CN113455364B - Modularized cultivation method and device for high-quality strawberry planting bags in greenhouse in summer - Google Patents
Modularized cultivation method and device for high-quality strawberry planting bags in greenhouse in summer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113455364B CN113455364B CN202110818593.2A CN202110818593A CN113455364B CN 113455364 B CN113455364 B CN 113455364B CN 202110818593 A CN202110818593 A CN 202110818593A CN 113455364 B CN113455364 B CN 113455364B
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- PZZHMLOHNYWKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N eddha Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C(=O)O)NCCNC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O PZZHMLOHNYWKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HZJKXKUJVSEEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(CCCC)(C#N)CN1C=NC=N1 HZJKXKUJVSEEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005742 Bupirimate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000005657 Fenpyroximate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005811 Myclobutanil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229930182764 Polyoxin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GOENIMGKWNZVDA-OAMCMWGQSA-N Spinetoram Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@H](OCC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1OC1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C4C(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@H](C)[C@H](CC5)N(C)C)CCC[C@H](CC)OC(=O)CC4[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]2C1 GOENIMGKWNZVDA-OAMCMWGQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- DSKJPMWIHSOYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupirimate Chemical compound CCCCC1=C(C)N=C(NCC)N=C1OS(=O)(=O)N(C)C DSKJPMWIHSOYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YEBIHIICWDDQOL-YBHNRIQQSA-N polyoxin Polymers O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(C=O)N)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 YEBIHIICWDDQOL-YBHNRIQQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a modularized cultivation method and a modularized cultivation device for high-quality strawberry cultivation bags in a greenhouse in summer, which are characterized in that a greenhouse facility for carrying out heat preservation in winter and shading in summer to form short-day ecology for less than 10 hours and cooling by arranging a special ventilating window ventilating door is constructed, a mixed organic matrix cultivation bag is adopted and is combined with different cultivation bag bearing structures to carry out ground, overhead and three-dimensional frame cultivation, the cost of the overhead and three-dimensional frame cultivation is low, the installation is simple and is not limited by topography, special fertilization equipment is not needed, the management cost of the overhead and the three-dimensional frame cultivation of strawberries is reduced, the continuous cropping obstacle of soil is overcome, the yield is improved by more than 30 percent compared with that of the conventional overhead matrix cultivation, the production cost is saved by more than 40 percent compared with that of the conventional overhead matrix cultivation, the pure income of more than 4 ten thousand yuan per 667m 2 years is realized, and the cultivation method is more beneficial to popularization in agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, in particular to a modularized cultivation method for high-quality strawberry planting bags in a greenhouse in summer.
Background
The strawberries are season fruits which are rich in nutrition and popular among masses, and the strawberries are planted in winter, so that the market of fresh fruits in winter and spring is enriched, the economic benefits of farmers are improved, and the development of leisure agriculture and urban picking agriculture is promoted. At present, the strawberry cultivation method mainly comprises open field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. The planting mode comprises soil cultivation, semi-matrix cultivation and matrix cultivation, the matrix cultivation can overcome soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles due to high yield, the safety and high efficiency of strawberry production are realized, mature technologies and modes are developed all over the country, in the matrix cultivation, the main selected matrixes comprise peat, coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite and the like, fertilizer equipment mainly adopts a fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer is a nutrient solution prepared from large, medium and trace elements and a special formula for the strawberries.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the background that the high-quality strawberry fruit is mature and formed at the low temperature of 5-12 ℃ and the current production is needed, and the high-altitude 3300 m or more area is selected for producing the high-quality strawberry in summer, the invention provides a modularized cultivation method and a modularized cultivation device for high-quality strawberry planting bags in a greenhouse in summer.
According to one object of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
A modular cultivation method for high-quality strawberry planting bags in a greenhouse in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a strawberry planting bag module and constructing a vertical frame
S1.1 preparation of Mixed organic matrix
The mixed organic matrix is prepared from fir humus soil, coconut husk, perlite=1: 1:1, mixing;
when the matrixes are mixed, 5kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of (N17: P17: K17) compound fertilizer and 0.2kgEDDHA kg of organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed into each cubic matrix;
S1.2 planting bag module manufacturing
Cutting a cylindrical film with the diameter of 20-22cm and the thickness of 0.03-0.05 silver black and white black into a cylinder with the length of 80cm, 100cm or 120cm, and filling the cylinder into the mixed organic matrix to seal the port to form a strawberry planting bag module;
S1.3 construction of the Stand
The steel pipe, bamboo or hollow brick is put up into a supporting frame, asbestos tiles or planting bags with the width of 40cm are paved on the supporting frame, the planting bags are supported by a panel, water is drained between the asbestos tiles and the planting bags through grooves, and a mulching film groove is paved for supporting redundant fertilizer water;
the brackets are arranged in a single row, a double row or three rows according to the topography, and the three rows are staggered into a finished product shape, and the row spacing is 60-70cm;
s2, laying a dropper and field planting
Selecting a dropper with the pipe diameter of 1.6mm, the interval between the dropping holes of 10cm, the diameter of the dropping holes of 0.2mm and the water dropping flow rate of 1.5-2.0L.h -1, penetrating the dropper into a planting bag, connecting the dropper onto a main pipe, soaking a substrate by using the dropper for watering before field planting, punching holes below the planting bag, discharging excessive water, and waiting for planting;
When in planting, according to the requirements of 10, 12 or 14 bags of the planting bag specification, uniformly planting into double rows, planting beside a dropper, and fully watering root fixing water after planting;
S3, field management after seedling establishment
S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management
When 2 leaves are spread from the seedlings after the seedling is recovered, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, eddha=1: 2:2:0.1:0.05, dripping strawberry planting bags at intervals of 3-5 days at concentration of 0.1-0.2% according to the amount of 0.6-0.8 kg/667 m 2 per day, and promoting root and leaf growth;
In flowering and fruiting period, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, eddha=1: 2:1:0.2:0.1, mixing the materials according to the amount of 0.9-1.1kg/667m 2 per day, dripping strawberry planting bags at intervals of 2-3 days at concentration of 0.2-0.3%, wherein the intervals can be longer when the temperature is low in winter and spring, and the amount can be reduced as appropriate;
spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surfaces in flowering and fruiting period to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, supplementing calcium, magnesium and microelements to promote nutrient balance, selecting water-soluble fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer of medium and microelements, dripping with water or spraying on leaf surfaces every 10-15 days, supplementing amino acid and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to increase crop resistance and fruit quality;
in the growth process of the strawberries, water is timely supplied according to different stages of strawberry growth, the water in the planting bags in the seedling stage after seedling recovery is kept at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, the strawberries are properly dried to promote rooting, the water required in the flowering stage is relatively large, the water is kept at 80%, and the water can be properly controlled 2-3 days before fruit harvesting, so that the fruit quality is improved;
S3.2 controlling the proper temperature
The temperature of the strawberries suitable for growth is 15-20 ℃ in daytime and 5-12 ℃ at night, the temperature of 5-12 ℃ at night is kept to be favorable for forming high-quality fruits, strawberry plants have certain cold resistance, when the temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 5 ℃ by covering a heat preservation quilt in order to promote the growth of the strawberries;
S3.3 picking leaves and thinning fruits
Timely removing old leaves and redundant stolons at the lower part of the plant during the growth period so as to improve illumination and ventilation conditions and reduce the harm of diseases and insects; the weak, small, malformed and high-grade flowers and fruits in inflorescences are removed, 5-8 fruits can be selected and reserved in each inflorescence, the quality of the fruits can be improved, and the uniformity of the fruits can be improved;
S4, pest control
The method mainly prevents and treats powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose and other diseases of strawberries and red spider, aphid and thrips, the strawberries are fresh fruits, comprehensive anti-caking measures are adopted for preventing and treating the diseases and the insects, light, temperature, water, fertilizer and air management are enhanced, an environment suitable for the growth of the strawberries is created, the disease resistance of the strawberries is improved, and physical, biological and chemical prevention measures are utilized to ensure the safety and the health of the strawberries.
Further, in S2, two rows of strawberries can be planted by an 80cm long planting bag module, each row is 5, and each planting bag module is planted for 10 plants; two rows of 6 planting bags with the length of 100cm are planted in a planting bag module, and 12 planting bags are planted in each row; 7 plants are planted in each row with the length of 120cm, and 14 plants are planted in each planting bag module.
Further, in the water and fertilizer management process of the planting bag S3.1, water is dripped once every day in sunny days and once in rainy days for 2 to 3 days according to weather conditions, and the dripping is carried out each time until water exudes.
Further, in S4, disease-resistant varieties are selected for preventing powdery mildew, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, plant weakness or overgrowth is prevented, ventilation is noted, and excessive humidity and abnormal dryness in a greenhouse are avoided; the strawberry seedling stage is prevented in advance, mancozeb is selected for spraying, and 50% of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules, 25% of bupirimate wettable powder and 40% of myclobutanil wettable powder can be alternately used during the disease;
the gray mold control should prevent excessive humidity in the shed, avoid excessive application of high nitrogen fertilizer, control excessive density and excessive growth of plants, and keep good ventilation in the shed; the medicament can be used for preventing and controlling 10 percent of polyoxin wettable powder and 50 percent of procymidone wettable powder, and is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; in rainy days, 10% of procymidone smoke benefiting agent or 45% of chlorothalonil smoke cleaning agent is selected for airtight smoking;
The wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil is sprayed at the initial stage of preventing and treating anthracnose, and the wettable powder is sprayed for 3 to 5 times continuously or is sprayed comprehensively by 0.4% Boerdosol suspension to prevent disease spread;
The red spider is prevented and treated by timely watering, removing diseased leaves and dead leaves, reducing the transmission of insect sources, and the medicament is alternately sprayed with 5% fenpyroximate suspending agent and 25% diafenthiuron suspending agent once every 7 days;
The aphids are prevented and treated, old leaves are removed in time, weeds are eliminated, and yellow plates are arranged for trapping and killing; the pesticide can be used for preventing and controlling 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule and 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granule;
The control of thrips is to remove old leaves in time, eliminate weeds and trap and kill blue plates; the pesticide can be used for preventing and controlling water dispersible granules of 70% imidacloprid or 70% acetamiprid and 6% spinetoram.
According to another object of the invention, the invention provides a high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation device for a summer greenhouse, which comprises a strawberry planting greenhouse, wherein the strawberry planting greenhouse comprises a plurality of arched greenhouse frameworks, greenhouse plastic films are covered above the arched greenhouse frameworks, heat preservation layers are covered in cold weather seasons, ventilation windows are arranged at the top of the strawberry planting greenhouse and on two side surfaces close to the ground along the length direction of the strawberry planting greenhouse, and darkroom ventilation doors are arranged at two ends of the strawberry planting greenhouse.
Further, the strawberry planting greenhouse is an ecological greenhouse which has a large span, symmetrical arches, large ventilation windows and can shade light in summer to form a dark night environment in the greenhouse.
Further, the arched greenhouse framework is a symmetrical truss arch bar.
Further, the ventilation window includes a top ventilation window and a side ventilation window.
Further, the heat preservation is the heat preservation quilt, the strawberry planting big-arch shelter is equipped with and is used for the rolling plastic film and the electronic hoist engine of heat preservation quilt, the ventilation window is electronic window.
Further, the darkroom ventilation door comprises at least two pedestrian channels which are arranged in a staggered mode, and a partition wall is arranged between the pedestrian channels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention relates to a modularized cultivation method and a modularized cultivation device for high-quality strawberry cultivation bags in a greenhouse in summer, which adopt mixed organic matrix cultivation bags to be combined with different planting bag bearing structures for ground, overhead and stereoscopic frame cultivation, have low cost of the vertical frame, are simple to install, are not limited by terrain, do not need special fertilization equipment, reduce the management cost of the vertical frame and water and fertilizer, realize the overhead and vertical frame cultivation of strawberries, overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of soil, improve the yield by more than 30 percent compared with the conventional soil cultivation, save the production cost by more than 40 percent compared with the overhead matrix cultivation, realize the pure income by more than 4 ten thousand yuan per 667m 2 years, and are more beneficial to popularization in agricultural production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a strawberry cultivation greenhouse of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic structural view of the strawberry cultivation greenhouse of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the darkroom ventilation door of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another schematic structural view of the strawberry cultivation greenhouse of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-strawberry planting greenhouse, 2-arched greenhouse framework, 3-plastic film, 4-top ventilation window, 5-side ventilation window, 6-darkroom ventilation door, 7-pedestrian passageway, 8-partition wall, 9-electric hoist, 10-push rod type window opener and 11-heat preservation quilt.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A modular cultivation method for high-quality strawberry planting bags in a greenhouse in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a strawberry planting bag module and constructing a vertical frame
S1.1 preparation of Mixed organic matrix
The mixed organic matrix is composed of fir humus soil: coconut husk: perlite = 1:1:1, mixing;
when the matrixes are mixed, 5kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of (N17: P17: K17) compound fertilizer and 0.2kgEDDHA kg of organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed into each cubic matrix;
S1.2 planting bag module manufacturing
Cutting a cylindrical film with the diameter of 20-22cm and the thickness of 0.03-0.05 silver black and white black into a cylinder with the length of 80cm, 100cm or 120cm, and filling the cylinder into the mixed organic matrix to seal the port to form a strawberry planting bag module;
S1.3 construction of the Stand
The method comprises the steps of building a supporting frame by using steel pipes, bamboo or hollow bricks, paving asbestos tiles or planting bags with the width of 40cm on the supporting frame, bearing the planting bags, draining water between the asbestos tiles and the planting bags by using grooves, and paving mulching film grooves to bear excessive fertilizer water;
the brackets are arranged in a single row, a double row or three rows according to the topography, and the three rows are staggered into a finished product shape, and the row spacing is 60-70cm;
s2, laying a dropper and field planting
Selecting a dropper with the pipe diameter of 1.6mm, the interval between the dropping holes of 10cm, the diameter of the dropping holes of 0.2mm and the water dropping flow rate of 1.5-2.0L.h < -1 > to penetrate into a planting bag, connecting the dropper to a main pipe, soaking a substrate by using the dropper for watering before field planting, punching holes below the planting bag to discharge redundant water, and waiting for planting;
When in planting, according to the requirements of 10, 12 or 14 bags of the planting bag specification, uniformly planting into double rows, planting beside a dropper, and fully watering root fixing water after planting; two rows of strawberries can be planted by an 80cm long planting bag module, each row is 5, and each planting bag module is planted for 10 plants; two rows of 6 planting bags with the length of 100cm are planted in a planting bag module, and 12 planting bags are planted in each row; 7 plants are planted in each row with the length of 120cm, and 14 plants are planted in each planting bag module.
S3, field management after seedling establishment
S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management
When 2 leaves are spread from the seedlings after the seedling is recovered, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, eddha=1: 2:2:0.1:0.05, dripping strawberry planting bags into the bags at intervals of 3-5 days at a concentration of 0.1-0.2% according to the amount of 0.6-0.8 kg/667 m2 per day, and promoting root and leaf growth;
In flowering and fruiting period, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, eddha=1: 2:1:0.2:0.1, mixing the materials according to the amount of 0.9-1.1kg/667m 2 per day, dripping strawberry planting bags at intervals of 2-3 days at concentration of 0.2-0.3%, wherein the intervals can be longer when the temperature is low in winter and spring, and the amount can be reduced as appropriate;
spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surfaces in flowering and fruiting period to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, supplementing calcium, magnesium and microelements to promote nutrient balance, selecting water-soluble fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer of medium and microelements, dripping with water or spraying on leaf surfaces every 10-15 days, supplementing amino acid and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to increase crop resistance and fruit quality;
in the growth process of the strawberries, water is timely supplied according to different stages of strawberry growth, the water in the planting bags in the seedling stage after seedling recovery is kept at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, the strawberries are properly dried to promote rooting, the water required in the flowering stage is relatively large, the water is kept at 80%, and the water can be properly controlled 2-3 days before fruit harvesting, so that the fruit quality is improved;
in the water and fertilizer management process of the planting bag, water is dripped once every day in sunny days and once in overcast and rainy days for 2 to 3 days according to weather conditions until water seeps out each time.
S3.2 controlling the proper temperature
The temperature of the strawberries suitable for growth is 15-20 ℃ in daytime and 5-12 ℃ at night, the temperature of 5-12 ℃ at night is kept to be favorable for forming high-quality fruits, strawberry plants have certain cold resistance, when the temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃, in order to promote the growth of the strawberries, a heat preservation quilt is covered on a greenhouse to maintain the temperature of more than 5 ℃ in the greenhouse, the temperature of 15-20 ℃ in the greenhouse is kept in daytime during management of the growth temperature of the strawberries, and the temperature of 5-12 ℃ at night is kept, if the temperature in the greenhouse reaches more than 25 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out;
S3.3 picking leaves and thinning fruits
Timely removing old leaves and redundant stolons at the lower part of the plant during the growth period so as to improve illumination and ventilation conditions and reduce the harm of diseases and insects; the weak, small, malformed and high-grade flowers and fruits in inflorescences are removed, 5-8 fruits can be selected and reserved in each inflorescence, the quality of the fruits can be improved, and the uniformity of the fruits can be improved;
S4, pest control
The method mainly prevents and treats powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose and other diseases of strawberries and red spider, aphid and thrips, the strawberries are fresh fruits, comprehensive anti-caking measures are adopted for preventing and treating the diseases and the insects, light, temperature, water, fertilizer and air management are enhanced, an environment suitable for the growth of the strawberries is created, the disease resistance of the strawberries is improved, and physical, biological and chemical prevention measures are utilized to ensure the safety and the health of the strawberries.
The powdery mildew is prevented and treated by selecting a disease-resistant variety, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, plant weakness or overgrowth is prevented, ventilation is noted, and excessive humidity and abnormal dryness in a greenhouse are avoided; the strawberry seedling stage is prevented in advance, mancozeb is selected for spraying, and 50% of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules, 25% of bupirimate wettable powder and 40% of myclobutanil wettable powder can be alternately used during the disease;
the gray mold control should prevent excessive humidity in the shed, avoid excessive application of high nitrogen fertilizer, control excessive density and excessive growth of plants, and keep good ventilation in the shed; the medicament can be used for preventing and controlling 10 percent of polyoxin wettable powder and 50 percent of procymidone wettable powder, and is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; in rainy days, 10% of procymidone smoke benefiting agent or 45% of chlorothalonil smoke cleaning agent is selected for airtight smoking;
The wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil is sprayed at the initial stage of preventing and treating anthracnose, and the wettable powder is sprayed for 3 to 5 times continuously or is sprayed comprehensively by 0.4% Boerdosol suspension to prevent disease spread;
The red spider is prevented and treated by timely watering, removing diseased leaves and dead leaves, reducing the transmission of insect sources, and the medicament is alternately sprayed with 5% fenpyroximate suspending agent and 25% diafenthiuron suspending agent once every 7 days;
The aphids are prevented and treated, old leaves are removed in time, weeds are eliminated, and yellow plates are arranged for trapping and killing; the pesticide can be used for preventing and controlling 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule and 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granule;
The control of thrips is to remove old leaves in time, eliminate weeds and trap and kill blue plates; the pesticide can be used for preventing and controlling water dispersible granules of 70% imidacloprid or 70% acetamiprid and 6% spinetoram.
Example 2
The technology for producing the high-quality strawberries in Shanglira industrialization is characterized in that the selection of the large-span, symmetrical arch, large ventilation and shading ecological shed configuration of the low-temperature cooling of the summer of the sea-going 3300 and the combination of greenhouse facilities is the key of the production of the high-quality strawberries in summer.
As shown in fig. 1,2, 3 and4, the invention provides a high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation device for a summer greenhouse, which comprises a strawberry planting greenhouse 1, wherein the strawberry planting greenhouse 1 comprises a plurality of arched greenhouse frameworks 2, and a plastic film 3 and a heat preservation quilt 11 are covered above the arched greenhouse frameworks 2.
The strawberry planting greenhouse is a large-span, symmetrical arch, large-ventilation and shading ecological greenhouse. The arch greenhouse framework is a symmetrical truss arch bar. The strawberry shed framework adopts a large span of more than 12 meters, and the arch is a symmetrical truss arch bar. The heat preservation is the heat preservation quilt, and the canopy covers and adopts 0.12mm thick plastic film and heat preservation quilt to cover, and when covering plastic film, the canopy top sets up the whole ventilation window of 1.2 meters wide that is equal with canopy length, sets up the lateral part ventilation window of 0.8 meters near ground both sides, covers the heat preservation quilt on the plastic film. The shed roof is provided with an electric hoist 9 for winding the heat preservation quilt 11, and an electric opening device of the heat preservation quilt is adopted. The shed roof is equipped with the ventilation window that sets up along strawberry cultivation big-arch shelter length direction, and the ventilation window includes top ventilation window 4 and lateral part ventilation window 5, and top ventilation window 4 and lateral part ventilation window 5 are electronic window, can electronic opening ventilation window device. The motorized window treatment may employ a push-rod window treatment 10 for opening and closing the top and side louvers 4, 5.
The two ends of the greenhouse are covered by heat preservation covers in winter, and the two ends of the greenhouse are provided with darkroom ventilation doors 6 in summer, so that ventilation and cooling in the greenhouse are enhanced, and sunlight outside the greenhouse cannot illuminate the interior of the greenhouse. The darkroom ventilation door 6 comprises at least two pedestrian passages 7 which are arranged in a staggered manner, and a partition wall 8 is arranged between the pedestrian passages 7. When the greenhouse is covered with the heat preservation quilt or the black shading film to form the short-day ecology in the greenhouse, the ventilation doors of the darkrooms at the two ends of the greenhouse are kept open, and the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced.
The warmth retention shed is adopted to overcome the low-temperature frozen soil in winter; the organic matrix planting bag module improves the yield and commodity fruit rate; shading in a greenhouse in summer to form a short-day ecology, and continuously flowering and fruiting; in summer, the ventilation of the greenhouse reduces the temperature in the greenhouse to create high-quality strawberry growth temperature conditions. By constructing the key technical elements for strawberry planting, the technical scheme of high-quality strawberry industrialized production in summer is formed, the strawberry harvesting period can be longer than 12 months, the yield is more than 6000kg, and the mu yield value is 10-15 ten thousand yuan.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A modular cultivation method for high-quality strawberry planting bags in a greenhouse in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a strawberry planting bag module and constructing a vertical frame
S1.1 preparation of Mixed organic matrix
The mixed organic matrix is prepared from fir humus soil, coconut husk, perlite=1: 1:1, mixing;
When the matrixes are mixed, 5kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of (N17: P17: K17) compound fertilizer and 0.2kgEDDHA kg of organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed into each cubic matrix;
S1.2 planting bag module manufacturing
Cutting a cylindrical film with the diameter of 20-22cm and the thickness of 0.03-0.05 silver black and white black into a cylinder with the length of 80cm, 100cm or 120cm, and filling the cylinder into the mixed organic matrix to seal the port to form a strawberry planting bag module;
S1.3 construction of the Stand
The steel pipe, bamboo or hollow brick is put up into a supporting frame, asbestos tiles or planting bags with the width of 40cm are paved on the supporting frame, the planting bags are supported by a panel, water is drained between the asbestos tiles and the planting bags through grooves, and a mulching film groove is paved for supporting redundant fertilizer water;
the brackets are arranged in a single row, a double row or three rows according to the topography, and the three rows are staggered into a finished product shape, and the row spacing is 60-70cm;
s2, laying a dropper and field planting
Selecting a dropper with the pipe diameter of 1.6 mm, the pitch of the dropping holes of 10 cm and the diameter of the dropping holes of 0.2 mm, the water dropping flow rate of 1.5-2.0L.h -1 to penetrate into a planting bag, connecting the dropper to a main pipe, soaking a substrate by using the dropper for watering before field planting, punching holes below the planting bag to discharge redundant water, and waiting for planting;
When in planting, according to the requirements of 10, 12 or 14 bags of the planting bag specification, uniformly planting into double rows, planting beside a dropper, and fully watering root fixing water after planting;
80 Two rows of strawberries can be planted by a cm-long planting bag module, each row is 5, and each planting bag module is used for planting 10 strawberries; two rows of 6 planting bags with the length of 100cm are planted in a planting bag module, and 12 planting bags are planted in each row; 120 7 plants are planted in each row with the length of cm, and 14 plants are planted in each planting bag module;
S3, field management after seedling establishment
S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management
When 2 leaves are spread from the seedlings after the seedling is recovered, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, eddha=1: 2:2:0.1:0.05, dripping strawberry planting bags at 0.1-0.2% concentration and 3-5 days apart according to the amount of 0.6-0.8 kg/667 m 2 kg/day, and promoting root and leaf growth;
In flowering and fruiting period, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, eddha=1: 2:1:0.2:0.1, mixing the materials according to the amount of 0.9-1.1kg/667m 2 per day, dripping strawberry planting bags at intervals of 2-3 days at concentration of 0.2-0.3%, wherein the intervals can be longer when the air temperature is low in winter and spring, and the amount can be reduced;
Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surfaces in flowering and fruiting period to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, supplementing calcium, magnesium and microelements to promote nutrient balance, selecting water-soluble fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer of medium and microelements, dripping with water or spraying on leaf surfaces every 10-15 days, supplementing amino acid and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to increase crop resistance and fruit quality;
in the growth process of the strawberries, water is timely supplied according to different stages of the growth of the strawberries, the water in the planting bags in the seedling stage after seedling recovery is kept at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, the strawberries are properly dried to promote rooting, the water required in the flowering stage is relatively large and is kept at 80%, and 2-3 d of fruits before harvesting can be properly controlled to be water, so that the fruit quality is improved;
s3.2 controlling the proper temperature
The temperature suitable for strawberry growth is 15-20 ℃ in daytime and 5-12 ℃ at night, the strawberry plants have certain cold resistance, when the temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃, in order to promote strawberry growth, a heat preservation quilt is covered on the greenhouse to maintain the temperature of above 5 ℃ in the greenhouse, and if the temperature in the greenhouse reaches above 25 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out;
s3.3 picking leaves and thinning fruits
Timely removing old leaves and redundant stolons at the lower part of the plant during the growth period so as to improve illumination and ventilation conditions and reduce the harm of diseases and insects; the weak, small, malformed and high-grade flowers and fruits in inflorescences are removed, 5-8 fruits can be selected and reserved in each inflorescence, the quality of the fruits can be improved, and the uniformity of the fruits can be improved;
S4, pest control
The method mainly comprises the steps of mainly preventing and controlling powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose diseases and red spider, aphid and thrips, wherein the strawberry is fresh fruit, the disease and insect prevention and control are realized by adopting comprehensive anti-caking measures, enhancing light, temperature, water, fertilizer and air management, creating an environment suitable for the growth of the strawberry, improving the disease resistance of the strawberry, and ensuring the safety and the health of the product by utilizing physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures;
The powdery mildew is prevented and treated by selecting a disease-resistant variety, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, plant weakness or overgrowth is prevented, ventilation is noted, and excessive humidity and abnormal dryness in a greenhouse are avoided; the strawberry seedling stage is prevented in advance, mancozeb is selected for spraying, and 50% of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules, 25% of bupirimate wettable powder and 40% of myclobutanil wettable powder can be alternately used during the disease;
the gray mold control should prevent excessive humidity in the shed, avoid excessive application of high nitrogen fertilizer, control excessive density and excessive growth of plants, and keep good ventilation in the shed; the medicament can be used for preventing and controlling 10 percent of polyoxin wettable powder and 50 percent of procymidone wettable powder, and is sprayed for 1 time every 7 d times and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; in rainy days, 10% of procymidone smoke benefiting agent or 45% of chlorothalonil smoke cleaning agent is selected for airtight smoking;
the wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil is sprayed at the initial stage of preventing and treating anthracnose, and the wettable powder is sprayed for 3 to 5 times continuously or is sprayed comprehensively by 0.4% Boerdosol suspension to prevent disease spread;
the red spider is prevented and treated by timely watering, removing diseased leaves and dead leaves, reducing the transmission of insect sources, and the medicament is alternately sprayed with 5% fenpyroximate suspending agent and 25% diafenthiuron suspending agent once every 7 days;
The aphids are prevented and treated, old leaves are removed in time, weeds are eliminated, and yellow plates are arranged for trapping and killing; the pesticide can be used for preventing and controlling 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule and 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granule;
the control of thrips is to remove old leaves in time, eliminate weeds and trap and kill blue plates; the pesticide can be used for preventing and controlling water dispersible granules of 70% imidacloprid or 70% acetamiprid and 6% spinetoram.
2. The modularized cultivation method for high-quality strawberries in a summer greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in the water and fertilizer management process of the planting bags in S3.1, water is dripped once a day on a sunny day and once in a rainy day for 2 to 3 days according to weather conditions, and the water is oozed each time.
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| 棚室草莓架式基质无土栽培技术;胡奇;魏猷刚;甘小虎;章鸥;皇甫菊银;闫庆九;胡波;;江苏农业科学;20160718(第06期);第239-241页 * |
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