CN109197430A - A kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods, are related to crop planting technical field.The method of the present invention includes: Seeds preprocess process, cultivation, irrigation and drainage process, prevention and treatment pest and disease damage process and crop rotation process；The Seeds preprocess process includes water seed soaking processing and Medicament soaked seed processing；The cultivation is planted using drilling method；The irrigation and drainage process uses drip irrigation；The prevention and treatment pest and disease damage process includes prevention and treatment powdery mildew, yellow dwarf, rust, prevention and treatment subterranean pest-insect and aphid；The crop rotation process uses wheat crops and corn, beans and greengrocery shift of crops.The method of the present invention can reduce pest and disease damage, reduce field ponding, improves crop yield and quality and may insure going on smoothly for wheat crops south numerous added-generation work.

Description

A kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field more particularly to a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods.

Background technique

Highland barley is the staple food crop of Tibetan people.Its planting conditions are adapted to the natural climate condition in Tibet.It is green Highland barley cold tolerance is strong, has apparent plateau region.Can only be planted every year under the weather conditions of Lhasa one season highland barley.To accelerate Breeding process, Tibet Autonomous Region's animal husbandry academy of sciences agricultural research carry out south numerous added-generation practice to highland barley in Yuanmou of Yunnan Province.Nan Fanjia Generation technique is the powerful measure of breeding work, is widely used in the wheat crops such as soybean, corn, highland barley.

Yuanmou belongs to semiarid zone of the warm with transition, and dry and wet season is clearly demarcated, and precipitation is few, a little higher than Tibet region master The season of growth temperature of crop is wanted, sunshine is sufficient, and the wheat suitable for northern China spring sowing area is agriculture as breeding plus generation Portion is determined as one of main numerous basic point in south.

All parts of the country have many breeding units to carry out south numerous added-generation in Yuanmou.But south numerous added-generation for many years, during which encounter compared with Mostly difficult, a series of problems, such as serious, field ponding is serious, irrigation is difficult occurs for pest and disease damage, not can guarantee south numerous added-generation work It goes on smoothly.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, main purpose is solution the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods Certainly pest and disease damage common during wheat crops south numerous added-generation, field ponding, low output, the problem of crop quality difference.

In order to achieve the above objectives, invention broadly provides following technical solutions:

On the one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods, the method includes with Lower step:

Seeds preprocess process, cultivation, irrigation and drainage process, prevention and treatment pest and disease damage process and crop rotation process；Wherein,

The Seeds preprocess process includes water seed soaking processing and Medicament soaked seed processing；

The cultivation is planted using drilling method；

The irrigation and drainage process uses drip irrigation；

The prevention and treatment pest and disease damage process includes prevention and treatment powdery mildew, yellow dwarf, rust, prevention and treatment subterranean pest-insect and aphid；

The crop rotation process uses wheat crops and corn, beans and greengrocery shift of crops.

Preferably, the wheat crops are highland barley 12-10556, highland barley 13-6927 and dark blue 13；The south is numerous to be added In generation, carries out in Yuanmou trial zone.

Preferably, the specific steps of the water seed soaking processing: crop seeds are placed in cold water and are presoaked 6 hours, fishing After out with 40 DEG C water seed soaking 6 hours, take out next day it is spare；The specific steps of the Medicament soaked seed processing: it is first impregnated with warm water Seed takes out seed after 6 hours, respectively with the carbendazim seed soaking of the Metalaxyl-M and 100 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid after 1 hour.

Preferably, the specific steps of the cultivation: trench digging drilling, sowing furrow of having ditched, furrow are 1.2 meters wide, 0.3 meter of furrow width；Line-spacing is 20 centimetres, 25 centimetres or 30 centimetres；Depth of planting is 3-5 centimetres；Thickness of sowing be 5 kgs/acre, 7.5 kgs/acre or 10 kgs/acre.

Preferably, the prevention and treatment yellow dwarf is in one heart stage to pustulation period of three leaf of wheat crops investigation yellow dwarf morbidity Symptom, control method are as follows: with 500 times of liquid Metalaxyl-Ms and 100 times of liquid carbendazim seed soaking；Crop field spray: before wheat seeding is turned green Afterwards, with 50% Aphox wettable powder use per acre 5-8 grams or 5% come good fortune missible oil or 20% sumicidin missible oil 3000- 4000 times of liquid are sprayed with 60-75 kilograms of medical fluid as cauline leaf per acre, and cross-reference medicament.

Preferably, the prevention and treatment powdery mildew is to use proportion for the spraying Bordeaux mixture of 1:2:100-200,70% methyl 800 times of liquid of thiophanate, 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, 15% triadimefon wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, and cross-reference medicament.

Preferably, to heavier plot of falling ill throughout the year when the control rust, with 15% triadimefon wettable powder 60- 100 grams of seed dressings, 50 kilograms of seeds；Field finds sick center in seedling stage, and when sick leaf rate reaches 5%, severity is 10% hereinafter, every 50 grams of 15% triadimefon wettable powder of mu or 20% triadimefon missible oil 40 milliliters or 25% triadimefon wettable powder per acre 30 grams or 12.5% fast Poly wettable powder 15-30 grams of medication per acre per acre, it is spraying to 50-70 kilograms of water, or to water 10- 15 kilograms of progress low-gallonage spraying, in plant disease epidemic year, when sick leaf rate is 25% or more, severity is more than 10%, to add medicine to 2-4 times of concentration of amount is spraying.

Preferably, the prevention and treatment subterranean pest-insect adds water 50-60kg using 40% Isofenphos methyl missible oil 500ml, mix small Wheat and highland barley seed 500-600kg uniformly spray, and spreading out can sow after drying, for preventing and treating mole cricket, grub, wireworm；

Before spring-sown crops emergence or cutworm 1-2 instar larvae full incidence period, roots out weeds in field, reduce larva early stage and eat Material, per hectare mix fine sand or fine earth 375-450kg with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500g, and shallow ridges is opened by root and is sprinkled into medicine soil, immediately Earthing, or medicine soil of hoing the fields is combined to apply；

Seed or seedling are bitten when after planting finding that subterranean pest-insect stings, sprays cypermethrin and chlopyrifos；

When crops seedling stage is endangered by cutworm, with 40% Isofenphos methyl 50-75g, to water 50-75kg, when from afternoon 4 Start to be filled in seedling root, killing rate is simultaneous to control grub and wireworm up to 90% or more.

Preferably, anti-eliminate aphis selects 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 0.36% green plant matrine 500 times of aqua or 2000 times of 10% Beta-cypermethrin EC, 2500 times of 2.5% Cyhalothrin or 50% Aphox are wettable 2000 times of pulvis of property, and cross-reference medicament；Alternatively, selecting 5% sharp worm net 25-30 milliliters or the net pulvis 20 of 10% aphid lice per acre Gram, it is spraying to 40 kilograms of water.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention is analyzed according to Tibet and weather, the geography of south numerous added-generation planting site (Yuanmou) etc., and is combined for many years Crops research and plantation experience, it is found that Yuanmou and Tibet weather are totally different, it should specifically be impregnated, be dressed seed and low to seed Warm vernalization treatment；According to the pest and disease damage species survey of two places and rule difference, seed is effectively treated, to time of infertility disease Insect pest is investigated, and suitable Prevention Technique is developed；By the cultivation technique of system research crops south numerous added-generation, using drop Filling mode is irrigated, and is reduced field ponding, is reduced pest and disease damage influence, improves crop yield and quality and ensure that wheat is made The work of object south numerous added-generation is gone on smoothly.

Specific embodiment

For further illustrate the present invention to reach the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention is taken, below with compared with Good embodiment, to specific embodiment, technical solution, feature and its effect applied according to the present invention, detailed description is as follows.Under Stating the special characteristic, structure or feature in multiple embodiments in bright can be combined by any suitable form.

Embodiment 1 (seed treatment)

Seed soaking (in December, -2016 in October, 2016):

The purpose of seed soaking reaches the water content that can normally germinate, promotes seed to sprout, mention first is that seed is made to absorb water quickly High-incidence bud rate and emergence rate；Second is that the effect of Seed sterilization, antivirus, it is yellow to effectively reduce the generation of disease, especially wheat crops Short disease.

It is used as test material using dark blue 13, the seed that wherein emergence rate experimental investigation screens full not mechanical damage is made For test material, using following processing method:

(1) hot water treatment of seeds: preparing dark blue 13 seed, cold water presoaks 6 hours, after pulling out with 40 DEG C water seed soaking 6 hours, take Next day is spare out；

(2) Medicament soaked seed: seed first is impregnated with warm water, seed is taken out after 6 hours, uses Metalaxyl-M respectively after 1 hour The seed soaking of (500 times of liquid) and carbendazim (100 times of liquid)；

(3) using the seed without seed soaking as blank control；

Emergence rate investigation use RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, using hot water treatment of seeds, carbendazim seed soaking, Metalaxyl-M soak seed and do not soak Kind (control).It is repeated 3 times, each each 10 row of repeat sowing of processing, the long 1.2m of row, every row sows 60, broadcasts 600 altogether.Point Basic Seedling and emergence rate are investigated before tiller.

Disease survey: by by the highland barley of different seed soakings be planted in it is same experimental field, emerging to adjusting before and after jointing Look into yellow dwarf and powdery mildew, yellow dwarf and the susceptible degree of powdery mildew be divided into do not fall ill, slightly, than more serious, very serious.

Basic seedling amount and emergence rate the result shows that: by the seeding ratio of seed soaking than the kind without seed soaking Sub- emergence rate is high.Speculate that seed absorbs sufficient moisture during soaking, is conducive to the sprouting of seed, emergence rate is higher. Seed soaking basic seedling amount and emergence rate investigation result are shown in Table 1.

1 basic seedling amount of table and emergence rate average value

Seed soaking disease survey the result shows that: by the highland barley of Medicament soaked seed in seedling stage to the jointing stage, yellow dwarf is susceptible Degree and the susceptible degree of powdery mildew are below the highland barley hoted water treatment of seeds；It is significantly lower than the highland barley without seed soaking.Metalaxyl-M is A kind of efficient fungicide has effects that prevent and treat.Carbendazim is the fungicide of common broad spectrum activity.This time Fusarium Wilt of Sweet Kind processing, all effectively reduces disease.Rotation is used into other fungicide in next step, in order to avoid generate drug resistance.Seed soaking Disease survey the results are shown in Table 2, and occurring degree is referring to table 9 and table 12.

The seed soaking disease survey of table 2

Embodiment 2 (drilling program request test)

Test period: in March, -2017 in October, 2016；

This test is that effect observation is tested, and in order to be conducive to select offspring, distinguishes offspring's strain, the present invention is in highland barley offspring Material is planted using a broadcast mode, and one point of the seed that will be broadcast down, and is spaced each other 3-5 cm distance.To at After ripe, strain selection is carried out, is at this moment easy for distinguishing strain.

Propagation material has preferably carried out trench digging drilling, pours water and drains for convenience, and to furrow of having ditched experimental field are carried out, furrow are wide 1.2 meters, 0.3 meter of furrow width.It is used as test material using dark blue 13, line-spacing is arranged 20 centimetres, 25 centimetres, 30 centimetres.Completely random Design, takes 10 behavior, one repetition at random, is repeated 3 times altogether.Highland barley growing way and plant type are observed, selects 10 plants of investigation at random.

Test result shows the seed by program request, is easy to separate single plant, can understand and distinguish strain.It does not go together 3 and table 5 are shown in Table away from dark blue 13 plant height and mass of 1000 kernel, the results showed that line-spacing 20cm, plant height, mass of 1000 kernel and yield are considerably less than 25cm and 30 centimetre of plant height and mass of 1000 kernel.And the line-spacing of 25cm and the line-spacing of 30cm, plant height and mass of 1000 kernel and 30 row yield are poor It is different unobvious.Per mu yield display line is converted into away from the dark blue 13 yield highest for 25.

Dark blue 13 plant height of 3 different spacings of table, mass of 1000 kernel application form

The dark blue 13 character investigation of 4 different spacings of table

Embodiment 3 (depth of planting test)

Deadline: in March, -2017 in October, 2016；

There is very big difference in Yuanmou and Soil of Tibet structure and climatic environment and Tibet, and Yuanmou soil is mostly clay, ventilation Bad hydraulic permeability, if depth of planting is too deep, seed is easy to rot, and emergence rate is low.Carry out depth of planting test, it is therefore an objective to research sowing Depth is that how many emergences are more preferable, and are not easy to lodge.Dark blue 13 seed of full seed is selected as test.In continuous 12 row soil It is sowed on the comparable same furrow of earth even uniform, fertility, each depth of planting broadcasts 2 rows, and row is 1.5 meters long, every row sowing 80.It selects at 5 altogether, 10 rows are sowed in each processing, sow total grain number 800.3 centimetres, 4 centimetres and 5 centimetres of sowing is set Depth.14 days after pouring water, investigation emergence rate and lodging situation.

Different depth of planting basic seedling amounts and emergence rate the result shows that: depth of planting be 3 centimetres, emergence rate 80.4%, Depth of planting is 4 centimetres, emergence rate 77.1%, and depth of planting is 5 centimetres, and emergence rate only has 62.8%.It is complete to test material Breeding time observation does not find lodging situation.Different depth of planting basic seedling amounts and emergence rate are shown in Table 5.The results show that sowing is deep Degree is that the leaf emergence of 3cm is higher, then the material that material and breeding coefficient few for grain weight, more precious is high, builds View depth of planting 3cm is advisable.

The different depth of planting emergence rates of table 5 compare

Embodiment 4 (thickness of sowing test)

Purpose: due to heat abundance etc., highland barley is very strong in Yuanmou tiller.Carry out thickness of sowing test, it is intended to study The relationship of the amount of broadcasting and yield.

It is each 50 kilograms of the selected full seed of 12-10556 and 13-6927 spare from highland barley strain.Select soil fertility, soil The uniform experimental plot of earth structure, randomized block experiment.Since highland barley is strong in Yuanmou plantation tiller, it is every that the present invention, which is provided with the amount of broadcasting, 5 kilograms of mu, 7.5 kilograms, 10 kilograms of processing, in triplicate, each 1 mu of plantation.Each processing randomly selects 10 rows and carries out character Investigation is investigated Basic Seedling, plant height, mu spike number, tiller number, mass of 1000 kernel, is averaged, and survey yield.

It carries out the results of analysis of variance to two strain plant heights and mass of 1000 kernel to show: 5 kgs/acre, 7.5 kgs/acre, 10 public affairs Pound/acre the amount of broadcasting have no effect on highland barley and absorb and nutrition and receive sunlight, do not significantly affect the growth and development of highland barley.Test result It is shown in Table 6, table 7.

The investigation of 6 12-10556 difference thickness of sowing economical character of table

The investigation of 7 13-6927 difference thickness of sowing economical character of table

Carry out linear regression analysis to two strain thicknesss of sowing and basic seedling amount to show: thickness of sowing and basic seedling amount are deposited In significant positive correlation.Wherein 12-10556 linear regression model (LRM) are as follows: y=0.4867+1.668x, 13-6927 linear regression Model is y=0.620+1.636x intercept all very littles, shows that with the increase basic seedling amount of thickness of sowing be substantially also proportional Increase, the mu amount of broadcasting is at 10 kilograms hereinafter, influence of the thickness of sowing to seeding ratio is little.

To two strain difference thicknesss of sowing and mu spike number and available tillering analysis shows that, with the increasing of thickness of sowing Add, the incrementss of mu spike number significantly reduce, and available tillering significantly reduces.Show that thickness of sowing is smaller, tiller is more vigorous, effectively Tiller is more, and mu spike number is more.

Linear regression analysis is carried out to two strain basic seedling amounts and available tillering, the results showed that available tillering and base This seedling number is in significant negative correlativing relation, linear regression model (LRM) y=1.310-0.0672x.Show basic seedling amount to effective tillering It is affected, basic seedling amount is bigger, and effective tillering is fewer.

The per mu yield of 7.5 kilograms of density is 308 kilograms in strain 12-10556, and the density per mu yield than 5 kilograms per acre is high 76 kilograms, it is highest that the per mu yield of 10 kilograms of density, which is 347 kilograms, and than 7.5 kgs/acre density per mu yields are 39 kilograms high.As a result Show that the increase for the amount of broadcasting is not directly proportional to yield, the reduction of effective tillering leads to the reduction of mu spike number, per mu yield is caused to increase Amount reduces.Data between thickness of sowing and yield are broadcast to strain 13-6927 to analyze, and also illustrate this point.

The mu amount of broadcasting is 10 kilograms of yield highests, and it is necessary to processing progress of the mu amount of broadcasting more than 10 kilograms is arranged for test in next step Test.

Embodiment 5 (trickle irrigation test)

Time: 2 months -2017 years in October, 2016；

Yuanmou winter drying is short of rain, and irrigation water is greatly using groundwater resources.Especially hillside, test Ground topography is higher, is all irrigated using underground water, expensive, up to 1.5 yuan/side.In order to save water resource, project is used Such a Water Saving Irrigation Mode of trickle irrigation.Project with choosing one piece of reproduction test, about 8 mu of area, carries out trickle irrigation after highland barley jointing It pours water with flood irrigation front and back, compares water consumption size, calculate drip irrigation economize amount.

Compared with flood irrigation, trickle irrigation avoids a large amount of water and washes away to soil, protects soil texture；Next is not easy Large area ponding is caused, water consumption is small, saves water resource；Using fertilization pool from drip irrigation zone apply fertilizer, saved fertilising manually at This, makes fertilizer until crop root, improves utilization efficiency.Project has summed up a set of trickle irrigation on the basis of local trickle irrigation use and has set Apply the technology of installing and using.Referring to technical report, trickle irrigation installs and uses practical technique.

Select the experimental field carry out water consumption measuring and calculating that one piece of area is about 8 mu, after jointing, trickle irrigation fills ground, and water meter is aobvious Show that water consumption is about 156 sides；After second to be testedly dry, flood irrigation is carried out from supervisor's diversion and is poured water, is filled all over monolith experimental field, With 392 side of water.It uses 236 side of water less compared with flood irrigation from trickle irrigation, saves water 60.2%.In terms of using effect, flood irrigation part ponding compared with It is more, it pours water uneven.And trickle irrigation is more uniform, ponding is less, and drip irrigation zone hydraulic pressure is more sufficient, and it is remote that water energy enough reaches drip irrigation zone End, utilization rate is high, does not waste.

Embodiment 6 (barley yellow dwarf research)

Time: 2 months -2017 years in October, 2016；

Test material: highland barley new varieties are dark blue 13, new lines 12-10556,13-6927；

Yellow dwarf disease symptom is investigated in three leaves, one heart stage to the pustulation period.Series of falling ill is big et al. referring to plum, the wooden moral Classification method, such as table 8；

8 highland barley yellow dwarf of table morbidity grade grade scale

Aphid Species investigation: in highland barley south numerous added-generation, experimental field field carries out multidraw, sampling identification Aphid Species.

Live away from home Aphed population and yellow dwarf onset relation of season weeds in field is studied: each experimental field periphery weeds of investigation and Aphed population situation and experimental field occurring degree.

Aphid Population and yellow dwarf onset relation: before and after the jointing stage, hundred plants of field aphid amount is investigated in the sampling of 5 points of field And aphid strain rate.By correlation analysis and regression analysis, itself and yellow dwarf morbidity Series Relations are discussed.

Temperature and humidity and yellow dwarf onset relation: recording according to temperature and humidity over the years, and temperature and humidity and yellow dwarf onset relation are discussed.

Water and fertilizer condition and yellow dwarf onset relation: different hundred plants of the field aphid amount and aphid strain rate and hair of investigation water and fertilizer condition State of an illness condition, and amino acid foliage fertilizer is sprayed to morbidity highland barley and surrounding, continue to observe yellow dwarf incidence.

Interpretation of result:

Disease symptom: two test materials are susceptible in various degree from seedling stage to pustulation period, and seedling stage is susceptible, and radical leaves are first Jaundice, slow growth, tiller are reduced, and root system is shallow, and uneven fade turns yellow since limb edge, blade tip or blade.Jointing stage hair Disease, the generally yellow since 1~2 leaf under young leaves are extended along vein to blade from blade tip, and blade narrows, becomes fragile, and plant is not short Change.Boot stage morbidity, only leaf turns to be yellow, and gradually extends from pointed end, root system is unsound, and main root is short, and secondary root is few, and plant is not short Change.

The numerous highland barley yellow dwarf in south passes malicious Aphid Species: being identified by sampling to experimental field south numerous added-generation highland barley aphid, discovery Cereal is hung aphid, grain aphid and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum etc., and cereal bud of hanging is sociales, and has increased trend year by year.Research Show that the numerous highland barley yellow dwarf virus in Yuanmou south mainly has green bugs, grain aphid, Acyrthosiphon dirhodum, cereal to hang aphid, wherein Cereal hangs aphid for sociales.

Season weeds in field is lived away from home Aphed population and yellow dwarf onset relation: when crops south numerous added-generation is sowed, temperature compared with Height is conducive to aphid existence.After summer crop harvesting, aphid is resided on periphery weeds and other crops, and south numerous added-generations is waited to make Object after planting, gradually moves on south numerous added-generation crop, and mass propagation, and quantity is far longer than the quantity of spring migration, this It is one of the main reason for south numerous added-generation crop yellow dwarf largely occurs.It is miscellaneous that the present invention has investigated 5 experimental plots preceding periphery of sowing Grass is lived away from home Aphed population and south numerous added-generation yellow dwarf incidence, the results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 is lived away from home Aphed population and yellow dwarf incidence

Periphery weeds live away from home as can be seen from Table 9, and Aphed population is more, and yellow dwarf morbidity is heavier, shows to emerge when highland barley Afterwards, aphid can gradually move on wheat seeding, then propagate rapidly again.

Aphid Population and yellow dwarf onset relation: aphid Population is shown in Table with yellow dwarf morbidity series investigation result 10。

10 Aphed population of table and morbidity series application form

Correlation analysis is carried out to hundred plants of aphid amounts and yellow dwarf morbidity grade, finds hundred plants of aphid amounts and morbidity grade at significantly just Correlativity, coefficient R=0.865.Single factor test linear regression analysis is carried out to the two, establishing linear regression model (LRM) is Y= 0.0014x+2.996.The result shows that yellow dwarf occurring degree and malicious source quantity have obvious positive correlation.To aphid strain rate and hair Sick grade carries out carry out correlation analysis, and discovery aphid strain rate and morbidity grade are at significant positive correlation, coefficient R=0.857. Single factor test linear regression model (LRM): Y=0.202x+1.073.The result shows that aphid also directly affects yellow dwarf in the distribution in field The occurring degree of disease.

Temperature and humidity and yellow dwarf onset relation: test describe 2013 experimental field highland barley time of infertility mean temperature be 18.2 DEG C, yellow dwarf occurring area 85%, hundred plants aphid amount 4000 or more, the highland barley underproduction 80%；2014 experimental field mean temperatures 16.5 DEG C, yellow dwarf occurring area 15%, hundred plants of aphid amounts 500 are hereinafter, the highland barley underproduction 10%；2015 experimental field mean temperatures 16.3 DEG C, yellow dwarf occurring area 15%, hundred plants aphid amount 300 or so, the highland barley underproduction 10%；2016 experimental field mean temperatures 17.0 DEG C, yellow dwarf occurring area 30%, hundred plants aphid amount 1800 or so, the highland barley underproduction 20%.The result shows that the numerous highland barley in south is complete Breeding time mean temperature is higher, and Aphed population is more, and yellow dwarf occurring area is bigger, and production loss is more serious.The time of arid, Yellow dwarf morbidity it is heavier, experimental field 2013, winter in 2016 it is all more arid, relative air humidity is low, yellow dwarf occurring area It is larger.Mutually build industry et al. research shows that April October to next year, yellow dwarf pandemic time, same period temperature it is higher or Person's drought is short of rain.

Fertilizer and water condition is from yellow dwarf onset relation: several experimental plots of different fertilizer and water conditions investigated, the results show that Fertility is higher, the preferable experimental plot of irrigation condition, and the morbidity of highland barley yellow dwarf is very slight, and not noticeable, the highland barley underproduction is unobvious. And the experimental plot that fertilizer and water condition is medium, experimental field yellow dwarf has obvious morbidity, but overall lighter, and the highland barley underproduction is obvious.And soil It is barren, poor heavier, the seed underproduction 30%-50% of experimental plot yellow dwarf morbidity of fertilizer and water condition.Foliar fertilizer is sprayed to experimental plot Afterwards, yellow dwarf morbidity is gradually effectively controlled, and onset area expansion rate obviously slows down, and plant starts by yellow gradually greening, The state of an illness improves.

Control on Yellow Dwarf method:

Chemical control: it is soaked seed with Metalaxyl-M (500 times of liquid) and carbendazim (100 times of liquid).Crop field spray: it can be returned in wheat seeding Green front and back, with 50% Aphox wettable powder use per acre 5-8 grams or 5% come good fortune missible oil or 20% sumicidin missible oil 3000-4000 times of liquid is sprayed with 60-75 kilograms of medical fluid as cauline leaf per acre, to prevent drug resistance, needs cross-reference medicament.

Integrated control: removing field and surrounding weeds in time, does not remove clean, the aphid medicament that goes out is sprayed, to reduce malicious source. Reinforce field farming, rich water, cultivation management, improves barley and resist resistance to sick ability, with reaching the mesh of control insect pest, mitigation harm, such as Evening optimum period is broadcast, and does winter irrigation, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer etc. well.This year, disease alleviated much compared with former years, and onset area is by original 50% Left and right is reduced to 20% or so.Susceptible symptom also mitigates very much.

Control efficiency: by the implementation of control measure, highland barley yellow dwarf is significantly reduced, and symptom is substantially reduced.It crosses When going not take measures, for hundred plants of aphid amounts at 15 in points for investigation, having 8 points is more than 3000.Aphid strain rate fall ill series 6 grades with On.After taking control measure, experimental field choosing 30 points, hundred plants of aphid amounts, only there are two points more than 3000.

Project has chosen 2 experimental plots, respectively randomly selected 5 testing sites sprayed front and back Aphed population investigation, than Compared with Aphox and Lai Fu missible oil to the control efficiency of highland barley yellow dwarf.

11 highland barley Control on Yellow Dwarf effect of table

After spray, 50% Aphox and Lai Fu missible oil control efficiency are obvious, and most aphids have killed Extremely, but still there are a small number of aphids, the aphid to prevent and treat not dead breeds rapidly, carries out continuing spray, general progress 2-3 times lasting After intersecting spray, aphid cannot be found substantially.

Embodiment 7 (prevention and treatment powdery mildew)

Time: 2 months -2017 years in October, 2016；

Disease symptom: infection crops cauline leaf is infected at most with face of blade.Initial stage is the irregular stigma of yellow green, side Edge is unobvious, and then scab constantly expands, and forms round or ellipse scab.On scab raw one layer of white powder shape mould layer later period it is mould Layer becomes canescence or taupe, wherein raw many black dots.Affected part becomes grey, covers its surface, side in flakes Edge is unintelligible, in dirty white or light canescence.Leaf-shrinkage becomes smaller when aggrieved serious, tender tip distortion deformity.Powdery mildew is according to hair Sick series is referring to table 12.

12 powdery mildew of table falls ill series referring to table

The condition of prevalence: ascospore and conidium are mainly propagated with air-flow, and sprouting produces aphid pipe and directly invades host In vivo.Field relative humidity is big, and for temperature at 16-24 DEG C, this disease is easily popular.Density is excessive, and illumination is insufficient, and nitrogenous fertilizer is excessive, excessive growth Seedling susceptible disease.

Occurrence regularity: before investigation on December 4, powdery mildew morbidity is lighter, and part plot is heavier, and net canopy temperature is tested compared with outside canopy Field temperature is high, falls ill heavier, and the rare plant infection of the outer greenhouse of canopy.December, 4-December 8, fine, illumination foot, air Relatively dry, during which powdery mildew morbidity is unobvious, there is less pathogen.December 14 to December 17, weather be mostly cloudy day or Light rain, illumination is less, and air humidity increases, and the state of an illness is obvious.No. 2 net canopy shadings, heavier, the clearly visible pathogen of blade of falling ill, 1 Number net canopy and No. 3 net canopies have a slight morbidity, and No. 4 net canopies and No. 5 net canopies seldom find the cause of disease object, do not fall ill substantially.Investigation is also sent out Field more than existing nitrogen application, powdery mildew morbidity are relatively heavy；The field of more application phosphorus potash fertilizers, powdery mildew morbidity are lighter.

Control method: powdery mildew once occur just it is popular quickly, it is therefore necessary to pay attention to discovery primary infection focus and timely medication. Spray is thoughtful, and when spray wants blade face blade back to spray together, germ could be killed, big yield spray, which meets water or humidity is full And when, it is hygroscopic rupture and it is dead.

Integrated control: crops should not plant overstocked, canopy room reinforcement ventilation, to reduce humidity.Field is excluded in time Ponding, watering is unsuitable more, reduces pathogen transmission and morbidity chance.Reinforce cultivation and fertilizer and water management, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogen Fertilizer keeps plant strain growth healthy and strong, applies sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer, to enhance the disease resistance of plant more.List is planted as far as possible in same field One variety of crops (is) mixed planting to be avoided, to prevent cross infection.Select disease-resistant variety.The kind of general downy mildew resistance also resists white Powder is sick, and the thick and solid kind of blade may be selected in cultivation.Crop rotation is broken out between can reducing congenerous disease farmland on a plateau, reduces the harm journey of disease Degree.Weeds are thoroughly removed before sowing, clear away dry branches and fallen leaves.Growth period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes fallen leaves.For a long time Find that farmers''s white powder kind is easy to happen disease in planting process.

Chemical control: spraying Bordeaux mixture (1:2:100-200), 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, more than 50% bacterium are used Clever 800 times of liquid, 15% triadimefon wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid.Same drug is because Reusability can make germ generate antibody, respectively Kind drug should be used alternatingly.The chemical control of powdery mildew will continue to carry out, and sufficiently kill remaining mycelium and conidium, prevent It is only popular again, primary every spray in 4-5 days after general spray for the first time, continuous spray 2-3 times.It is alternately persistently sprayed by several drugs Afterwards, powdery mildew has obtained effective control, and morbidity alleviates very much.

Embodiment 8 (control rust)

Time: 2 months -2017 years in October, 2016；

Big wheat rust occur it is wide, cause harm big, be divided into stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust, identification symptom is that " item rust is embarked on journey leaf Disorderly, stem rust is a great red spot to rust ".The scattered life of the spore of three kinds of rust is in Chinese red, sorus in the stalk and blade of barley Larger, thermal adaptability is wide (1.4 DEG C-l7 DEG C of item rust, leaf rust 2-32 DEG C, 3-31 DEG C of stem rust), and optimal temperature is 20 DEG C or so. The sorus of leaf rust disperses or intensively on wheat leaf blade, is in bronzing, color is lighter than stem rust, and sorus also compares stem rust Small, the sorus of requirement stripe rust between stem rust and item embroidery to temperature is in wheat fringe portion and blade along vein arrangement At significant ground streak, color is yellow so that withered yellow.After mycelia grows 15 days in wheat leaf texture, the summer is just generated on blade face The sustainable several days of generation uredospore of each uredium of sorus, uredospore breed quickly.The weight master of three kinds of rust morbidity Will be with the number of rainwater, more summer bacterium source amount and susceptible variety size is in close relations.In general, rainwater is more, susceptible variety Area is big, and bacterium source amount is big, and weight just occurs for rust, on the contrary then light.

Susceptible symptom:

Stripe rust: site of pathological change is mainly blade, and leaf sheath, stalk and fringe portion can also fall ill.There is chlorisis in sick portion in initial stage Spot forms bright yellow powder blister, i.e. uredium later.Uredium is smaller, oblong, arranged in parallel at item with vein Shape.Later period grows black, thin-and-long, hides in subepidermal strip blister spot, i.e. teleutosorus.

Leaf rust: there is chlorisis spot in early stage, occurs reddish brown toner blister (uredium) later.Uredium is smaller, It is tenne, it is irregular scattered on blade.Later period grown on leaf back and stalk black oblong to oblong, be embedded in Subepidermal teleutosorus has the trend according to straw longitudinal arrangement.

Stem rust: causing harm position based on stalk and leaf sheath, and also cause harm blade and fringe portion.Uredium is larger, long oval Shape is to thin-and-long, and bronzing, irregular scattered, the big spot of Chang Quancheng, sorus peripheral skin spreads to split and dig, and uredospore can penetrate leaf Piece.Later period disease minister go out Black oval to thin-and-long, it is scattered, break through epidermis, in the teleutosorus of powder blister.

Diseased plant investigation: the morbidity of current year south numerous added-generation experimental plot rust is very light, and project team is in No. 1 experimental plot (plantation 09- It 5024-13) has randomly choosed five points and has carried out diseased plant investigation, each 5 square metres of investigation of point, as a result in first point discovery 3 Strain mild infection rust, in 5 plants of mild infections of third point discovery.

Cultural control: after crop harvesting, turning over stubble-cleaning in time, eliminates spontaneous wheat seeding, reduces bacterium source.

Chemical control: public with 60-100 grams of 15% triadimefon wettable powder seed dressing 50 to heavier plot of falling ill throughout the year Jin seed.It stirs, strict control dose, the slightly larger influence emergence of concentration.

Field finds sick center in seedling stage, carries out spraying control in time.If fruit disease leaf rate reaches 5%, severity is 10% Hereinafter, with 50 grams of 15% triadimefon wettable powder or 20% triadimefon missible oil, 40 milliliters or 25% triadimefon can per acre per acre Wet powder 30 grams or 12.5% fast Poly wettable powder 15-30 grams of medication per acre per acre, it is spraying to 50-70 kilograms of water, or To 10-15 kilograms of water progress low-gallonage spraying.It is necessary to increase dosage, depending on coincident with severity degree of condition, with 2-4 times of the above dose Concentration is spraying.

Embodiment 9 (pest control)

Time: 2 months -2017 years in October, 2016；

Experimental field insect pest is mainly subterranean pest-insect and aphid to crops Yuanmou south numerous added-generation.Subterranean pest-insect mainly can be in seed Sprouting period and seedling stage sting biting to crop seeds and plant, influence seed seedling and basic seedling amount, few for grain weight Material especially it is noted that.

Aphid is the Major Pests in wheat crops growth period.After wheat crops heading, aphid is mainly clustered in blade, stem Stalk and fringe portion draw juice.When insect population is intensive, cause blade withered and yellow, plant strain growth is bad, after fringe portion is killed, causes seed It is not full.When serious, the wheat head is withered white, cannot solid or even whole strain it is withered, lose very big.

Pest species investigation: the subterranean pest-insect experimental field mainly found has grub (larva of chafer), wireworm (to kowtow The larva of worm), mole cricket, cutworm etc..The pest of aerial part of harming the crops is mainly aphid.

Controlling underground pest method: add 50~60kg of water with 40% Isofenphos methyl missible oil 500ml, mix wheat and highland barley kind Sub- 500-600kg uniformly sprays, and spreading out can sow after drying.Validity period 30-35 days, prevention and treatment mole cricket, grub, wireworm etc. Subterranean pest-insect.It is soaked seed with fungicide and some pesticides for killing subterranean pest-insect, dressing seed can also be played the role of, prevented Only subterranean pest-insect, which stings, bites.

Before spring-sown crops emergence or cutworm 1-2 instar larvae full incidence period, roots out weeds in field in time, reduce larva early stage Foodstuff.It is weeds are buried or transport and made compost outside field, eliminate oviposition host.

Per hectare mixes 375~450kg of fine sand or fine earth with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500g, opens shallow ridges by root and is sprinkled into medicine Soil, earthing immediately, or medicine soil of hoing the fields is combined to apply.If after planting discovery subterranean pest-insect, which stings, bites seed or seedling, can spray Cypermethrin and chlopyrifos.

In the high plot of subterranean pest-insect density, the method pest control of venom pouring root can be used.Crops seedling stage is old by ground When tiger endangers, 40% Isofenphos methyl 50-75g can be used, to water 50-75kg, when afternoon 4 be filled in seedling root, killing rate It is simultaneous to control grub and wireworm up to 90% or more.

Prevention and control of aphids method: 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 0.36% green plant aqueous matrine solution 500 are selected Times or 2000 times of 10% Beta-cypermethrin EC, 2.5% 2500 times of Cyhalothrin or 50% Aphox wettable powder 2000 times of agent.Also optional 5% sharp worm net 25-30 milliliter or 20 grams of the net pulvis of 10% aphid lice per acre, is sprayed 40 kilograms of water.When having 15% or more aphid fringe rate is the critical period of prevention and treatment, the prevention and treatment of medication immediately when hundred plants of aphid amounts reach 800-1000.It is anti- Only aphid generates drug resistance, various medicament cross-references.

Embodiment 10 (new varieties Resistance Identification)

Time: 2 months -2017 years in October, 2016；

Yuanmou winter temperature is higher, is multiple diseases district occurred frequently, if do not prevented and treated since emergence, is easy to feel Various diseases are contaminated, and are spread rapidly, especially yellow dwarf.So Yuanmou is the natural identification place of various diseases.This test is Carry out anti-disease enzyme using this natural surroundings in Yuanmou.Falling ill more serious is wheat crops yellow dwarf and powdery mildew, so Project team identifies highland barley and yellow stunt of wheat and the susceptible situation of powdery mildew, and rape identifies the susceptible situation of powdery mildew.Yuanmou winter Rainfall is considerably less, this is conducive to the Identification of Drought that each crops strain is carried out by Controlled irrigation amount.

Expert evidence: highland barley new varieties (being) investigate 12-10556,13-6927, dark blue 13 and wheat breed hide the spring 951 into Gone Major Diseases yellow dwarf and powdery mildew observation identification, investigation rape variety the earth 95 susceptible situation.

Identification method: identify that enforcement place is in experimental field solarium.Under conditions of early period is without disease control, Each expert evidence is divided into three repetitions and planted by same piece of land, does not carry out seed dressing and seed soaking, emergence to seed before sowing It does not carry out chemical control afterwards, makes expert evidence naturally susceptible, it (is) new infection yellow dwarf and white for investigating highland barley and new variety of wheat Powder disease onset area and occurring degree, rape investigate the susceptible area of powdery mildew and susceptible situation, and wheat crops are after jointing, rape Carry out chemical control again before and after bolting.First is that investigation yellow dwarf and powdery mildew onset area, second is that 5 regions of disease of field investigation Domain, Comprehensive Assessment morbidity series.

Under drought stress, each crops strain growing state and output condition compare Identification of Drought major diagnostic The yield of yield and normal irrigation under drought stress calculates yield and declines percentage.After seedling all sprouts, according to growing way situation, The strain blade for participating in identification starts to pour water after flavescence is wilted, and highland barley and wheat are uniformly poured water, and are poured water within 15 days or so Once, until heading restores normal irrigation, 10 plants are randomly selected, investigation plant height, grain number per spike (rape investigates single plant silique number), thousand Grain weight and yield, each kind system drought resistance of overall merit.

Qualification result: each crops new product (kind) is that resistance investigation the results are shown in Table 13-17, and new varieties (are) drought resisting stress See Table 1 for details 8 for character.

13 highland barley new lines 12-10556 resistance investigation situation of table

14 highland barley new lines 13-6927 resistance investigation situation of table

The dark blue 13 resistance investigation situation of 15 highland barley new varieties of table

16 wheat breed of table hides 951 resistance investigation situation of spring

Table 17 rape variety, 95 resistance investigation situations of the earth

Character application form is coerced in 18 crops new lines drought resisting of table

Place, those skilled in the art can not select from the prior art to the greatest extent in the embodiment of the present invention.

Disclosed above is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, is appointed What those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, answer It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with above-mentioned scope of protection of the claims It is quasi-.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods, which is characterized in that the described method includes: Seeds preprocess process, cultivation Training process, irrigation and drainage process, prevention and treatment pest and disease damage process and crop rotation process；

The Seeds preprocess process includes water seed soaking processing and Medicament soaked seed processing；

The cultivation is planted using drilling method；

The irrigation and drainage process uses drip irrigation；

The prevention and treatment pest and disease damage process includes prevention and treatment powdery mildew, yellow dwarf, rust, prevention and treatment subterranean pest-insect and aphid；

The crop rotation process uses wheat crops and corn, beans and greengrocery shift of crops.

2. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the wheat crops For highland barley 12-10556, highland barley 13-6927 and dark blue 13；The south numerous added-generation is carried out in Yuanmou trial zone.

3. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that at the water seed soaking The specific steps of reason: by crop seeds be placed in cold water presoak 6 hours, after pulling out with 40 DEG C water seed soaking 6 hours, taking-up next day It is spare；The specific steps of the Medicament soaked seed processing: seed first is impregnated with warm water, seed is taken out after 6 hours, after 1 hour respectively With the carbendazim seed soaking of the Metalaxyl-M and 100 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid.

4. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation Specific steps: trench digging drilling, sowing furrow of having ditched, furrow are 1.2 meters wide, 0.3 meter of furrow width；Line-spacing be 20 centimetres, 25 centimetres or 30 centimetres；Depth of planting is 3-5 centimetres；Thickness of sowing is 5 kgs/acre, 7.5 kgs/acre or 10 kgs/acre.

5. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the prevention and treatment yellow dwarf It is to investigate yellow dwarf disease symptom, control method are as follows: with 500 times of liquid essence first in one heart stage to the pustulation period of three leaf of wheat crops White spirit and 100 times of liquid carbendazim seed soaking；Crop field spray: it before and after wheat seeding is turned green, is used per acre with 50% Aphox wettable powder 5-8 grams or 5% carry out 3000-4000 times of liquid of good fortune missible oil or 20% sumicidin missible oil, makees stem with 60-75 kilograms of medical fluid per acre Foliar spray is applied, and cross-reference medicament.

6. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the prevention and treatment powdery mildew It is to use proportion for the spraying Bordeaux mixture of 1:2:100-200,70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, 800 times of 50% carbendazim Liquid, 15% triadimefon wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, and cross-reference medicament.

7. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when the control rust To heavier plot of falling ill throughout the year, with 50 kilograms of seeds of 60-100 grams of 15% triadimefon wettable powder seed dressing；Field in seedling stage It was found that sick center, when sick leaf rate reaches 5%, severity 10% hereinafter, per acre with 50 grams of 15% triadimefon wettable powder or 20% triadimefon missible oil, 40 milliliters or 25% triadimefon wettable powder 30 grams or 12.5% fast Poly wettable per acre per acre Pulvis 15-30 grams of medication per acre, it is spraying to 50-70 kilograms of water, or to 10-15 kilograms of water progress low-gallonage spraying, in disease stream In row year, when sick leaf rate is 25% or more, severity is more than 10%, spraying with 2-4 times of concentration of the above dose.

8. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the prevention and treatment underground evil Worm adds water 50-60kg using 40% Isofenphos methyl missible oil 500ml, mixes wheat and highland barley seed 500-600kg, uniformly sprays, Spreading out can sow after drying, for preventing and treating mole cricket, grub, wireworm；

Before spring-sown crops emergence or cutworm 1-2 instar larvae full incidence period, roots out weeds in field, reduce larva early stage foodstuff, often Hectare mixes fine sand or fine earth 375-450kg with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500g, and shallow ridges is opened by root and is sprinkled into medicine soil, immediately earthing, Or medicine soil of hoing the fields is combined to apply；

Seed or seedling are bitten when after planting finding that subterranean pest-insect stings, sprays cypermethrin and chlopyrifos；

When crops seedling stage is endangered by cutworm, with 40% Isofenphos methyl 50-75g, to water 50-75kg, when afternoon 4 It is filled in seedling root, killing rate is simultaneous to control grub and wireworm up to 90% or more.

9. a kind of wheat crops south numerous added-generation implantation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the anti-choosing that eliminates aphis With 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 0.36% 500 times of green plant aqueous matrine solution or 10% Beta-cypermethrin EC 2000 times of 2000 times, 2500 times of 2.5% Cyhalothrin or 50% Aphox wettable powder, and cross-reference medicament；Or Person selects 5% sharp worm net 25-30 milliliters or 20 grams of the net pulvis of 10% aphid lice per acre, spraying to 40 kilograms of water.