CN101785398A - Cultivation method of teasel root - Google Patents
Cultivation method of teasel root Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of teasel root, comprising reasonable land selection, land preparation, seedling breeding, transplanting and field management, wherein the transplanting is carried out by selecting seedlings which meet certain properties. The cultivation method is obtained through tests and researches of seedling breeding means test, density test, fertilizer test and seedling test, can ensure about 1,000-1,400kg of yield per mu of fresh roots and tubers of medicinal parts of the teasel root which is cultivated for two years, improves by about 10-20% compared with the reported highest yield per unit area, can greatly improve the yield per unit area, increases the economic revenue and is of significance to guide and promote the industrialization development of the teasel root; meanwhile, the cultivation method has strong comprehensiveness, simple and standard operation and easy popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to general botany, relate in particular to a kind of cultivation method of teasel root.
Background technology
Teasel root (latin name: Radix Dipsaci), have another name called sieve fore-telling seven, shaven head, the fore-telling of mountain sieve, teasel etc., mainly be distributed in ground such as Chongqing, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Tibet, grow in limes marginis, hillside thick grass, border and the roadside, field of height above sea level 600～3000m.For Dipsacaceae Dipsacus herbaceos perennial, be used as medicine with rhizome.Teasel is medicine beginning to be stated from Sheng Nong's herbal classic, is listed in top gradely, has filling liver kidney, strengthening the bones and muscles, continuously loses, ends uterine bleeding, effect such as antiabortive.Because teasel root mainly is wild, seldom tame, the price continuous rise causes wild resource to be die-offed in recent years, the market supply deficiency.
In recent years, both at home and abroad to the teasel chemical composition, the research of aspect such as pharmacological action and clinical practice is more, but the research of relevant its culture technique report is less, the article of " rural area practical technique " 2006 the 12nd interim one piece " teasel root cultivation technical specification " by name has briefly introduced teasel root and culture technique thereof, and its a kind of high-yield culture technique introduced in the article of " modern agriculture science and technology " 2007 the 23rd interim one piece " teasel high-yield culture technique " by name, but the technical scheme about the kind method for planting of teasel root of these articles record is all owed standard, the correlation step operability is not strong, as the accurate consumption of fertilizer and fertilization time etc. when applying fertilizer, actual wayward operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of teasel root, this invention provides the cultivation method of the teasel root of the ripe standard of a cover.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of cultivation method of teasel root is characterized in that: it comprises reasonable choosing ground, whole ground, grows seedlings, transplanting, field management; Described transplanting is to select for use any one seedling that satisfies proterties described in the following table to transplant:
| Different seedlings | Reed is nose heave (g) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root heavy (g) | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| Short strong sprout | ??115.89±??14.58 | ??203.51±??14.96a | ??63.46±??5.54 | ??142.20±??12.61 | ??9.47±??2.36 | ??2.33±??0.19 | ??17.01±??0.88 | ??23.85±??1.36 |
| Elongated seedling | ??113.80±??22.64 | ??190.78±??17.24ab | ??65.20±??8.14 | ??128.23±??11.29 | ??9.20±??1.48 | ??2.20±??0.20 | ??17.68±??0.55 | ??22.02±??1.25 |
| General seedling | ??61.23±??11.06 | ??151.85±??15.46b | ??64.91±??5.33 | ??112.84±??13.74 | ??5.93±??0.69 | ??1.87±??0.24 | ??18.87±??0.96 | ??22.78±??0.92 |
In conjunction with the good condition of seedling early growth proterties, preferentially select short strong sprout for use in the above-mentioned transplanting process.
In the above-mentioned transplanting process, planting density is undertaken by the seeding row spacing of 20～60cm * 20～60cm, and preferred planting density is undertaken by the seeding row spacing of 30～40cm * 30～40cm.
In the above-mentioned field management process, fertilising is carried out according to the following steps: impose urea 20～25kg, superphosphate 150～200kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding in 30 days after the kind transplantation of seedlings; 7～August the animated period of growing impose urea 20～25kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg again for every mu; November, the base portion leaf began withered backwardness, imposed urea 10～15kg, potassium chloride 4～8kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000～1500kg; 1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 30～35kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg again; Fertilizer should be applied in around plant root 5～10cm; In the described field management process, implement to beat tongue 5～June and cut off scape.
Above-mentioned reasonable choosing ground, whole ground, grow seedlings, transplanting, field management, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
1) rationally selects ground
Select the above mountain area that cools of height above sea level 1000m, the soil is porous, fertile, and soil layer is deep, and the gutless sandy loam plantation of crossing teasel root of preceding stubble, and the gradient is 10～20 degree;
2) wholely
All deep plough before use with transplanting ground, every mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000kg with growing seedlings, and the leveling rake carefully; Make to level land or gentle slope wide 2～3m, the drain ditch is excavated in the high railway carriage or compartment of high 20～30cm all around;
3) grow seedlings with seed nutrition ball
1. seed selection
The teasel root seed is soaked in the clear water, removes the flat seed that swims on the water surface, will sink to water-bed full seed airing after, select dry granular to focus on the seed of 8～10g;
2. seed treatment
Selected seed put into sow after 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder soak 10min;
3. the nutrition ball is made
Nutrition soil is made the nutrition ball of high 6～8cm, diameter 4～5cm, after the aperture of a diameter 1～1.5cm, the degree of depth 1～1.5cm bores in nutrition ball center, neatly be placed on the seedbed again;
The composition of described nutrition soil and percentage by weight thereof are: 80～85% fine earths, 14～19% well-rotted farmyard manures, and 0.5～1% composite fertilizer or superphosphate;
4. sowing
Each nutrition ball is placed 2～3 seeds and is sowed, and after planting covers 2～3cm fine earth, and the built cover film;
5. seedling management
Keep the interior humidity of shed more than 80%, 15～25 ℃ of temperature, and guarantee that the overburden layer non-whitening is dry, after growing 2～4 true leaves, use 1 time clear liquid dung;
4) transplant
Select for use any one seedling that satisfies proterties described in the following table to transplant:
| Different seedlings | Reed is nose heave (g) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root heavy (g) | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| Short strong sprout | ??115.89±??14.58 | ??203.51±??14.96a | ??63.46±??5.54 | ??142.20±??12.61 | ??9.47±??2.36 | ??2.33±??0.19 | ??17.01±??0.88 | ??23.85±??1.36 |
| Different seedlings | Reed is nose heave (g) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root heavy (g) | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| Elongated seedling | ??113.80±??22.64 | ??190.78±??17.24ab | ??65.20±??8.14 | ??128.23±??11.29 | ??9.20±??1.48 | ??2.20±??0.20 | ??17.68±??0.55 | ??22.02±??1.25 |
| General seedling | ??61.23±??11.06 | ??151.85±??15.46b | ??64.91±??5.33 | ??112.84±??13.74 | ??5.93±??0.69 | ??1.87±??0.24 | ??18.87±??0.96 | ??22.78±??0.92 |
Planting density is pressed seeding row spacing 20～60cm * 20～60cm, the scope of preferred 30～40cm * 30～40cm, and open diameter 15～20cm, dark 10～15cm nest, will grow 2～4 true leaves, root does not stretch out the teasel root seedling of nutrition ball and puts into nest, compresses after good with earth mulch;
5) field management
1. weeding ridging
At in August, first and in June, second envelope row, all the other times cover dead leaf, straw around the teasel root plant, prevent and reduce weed growth; The ridging measure helped preserving moisture and heated, and promotes root growth in conjunction with fertilising and weeding ridging 3～4cm annual 4～October.
2. fertilising
Transplant in back 30 days and impose urea 20～25kg, superphosphate 150～200kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding; 7～August the animated period of growing impose urea 20～25kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg again for every mu; Behind the November base portion leaf drop, impose urea 10～15kg, potassium chloride 4～8kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000～1500kg; 1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 30～35kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg again; Fertilizer should be applied in around plant root 5～10cm;
3. irrigate and draining
Meeting a day drought at teasel root growth animated period, turns white when surpassing more than 5 days in the morning or pours water at dusk in soil moisture deficiency, surface; In time get rid of field ponding rainy season, no longer pours water after October, keeps field curing, in order to results;
4. beat tongue
Because 2 years living teasel roots are taken out living scape 5～June, influence the growth of teasel root root, fully supply with root in order to make nutrition, cut off scape 5～June and cut off scape.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is by each link in the teasel root cultivation method is investigated, analyzed and sums up, and adopt single-factor randomized block experiment and quadratic regression orthogonal rotational composite test to design corresponding field cultivation technical research, comprise experimental studies such as seedling raising manners test, density test, fertilizer test, seedling test.The present invention can make the about 1000～1400kg of the bright product of the teasel root medicinal part rhizome yield per mu yield in 2 years of cultivation, improves about 10～20% than the existing the highest yield per unit area of reporting.The present invention can increase the yield per unit area by a relatively large margin, increases income, to instructing and promoting the teasel root industrialized development to have very important significance.By 10 yuan of the every kg dry products of existing market valency, the per mu yield output value reaches 2000～2800 yuan approximately, increases about 500～800 yuan of the output value than existing report.And the inventive method is comprehensive strong and operate simple and easy standard, is easy to apply.
Below be each experimental study and the corresponding experiment result that the present invention carried out:
One, different seedling-cultivating method tests
Indexs such as the different seedling-cultivating method teasel root of table 1 seedling growth
| Seedling-cultivating method | Survival rate (%) | Seedling fresh weight (g) | The rate of giving money as a gift (%) | Plant height (cm) | Stem thick (mm) | The number of blade | Blade long (cm) | Petiole long (cm) | Blade wide (cm) | Root long (cm) | The fibrous root number |
| Direct sowing and seedling | ??46??Bb | ??0.37±??0.0183??Cc | ??0.15??Aa | ??1.05±??0.0853??Bb | ??1.31±??0.045??Bb | ??1.21±??0.0267??Cc | ??3.11±??0.0902??Bc | ??5.23±??0.2541??Bb | ??2.35±??0.0432??Bb | ??6.44±??0.2728??Bc | ??15.72±??0.6857??Bb |
| Broadcast sowing and grow seedlings | ??83??AaBb | ??0.86±??0.0595??Bb | ??0.17??Bb | ??1.95±??0.0777??Aa | ??1.31±??0.0531??Bb | ??1.48±??0.0597??Bb | ??3.75±??0.1973??Bb | ??5.87±??0.3517??ABb | ??3.01±??0.1681??Aa | ??7.68±??0.4893??ABb | ??16.20±??1.019??Bb |
| Seedling-cultivating method | Survival rate (%) | Seedling fresh weight (g) | The rate of giving money as a gift (%) | Plant height (cm) | Stem thick (mm) | The number of blade | Blade long (cm) | Petiole long (cm) | Blade wide (cm) | Root long (cm) | The fibrous root number |
| The nutrition ball is grown seedlings | ??86Aa | ??1.08±??0.0409??Aa | ??0.21??Aa | ??2.02±??0.0767??Aa | ??1.77±??0.0476??Aa | ??2.26±??0.0381??Aa | ??4.68±??0.2495??Aa | ??6.98±??0.3198??Aa | ??3.31±??0.1233??Aa | ??8.91±??0.4406??Aa | ??22.14±??1.0831??Aa |
Can obviously find out teasel root nutrition ball and broadcast sowing the survival rate of seedling utmost point and be significantly higher than live teasel root from table 1, almost be higher than 2 times of open field live broadcast survival rates.This be since the teasel root of open field live broadcast influenced by extraneous factor in temperature, moisture etc. bigger, and the teasel root of seedling raising and transplanting since in warm canopy conditions such as temperature, moisture more suitable, so survival rate is higher.In time, teasel root nutrition ball seedling fresh weight is obviously greater than broadcasting sowing seedling and live seedling at isometric growth.The average fresh weight ratio of nutrition ball seedling broadcasts sowing the heavy 0.22g of seedling; Than the on average heavy 0.71g of live seedling.Because nutrition ball seedling dry-matter accumulation is very fast, the rate of giving money as a gift is significantly higher than broadcasts sowing seedling and live seedling.The aerial growth situation is the most concrete, the performance the most intuitively of seedling quality, also is to weigh the most important index of speed speed of growing seedlings.Adopt nutrition ball method to grow seedlings and help the growth of teasel root seedling acrial part.Because the seedbed seedling management is meticulous, nutrition ball seedling and broadcast sowing the seedling plant height all apparently higher than live seedling, but the two does not have marked difference.On the thick index of stem, nutrition ball seedling is significantly higher than and broadcasts sowing seedling and live seedling, obviously than other seedling raising manners stalwartnesses.Because live and broadcast sowing on density all influentially, the rugosity that causes stem is much smaller than nutrition ball seedling.In phase, teasel root seedling leaf length and width, the long difference of petiole are not clearly at isometric growth.But number of blade nutrition ball seedling is significantly more than broadcasting sowing seedling and live seedling.Illustrate the nutrition ball grow seedlings the growth the most vigorous.Adopting seedling raising manners teasel root blade mainly is because nursery stage film covering high-temperature has been accelerated growth.
The different seedling-cultivating method of table 2 are to the influence of teasel root yield traits etc.
| Seedling-cultivating method | Cell production (g) | Per mu yield (kg) | Reed is nose heave (g) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root heavy (g) | Big root is rate (%) heavily | Radical | Big radical | Big root rate (%) | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| Direct sowing and seedling | 7191.00±218.43Bb | 133.03 | 55.03±5.60Bb | 136.80±9.83Bb | 47.31±5.87b | 102.13±6.84Bb | 74.66 | 5.73±0.54Bb | 1.73±0.23Bb | 30.19 | 18.43±0.99ab | 22.58±1.09 |
| The nutrition ball is grown seedlings | 10310.13±188.26Aa | 190.74 | 121.19±16.93Aa | 243.21±12.74Aa | 69.60±7.90a | 164.57±10.93Aa | 67.67 | 10.40±0.89Aa | 2.87±0.17Aa | 27.60 | 19.16±0.87a | 22.19±1.12 |
| Transplanting is grown seedlings | 7575.40±99.05Bb | 140.14 | 116.52±15.11Aa | 144.64±8.50Bb | 57.91±4.01ab | 92.33±11.42Bb | 63.83 | 8.07±1.11ABab | 2.20±0.26ABb | 27.26 | 15.74±1.16b | 20.33±1.18 |
Through variance analysis, different seedling-cultivating method are handled F=0.359＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(4,2)=5.79, P value=0.7187, F=73.408＞F between processing
0.01(4,2)=13.27, P value=0.0007, the test result is true and reliable.Nutrition ball seedling raising and transplanting output is significantly higher than seedling raising and transplanting and live processing, seedling raising and transplanting and lively do not have a significant difference, and nutrition ball seedling raising and transplanting sub-district average yield is higher by 36.10% than seedling raising and transplanting, and is higher by 43.37% than live.
Table 2 result as can be known, different types of seeding are nose heave to the teasel root reed, single-strain fresh weight, single fresh weight, big root weight, radical, big radical, root are long all remarkable or a utmost point appreciable impact.Live reed is nose heave significantly to be lower than other two processing, and nutrition ball seedling raising and transplanting reed head is heavier by 120% than live; Nutrition ball seedling raising and transplanting single-strain fresh weight is significantly higher than other two processing, and nutrition ball seedling raising and transplanting single-strain fresh weight is heavier by 77.78% than live, does not have significant difference between the live and seedling raising and transplanting; The nutrition ball single fresh weight of growing seedlings is significantly higher than live 47.11%; The big root weight that nutrition ball seedling raising and transplanting is handled, radical, big radical, root length all significantly are better than live and seedling raising and transplanting, and big root anharmonic ratio is live high by 60.78%, and is higher by 78.26% than seedling raising and transplanting; Radical is higher by 74.52% than live, and is higher by 23.91% than seedling raising and transplanting; Big radical is higher by 65.89% than live, and is higher by 30.45% than seedling raising and transplanting; Root length is higher by 21.72% than seedling raising and transplanting, but lively accounts for single-strain fresh weight ratio and big root at big root fresh weight and account for and all be higher than the nutrition ball on total radical ratio and broadcast sowing seedling raising and transplanting and handle.
Two, different seedling tests
The different seedlings of table 3 are to teasel root output and the influence of growing
| Different seedlings | Cell production (g) | Reed is nose heave | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root is heavy | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| Short strong sprout | ??6824.90±??464.29 | ??115.89±??14.58 | ??203.51±??14.96a | ??63.46±??5.54 | ??142.20±??12.61 | ??9.47±??2.36 | ??2.33±??0.19 | ??17.01±??0.88 | ??23.85±??1.36 |
| Elongated seedling | ??6967.23±??485.64 | ??113.80±??22.64 | ??190.78±??17.24ab | ??65.20±??8.14 | ??128.23±??11.29 | ??9.20±??1.48 | ??2.20±??0.20 | ??17.68±??0.55 | ??22.02±??1.25 |
| General seedling | ??7012.23±??348.66 | ??61.23±??11.06 | ??151.85±??15.46b | ??64.91±??5.33 | ??112.84±??13.74 | ??5.93±??0.69 | ??1.87±??0.24 | ??18.87±??0.96 | ??22.78±??0.92 |
Through variance analysis, different seedling quality are handled F=0.225＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(4,2)=5.79, P value=0.8083, F=0.037＜F between processing
0.05(4,2)=5.79, P value=0.9639 illustrates that the test processing does not have effect to the result.Short strong sprout, elongated seedling and general seedling do not have notable difference on output and tree characteristics, may be because teasel root is grown generally all in 2～3 years, very long growth time like this, can not cause appreciable impact in the previous actual growth of seedling difference, but good condition in conjunction with seedling early growth proterties, preferentially select short strong sprout for use, its early growth proterties is good.
Three, different densities test
Table 4 different densities is handled teasel root is grown and the influence of yield traits
| Seeding row spacing (cm) | Cell production (kg) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| ??20 | ??23.53±??0.58Aa | ??142.78±??5.47Cc | ??24.89±??1.18Bc | ??11.67±??0.88 | ??23.25±??0.72Aa | ??14.07±??0.32Bc |
| ??30 | ??21.93±??1.24Aa | ??257.44±??5.79Bb | ??30.67±??2.71Bbc | ??13.32±??1.69 | ??17.03±??1.24Bbc | ??16.39±??0.77ABb |
| ??40 | ??13.93±??0.84Bb | ??317.60±??17.24Aa | ??29.56±??2.74ABbc | ??13.89±??1.09 | ??19.29±??0.54Bb | ??15.52±??0.73Bbc |
| ??50 | ??13.50±??0.55Bb | ??293.60±??18.24ABab | ??43.44±??4.43Aa | ??10.00±??1.27 | ??17.56±??0.73Bbc | ??19.22±??1.12Aa |
| ??60 | ??6.33±??0.17Cc | ??285.09±??13.70ABab | ??35.14±??3.57ABab | ??11.89±??1.06 | ??16.12±??1.01Bc | ??16.79±??0.68ABb |
Handle F=0.1130＜F between teasel root cell production district group through the variance analysis different densities
0.05(8,2)=4.46, P value=0.1130, F=68.92＞F between processing
0.01(8,4)=3.84, P value=0.0001 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Density 20,30cm seeding row spacing are significantly higher than 40,50cm, and 40, the remarkable again high 60cm of 50cm; Seeding row spacing 20cm is than 30cm volume increase 68.91%, than 50cm volume increase 271.72%.
Density slightly all has appreciable impact to teasel root single-strain fresh weight, single fresh weight, root length and root, and the 40cm single-strain fresh weight weighs 121.67% than least density; Weigh 74.52% than the single fresh weight of 50cm; 20cm root length is longer by 20.52% than 30cm, than 50cm long 44.23%; The 40cm root is slightly thick 14.47% than 50cm, than 20cm thick 36.60%.Aspects such as comprehensive recruitment, output, excellent rate consider that the teasel root planting density is an optimum with seeding row spacing 30～40 * 30～40cm.
Four, different fertilizer test
1, urea test
2007～2008 years: establish and use urea 100g (N1), 200g (N2), 300g (N3), 400g (N4)/sub-district every year, use superphosphate 1000g simultaneously, potassium chloride 150g; 2008～2009 years: establish and use urea 100g (N1), 200g (N2), 300g (N3), 400g (N4), 500g (N5), 600g (N6)/sub-district every year, use superphosphate 1000g simultaneously, potassium chloride 200g.
Table 5 urea different disposal is grown to teasel root and the influence (example 1) of yield traits
| Handle | Cell production (kg) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| ??N1 | ??14.63±??0.23Bb | ??304.71±??28.58Bc | ??27.32±??2.16Bc | ??12.22±??1.44 | ??16.58±??0.80Ab | ??16.15±??1.30Bb |
| ??N2 | ??15.47±??0.49Bb | ??334.32±??38.74Bc | ??30.73±??3.12Bbc | ??14.11±??1.35 | ??16.73±??0.71Ab | ??15.74±??0.83Bb |
| ??N3 | ??21.40±??0.57Aa | ??424.27±??47.41ABab | ??43.98±??21.89ABab | ??12.11±??1.53 | ??18.17±??0.69Aab | ??18.17±??1.38Aa |
| ??N4 | ??22.63±??0.48Aa | ??513.12±??41.66Aa | ??47.46±??12.67Aa | ??15.11±??1.32 | ??19.82±??1.15Aa | ??19.04±??1.26Aa |
Table 6 urea different disposal is grown to teasel root and the influence (example 2) of yield traits
| Cell production (g) | Reed is nose heave | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root is heavy | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) | |
| ??N1 | ??8207.47±??804.82??Cc | ??91.50±??15.27??Bb | ??165.58±??14.55??Bd | ??59.30±??11.43??ABb | ??132.74??±17.88??ABb | ??5.40±??1.33 | ??2.60±??0.51ab | ??16.35±??1.65 | ??22.11±??1.73ab |
| ??N2 | ??8467.07±??269.41??Cc | ??149.70±??42.61??ABab | ??173.96±??14.25??Bcd | ??66.03±??8.62??ABab | ??117.18??±20.01??Bb | ??8.20±??1.83 | ??1.80±??0.20b | ??16.80±??2.09 | ??25.45±??1.19a |
| ??N3 | ??9828.40±??507.66??BCb | ??107.24±??25.20??ABb | ??247.74±??21.71??Aab | ??50.34±??9.64Bb | ??124.04??±19.45??ABb | ??8.80±??1.39 | ??2.00±??0.45ab | ??19.70±??2.00 | ??18.73±??2.10b |
| ??N4 | ??11187.13±??279.47??ABa | ??124.26±??20.66??ABb | ??231.46±??23.21??ABb | ??58.68±??8.13??ABb | ??173.50??±30.44??ABab | ??6.60±??0.81 | ??3.00±??0.32a | ??17.10±??0.83 | ??22.17±??1.78ab |
| ??N5 | ??12212.67±??693.97??Aa | ??167.02±??24.51??ABab | ??293.68±??21.15??Aa | ??99.83±??19.81??Aa | ??210.80??±20.44??Aa | ??8.80±??2.50 | ??2.20±??0.49ab | ??17.60±??0.56 | ??26.31±??3.09a |
| ??N6 | ??9392.93±??403.48??BCbc | ??217.12±??33.28Aa | ??225.76±??12.58??ABbc | ??78.23±??9.03??ABab | ??176.86??±24.90??ABab | ??5.60±??1.21 | ??2.60±??0.40ab | ??16.22±??1.04 | ??26.29±??2.09a |
Through variance analysis, F=1.437＜F between the fertile processing of example 1 different N teasel root cell production district group
0.05(6,2)=5.14, p value=0.3091, F=86.376＞F between processing
0.01(3,6)=9.78, p value=0.0001 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Handling between N3, the N4 does not have difference, and handling between N2, the N1 does not have difference yet; N4 is than N1 volume increase 54.68%.
Through variance analysis, F between example 2 teasel root cell production district groups
0.05(10,2)=4.10＜F=4.389＜F
0.01(10,2)=7.56, p value=0.0428, F=13.453＞F between processing
0.01(10,5)=5.64, p value=0.0004, handling between N4, the N5 does not have difference, and maximum output F5 is than F3 volume increase 15.82%, than minimum fertilizing amount F1 volume increase 50.78%.
The cell production result of comprehensive example 1,2 can tentatively draw and use the fertile amount of N under the two kinds of soil in WuLong fairy maiden mountain below every sub-district 500g, and output all increases with the increase of N amount, surpasses 500g and just may cause fertilizer damage.Actual production 1 year can be used urea 50～80kg for every mu, imposes urea 30～35kg in 1 year before the envelope row.
2, superphosphate test
2007～2008 years: facility superphosphate 500g (P1), 1000g (P2), 1500g (P3), 2000g (P4)/sub-district, while administrations urea 200g, potassium chloride 150g; 2008～2009 years: facility superphosphate 200g (P1), 400g (P2), 800g (P3), 1200g (P4), 1600g (P5), 2000g (P6)/sub-district, while administrations urea 200g, potassium chloride 200g.
Table 7 superphosphate different disposal is grown to teasel root and the influence (example 1) of yield traits
| Handle | Cell production (kg) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| ??P1 | ??13.20±??0.40Bb | ??284.32±??24.11Bb | ??36.87±??3.88b | ??11.78±??1.59 | ??15.54±??0.73b | ??17.50±??1.02 |
| ??P2 | ??15.60±??0.38ABa | ??314.91±??22.73ABab | ??39.35±??3.61b | ??10.00±??1.07 | ??17.00±??0.71ab | ??17.93±??0.79 |
| ??P3 | ??17.20±??1.36Aa | ??388.07±??21.96Aa | ??43.92±??4.35ab | ??13.67±??2.51 | ??18.76±??0.89a | ??18.15±??1.33 |
| ??P4 | ??16.23±??0.24Aa | ??387.01±??34.44Aa | ??51.99±??4.38a | ??12.56±??2.57 | ??17.83±??1.03ab | ??17.74±??1.01 |
Table 8 superphosphate different disposal is grown to teasel root and the influence (example 2) of yield traits
| Handle | Cell production (g) | Reed is nose heave | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root is heavy | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| ??P??1 | ??7349.65±??279.90Bc | ??109.90±??16.15ab | ??143.27±??8.78b | ??44.12±??4.81ab | ??76.14±??6.26Ab | ??8.73±??1.02 | ??2.07±??0.21A??Ba | ??16.92±??0.39ab | ??19.28±??1.07 |
| ??P??2 | ??7950.20±??929.11Bbc | ??98.86±??17.62ab | ??142.72±??13.86b | ??50.03±??3.91ab | ??88.42±??11.10A??Bb | ??7.40±??1.11 | ??1.80±??0.17A??Bab | ??18.28±??0.85ab | ??21.71±??0.81 |
| ??P??3 | ??7815.95±??694.04Bbc | ??79.99±??10.17b | ??152.29±??7.41ab | ??61.61±??11.05a | ??75.01±??10.47A??Bb | ??8.67±??0.99 | ??1.40±??0.19B??b | ??19.10±??0.89a | ??23.04±??2.26 |
| ??P??4 | ??11191.30±??281.52Aa | ??113.71±??18.85ab | ??183.88±??15.31a | ??53.85±??5.68ab | ??128.10±??16.76Aa | ??8.07±??0.61 | ??2.40±??0.25A??a | ??17.30±??0.68ab | ??21.79±??1.23 |
| ??P??5 | ??9512.75±??370.68AB??ab | ??140.50±??19.63a | ??181.36±??13.68a | ??51.89±??7.52ab | ??105.77±??9.43Bab | ??9.60±??1.05 | ??2.33±??0.23A??a | ??17.26±??1.11ab | ??22.01±??2.13 |
| ??P??6 | ??8320.80±??489.73Bbc | ??86.29±??17.95b | ??138.46±??14.95b | ??37.07±??4.06b | ??81.85±??11.2B3b | ??7.20±??0.78 | ??2.07±??0.25A??Ba | ??16.34±??1.20b | ??19.53±??1.28 |
Through variance analysis, example 1 superphosphate is handled F=4.414＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(6,2)=5.14, p value=0.0662, F=9.755＞F between processing
0.01(3,6)=9.78, p value=0.0101 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Handling between P2, P3, the P4 does not have difference, all is significantly higher than P1.P4 is than P1 volume increase 30.30%.
Through variance analysis, example 2 superphosphate are handled F=0.247＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(15,3)=3.29, p value=0.862, F=5.682＞F between processing
0.01(15,5)=4.56, p value=0.0039 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Handling between P4, the P5 does not have difference, and processing P5, P6, P3, P2, P1 do not have significant difference substantially.Maximum output P4 is than P1 volume increase 15.82%.
Comprehensive example 1,2 cell production results can tentatively draw under the two kinds of soil in WuLong fairy maiden mountain and use the superphosphate amount below every sub-district 1500g, and output all increases with the increase of superphosphate amount of application, surpass 1500g and just may cause the underproduction.Actual production can be used superphosphate 150～200kg for every mu.
3, potassium chloride test
2007～2008 years: establish annual application of potash fertilizer 50g (K1), 100g (K2), 200g (K3), 300g (K4)/sub-district, use superphosphate 1000g simultaneously, urea 200g; 2008～2009 years: establish annual application of potash fertilizer 50g (K1), 100g (K2), 150g (K3), 200g (K4), 250g (K5), 300g (K6)/sub-district, use superphosphate 1000g simultaneously, urea 200g.
Table 9 potassium chloride different disposal is grown to teasel root and the influence (example 1) of yield traits
| Handle | Cell production (kg) | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| ??K1 | ??16.97±0.24Bc | ??332.50±??10.90 | ??34.49±??4.50 | ??10.78±0.85 | ??18.04±??1.08 | ??18.10±0.65 |
| ??K2 | ??21.77±0.37Aa | ??355.91±??30.33 | ??47.55±??7.25 | ??10.78±0.85 | ??17.39±??0.56 | ??16.81±0.78 |
| ??K3 | ??20.20±0.87Aab | ??300.57±??28.86 | ??37.18±??4.17 | ??12.11±1.53 | ??17.59±??1.07 | ??16.12±1.01 |
| ??K4 | ??19.00±0.32ABbc | ??309.02±??18.90 | ??41.02±??5.22 | ??15.11±1.32 | ??17.92±??1.45 | ??18.81±0.93 |
Table 10 potassium chloride different disposal is grown to teasel root and the influence (example 2) of yield traits
| Handle | Cell production (g) | Reed is nose heave | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root is heavy | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) |
| ??K1 | ??9668.55±??202.54Bb | ??82.98±??10.40b | ??126.25±??7.05b | ??37.88±??2.89 | ??75.07±??5.04ab | ??9.60±??0.87 | ??2.07±??0.15 | ??17.79±??1.08 | ??19.60±??0.92abc |
| ??K2 | ??9688.50±??550.25Bb | ??105.95±??11.29ab | ??132.90±??7.08ab | ??50.60±??7.28 | ??78.67±??5.69ab | ??8.13±??0.65 | ??1.87±??0.22 | ??17.46±??1.28 | ??22.04±??2.08ab |
| ??K3 | ??10418.75±??467.23ABb | ??114.90±??16.65ab | ??145.35±??7.59ab | ??51.01±??8.80 | ??87.85±??10.02ab | ??8.80±??0.92 | ??2.13±??0.32 | ??16.43±??1.01 | ??18.18±??0.98c |
| ??K4 | ??10225.00±??448.48Bb | ??130.60±??19.73a | ??146.64±??8.05ab | ??44.38±??3.23 | ??67.71±??6.76b | ??8.07±??0.99 | ??2.27±??0.27 | ??17.58±??1.05 | ??19.80±??0.59abc |
| ??K5 | ??12756.60±??609.63Aa | ??85.48±??9.93b | ??152.23±??11.35a | ??37.20±??3.65 | ??97.11±??11.16a | ??7.67±??0.94 | ??1.87±??0.17 | ??16.74±??0.85 | ??22.96±??1.97a |
| ??K6 | ??9841.90±??934.35Bb | ??121.64±??15.85ab | ??127.71±??6.98b | ??40.82±??5.01 | ??64.83±??9.42b | ??8.07±??0.94 | ??1.67±??0.21 | ??16.42±??0.93 | ??18.60±??0.95bc |
Through variance analysis, example 1 different potassium chloride are handled F=2.191＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(6,2)=5.14, P value=0.0662, F=20.091＞F between processing
0.01(6,3)=9.78, P value=0.0016 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Handling between K2, K3 and K1, the K4 does not have difference, and K2, K3, K4 are significantly higher than K1, and K2 is than K1 volume increase 28.22%.
Through variance analysis, example 2 different potassium chloride are handled F=1.308＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(15,3)=3.29, p value=0.3085, F=4.355＞F between processing
0.01(15,5)=4.56, K value=0.012 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Handle K5 and be significantly higher than other each processing, processing K1, K2, K3, K4, K6 do not have significant difference, and maximum output K5 is than K1 volume increase 31.93%.
The cell production result of comprehensive example 1,2 can tentatively draw and use the fertile amount of K under the two kinds of soil in WuLong fairy maiden mountain below every sub-district 250g, and output all increases with the increase of K amount, surpasses 250g and just may cause fertilizer damage.Actual production 1 year can be used potassium chloride 16～28kg for every mu, imposes potassium chloride 10～15kg in 1 year before the envelope row.
Five, play the tongue test
Table 11 is beaten tongue and is handled teasel root is grown and the influence of yield traits
| Cell production (g) | Reed is nose heave | Single-strain fresh weight (g) | Single fresh weight (g) | Big root is heavy | Radical | Big radical | Root long (cm) | Root thick (mm) | |
| Normally | ??13558.18±??286.20Bc | ??112.62??±??20.15 | ??171.92±??10.4Cc | ??63.14±??8.38 | ??108.67±??12.16Bb | ??9.00±??1.30 | ??1.90±??0.23b | ??17.17±??1.22 | ??23.08±??1.34 |
| Beat tongue | ??18567.33±??671.28Aa | ??170.37??±??20.63 | ??295.76±??8.40Aa | ??62.59±??6.66 | ??168.52±??16.19Aa | ??11.90±??1.47 | ??2.80±??0.29a | ??17.64±??1.51 | ??22.95±??1.68 |
| Disbud | ??15768.41±??532.43AB??b | ??130.53??±??23.72 | ??238.01±??11.28Bb | ??76.72±??11.81 | ??157.37±??14.03A??Ba | ??8.70±??1.08 | ??2.60±??0.31ab | ??17.58±??0.97 | ??23.45±??1.27 |
Through variance analysis, difference is beaten tongue and is handled F=0.991＜F between teasel root cell production district group
0.05(4,2)=5.79, P value=0.4471, F=23.099＞F between processing
0.01(4,2)=13.27, P value=0.0063 illustrates that the test result is true and reliable.Beat tongue processing output and be significantly higher than the teasel root of plucking flower bud and normal growth, beat the tongue ratio and pluck flower bud volume increase 17.75%, than normal volume increase 36.94%.
According to table 11 result as can be known, beat tongue and pluck flower bud and handle teasel root single-strain fresh weight and big root fresh weight are had appreciable impact, beat tongue processing single-strain fresh weight ratio and pluck flower bud and handle heavyly by 24.26%, weigh 72.03% than normal growth; Big root fresh weight is also handled best to beat tongue; But play the tongue processing and pluck between the flower bud processing and do not have significant difference, weigh 55.07% and 44.81% than normal growth, this may be to make plant not enter reproductive growth owing to play the tongue processing, and also suppressed to nourish and grow, thus cause beat teasel root that tongue handles from output and big root heavily etc. the aspect all apparently higher than the teasel root of normal growth; Plucking flower bud handles owing to reduced the influence of bud and seed growth, also than normal growth teasel root output and big root fresh weight height, but, to be lower than dozen tongue at aspects such as cell production, single-strain fresh weight and big root fresh weights and handle owing to still carry out reproductive growth partly and nourish and grow.So in the teasel root actual production, play the tongue disleaf in good time, suppress nutrition and reproduction production, reduce the consumption of teasel root root nutrition, thereby improve teasel root output and excellent rate.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is specifically described; be necessary to be pointed out that at this; following examples only are used for the present invention is further detailed; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the foregoing invention content.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation method of teasel root, its step for rationally choosing ground, whole ground, grow seedlings, transplanting, field management, specifically it carries out according to the following steps:
1) rationally selects ground
Select the mountain area that cools of height above sea level 1000m, the soil is porous, fertile, the gutless sandy loam plantation of crossing teasel root of the deep and preceding stubble of soil layer, and the gradient is 10 degree;
2) wholely
All deep plough before use with transplanting ground, every mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg with growing seedlings, and the leveling rake carefully;
3) grow seedlings with seed nutrition ball
1. seed selection
The teasel root seed is soaked in the clear water, remove the flat seed that swims on the water surface need not, will sink to the seed of selecting dry granular to focus on 8g after the water-bed full seed airing and be used for sowing;
2. seed treatment
Preferred seed put into sow after 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder soak 10min;
3. the nutrition ball is made
Nutrition soil is made the nutrition ball of high 6cm, diameter 4cm, bore after a degree of depth is the aperture of 1cm in nutrition ball center with diameter 1cm wooden stick again, neatly be placed on the smooth in advance seedbed; The composition of described nutrition soil and percentage by weight thereof are: 80% fine earth, 19% well-rotted farmyard manure, and 1% composite fertilizer;
4. sowing
2 seeds of each nutrition ball are sowed.Teasel root after planting covers the 2cm fine earth, and the built cover film;
5. seedling management
Keeping the interior humidity of shed is 80%, 15 ℃ of temperature, and guarantee that the overburden layer non-whitening is dry.After growing 2 true leaves, use 1 time clear liquid dung;
4) transplant
Select for use transplant short strong sprout, the nose heave 115.89g of its reed, single-strain fresh weight 203.51g, single fresh weight 63.46g, the heavy 142.20g of big root, radical 10, big radical 2, the long 17.01cm of root, the thick 23.85mm of root;
Planting density is pressed seeding row spacing 20cm * 20cm, and opens diameter 15cm, dark 10cm nest, will grow 2 true leaves, and root does not stretch out the teasel root seedling of nutrition ball and puts into nest, firmly compresses after well with earth mulch;
5) field management
1. weeding ridging
Teasel root in August, first and in June, second leaf growth vigorous, this moment envelope row suppresses weed growth.Around all the other times can cover dead leaf, straw etc. the teasel root plant, prevent and reduce weed growth.Annual April is in conjunction with fertilising and weeding ridging 3cm.The ridging measure helps preserving moisture and heats, and promotes root growth;
2. fertilising
Transplant and imposed urea 20kg, superphosphate 150kg, potassium chloride 6kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding in back 29 days; July the animated period of growing impose urea 20kg, potassium chloride 6kg again for every mu; The withered backwardness of base portion leaf part in November imposes urea 10kg, potassium chloride 4kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000kg.1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 30kg, potassium chloride 10kg again.Fertilizer should be applied in around the plant root 5cm;
3. irrigate and draining
Meet a day drought at teasel root growth animated period, soil moisture deficiency, soil surface turn white and in time poured water in the morning above 5 days.In time get rid of field ponding rainy season, after October, keeps field curing;
4. beat tongue
Cut off scape during June.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultivation method of teasel root, its step for rationally choosing ground, whole ground, grow seedlings, transplanting, field management, specifically it carries out according to the following steps:
1) rationally selects ground
Select the mountain area that cools of height above sea level 1200m, the soil is porous, fertile, the gutless sandy loam plantation of crossing teasel root of the deep and preceding stubble of soil layer, and the gradient is advisable at 15 degree;
2) wholely
All deep plough before use with transplanting ground, every mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg with growing seedlings, and the leveling rake carefully; The level land makes wide 2m, and the drain ditch is excavated in the high railway carriage or compartment of high 21cm all around;
3) grow seedlings with seed nutrition ball;
1. seed selection
The teasel root seed is soaked in the clear water, remove the flat seed that swims on the water surface need not, will sink to the seed of selecting dry granular to focus on 9g after the water-bed full seed airing and be used for sowing;
2. seed treatment
Selected seed put into sow after 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder soak 10min;
3. the nutrition ball is made
Nutrition soil is made the nutrition ball of high 7cm, diameter 4.5cm, bore the aperture of a degree of depth 1.2cm with the wooden stick of diameter 1.2cm in nutrition ball center again after, neatly be placed on the smooth in advance seedbed; The composition of described nutrition soil and percentage by weight thereof are: 83% fine earth, 16.5% well-rotted farmyard manure, and 0.5% superphosphate;
4. sowing
3 seeds of each nutrition ball are sowed, and after planting cover the 2.5cm fine earth, and the built cover film;
5. seedling management
Keep humidity 85% in the shed, 20 ℃ of temperature, and guarantee that the overburden layer non-whitening is dry.Use clear liquid dung 1 time growing 3 true leaves;
4) transplant
Select for use elongated seedling to transplant, the nose heave 113.80g of its reed, single-strain fresh weight 190.78g, single fresh weight 65.20g, the heavy 128.23g of big root, radical 9, big radical 2, the long 18cm of root, the thick 22.02mm of root;
Planting density is pressed seeding row spacing 30cm * 30cm, and opens diameter 18cm, dark 12cm nest, will grow 3 true leaves, and root does not stretch out the teasel root seedling of nutrition ball and puts into nest, compresses after good with earth mulch;
5) field management
1. weeding ridging
Seal row in August, first and in June, second, suppress weed growth.All the other times can cover dead leaf, straw etc. around the teasel root plant, prevent and reduce weed growth.The ridging measure helped preserving moisture and heated, and promotes root growth in conjunction with fertilising and weeding ridging 3.5cm annual July;
2. fertilising
Transplant and imposed urea 22kg, superphosphate 175kg, potassium chloride 8kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding in back 25 days; August the animated period of growing impose urea 22kg, potassium chloride 8kg again for every mu; The withered backwardness of base portion leaf part in November imposes urea 13kg, potassium chloride 6kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1200kg.1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 33kg, potassium chloride 12kg again.Fertilizer should be applied in around the plant root 8cm;
3. irrigate and draining
Meet a day drought at teasel root growth animated period, soil moisture deficiency, soil surface turn white and surpass 6 days, pour water in the morning.Should in time get rid of field ponding rainy season, no longer pours water after October, keeps field curing, in order to results;
4. beat tongue
Cut off scape May.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultivation method of teasel root, its step for rationally choosing ground, whole ground, grow seedlings, transplanting, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, specifically it carries out according to the following steps:
1) rationally selects ground
Select the mountain area that cools of height above sea level 1250m, the soil is porous, fertile, the gutless sandy loam plantation of crossing teasel root of the deep and preceding stubble of soil layer, and the gradient is at 20 degree;
2) wholely
All deep plough before use with transplanting ground, every mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg with growing seedlings, and the leveling rake carefully;
3) grow seedlings with seed nutrition ball;
1. seed selection
The teasel root seed is soaked in the clear water, remove the flat seed that swims on the water surface need not, will sink to the seed of selecting dry granular to focus on 10g after the water-bed full seed airing and be used for sowing;
2. seed treatment
Selected seed put into sow after 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder soak 10min;
3. the nutrition ball is made
Nutrition soil is made the nutrition ball of high 8cm, diameter 5cm, bore the aperture of a degree of depth 1.5cm with diameter 1.5cm wooden stick in nutrition ball center again after, neatly be placed on the smooth in advance seedbed; The composition of described nutrition soil and percentage by weight thereof are: 84% fine earth, 15.4% well-rotted farmyard manure, and 0.6% composite fertilizer or superphosphate;
4. sowing
3 seeds of each nutrition ball are sowed, and after planting cover the 3cm fine earth, and the built cover film;
5. seedling management
Keep humidity 90% in the shed, 25 ℃ of temperature, and guarantee that the overburden layer non-whitening is dry.Use clear liquid dung 1 time growing 4 true leaves;
4) transplant
Select for use general seedling to transplant, the nose heave 61.23g of its reed, single-strain fresh weight 151.85g, single fresh weight 64.91g, the heavy 112.84g of big root, radical 6, big radical 2, the long 18.87cm of root, the thick 22.78mm of root;
Planting density is pressed seeding row spacing 30cm * 40cm, and opens diameter 20cm, dark 15cm nest, will grow 4 true leaves, and root does not stretch out the teasel root seedling of nutrition ball and puts into nest, compresses after good with earth mulch;
5) field management
1. weeding ridging
Teasel root in August, first and in June, second leaf growth vigorous, this moment envelope row suppresses weed growth.All the other times cover dead leaf, straw etc. around the teasel root plant, prevent and reduce weed growth.The ridging measure helped preserving moisture and heated, and promotes root growth in conjunction with fertilising and weeding ridging 4cm annual October.
2. fertilising
Transplant and imposed urea 25kg, superphosphate 200kg, potassium chloride 10kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding in back 20 days; Mid-July the animated period of growing impose urea 25kg, potassium chloride 10kg again for every mu; The withered backwardness of base portion leaf part in November imposes urea 15kg, potassium chloride 8kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1500kg.1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 35kg, potassium chloride 15kg again.Fertilizer should be applied in around the plant root 10cm.
3. irrigate and draining
Meet a day drought at teasel root growth animated period, soil moisture deficiency, soil surface turn white and surpass 7 days, pour water between the lights.Should in time get rid of field ponding rainy season, no longer pours water after October, keeps field curing, in order to results;
4. beat tongue
Cut off scape mid-May.
6) extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cultivation method of teasel root, its step for rationally choosing ground, whole ground, grow seedlings, transplanting, field management, specifically it carries out according to the following steps:
1) rationally selects ground
Select the mountain area that cools of height above sea level 1150m, the soil is porous, fertile, the gutless sandy loam plantation of crossing teasel root of the deep and preceding stubble of soil layer, and the gradient is at 18 degree;
2) wholely
All deep plough before use with transplanting ground, every mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2800kg with growing seedlings, and the leveling rake carefully; Should make wide 3m to the gentle slope, the drain ditch is excavated in the high railway carriage or compartment of high 28cm all around
3) grow seedlings with seed nutrition ball;
1. seed selection
The teasel root seed is soaked in the clear water, remove the flat seed that swims on the water surface need not, will sink to the seed of selecting dry granular to focus on 8.5g after the water-bed full seed airing and be used for sowing;
2. seed treatment
Selected seed put into sow after 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder soak 10min;
3. the nutrition ball is made
Nutrition soil is made the nutrition ball of high 7.5cm, diameter 5cm, bore the aperture of a degree of depth 1.4cm with diameter 1.4cm wooden stick in nutrition ball center again after, neatly be placed on the smooth in advance seedbed; The composition of described nutrition soil and percentage by weight thereof are: 85% fine earth, 14.2% well-rotted farmyard manure, and 0.8% composite fertilizer;
4. sowing
2 seeds of each nutrition ball are sowed, and after planting cover the 3cm fine earth, and the built cover film;
5. seedling management
Keep humidity 88% in the shed, 22 ℃ of temperature, and guarantee that the overburden layer non-whitening is dry.Use clear liquid dung 1 time growing 3 true leaves;
4) transplant
Select for use transplant short strong sprout, the nose heave 122.23g of its reed, single-strain fresh weight 215.85g, single fresh weight 67.01g, the heavy 150.44g of big root, radical 8, big radical 1, the long 17.00cm of root, the thick 24.08mm of root;
Planting density is pressed seeding row spacing 50cm * 60cm, and opens diameter 19cm, dark 14cm nest, will grow 4 true leaves, and root does not stretch out the teasel root seedling of nutrition ball and puts into nest, compresses after good with earth mulch;
5) field management
1. weeding ridging
Teasel root in August, first and in June, second leaf growth vigorous, this moment envelope row suppresses weed growth.All the other times cover dead leaf, straw etc. around the teasel root plant, prevent and reduce weed growth.The ridging measure helped preserving moisture and heated, and promotes root growth in conjunction with fertilising and weeding ridging 4cm annual August.
2. fertilising
Transplant and imposed urea 24kg, superphosphate 190kg, potassium chloride 9kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding in back 23 days; Mid-July the animated period of growing impose urea 24kg, potassium chloride 9kg again for every mu; The withered backwardness of base portion leaf part in November imposes urea 11kg, potassium chloride 7kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1350kg.1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 31kg, potassium chloride 13kg again.Fertilizer should be applied in around the plant root 6cm.
3. irrigate and draining
Meet a day drought at teasel root growth animated period, soil moisture deficiency, soil surface turn white and surpass 8 days, pour water between the lights.Should in time get rid of field ponding rainy season, no longer pours water after October, keeps field curing, in order to results;
4. beat tongue
Cut off scape mid-May.
Claims (7)
1. the cultivation method of a teasel root is characterized in that: it comprises reasonable choosing ground, whole ground, grows seedlings, transplanting, field management; Described transplanting is to select for use any one seedling that satisfies proterties described in the following table to transplant:
2. the cultivation method of teasel root as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described transplanting process, planting density is undertaken by the seeding row spacing of 20～60cm * 20～60cm.
3. the cultivation method of teasel root as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described transplanting process, planting density is undertaken by the seeding row spacing of 30～40cm * 30～40cm.
4. as the cultivation method of claim 1,2 or 3 described teasel roots, it is characterized in that: in the described field management process, fertilising is carried out according to the following steps: impose urea 20～25kg, superphosphate 150～200kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding in 30 days after the kind transplantation of seedlings; 7～August the animated period of growing impose urea 20～25kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg again for every mu; November, the base portion leaf began withered backwardness, imposed urea 10～15kg, potassium chloride 4～8kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000～1500kg; 1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 30～35kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg again; Fertilizer should be applied in around plant root 5～10cm.
5. as the cultivation method of claim 1,2 or 3 described teasel roots, it is characterized in that: in the described field management process, implement to beat tongue 5～June and cut off scape.
6. the cultivation method of teasel root as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described field management process, implement to beat tongue 5～June and cut off scape.
7. as the cultivation method of claim 1,2 or 3 described teasel roots, it is characterized in that: described reasonable choosing ground, whole ground, grow seedlings, transplanting, field management, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
1) rationally selects ground
Select the above mountain area of height above sea level 1000m, the gradient is 10～20 degree, and the gutless sandy loam plantation of crossing teasel root of preceding stubble;
2) wholely
All deep plough before use with transplanting ground, every mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000kg with growing seedlings, and leveling, rake are carefully; Make to level land or gentle slope wide 2～3m, the drain ditch is excavated in the high railway carriage or compartment of high 20～30cm all around;
3) grow seedlings with seed nutrition ball
1. seed selection
The teasel root seed is soaked in the clear water, removes the flat seed that swims on the water surface, will sink to water-bed full seed airing after, select dry granular to focus on the seed of 8～10g;
2. seed treatment
Selected seed put into sow after 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder soak 10min;
3. the nutrition ball is made
Nutrition soil is made the nutrition ball of high 6～8cm, diameter 4～5cm, after the aperture of a diameter 1～1.5cm, the degree of depth 1～1.5cm bores in nutrition ball center, neatly be placed on the seedbed again;
The composition of described nutrition soil and percentage by weight thereof are: 80～85% fine earths, 14～19% well-rotted farmyard manures, and 0.5～1% composite fertilizer or superphosphate;
4. sowing
Each nutrition ball is placed 2～3 seeds and is sowed, and after planting covers 2～3cm fine earth, and the built cover film;
5. seedling management
Keep the interior humidity of shed more than 80%, 15～25 ℃ of temperature, and guarantee that the overburden layer non-whitening is dry, after growing 2～4 true leaves, use 1 time clear liquid dung;
4) transplant
Transplant described seedling, planting density is by described seeding row spacing setting, and opens diameter 15～20cm, dark 10～15cm nest, will grow 2～4 true leaves, and root does not stretch out the teasel root seedling of nutrition ball and puts into nest, compresses after good with earth mulch;
5) field management
1. weeding ridging
Seal capable in August, first and in June, second; All the other times cover dead leaf, straw around the teasel root plant; Annual 4～October is in conjunction with fertilising and weeding ridging 3～4cm;
2. fertilising
Transplant in back 30 days and impose urea 20～25kg, superphosphate 150～200kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg in conjunction with every mu of weeding; 7～August the animated period of growing impose urea 20～25kg, potassium chloride 6～10kg again for every mu; Behind the November base portion leaf drop, impose urea 10～15kg, potassium chloride 4～8kg in conjunction with ridging, and can suitably use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000～1500kg; 1 year before envelope row every mu impose urea 30～35kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg again; Fertilizer should be applied in around plant root 5～10cm;
3. irrigate and draining
Meeting a day drought at teasel root growth animated period, turns white when surpassing more than 5 days in the morning or pours water at dusk in soil moisture deficiency, surface; In time get rid of field ponding rainy season, no longer pours water after October;
4. beat tongue
Cut off scape 5～June.
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| CN101946615A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2011-01-19 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Simple and high-efficiency crop root protecting and seedling growing method |
| CN102204463A (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2011-10-05 | 贵州同济堂制药有限公司 | Teasel root planting method |
| CN102487691A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-06-13 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Ecological planting method for himalayan teasel roots |
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| CN102487691A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-06-13 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Ecological planting method for himalayan teasel roots |
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| CN104429494A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 何勇 | Dipsacus asperoids rapid seedling method |
| CN105052661A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-11-18 | 秦道安 | Citrus planting method |
| CN106106136A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-11-16 | 陈庆福 | The raw Radix Dipsaci in Beiye, a kind of Guizhou Province and the cross mating method introducing a fine variety Radix Dipsaci |
| CN106508408A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-22 | 贵州黔安源药科技发展有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for dipsacus asperoids |
| CN109220661A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-01-18 | 玉龙县鲁甸山芸药业有限责任公司 | A kind of teasel root planting method |
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