CN102204463A - Teasel root planting method - Google Patents
Teasel root planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102204463A CN102204463A CN 201110085098 CN201110085098A CN102204463A CN 102204463 A CN102204463 A CN 102204463A CN 201110085098 CN201110085098 CN 201110085098 CN 201110085098 A CN201110085098 A CN 201110085098A CN 102204463 A CN102204463 A CN 102204463A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teasel root planting method which comprises the following steps of: (1) screening a wild teasel seed source in which the content of teasel saponin is larger than or equal to 2.0 percent and the content of extract is larger than or equal to 45 percent, and building a high-quality seed breeding nursery; (2) collecting the seeds of the high-quality breeding nursery, and transplanting seedlings or directly sowing seeds in a field; and (3) carrying out field management and comprehensive pest control, and harvesting the mature crude drugs. The quality of teasel produced through the planting technology disclosed by the invention meets the specified requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, According to the method provided by the invention and used for planting and production of teasel roots, the quality of teasel roots and the quality stability can be improved, the yield of teasel roots can be increased, the market supply of teasel roots is ensured, high excavation amount of wild teasel roots is indirectly reduced, and contribution is made for protection of wild teasel roots.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant cultivation field, particularly relate to a kind of kind method for planting of teasel root.
Background technology
The former plant of teasel root is the plant teasel Dipsacus asperoides C.Y.Cheng et T.M.Ai of teasel root section another name teasel root, chervil, Sambucus thunbergiana etc., belongs to herbaceos perennial.Be used as medicine property hardship, suffering, slightly warm in nature with root; Go into liver, kidney channel.Have filling liver kidney, strengthening the bones and muscles, functions such as uterine bleeding are hindered, ended to continuous folding, is used for the treatment of soreness and weakness of waist and knees, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, uterine bleeding, threatened abortion, injury from falling down.Be one of conventional Chinese medicine material, the huge market demand.The annual requirement of list Guizhou normal pharmaceutical Co. Ltd of Tongji University just is 300 tons, and the teasel root medicinal material of existing market circulation because its source is fixing, causes its quality of medicinal material widely different based on wild product, and most quality of medicinal material does not all reach " Chinese pharmacopoeia requirement.Therefore need set up the teasel root planting technology of a cover standard.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of planting technology of teasel root.
Teasel root kind method for planting provided by the invention, it comprises the steps:
1) the wild teasel root provenance of screening asperosaponin VI content 〉=2.0% and extract 〉=45% is set up the stock breeding garden;
2) seed in collection stock breeding garden carries out seedling raising and transplanting or sowing in the field;
3) carry out field management and integrated pest prevention and control, gather after the medicinal material maturation.
Described teasel root kind method for planting can comprise that also reed head remaining when gathering plants as vegetative seedling.
Wherein, the screening index of the wild teasel root provenance of screening also comprises and introduces a fine variety adaptability, diseases and insect pests resistance and output.
Among the present invention, described seed collection specifically comprises the steps:
In the stock breeding base, adopt and gather by stages, begin to gather in late September, whole full ripe infructescence is extracted, gather and stay the back of prematurity infructescence still, the infructescence of at every turn gathering is taken back and is put on the indoor seat that dries in the air the ventilation and dry in the shade, pat infructescence gently with bamboo pole, achene promptly spreads out.Again seed collection is held together, decontamination and the empty lack of filling power fruit of winnowing with a dustpan, it is standby to dry back dress cloth bag.With the seed gathered in carrying out autumn sowing then, sowed in spring in 1 year, or sowing more late the time.The storage environment of preferred seed is preferable over and carries out preservation under 0～10 ℃ for preserving under shady and cool (0～25 ℃), the ventilation condition, if long-time preservation should be put in refrigerator; The sowing then of gathering is then deposited under cool place, the ventilation condition and is got final product.
Wherein, described seedling raising and transplanting specifically comprises the steps:
1) in plastic tunnel or land for growing field crops shed, grows seedlings, plough deeply soil, remove foreign material, use 2000～2500kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20kg total nutrient content 〉=45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, smooth seedbed for every mu;
2) sow in early October～early December or late Febuary～mid-March, the fine earth with mistake 8 mesh sieves of seed and 200～300 times (weight ratios) broadcasts sowing in the seedbed, covers the thick fine earth of 0.5～1.5cm, and described seeding quantity is 8～9g/m
2
3) emerge after, weed out the rank grass, the control damage by disease and insect, thinning in time, the control density of reserved seedlings is 800～1000 strains/m
2
4) choose height of seedling length to 6～10cm, preferred 6～10cm, 8～10cm most preferably, true leaf reaches more than 3 pieces, preferred more than 4 pieces, most preferably more than 5 pieces, the seedling of well developed root system carries out transplant planting in the land for growing field crops, and seeding row spacing is controlled at 20～40cm * 20～40cm, every mu is controlled at 5000～7000 strains with seedling, foreign material are removed through ploughing deeply in described land for growing field crops, use 2000～2500kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20kg nutrient content 〉=45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as base fertilizer for every mu.
Wherein, described seed is selected purity 〉=99% for use, cleanliness 〉=85%, and preferred 〉=90%, more preferably 95%, thousand kernel weight 〉=3.8g, preferred 〉=4.1g, most preferably 〉=and 4.3g, moisture is 9～12% seed.Described seed outward appearance is yellowish-brown or brown, and color and luster is even, and full nothing is damaged, and is glossy, disease-free, free from insect pests, goes mouldy.
Wherein, described sowing in the field specifically comprises the steps:
The fine earth of mistake 8 mesh sieves of the seed behind dry seeds or the presoaking and germinating and 200～300 times (times of weight) is mixed, carry out bunch planting, after planting cover the fine earth of 1～2.0cm, the planting density of described bunch planting is seeding row spacing 25～40cm * 25～40cm, every mu 5000～6000 cave, 5～7 of every bunch planting kinds.
Wherein, described field management comprises timely thinning or fills the gaps with seedlings, 1～2 strain healthy seedling is stayed in every cave, intertill and clean tillage, water and take precautions against drought, drainage waterlogging prevention, rationally topdress, plucking tongue pinches, wherein, the branch that topdresses carries out for three times, before being respectively envelope row in May, every mu of people's domestic animals manure 1500～2000kg that executes to become thoroughly decomposed or nitrogenous fertilizer 10kg, late August every mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of executing 2kg, sowed in spring 1 year or autumn sowing every mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the executing 2kg mid-April in the 3rd year, wherein, in the 3rd year of the autumn sowing teasel root, pluck tongue during the late April～late June in 1 year of spring sowing teasel root and pinch 1～2 time.
Wherein, described integrated pest prevention and control is based on cultural control, and integrated use physical control, biological control, chemical control when wherein using chemical control, are selected efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, and adopted minimum effective dose.
Wherein, select the single heavy 20～80g of being, preferred 40～80g, most preferably 60～80g contains more than 2, and preferred 3～4, the reed head of 4 above young shoots most preferably, planting density is every mu 5000～6000 cave, 1～2 the reed head in every cave, plantation back earthing 2～3cm.
The present invention makes clear and definite regulation to the production of teasel root elite seed, plantation seedling raising and transplanting, plant division (reed head) breeding plantation, seed sowing, field management technology, harvesting technique and the place of production process technology etc. of teasel root.
The major quality controlling project (extract, assay) of the medicinal material of different wild teasel roots area has been carried out detecting and has been contrasted in the teasel root medicinal material of producing by of the present invention kind of method for planting and the Guizhou Province, the result shows that the quality of medicinal material that the method according to this invention is produced all meets " Chinese pharmacopoeia regulation requirement, and the different local wild teasel root quality of medicinal materials of gathering are widely different, and the quality of medicinal material in most of places does not all reach " Chinese pharmacopoeia regulation requirement.
Therefore carrying out the plantation of teasel root medicinal material by method provided by the invention produces; can improve its quality of medicinal material and quality of stability, also can improve medicinal material output, ensure the market supply of teasel root medicinal material; reduce excavating in a large number of wild teasel root medicinal material indirectly, offer for protecting wild teasel root herb resource to make.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The screening of embodiment 1 fine provenance and the foundation in stock breeding garden
Through main wild teasel root resource distribution condition survey to distributing in the Guizhou Province, the wild teasel root medicinal material sample of having gathered 20 wild teasel root distributed points of difference during the process of the investigation carries out quality testing (mainly detect index asperosaponin VI content, extract are arranged), its quality situation of comparative analysis.
Set up the germ plasm resource garden,, introduce a fine variety after growing seedlings and be planted in the resource garden, plant according to a conventional method the wild teasel root seed that different distributions point is gathered.Observe the growing way situation of teasel root in the resource garden in each source.
Plant after 1 year, excavate the teasel root medicinal material, carry out quality testing (test item is with wild product) after dry the processing and survey product, quality and output situation after the cultivation of comparative analysis Different Provenances teasel root, the influence of plantation to the teasel root quality of medicinal material introduced a fine variety in investigation, to determine the quality stability of Different Provenances.Filter out good teasel root provenance, in order to popularizing planting.
The different places of production wild teasel root medicinal material sample quality testing result is as shown in table 1, and the teasel root medicinal material sample quality that excavate in the different places of production differs greatly, and the non-conformity of quality in great majority source closes " Chinese pharmacopoeia.
Wherein wild teasel root medicinal material sample asperosaponin VI content (standard for 〉=2.0%) and extract (standard is 〉=45%) content meets all that " there are Longshan, Longli County town cat cat head, plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town, Pan county haw town 3 places of production, village of going into the street in the place of production of Chinese pharmacopoeia standard code.
The wild teasel root medicinal material of table 1 separate sources sample quality testing result
Remarks: (1) asperosaponin VI reference substance concentration is 0.122mg/ml; (2) checkout equipment is the Agilent-1200 high performance liquid chromatograph.(3) the natural crude drugs sample is not excavated in Hefeng County, Hubei Province in the time of resource investigation, only gather seed and introduce a fine variety in the resource garden, does not therefore detect the natural crude drugs sample quality.
The growing state teasel root germplasm of separate sources introduced a fine variety plantation in the resource garden after has carried out preliminary observation research, and its observational study the results are shown in Table 2.The result shows that except that the growing way of 2 provenances in Zha Zuo forest farm and grassland, Longli County township of improving literature was poor slightly, the teasel root growing way in other source was all better.
The teasel root germ plasm resource garden sample strain of table 2 Guizhou is at the garden observed and recorded
Annotate: (1) basal leaf mean, the on average long * of leaf are wider than observation on November 19th, 2008 statistics; (2) on average length, average root diameter were observed statistics on November 24th, 2008 for the average bar number of root, root; (3) ◆ be a reed plant division plantation.
The separate sources teasel root is introduced a fine variety the teasel root medicinal material of plantation after 1 year survey and produce and sampling detects its quality in the germ plasm resource garden, contrast steady quality situation and output situation behind the wild teasel root introducing and planting.
Through the different places of production medicinal material sample of teasel root introducing and planting after 1 year carried out quality testing, testing result sees Table 3, the result shows that the natural crude drugs sample quality meets that " three sources of Chinese pharmacopoeia standard code are that Longli County cat cat head, Pan county haw are gone into the street, plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town, and the medicinal material sample quality behind the introducing and planting (investigate index be asperosaponin VI content, extract content) meets " Chinese pharmacopoeia standard code.
Through the medicinal material of different place of production teasel root introducing and plantings after 1 year surveyed product, to survey and produce result's (seeing Table 4) demonstration, provenance is that Longli County cat cat head, Pan county haw are gone into the street, the medicinal material output in plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town is higher, per mu yield medicinal material dry product is all greater than 270kg.
Table 3 separate sources teasel root is introduced a fine variety in resource garden medicinal material sample quality testing result
Remarks: (1) asperosaponin VI reference substance concentration is 0.122mg/ml; (2) checkout equipment is the Agilent-1200 high performance liquid chromatograph.(3) the medicinal material sample grown cycle is 1 year, promptly in November, 2007, with the wild teasel root seed seedling-raising that resource investigation is gathered, transplants in teasel root germ plasm resource garden in March, 2008, excavates medicinal material in November, 2008, the dry processing.
Table 4 Different Provenances teasel root introducing and planting output contrast table
Remarks: (1) growth cycle is 1 year, promptly in November, 2007, with the wild teasel root seed seedling-raising of resource investigation collection, in March, 2008, transplant in teasel root germ plasm resource garden, excavate medicinal material in November, 2008, each provenance is excavated 4 strains, and dry the processing surveyed its dried medicinal material weight.(2) per mu yield translation method: per mu yield (kg)=[(the dried medicinal material gross weight of 4 strains ÷ 4) * 6000 strains (by every mu of plantation 6000 strains)] ÷ 1000
Growing way, medicinal material output and the quality of medicinal material comparative result of the wild teasel root quality of medicinal material in the comprehensive different place of production, Different Provenances introducing and planting teasel root, selected the natural crude drugs quality to meet that " Chinese pharmacopoeia standard code (asperosaponin VI content 2.5%, extract 56.21%), introducing and planting grow fine, quality meets " Chinese pharmacopoeia standard code, the provenance that output is high behind the introducing and planting, promptly deriving from the go into the street provenance in village of Longshan, Longli County town cat cat head, plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town, Pan county haw town is the high-quality provenance, carries out breeding of breeding.
The seed growing process
(1) source of original seed: the provenance that resource garden variety comparative test filters out (promptly derive from Longshan, Longli County town cat cat head, plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town, Pan county haw town go into the street village), the seed that adopts division propagation to cultivate is as original seed.
(2) grow seedlings: adopt the conventional seedbed system method November～December, grows seedlings with original seed, builds independently nursery garden, is isolated area with the forest land, breeds the outer dense trees in district all around breeding ground is kept apart, and prevents to mix and go here and there powder.
(3) transplant planting: early March is to the last ten-days period, plough deeply ((furrow furrow width 40cm on the wide furrow face of 25～30cm) whole good 100cm using sufficient base fertilizer (well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg/ mu or composite fertilizer 25kg/ mu), dark 10cm), choosing healthy and strong, the seedling balled transplanting of true leaf more than 5 pieces, press the seeding row spacing stay cord field planting of 50cm * 50cm, irrigate normal root water.
(4) field management: breeding field must be enhanced field management.1) in time looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings: looked into the growth of cereal crop seedlings one time in per 5 days, and found that the disease seedling goes out clearly immediately, and fill with standby strong seedling, carry out observed and recorded.2) remove weeds in field at any time.3) prevention waterlogging of taking precautions against drought, rainy for days should be dredged the furrow ditch, high temperature and drought day after day, keeping crop seedling from drought.4) machinery and biology hybrid are avoided in the maintenance of attention isolation strip as far as possible.
(5) seed collection, processing: transplant after about 15～20 days restraining the growth of seedlings phase, the plant ramp was not was not blossomed and beared fruit in 1 year usually, and the minority bolting plant that blooms should in time be pinched, and prevented that it from blooming, and can draw ditch, ridging winter in conjunction with weeding.Except that noting field preventing disease and pest management, can spray an amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5Kg/ mu) in 1 year in its bolting phase (6～July).Should noting August～September pinches plucks flower bud, and each plant keeps consistent inflorescence in 25～30 flowering stage, to too early or the inflorescence of spending evening and forming should extract, to guarantee infructescence maturing stage one the full of fruit of making peace.To early October, should note observing the variation of infructescence, wilting when corolla comes off, and can pluck when the infructescence thin slice becomes fawn.The harvesting method is: collection person puts on one's gloves after the morning, 10 dew were done, and directly cuts infructescence with secateurs or scissors in the furrow ditch, puts into woven bag.Answer airing after infructescence is adopted back in bamboo dustpan, airing thickness is advisable with 10～15cm, is put in aeration-drying place and dries, and stirs every day 1～2 time, avoids under sunlight and is exposed to the sun.Pat gently with bamboo pole dry back, shakes out the fruit in the infructescence, puts into dustpan, winnows with a dustpan except that part bract, calyx and residual impurity such as corolla, gets clean seed, as teasel root plantation breeding.Sampling is carried out quality testing by the seed examination criteria, detects qualified after, divide the fabric seed packet of packing into, the rearmounted room ventilation that ties on a label, the preservation of shady and cool place guard against damp and the insect protected protection against rodents.
Embodiment 2 seed collections and storage
Among following each embodiment, unless otherwise noted, used seed is the fine provenance that filters out: Longshan, Longli County town cat cat head, plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town, the Pan county haw town village of going into the street, the seed after stock breeding.
2.1 the seed collecting time with at the beginning of the seed selection 10 months～mid-November, select healthy and strong no damage by disease and insect plant as the seed collecting plant from the stock breeding base.Wherein undergrowth or undesired, strain shape is not good, the plant that has damage by disease and insect to infect must not be used for collecting seed.
2.2 whole capitulum began to become loose when seed maturity sign teasel root seed (achene) was ripe, bractlet is by green yellowing, and the fruit ball is yellow or yellowish-brown, pulls open the achene (seed) that as seen is yellow or brown this moment, show that then seed is ripe, can gather.
2.3 seed collection teasel root infructescence maturation is inconsistent, in the lower area of height above sea level, promptly there is part infructescence maturation late September, and mid or late October is ripe peak period, still has a small amount of maturation up to late November later on.For saving the labour and gathering cost, the medicinal herb grower cuts back the airing receipts full bearing period mid or late October with whole plant usually and plants, because the fruit maturity difference, the seed that has scatters in the ground, and the prematurity still of part inflorescence is received in addition and planted the later autumn sowing then that is unfavorable for.In the stock breeding base, employing is gathered proper by stages, can begin to gather in late September, the infructescence of whole maturation can be extracted, gather and stay the back of prematurity infructescence still, the infructescence of at every turn gathering is taken back and is put on the indoor seat that dries in the air the ventilation and dry in the shade, and pats infructescence gently with bamboo pole, and achene promptly spreads out.Again seed collection is held together, impurity and empty lack of filling power fruits such as the corolla that comes off of winnowing with a dustpan, bract, it is standby to dry back dress cloth bag.The seed quality of in batches gathering is good, the germination rate height, and help autumn sowing use fresh seeds.
2.4 seed storage is observed according to the experiment in year November in November, 2007 to 2008, the teasel root seed is loaded on cotton bag after, put storage refrigerator (0～5 ℃) and room temperature (15～25 ℃) under, in the time of 6 months, 12 months, survey germination rate, survey is once at quarterly intervals later on.The result show the teasel root seed storage in room temperature in the time of following 6 months germination rate 72.4% be that germination rate has reduced to 0% in the time of 12 months; Preserve that germinating capacity does not have much changes when refrigerator (0～5 ℃) was 76.3%, 12 month in the time of 6 months, germination rate still is 73.5%, and therefore, the teasel root seed should be placed under low temperature (0～5 ℃) environment such as refrigerator, when especially needing long term storage.If seed can be in room temperature, the storage of shady and cool ventilation place in autumn sowing then or spring sowing in next year.
Embodiment 3 seedling raising and transplanting
Adopt plastic tunnel to grow seedlings or land for growing field crops shed seedling method 3.1 grow seedlings.
3.1.1 the preparation in seedbed
3.1.1.1 plastic tunnel: in plastic tunnel with the bed of growing seedlings of the wide 1m of brick one-tenth, high 20cm, personal attendant's canopy.After deliberation, the seedbed planted agent fills out the thick thin mellow soil of 15cm, whenever then per muly evenly spreads 2000～2500kg well-rotted farmyard manure or base fertilizer is made by 20kg composite fertilizer (potassium sulfate type of amount of nutrients 〉=45%), after mixing thoroughly with bed soil, wipes bed surface off with scraper plate.
3.1.1.2 land for growing field crops shed seedling method: in choosing the plot, plough deeply soil 20cm, weed a garden, perennial root and foreign material such as big chad, break up the clods; Drag for into the seedbed of wide 1m, high 10cm with hoe; Whenever then, per muly evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 2000～2500kg well-rotted farmyard manure or base fertilizer is made in the railway carriage or compartment face by 20kg composite fertilizer (potassium sulfate type of amount of nutrients 〉=45%), with a fertilizer and a native mixing, wipe bed surface off with scraper plate then in conjunction with whole soil.
3.1.2 sowing
3.1.2.1 the selection criteria of seed: referring to table 5
Table 5 teasel root corresponding seed quality criteria
More than every index for dividing other foundation of teasel root seed quality level.Testing result has an index can not reach requirement, then reduces to next rank, and detection does not reach primary standard and reduces to secondary, does not reach secondary seed and reduces to three grades of seeds, does not reach three grades of seeds and is defective seed.Ban use of defective planting seed.
3.1.2.2 the sowing time: autumn sowing early October～early December; Sow in spring late Febuary～mid-March.
3.1.2.3 type of seeding: elder generation sprays the seedbed permeable, by 8～9g/m
2The sowing quantity of (clean seed weight) calculates, the weighing seed, with seed and the moistening fine earth that sieves (crossing 8 mesh sieves) in seed: the ratio mixing of fine earth=1: 200 (weight ratio), evenly be spread on the face of railway carriage or compartment with hand, when sowing seeds hand apart from ground about 30cm, along about the face of railway carriage or compartment, broadcast sowing, thick with the about 0.5cm of fine earth lid again, use plastic mulching then, with heat and moisture preserving.
3.1.3 management
3.1.3.1 take off film: behind the seed sprouting more than 80%, throw off mulch film.
3.1.3.2 water: after taking off film, note watering and preserve moisture, keep the railway carriage or compartment face moistening at any time, watering time should be before morning 10:00 or afternoon 17:00 after, should not water during high temperature noon.After waiting to grow true leaf, choosing is fine, waters the railway carriage or compartment face and topdresses once to play the seedling effect of proposing with macerating ripe loose stool water or natural pond liquid.Occur after the true leaf, should look the native situation of table and water in good time and preserve moisture.
3.1.3.3 weeding: pull out the weeds that sprout in the seedbed at any time.The cleaning that keeps the seedbed.
3.1.3.4 thinning: behind the tidy seedlings output,, carry out suitable thinning simultaneously, pull out weak seedling in the seedbed and overstocked seedling, keep density 2.5cm * 2.5cm, keep 800～1000 strains/m at last in conjunction with weeding
2
3.1.3.5 aeration-cooling: the raise seedling in greenhouse method, when temperature of shed reaches 30 ℃, open the two ends of canopy, strengthen ventilating in the canopy, reduce temperature of shed and relative moisture, prevent that high temperature from burning the generation of seedling and disease.
3.1.3.6 draining: around deep-cut the drain ditch, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 10cm, drainage waterlogging prevention.Clear up the railway carriage or compartment ditch between the canopy and canopy in the ground of growing seedlings simultaneously, make rainwater can unimpededly enter around in the ditch to external drainage.
3.1.3.7 the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect between nursery stage is adhered to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, and notes ventilating in the canopy, prevents that damage by disease and insect from invading; The discovery disease is pulled out diseased plant, and carries out soil disinfection with lime.Find that a small amount of insect is with manually eliminating.
3.1.3.8 hardening: transplant the last week, the two ends of throwing off canopy, and reduce and water.
3.1.3.9 lifting: the quality standard of seedling is referring to table 6
Table 6 teasel root seed shoots quality standard
Early March～the first tenday period of a month in May, look the growth of cereal crop seedlings and begin to carry out transplanting work, transplant and the seedbed is sprayed permeable the previous day, the bigger healthy seedling of choosing in second day, selection reaches the seedling more than three grades or three grades, tie into wisp with moistening straw, general every about 50 strains, be placed on then and transport to transplant planting ground in the large bamboo or wicker basket.Ying Suiqi is with planting, and it is too many to note not wanting disposable lifting, and the seedling that rose the same day must be planted to place and spend the night the same day.
3.2 whole ground before transplanting
3.2.1 time of site preparation was transplanted the last week in early March～the first tenday period of a month in May, choosing has fine whole ground.
3.2.2 method of soil preparation is ploughed deeply soil 25～30cm, removes foreign material such as choosing weeds in the plot, big chad.Pick up earlier and remove weeds in the ground of having turned over, shone on the spot 3～4 days, dry up weeds.Make the furrow of wide 1.2m, high 10cm then according to landform, furrow spacing 30cm in conjunction with drawing the ditch furrow face of raking, picks up various perennial roots on the furrow face, weeds and big foreign material such as chad simultaneously.
3.3 transplant
3.3.1 transplant transplanting time mid-March～the first tenday period of a month in May, choosing is cloudy, the rainy day transplants.
Plant 3.3.2 the planting density seeding row spacing carries out nest by 30cm * 30cm, every mu with about 6000 strains of seedling.
3.3.3 apply fertilizer to the subsoil with transplant on whole good furrow face and go surely, open the cave by spacing in the rows 30cm, the about deeply 10cm in cave, every mu of about 6000 caves along rope then by line-spacing 30cm stay cord.Apply fertilizer to the subsoil by every mu of fertilizing amount of executing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20kg composite fertilizer (amount of nutrients 〉=45%, potassium sulfate type) subsequently, evenly be put in the kind plant hole of accomplishing fluently; Shallow earthing.Seedling is put into the cave, and earthing compresses, every cave 1～2 young plant.Field planting irrigated normal root water the same day.
Embodiment 4 sowing in the field
4.1 seed: being used for live seed should and select aforesaid first order seed or secondary seed through check.
4.3.2 choosing ground: with embodiment 3.
4.3.3 put in order ground and apply fertilizer to the subsoil: with embodiment 3.
4.3.4 type of seeding: but autumn sowing and spring sowing.Autumn sowing in early October to early December, spring sowing can late Febuary to late March.
4.3.5 sowing seed: can be with passing through seed or the dry seeds that presoaking and germinating is crossed, its seedling-growing time is live in dry seeds a little earlier behind the planting seed that presoaking and germinating is crossed.
4.3.6 presoaking and germinating: before the sowing with seed with 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water 10 hours, pull out and spread out in box or be placed in the gauze bag, put the vernalization of warm place, water every day 1～2 time, treat can sow when bud is sprouted.
4.3.7 seed dressing: the teasel root seed is less, sows evenly and save seed for making, and directly and behind 200 times wetting fine earth (the crossing 8 mesh sieves) mixing sows with dry seeds or through the seed that vernalization is handled.
4.3.8 sowing: bunch planting, the seeding row spacing according to 30 * 30cm on the furrow that perform is beaten nest, the about deeply 10cm of nest, every mu of about 6000 caves.Evenly apply by every mu of fertilizing amount of executing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20kg composite fertilizer (nutrient content 〉=45% sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate type) subsequently and make base fertilizer in the nest.Every nest is sowed about 5～7, after planting, covers 1～2cm thickness soil.
The plantation of embodiment 5 reed heads
5.1 the selection of reed head:, extract the reed head and plant as kind excavating the plant of selecting good healthy no damage by disease and insect season.
5.2 the formulation of the quality standard of reed head through experimental study and production practices, is divided into 3 levels of the standard (seeing Table 5) with teasel root reed head.
Table 7 a teasel root division propagation reed standard
More than every index plant the foundation of a reed quality scale for dividing the teasel root kind.Detection has one not reach standard and reduce to the next stage kind and plant, and does not reach the secondary kind and plants and reduce to three grades of kinds and plant, and does not reach three grades of kinds and plants and be defective work.Ban use of defective teasel root plantation.
5.3 the preparation of reed head: when excavating teasel root, choose the plant of healthy no damage by disease and insect, downcut sturdy root to be processed into medicinal material with clean, sharp kitchen knife, what according to the size of reed head, the number of bud, and demand of propagating materials the reed head is cut apart then, each cut apart kind plant and answer more than the heavy 20g of 2 above buds of tool, individual plant, smear sterilization at the position of cutting with fresh ash, then according to the rank of reed head, requirement classification plantation, the reed head of same levels should be planted in same plot.
5.4 cultivation method
5.4.1 whole ground and applying fertilizer to the subsoil: in the plot of choosing, plough deeply soil 20～30cm, weed a garden, foreign material such as perennial root and stone, break up the clods, drag for into the furrow of wide 120cm, high 10cm, furrow furrow width 30cm.Seeding row spacing according to 30 * 30cm on the furrow that perform is beaten nest, the about deeply 10cm of nest, every mu of about 6000 caves.Apply fertilizer to the subsoil by every mu of fertilizing amount of executing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20kg composite fertilizer (nutrient content 〉=45%, potassium sulfate type) subsequently, evenly put into the nest of accomplishing fluently, cover thin soil.
5.4.2 cultivation method is put into a kind of getting ready and planted in the nest that has applied fertilizer to the subsoil, note making bud upwards, covers earth, compresses as far as possible, thickness of earth covering 2～3cm waters normal root water.
Embodiment 6 field management
6.1 thinning and filling the gaps with seedlings
6.1.1 seedling raising and transplanting and plant division are transplanted and filled the gaps with seedlings: after the plantation, observe once planting site every day, after major part is transplanted seedling recovery growth, and the field inspection, polishing is short of seedling, and keeps every cave that 1～2 strain healthy seedling is arranged.Discovery because of cutworm cause be short of seedling the time, before filling the gaps with seedlings, find out cutworm earlier and kill again and to mend, in case harm again.
6.1.2 direct-seeding planting thinning and filling the gaps with seedlings: live plot, after seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, should carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings in conjunction with uprooting weed.Check the growth of cereal crop seedlings every day, in time polishing is short of seedling, and keeps every nest that 1～2 strain healthy seedling is arranged.Discovery because of cutworm cause be short of seedling the time, before filling the gaps with seedlings, find out cutworm earlier and kill again and to mend, in case harm again.
6.2 cultivation uproot in conjunction with between, fill the gaps with seedlings and carry out intertill and clean tillage the 1st time, suitable shallow hoe does not injure root and the blade of teasel root plant, carry out intertill and clean tillage general every year 3～4 times, respectively carries out 1 time in March, April, May, accomplishes that the field do not have weeds.All weeds will be concentrated and are stacked in the hole of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and allow its fermentation maturity become fertilizer.The whole growth phase bans use of weed killer herbicide.
It is short of rain to take precautions against drought continuously 6.3 water, and when arid situation appears in planting site, should water and take precautions against drought, and watering time should be in the afternoon or the morning.
6.4 the drainage waterlogging prevention teasel root is afraid of waterlogging, before transplanting drag for the railway carriage or compartment wholely the time, act in accordance with physical features and dug the drain ditch, guarantee the unobstructed discharge of rainwater in rainy season.In phase, will check the field drainage situation every day in rainy season in whole growth, finds the plot of ponding, should in time dredge, and avoids ponding to cause teasel root to rot root.
6.5 topdress
6.5.1 topdress for the first time
6.5.1.1 time of application: before May, envelope was gone.
6.5.1.2 amount of application: every mu of people's domestic animals manure 1500～2000kg that executes to become thoroughly decomposed or urea 10kg.
6.5.1.3 application process: nest is executed.
6.5.2 topdress for the second time
6.5.2.1 time of application: late August.
6.5.2.2 amount of application: 2kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6.5.2.3 application process: fine 2 ‰ aqueous solution foliage-sprays.
6.5.3 topdress for the third time
6.5.3.1 time of application: autumn sowing in 1 year in the mid-April, the 3rd of sowing in spring.
6.5.3.2 amount of application: 2kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6.5.3.3 application process: fine 2 ‰ aqueous solution foliage-sprays.
6.5.4 pluck tongue: grow directly from seeds plant the 3rd year, the 1 year beginning bolting of sowing in spring of autumn sowing teasel root blooms, and should pinch and pluck tongue, in order to avoid expend nutrient, influences the growth of root.When late April, plant was extracted cane out, prescind top (staying 3～4 joints) with sharp reaping hook from the face of land 20～25cm, still can form side shoot more later on, when bud occurring, in time extract.Plucking tongue during late April～late June according to circumstances pinches 1～2 time.
Table 8 is plucked tongue and is pinched to the influence of teasel root medicinal material output
The data of table 8 show: take the field to pluck tongue and pinch the teasel root medicinal material per mu yield (bright product) of management than not plucking the 484kg that exceeds that tongue pinches; And through observing, pluck teasel root plant that tongue pinches and divide number more not pluck lacking that tongue pinches, and bud is less, plant is shorter, more, the well developed root system of stem blade, the bright root meat of the teasel root medicinal material of excavating out, lignification are lower; Not plucking teasel root plant that tongue pinches, to divide number more than plucking tongue and pinching, but bud is big, plant is higher, the stem blade is less, root system is undeveloped, and the teasel root medicinal material lignification of excavating out is higher.Its reason may be that not pluck the teasel root plants stems blade that tongue pinches less, the photosynthesis deficiency, and plant blossom result waits in the reproductive growth process simultaneously needs to consume a large amount of nutrients, so that output reduces; And it is more to pluck the teasel root plants stems blade that tongue pinches, and the photosynthesis abundance suppresses its plant reproductive growth by plucking the tongue back of pinching simultaneously, reduce the consumption of nutrient, so that output increases.
To sum up initial analysis draws, and plucks tongue and pinches and can improve the photosynthesis of plant, suppresses its reproductive growth simultaneously, reduces the consumption of nutrient, makes the more growth of centralizedly supply root of nutrient, improves teasel root medicinal material output.In teasel root plantation, should in time pinch during bolting in 4～June, when occurring existing bud later on, should in time pluck.
Embodiment 7 extermination of disease and insect pest and integrated control
7.1 extermination of disease and insect pest principle with " putting prevention first ", is advocated utilization " integrated control " method energetically.In preventing and controlling, make every effort to use less chemical pesticide.In the time must using, strict traditional Chinese medicine standardization production agricultural chemicals using priciple, the careful medicament kind of selecting carried out.Select the agricultural chemicals of an amount of low toxicity, low-residual for use in period of disease, strictly grasp dosage and medication period, reduce the residual toxicity influence as far as possible.Preferably use biological control.
7.2 disease and control
7.2.1 sick: since 2004, in conjunction with field investigation and field production, the disease of teasel root harmfulness mainly contains iron flake disease, root rot and root nematode at present.Should enhance field management and observe aborning,, will in time pull out, burn, simultaneously it is studied, find out the method for control if find diseased plant.To adopt following integrated pest control in agriculture measure to prevent at present.
7.2.1.1 iron flake disease: the blade of mainly causing harm, produce iron black look irregular stain when just falling ill on the blade, spot progressively enlarges, it is withered to spread to full leaf, this disease by the plant bottom to vertical spread.Late April begins morbidity, and be the morbidity Sheng phase 6～August, and it is the fastest to pluck the flower bud sequela, until results generation is arranged all.Control iron flake disease can be advanced to prevent and treat at the bordeaux mixture of premorbid with 1: 100, notices during spraying that cloud point is thin, even, and leave dual sides all will be sprayed onto, every 10～5 days once, and continuous 3～4 times.
7.2.1.2 root rot: high-temperature high humidity season easily takes place, ill butt rot, and plant is withered.Prevent and treat method: select than the ventilative good soil in high altitude localities, nice and cool environment plantation; The ditch begins to rehearse rainy season; Crop rotation is wanted in the soil, ploughs in advance, as falls ill when weighing, and can gather in advance, in order to avoid cause greater loss.The upright withered clean 100g of every mu of usefulness of their early stage converts water 50kg spraying.In addition also can be at the initial stage of a disease with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% thiophanate methyl, teasel root seedling stage is in conjunction with the control soil insect, 2000 times of liquid of available 40% Rogor or 90% crystal chlorophos 1000 extraordinarily fenaminosulf water strain for 1000 times, every 10～15 days times, and continuous 2～3 times.
7.2.1.3 root nematode: plant pathogeny line insect, volume is small, and most naked eyes can not be seen.Can cause that plant nutrition is bad and it is weak to grow, stunt by nematosis, in addition dead.Root-knot nematode causes host's teasel root root deformity of being injured to expand.Nematode survives the winter in soil or seedling with cyst, ovum or larva etc., mainly by propagation such as seedling, soil, fertilizer.The control root-knot nematode mainly takes soil disinfection to handle except that the ditch of taking to begin to rehearse rainy season, soil crop rotation, plough etc. the method in advance, in the plot of finding disease, spreads fertilizer over the fields quicklime by 20～25kg/ mu, turns over whole plot then.
7.2.1.4 disease integrated control
1. conscientiously select ground: should select humus soil more fertile, that be rich in organic matter, loam and sandy soil plantation.Hypsography low-lying, rich clay, saline land should not be planted.
2. carry out crop rotation: carry out crop rotation with non-irrigated grain (wheat, corn etc.) or other economic crops.The crop rotation time limit should be more than 1 year.
3. select for use and cultivate healthy and strong anosis seed, seedling: produce and to meet aforesaid teasel root corresponding seed quality criteria, teasel root seedling quality standard-required with seed, seedling.
4. in time remove weeds in field and invalid plant: to intending the plot of plantation teasel root, behind autumn Mo crop harvesting, turn over plough, rake the soil level with the soil that fully is exposed to the sun.The teasel root growing period will be noted diligent the inspection, should in time remove when field growing has weeds and disease plant occurs.
5. the rational application of fertilizer: based on base manure, base manure is based on farmyard manure, and farmyard manure must become thoroughly decomposed and reach innoxious sanitary standard and just can use.
6. ditching prevention waterlogging: before transplanting drag for the railway carriage or compartment wholely the time dug the drain ditch along physical features, and check the field drainage situation, the plot that should in time clear away the collected water at continuous season of wet weather or heavy rain duty later.
7.3 insect pest and control
In the field investigation process of investigation and popularizing planting, find that the insect of harm teasel root mainly contains following several in the open air.
7.3.1 black cutworm
7.3.1.1 the source: black cutworm Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg larva popular name grub, cutworm, root eating insect are Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) Noctuidae (Noctuidae) insect.
7.3.1.2 hazard symptoms: main in the seedling stage in 4～May, 4 ages, above larva bit the teasel root seedling broken near the ground, pulled into and got food in the soil pit, caused and was short of seedling, and influenced output.
7.3.1.3 cultural control: weeds are that soil insect lays eggs and hidden main place, also are that larva moves the bridge to the harm of medicine field, therefore, will in time root out, choose most weeds in field before transplanting, reduce the larva foodstuff, eliminate part larva and ovum.After the results, in time shovel weeds in field to the greatest extent, also can reduce the quantity of survive the winter larva and pupa.
7.3.1.4 physical control
7.3.1.4.1 manual catching and killing larva: after the transplanting, push the table soil of wilting place seedling every morning aside and catch and kill larva.
7.3.1.4.2 trapping adult: in 5～October, the field hangs good many PS-15II frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sweet and sour extension row trapping adult.
7.3.1.5 chemical control: the fenpropathrin milk oil with 20% behind the transplant planting dilutes 1500 times of whole furrow faces of even spraying.
7.3.2 grub south another name one's old mother worm, north another name holotrichia, its adult cries chafer.Adult and larva can both be caused harm, and cause harm the most serious with larva.Larva is common soil insect, to sting food root, subterranean stem, also stings the food terrestrial stem.The adult acrial part of mainly causing harm.
7.3.2.1 cultural control: root out and choose most field before the transplanting and after the autumn and winter results and reach weeds on every side.
7.3.2.2 physical control: use the light trap adult evening;
7.3.2.3 chemical control: water the cave with 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos or 1000 times of dilutions of 50～E605 missible oil between the emergence period; Or stir fragrant wheat bran with 25 gram Niran missible oil and add suitable quantity of water for 5 kilograms and be made into poison bait, near being spread on plant at dusk, trap and kill.
7.3.3 aphid: aphid: take place for 4～September, 4～June, insect pest situation was serious, before and after " the Beginning of summer ", particularly overcast and rainy spread faster.Its kind is a lot, comes in every shape, and body colour has Huang, green, black, brown, ash etc., and poly combines in leaf when causing harm, suck at tender succulence position, stem top, causes leaf and growing point to crispatura, and growth stops, blade flavescence, withered.The medicinal plant that aphid is caused harm is extremely many, and nearly all medicinal plant is endangered by it all.
7.3.3.1 cultural control: thoroughly weed a garden, reduce the chance that it is moved into.
7.3.3.2 chemical control: can (1000～1500 times of dilutions of mieyaling are sprayed, and connect spray repeatedly, until killing with 1000～1500 times of dilutions of 40% Rogor or menazon in the emergence period.
Bred for 4～5 generations 7.3.4 borer is annual, pierce in plant leaf, root, stem, the bud with larva and cause harm, have a strong impact on output and quality.
7.3.4.1 cultural control: before the transplanting and after the autumn and winter results, root out and choose most field and reach weeds on every side.
7.3.4.2 physical control: adult is contained the phase, selects and uses light trap calm day evening.
7.3.4.3 chemical control: the first hatching of ovum phase and larva is not sprayed with 500 times in 90% chlorophos or 3000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution before piercing plant.
7.3.5 soil insects such as mole cricket: bite seedling broken, rhizome.Be everlasting between April～May and appear night, bite young sprout and tender shoots broken, cause when serious and be short of seedling.
7.3.5.1 physical control: can manually catch larva, lamp light trapping adult, period poison bait insect.
7.3.5.2 chemical control: 1000 times of sprayings of every mu of usefulness 90% crystal chlorophos.Be everlasting between April～May and appear night, bite young sprout and tender shoots broken, cause when serious and be short of seedling.800 times of liquid of also available chlorophos are filled in the hole, seal the hole with earth then, also can use a small amount of chlorophos powder of fresh vegetable leaf bag plug hole, and killing effect is fine.
7.4 integrated pest prevention and control technology
7.4.1 integrated control strategy
In teasel root integrated control work, based on cultural control, suit measures to local conditions, rationally use physical control, biological control, chemical control, reach economy, safety, control the generation and the harm of damage by disease and insect effectively, easily.Make every effort to use no or little chemical pesticide aborning.Must applying pesticides the time, in strict accordance with the regulation of " People's Republic of China's agricultural chemicals management rules ", adopt minimum effective dose, and select efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide for use, to reduce persticide residue and heavy metal pollution, preserve the ecological environment.Ban use of national banned pesticides, the careful medicament kind of selecting is simultaneously strictly grasped dosage and medication period, reduces the residue of pesticide influence as far as possible.
7.4.2 integrated control technique
7.4.2.1 plant quarantine prophylactico-therapeutic measures: according to the state's laws rules, strict carry out " plant quarantine law " quarantined to strictnesses such as the teasel root seed of allocation and transportation, seedlings, blocks the source that damage by disease and insect is propagated, and prevents to endanger venereal disease, worm, importing into of weeds and spreads out of.
7.4.2.2 cultural control measure
7.4.2.2.1 select suitable planting site: the gutless plot of crossing teasel root and crucifer around selecting.
7.4.2.2.2 cleaning rural area: autumn end, behind the crop harvesting, root out field and weeds on every side, pick up except that the residual branch of fallen leaves in the ground, and concentrate and burn.
7.4.2.2.3 plowed soils: the soil 30cm that deep ploughs winter, destroy the insect existence and the environment of surviving the winter, make their mortalities when surviving the winter.Turn over early spring, and the pupa of soil table is turned over deep layer to soil, makes to be difficult for being unearthed behind the adult eclosion and dead, or postpone it and be unearthed.
7.4.2.2.4 select the anosis worm of prevalent variety cultivation strong sprout for use, improve resistance against diseases.
7.4.2.2.5 implementation crop rotation: crop rotation year was limited to more than 1 year, avoided or alleviate the generation of disease.
7.4.2.2.6 carry out field management
7.4.2.2.6.1 in time handle diseased plant: find diseased plant, in time pull out and burn, and the disinfection soil that limes.
7.4.2.2.6.2 use the fertilizer of harmless treatments such as becoming thoroughly decomposed: prepare innoxious fertilizer according to a conventional method.
Make base fertilizer 7.4.2.2.6.3 enrich phosphorus.
7.4.2.2.6.4 draining in good time: will check the field drainage situation in every day in rainy season,, should in time dredge draining, in order to avoid ponding causes teasel root to rot root if find the plot of ponding.
7.4.2.3 physical control measure: the taxis (as phototaxis, chemotaxis etc.) according to insect is trapped and killed, and is aided with the manual catching and killing simultaneously.
7.4.2.3.1 trapping adult: April～October, hang the adult of insects such as good many PS-15II frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping cutworm, prodenia litura, yellow bent flea beetle, two spot firefly be chrysomelid in the teasel root field, or hang the adult of insects such as black light lamp, sweet and sour extension row trapping black cutworm and prodenia litura.
7.4.2.3.2 manual catching and killing: before the transplant planting, equal to pile at dusk to lure the collection black cutworm larvae on ground, field with the fresh vegetable leaf, m seq is manually caught.After the transplanting, carry out field examination every morning, find that disconnected seedling digs near the table soil that cut-offs the seedling immediately and catches and kills black cutworm larvae.In June, fast Feng Hangqi catches the high instar larvae of prodenia litura.
7.4.2.4 bio-control method: carry out propaganda work, protect and improve environment around the planting site, adequately protect and utilize local natural enemy resource to control or alleviate the generation of insect pest.Simultaneously useful biology or the biological metabolite of active research comes prevention and elimination of disease and pests, as controlling worm with bacterium, controlling worm, control worm, cure the disease with bacterium etc. with worm with bird.
7.4.2.5 chemical control measure: by inquiry,, will use efficient, low toxicity (or poisoning), low-residual chemical control in the damage by disease and insect high-incidence season.Prevent and treat cutworm as the whole furrow face of 1500 times of even spraying of fenpropathrin milk oil dilution with 20% behind the transplant planting; 4～July yellow bent flea beetle, chrysomelid harm phase of two spot firefly, wooden dipper first enemy whole teasel root plant of 1500 times of liquid even spraying of missible oil with 4.5% and furrow face prevent harnessing the Yellow River bent flea beetle, two spot firefly is chrysomelid; The Spodoptera litura larvae harm phase in 6～September, the 2000 times of whole teasel root plant of even spraying of fenpropathrin milk oil dilution with 20% prevent and treat Spodoptera litura larvae.
Embodiment 8 gathers
The time limit and autumn sowing picking time were gathered in the 3rd year 8.1 gather, and excavated before year February late October to the second; Sow in spring and before year February in late October, second to the second, excavated.
8.2 collecting method
The apparatus bidentate rake 8.2.1 gather (tooth is 1.5cm directly for tooth pitch 8～10cm, the long 30cm of tooth, and tip is sharp, and the wooden rake handle is solid), reaping hook, kitchen knife (or secateurs), carrying bamboo basket.
Prescind cauline leaf on the ground when excavating earlier 8.2.2 gather, directly excavate with the bidentate rake then, root has all been dug, tremble and remove earth, cut removing LU, radicula with kitchen knife or secateurs, the bamboo basket of packing into is transported root back processing.
Experimental example 1
After the fine provenance teasel root of choosing carried out stock breeding, cultivate, survey during results and produce and sampling detects its quality, contrast steady quality situation and output situation behind the wild teasel root introducing and planting by above-mentioned kind of method for planting.
The go into the street seed of provenance stock breeding gained in village of Longshan, Longli County town cat cat head, plum blossom village, prestige Ning County Er Tang town, Pan county haw town, yield and quality after cultivating as stated above and output are shown in table 9,10.
The preferred teasel root improved variety popularization plantation of table 9 back is surveyed and is produced table
The preferred teasel root improved variety popularization plantation of table 10 back quality of medicinal material testing result
The result shows that the teasel root quality of medicinal material of Different Provenances behind the introducing and planting changes greatly, some in addition than the better quality of wild provenance.Medicinal material per mu yield dry product is all greater than 280kg; Quality of medicinal material all meets " Chinese pharmacopoeia standard code.
In sum; carrying out the plantation of teasel root medicinal material by teasel root breeding provided by the invention and kind method for planting thereof produces; can improve its quality of medicinal material and quality of stability; also can improve medicinal material output; ensure the market supply of teasel root medicinal material; reduce excavating in a large number of wild teasel root medicinal material indirectly, make contributions for protecting wild teasel root herb resource.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. teasel root kind method for planting, it comprises the steps:
1) the wild teasel root provenance of screening asperosaponin VI content 〉=2.0% and extract 〉=45% is set up the stock breeding garden;
2) seed in collection stock breeding garden carries out seedling raising and transplanting or sowing in the field;
3) carry out field management and integrated pest prevention and control, gather after the medicinal material maturation.
2. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises that also reed head remaining when gathering plants as vegetative seedling.
3. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the screening index of screening wild teasel root provenance also comprises introduces a fine variety adaptability, diseases and insect pests resistance and output.
4. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described seed collection adopts and gathers by stages, specifically begins to gather in late September, and the full ripe infructescence of by stages gathering is taken out seed with the infructescence back of drying in the shade.
5. kind of method for planting according to claim 4 is characterized in that, also comprises the seed of gathering is preserved under 0～25 ℃ of condition, is preferable over 0～10 ℃ of storage down.
6. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described seedling raising and transplanting specifically comprises the steps:
1) grow seedlings in plastic tunnel or land for growing field crops shed, plough deeply soil, remove foreign material, every mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of using 2000～2500kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20～30kg nutrient content 〉=45% is as base fertilizer, smooth seedbed;
2) sow in early October～early December or late Febuary～mid-March, the fine earth of mistake 8 mesh sieves of seed and 200～300 times is mixed, broadcast sowing in the seedbed, cover the thick fine earth of 0.5～1.5cm, described seeding quantity is 8～9g/m
2Seed;
3) emerge after, weed out the rank grass, the control damage by disease and insect, thinning in time, the control density of reserved seedlings is 800～1000 strains/m
2
4) choose height of seedling length to 8～10cm, true leaf reaches more than 5 pieces, the seedling of well developed root system carries out transplant planting in the land for growing field crops, seeding row spacing is controlled at 20～40cm * 20～40cm, every mu is controlled at 5000～7000 strains with seedling, foreign material are removed through ploughing deeply in described land for growing field crops, and every mu is used 2000～2500kg well-rotted farmyard manure or 20～30kg nutrient content 〉=45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.
7. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described sowing in the field specifically comprises the steps:
Fine earth with mistake 8 mesh sieves of the seed behind dry seeds or the presoaking and germinating and 200～300 times mixes, and carries out bunch planting, after planting cover the fine earth of 0.5～1.5cm, the planting density of described bunch planting is seeding row spacing 25～40cm * 25～40cm, every mu 5000～6000 cave, 5～7 of every bunch planting kinds.
8. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described field management comprises timely thinning or fills the gaps with seedlings, 2～3 strain healthy seedlings are stayed in every cave, intertill and clean tillage, water and take precautions against drought, drainage waterlogging prevention, rationally topdress, plucking tongue pinches, wherein, the branch that topdresses carries out for three times, before being respectively envelope row in May, every mu of people's domestic animals manure 1500～2000kg that executes to become thoroughly decomposed or nitrogenous fertilizer 10kg, late August every mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of executing 1.5～2.5kg, sowed in spring 1 year or autumn sowing every mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the executing 1.5～2.5kg mid-April in the 3rd year, wherein, in the 3rd year of autumn sowing, the late April～late June in 1 year of spring sowing plucked tongue and pinches 1～2 time.
9. kind of method for planting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described integrated pest prevention and control is based on cultural control, integrated use physical control, biological control, chemical control, when wherein using chemical control, select efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, and adopt minimum effective dose.
10. kind of method for planting according to claim 2 is characterized in that, selects the single heavy 20～80g of being, contains the reed head of 2 above young shoots, and planting density is every mu 5000～6000 cave, 1～2 the reed head in every cave, plantation back earthing 2～3cm.
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| CN103503688A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-15 | 遵义普迪生物科技有限责任公司 | Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root |
| CN103814723A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-28 | 云南和创药业有限公司 | Efficient cultivation method for high-altitude area radix dipsaci |
| CN104285658A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-01-21 | 弥渡县俊峰特色经济林药开发农民专业合作社 | Method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in relay intercropping mode |
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| CN107466511A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 句容市白兔镇云兔草莓专业合作社 | A kind of modification method of strawberry continuous cropping soil |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103503688A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-15 | 遵义普迪生物科技有限责任公司 | Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root |
| CN103814723A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-28 | 云南和创药业有限公司 | Efficient cultivation method for high-altitude area radix dipsaci |
| CN104285658A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-01-21 | 弥渡县俊峰特色经济林药开发农民专业合作社 | Method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in relay intercropping mode |
| CN104285658B (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-12-30 | 弥渡县俊峰特色经济林药开发农民专业合作社 | The implantation methods of a kind of teasel root and bitter buckwheat interplanting |
| CN107466511A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 句容市白兔镇云兔草莓专业合作社 | A kind of modification method of strawberry continuous cropping soil |
| CN107278567A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-24 | 云南农业大学 | The implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation |
| CN107950331A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-24 | 卿安华 | Clear method for planting ginseng |
| CN108541532A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-18 | 竹溪三元米业有限公司 | A kind of method that biomass nutrient Bowls educates maize seedling |
| CN109566291A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-05 | 漾濞县富恒种植业农民专业合作社 | A kind of Chinese medicine method for cultivating seeds adapting to High aititude plantation |
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| CN102204463B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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