high-quality 4000-5000 kilograms of farm manure, and suitably mixes and apply phosphorus potassium Fertilizer, 100 kilograms of calcium superphosphate of mu, 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate, 30 centimetres are ploughed deeply, leveling, rake is thin, and ridging, ridge is high 15-20 centimetres, 60 centimetres of ridge face width, 40 centimetres of ridge spacing, and with 70 centimetres of covering with ground sheeting；

Planting time：The resident time of early spring Plastic canopy culture strawberry determines by seedling and local temperature condition, general strawberry Root grown about 20 DEG C of ground temperature best, survival rate is high in the case of temperature herein, and seedling can be before bud differentiation forms bud Or it is colonized after flower_bud formation；Locality is colonized typically at the beginning of late August to September；

Field planting：The selection fine day morning is colonized, and takes duplicate rows to be colonized on ready-made ridge, according to 15-20 centimetres of spacing in the rows on ridge Punched on face, when planting seedling by the hunchbacked side of seedling inwards, then unfold seedling root system, deep cultivation is accomplished in training fine earth watering, plant Do not bury the heart, surface planting not crab rooting；Mu plants seedling 6000-7000 strains or so；

(5) management after being colonized

Detain canopy：Detain time of the canopy time depending on plan fruit maturation listing, 80 days left sides of ripe needs typically from button canopy to berry It is right；Typically canopy is detained at the beginning of the last ten-days period in January to 2 months in the county；

Temperature and humidity management：After button canopy in 7 days, closed booth thermal insulation, as long as no more than 35 DEG C, do not leak informaton, to promote root system and ground Upper part mushrooms out；After plant rudiment, the ascending temperature adjustment of gradually leaking informaton of the mouth that leaks informaton progressively is opened；Yield positive results daytime phase For 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, 8 DEG C -12 DEG C of night；Whole growth period will reduce air humidity in canopy as far as possible；Especially yielding positive results Phase day relative humidity is controlled in 50-60%；

Rich water quality management：Watered in time after field planting, it is continuous 2-3 times, ground moistening is often kept afterwards；Water, button are frozen in freeze-up preceding embedding A water is filled when plant starts to send out young leaves after canopy, later according to plant growing way, with reference to topdressing and watering；First time top dressing, poppyhead sequence During aobvious flower bud；Second of top dressing, when top composite fruit starts to expand；Third time top dressing, top composite fruit harvest early stage；4th top dressing, After pushing up composite fruit harvesting；Later every top dressing in 15-20 days 1 time；Every time with nitrogen, phosphorus, 20 kilograms of K composite fertilizer；Strengthen leaf simultaneously Face spray fertilizer, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 times to fructescence after germination；

Plant adjustment：Strawberry field planting mainly includes three contents after surviving to plant management：First, plant pumping is extractd in time Crawl stem, accomplish with seeing with except concentration is cleared out of and destroyed outside canopy；Second, except dead leaf, weak bud；It is constantly old that strawberry survives rear blade Change, photosynthesis weaken, and ill leaf produce, therefore the season of growth constantly to remove grown on strong yellow leaf, sick leaf and plant it is weak Lateral bud, to save nutrition, concentrate nutrition to provide result；Third, flower and fruit thinning；Unnecessary bud is removed before flowering, it is general to protect Stay down 1,2,3 sequence buds, 5-6 fruits are stayed per inflorescence；

Florescence supple-mentary pollination：Strawberry supple-mentary pollination can take two ways in vinyl house：First, honeybee is put in greenhouse by insect Pollination, has the characteristics of saving artificial and uniform pollination, and general every mu of greenhouse puts the case of honeybee two；Second, artificial point is awarded, with hair Pen a little award；

Frost protection and low temperature overcast and rainy day：Running into frosty weather will pour water in time, and in the morning 4-5 points when with water drench frost, make frost as early as possible Dissolve, reduction is endured cold the time；If meeting low temperature overcast and rainy day, below 10 DEG C of florescence, below 5 DEG C of fruiting period, Small plastic shed or use should be taken in canopy Film covers strawberry；

(6) harvest:Harvested after turning cool after dew is dry in the morning or at dusk, the fruit surface coloring of morning harvesting reaches 70% More than, the fruit surface coloring of harvesting in afternoon reaches the harvesting of 50% or so can, nips off carpopodium with thumb and forefinger during harvesting, The fruit of harvesting requires that carpopodium is short, does not damage calyx, has no mechanical damage, no disease pest harm, and fruit size classification is put It is ready in advance in container, packaging listing；

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The strawberry of plastic greenhouse cultivation, disease mainly have powdery mildew, gray mold, virosis etc.；Insect pest master There are aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, red spider etc.；

Powdery mildew：1000 times of liquid of optional 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at the initial stage of a disease, or 50% carbendazim are wettable Property 1000 times of liquid of pulvis, or 2% pesticide corrosion 120 aqua, 200 times of liquid, or 1000 times of liquid of Polyoxin (AL) wettable powder, every mu of use 50 grams, to water spray, before flowering, sprayed 1 time every 7-10 days；

Gray mold：Inflorescence appears to before blooming, from 70% 500-1000 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 50% speed Kairine wettable powder, 50% 1000 times of iprodione wettable powder liquid spraying, sprayed 1 time every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times； Also can every mu of 80-100 grams of Sukeling fumicants of use 20%, point be put into 5-6 at, light at dusk, the closed night of greenhouse one, smoke 1 within 7 days It is secondary, it is even smoked 2-3 times；

Virosis：First, the virus-free seedling of cultivation, it is to prevent and treat the essential measure of virosis to carry out strict isolation system；It is second, tight Lattice are quarantined, and improve detection means and technology, and isolation test system is introduced a fine variety in implementation；Third, anti-eliminate aphis is to prevent viral communication The important measures of sprawling；Fourth, carry out crop rotation and the rotation of crops in time, continuous cropping strawberry for many years is avoided in same piece of land as far as possible；

Aphid：First, champac plate trapping aphid is hanged up in greenhouse；Fly net is set to obstruct aphid at mouth second, leaking informaton in greenhouse Into；Third, hang up Silver Grey Mulching Film bar repellent aphid at greenhouse leaks informaton mouthful；

Trialeurodes vaporariorum：Before flowering with 25% Buprofezin missible oil, 1000 times of liquid, or 25% chinomethionat missible oil, 1000 times of liquid, or 2.5% 3000 times of liquid of benzene chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate, or 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 4000 times of liquid sprinklings have better effects；

Red spider：Prevented before spending with 2000 times of 20% fenpropathrin milk oil, or the liquid even spraying such as 3000 times of 2.5% Biphenthrin missible oil It is preferable to control effect.