CN105052473B - North China's spring maize substitutes the under-film drip irrigation implantation methods of the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat - Google Patents
North China's spring maize substitutes the under-film drip irrigation implantation methods of the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention provides the under-film drip irrigation implantation methods that North China's spring maize substitutes the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat, and the sowing of spring maize the middle ten days and the last ten days in April is harvested, 118 130 days breeding times at the bottom of August；Sowing jointing, the grouting stage of ripeness in spring maize respectively increases 14mm 16mm drip irrigation amount by drip irrigation, increase by 75 85mm and 55 65mm drip irrigation amount respectively by drip irrigation in elongation-heading stage, Filling stage, the main water consumption source of North China Plain spring maize is season rainfall, account for more than 80%, required man-made irrigation amount is less, and under-film drip irrigation is combined, the effect of high yield and water saving is reached, economic benefit and water resource utilization efficiency are obtained for and significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to corn planting technical field, the film of the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat is substituted more particularly, to North China's spring maize
Lower drip irrigation implantation methods.
Background technology
North China Plain water scarcity, total amount only accounts for the 7.6% of the whole nation, is only the 1/5 of the whole nation per capita.Traditional winter wheat
Multiple cropping summer corn, which yields two crops a year, to be made, because winter wheat consumes substantial amounts of agricultural water, is economized on water after drip irrigation technique is introduced in this area
Effect is not obvious, and the economic benefit of the traditional mode is not high, directly results in the grain-production water imbalance between supply and demand in the area
It is prominent.Therefore, seek new water-saving planting system and substitute the beautiful two ripe highly water intensive planting systems of wheat, as researching and solving the area
One of agricultural technology approach of water resources crisis.Spring-maize Growth phase and the Annual distribution and spatial distribution coupling of North China Plain precipitation
It is right best, and light temperature precipitation potential productivity is better than summer corn.In consideration of it, substituting the winter wheat of area with the shortening of spring maize one
The Novel planting system of multiple cropping summer corn two crops a year system, solves the problems, such as the urgent agricultural water in North China and takes into account grain peace
Entirely, it is to be worth exploitation, the approach of trial.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the under-film drip irrigation kind that North China's spring maize substitutes the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat
Plant method, the highly water intensive plantation system of the winter wheat multiple cropping summer corn two crops a year system of area is substituted with the shortening of spring maize one
Degree, reaches the effect of high yield and water saving, economic benefit and water resource utilization efficiency are obtained for and significantly improved.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
North China's spring maize substitutes the under-film drip irrigation implantation methods of the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat, including sowing, overlay film and drip irrigation zone
The step of laying, spring maize the middle ten days and the last ten days in April sowing is harvested, 118-130 days breeding time at the bottom of August；Spring maize sowing-jointing,
Grouting-stage of ripeness respectively increases 14mm-16mm drip irrigation amount by drip irrigation, leads in jointing-heading stage, heading-pustulation period
Cross drip irrigation increases 75-85mm and 55-65mm drip irrigation amount respectively.
It was found by the inventors of the present invention that the main planting system of North China is winter wheat multiple cropping summer corn 1 year two at present
The highly water intensive planting system of shortening, wherein, water consumption 450mm or so in the winter wheat time of infertility, and the rainfall in breeding time
There are 50-150mm, therefore irrigating water quality of the winter wheat consumption more than 70%, cause the grain-production water supply and demand lance of this area
Shield is protruded.Inventor has found that the soil moisture content at spring maize seedling stage, jointing stage, typhon mouthful phase and heading stage should reach respectively simultaneously
65%, 70%, 70%, 70% to maximum field capacity, the 50%-80% of North China Plain whole year rainfall concentrates on the 6-8 months,
Spring maize is very high in sowing-jointing, the water consumption in grouting-stage of ripeness and the rainfall degree of coupling, so the irrigation required supplementation with
Amount is seldom, only 15mm or so.And in jointing-heading, heading-filling stage, not only water requirement is big for spring maize, and it is to moisture
In sensitive period, it is impossible to meet water consumption demand for local rainfall, it is necessary to increases irrigation volume, respectively 75- in this two benches
85mm and 55-65mm.
In addition, traditional summer corn is sowed in mid-June, harvested at the beginning of 10 months, open country plantation, normal irrigation, breeding time 95-
100 days, spring maize of the invention extended 20 days or so relative to summer corn breeding time, and productive potentialities are big, and yield is high, dry product
Tired speed is also improved.
The plantation of spring maize is carried out using above-mentioned technical proposal so that the main water consumption source of spring maize is season rainfall,
More than 80% is accounted for, required man-made irrigation amount is less, and combines under-film drip irrigation, reach the effect of high yield and water saving.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, spring maize seed is heat resistant variety, and the pustulation period of spring maize of the invention is in inflammation
In the season of heat, heat-resist seed is being effectively ensured for yield.
The problem of easily being influenceed for the spring maize pustulation period by high temperature, inventor is to the golden sea 5 of spring maize kind, emerging beautiful 998
Experimental screening is carried out with day profit 606, contrast finds the heat resistance in gold sea 5 preferably, in grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and production
Other two kinds are superior in terms of amount, therefore, as the more preferred scheme of the present invention, selection gold is extra large No. 5 in Hebei Province
As spring maize kind, inventor has found simultaneously, and the Spring Corn Yield using golden extra large fifth-seeded harvest is high, and fringe is big, bald few.
More preferred, basked seeds before broadcasting 2-3 days, reach enhancing seed water absorbing capacity, the purpose emerged in advance, improve seed
Purity, reduces descendants's seedling, improves the regularity of seedling.
As the more preferred scheme of the present invention, before sowing, spring maize seed is coated processing, the film coated
Clothing includes the one or more in insecticide, bactericide, micro- fertilizer or auxin, to reach preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect and do sth. in advance
The effect emerged.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, using interior inserted-blade type drip irrigation pipe, dripping end flow 1.0L/h, water dropper spacing 30cm,
Paving mode is the row spring maize of one pipe of under-film drip irrigation two.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, selection physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, in fertility on, soil physical chemistry
Ploughed shallowly before the plot that character is good, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, sowing overlay film, smooth earth's surface, topsoil deep 25~30cm is conditional
Area can use rotary cultivator rotary tillage, accomplish defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, removing weeds root stubble, Land leveling, without clod ", it is overlay film, sowing wound
Make good edaphic condition.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, in addition to the step of field management, specifically：
Once, closed allround earth's surface suppresses weeds to sprinkling herbicide when corn finishes or so latter week；
Look into seedling in time after emerging and fill a vacancy, it is ensured that Miao Quan, Miao Yun, prevent being short of seedling and ridge phenomenon of breaking for more than 10cm；According to seedling
Feelings promote that weak control is prosperous, and weak seedling takes topdressing and watering based on promoting, prosperous seedling take suppression and the method such as spray plant growth inhibitor with
Based on control；
Annual total 30kg/ mus or so of amount of nitrogen, base is applied fertilizer to the subsoil during rotary tillage before broadcasting, jointing and typhon mouthful phase an animal-drawn seed plough are applied, than
Example is 2:1:2；Base applies fertilizer to the subsoil phosphorus (P before broadcasting2O5) 11.5kg/ mus or so；Potassium (K2O) 20kg/ mus or so；
Tri-leaf period to the five leaf phases prevent and treat small brown rice planthopper, with 55% thimet missible oil, every mu of 25ml or so；The nine leaf phases to 12 leaves
Phase prevents and treats corn stalk borer, with 15ml of surrounding half or so；The red spider for causing corn early ageing is had under conditions of arid, during morbidity
With AVM and each 25ml of thimet or so.
As the scheme that the present invention is optimal, spring maize substitutes the under-film drip irrigation implantation methods of the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat, including as follows
Step：
(1) seed selection and seed treatment
In Hebei Province, selection spring maize kind is extra large No. 5 for gold, is basked seeds before broadcasting 2-3 days, and processing is coated to seed；
(2) selection of land and site preparation
Select that physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, in fertility on, soil physical and chemical property is good, retain water and nutrients ability
Ploughed shallowly before strong plot, overlay film, smooth earth's surface, the deep 25~30cm of topsoil；
(3) sow
Machine sowing or double kinds of soing with a drill are used in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, makes the sowing depth consistent, reaches emerge neat purpose, line-spacing
58-62cm, spacing in the rows 26-30cm, play herbicide and spreading after broadcasting；
(4) drip irrigation zone is laid
Using systemic transferring, dripping end flow 1.0L/h, water dropper spacing 30cm, paving mode is the pipe two of under-film drip irrigation one
Row spring maize.
(5) field management
Corn should spray herbicide once when finishing or so latter week.Optional such as 2, the herbicide such as 4-D fourth fat,
Closed allround earth's surface, suppresses weeds.Because earth's surface has improving straw mulching, escalated dose is answered during spray.
Look into seedling in time after emerging and fill a vacancy, it is ensured that Miao Quan, Miao Yun, prevent being short of seedling and ridge phenomenon of breaking for more than 10cm；According to seedling
Feelings promote that weak control is prosperous, and weak seedling takes topdressing and watering based on promoting, prosperous seedling take suppression and the method such as spray plant growth inhibitor with
Based on control；
Annual total 30kg/ mus or so of amount of nitrogen, base is applied fertilizer to the subsoil during rotary tillage before broadcasting, jointing and typhon mouthful phase an animal-drawn seed plough are applied, than
Example is respectively 2:1:2；Base applies fertilizer to the subsoil phosphorus (P before broadcasting2O5) 11.5kg/ mus or so；Potassium (K2O) 20kg/ mus or so.
Tri-leaf period to the five leaf phases prevent and treat small brown rice planthopper, with 55% thimet missible oil, every mu of 25ml or so.The nine leaf phases to 12 leaves
Phase prevents and treats corn stalk borer, with 15ml of surrounding half or so.Red spider is had under conditions of arid, this can cause corn early ageing,
AVM and each 25ml of thimet or so during morbidity.
Embodiment
(1) implantation methods of spring maize：
(1) seed selection and seed treatment
In Hebei Province, selection spring maize kind is extra large No. 5 for gold, is basked seeds before broadcasting 3 days；
(2) selection of land and site preparation
Select that physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, in fertility on, soil physical and chemical property is good, retain water and nutrients ability
Ploughed shallowly before strong plot, overlay film, smooth earth's surface, the deep 25~30cm of topsoil；
(3) sow
Machine sowing was used since April 15, makes the sowing depth consistent, reaches neat purpose of emerging, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows
28cm, plays Acetochlor and the mixture of atrazine 1: 1 and spreading after broadcasting；
(4) drip irrigation zone is laid
Using systemic transferring, dripping end flow 1.0L/h, water dropper spacing 30cm, paving mode is the pipe two of under-film drip irrigation one
Row spring maize.
(5) field management
15mm drip irrigation amount is supplemented in sowing-jointing, grouting-stage of ripeness, in jointing-heading, heading-filling stage,
Supplement is 78.6mm and 60.2mm drip irrigation amount respectively.
Prophase management emphasis is to look into seedling in time after emerging and fill a vacancy, it is ensured that Miao Quan, Miao Yun, prevent being short of seedling and breaking for more than 10cm
Ridge phenomenon；Prosperous according to the weak control of growth of cereal crop seedlings rush, weak seedling takes topdressing and watering based on promoting, and prosperous seedling takes suppression and spray plant growth suppression
The methods such as preparation are based on controlling；
Annual total 30kg/ mus of amount of nitrogen, base is applied fertilizer to the subsoil during rotary tillage before broadcasting, jointing and typhon mouthful phase an animal-drawn seed plough are applied, ratio point
Wei 2:1:2；Base applies fertilizer to the subsoil phosphorus (P before broadcasting2O5) 11.5kg/ mus；Potassium (K2O) 20kg/ mus.
Spring maize Major Diseases are prevented and treated
1) maize head smut, before tri-leaf period, particularly young shoot phase infection rate is high.Can be with coating agent to seed before sowing
Processing is prevented and treated.
2) Ustilago maydis, is local infection venereal disease evil, is fallen ill successively in the whole growth course of corn.It is thoroughly clear
Except invalid body, cutting off disease knurl must be carried out in sick knurl first meeting, to prevent knurl of curing the disease it is ripe after teleutospore disperse propagation.That is,
Must in time, it is continuous, thoroughly and large area is exempted to cut off entirely.The sick knurl cut off will be taken out and be handled outside field.
Spring maize Major Pests are prevented and treated
Mythimna separata, in mid or late June, when average 10 plants of corns have armyworm 150, it is necessary to prevented and treated.With chrysanthemum esters agriculture
Medicine deinsectization, consumption is 20~30 milliliters/mu, or is sprayed with 80% 1000 times of liquid of DDT EC.
Corn borer, the time rests in horn mouth latter stage, and thousand grams/acre of BT emulsions 0.150.2 is made granule, is put into jade
In the heart page of rice or add water 30 liters and spray, or put trichogramma 1.5 ten thousand~20,000/mu, point 2 release.
Aphid, controlling aphid must be timely, especially seedling stage, can spray 1000~2000 times of Rogor and be prevented and treated.
(6) harvest
By the end of August-the beginning of September carries out spring maize harvest.
(2) implantation methods of summer corn
(1) variety selection and seed treatment
Corn seed should choose the high-grade maize kind of the resistance to dense planting with stable high yield potentiality of the suitable ecological region planting
The principle of selection, one is stable yields, and two be high yield, and three be high-quality.
Seed treatment is carried out before broadcasting, 1-2d basks seeds to corn seed before broadcasting, to improve potentiality of seed and germination percentage,
Simultaneously from the seed coat agent with bactericide and insecticide double effects, effectively to prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect and maize head smut,
Strive realizing that one broadcasts full stand.
(2) sow
Medicament should be applied in the sowing of early June to the middle ten days, before being emerged after corn seeding and carries out soil closing weeding.
Type of seeding, uses corn wide-and narrow-row cultivation technique, two kinds of sizes of usually 40+80 or 50+70 high liquid manure
Line-spacing, at seeding time with sulfenyl corn dedicated port fertilizer 127.5kg/hm2Make mouth fertilizer to apply with seed, notice that seed manure is isolated,
With unburned kind of burn seedlings.
(3) field management
1) seedling management
One is early to look into seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings, to ensure full stand.Transplanted in seedling 3-5 leaves, select strong sprout, band wet soil is integrally transplanted, lacked
Below the cave of seedling 3, in the place one or both sides that are short of seedling, the double strains of seedling are stayed.Two be thinning final singling.Between three leaves, five leaves determine, between gradation
Seedling.Thinning principle be " go it is weak stay strong, preventing or cure a disease, it is strong to stay, small to stay big, " general 6.75 ten thousand -8.25 ten thousand plants/hm that keeps a full stand of seedings2。
2) apply fertilizers scientifically Guan Shui
The seedling stage rational application of fertilizer, dressing time, general Nitrogen Top Dressing are determined after final singling to the jointing stage according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, soil fertility
150kg/hm2, three class seedlings, the plot of non-basal dressing or seed manure, low-lying moist plot and interplanting corn etc. suitably can again be chased after, promoted
Make Winter wheat, nurturing staff.
Corn ear period is that nutrient growth and reproductive growth are gone forward side by side the phase, and the infiltration rate and quantity to nutriment increase rapidly
Greatly, it is important period that corn topdresses, Nitrogen Top Dressing 300kg/hm2。
The primary management role of flower period is to create good growing environment for pollination is solid, improves plant photosynthetic efficiency,
Extend the physiologically active of root and leaf, prevent early ageing and lodging, to reach grain weight, full and high yield the purpose of grain.Therefore, Ying Qiaoshi
Granulated fertilizer, imposes around florescence in female fringe and attacks granulated fertilizer urea, 225kg/hm2, the principle that granulated fertilizer is applied is " preferably early not slow ".Plant
Long lover, take off the dark green field of light phenomenon, leaf color without early ageing can Shaoshi.If this phase, which runs into day drought, to pour water in time, field water holding
Draining is should be noted that when amount is more than 80%.
3) in good timeization is controlled
The corn typhon phase uses healthy and strong agent 150mL/hm2Field spraying complete to water 300kg, improves corn while restraining the growth of seedlings
Resistance, be favorably improved the yield of corn.
4) artificial emasculation supple-mentary pollination
Emasculation should be carried out when tassel has just been extracted out and not yet bloomed loose powder, preferably take blade out of too early, influence photosynthetic area, too late
Tassel is bloomed loose powder, influences emasculation effect, the method for typically taking interlacing emasculation.Interlacing emasculation combination artificial pollination can reduce fruit
The bald point of fringe, scarce grain, can typically increase production 10%.
(4) disease pest rat plague control
Seedling stage prevents and treats cutworm in time, with 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 2000 times of liquid after emerging, at dusk sprinkling seedling row, or
Seedling row both sides are spread on 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate sand cutting.
Corn ear period disease is mainly the diseases such as leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, brown spot, insect pest be mainly corn leaf aphids, corn borer,
The insects such as cotton sandfly worm.Leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis can dilute 500 times with 50% carbendazol wettable powder and be sprayed, and spray 750-
1050g/hm2, 7-10d sprays 1 time, even spray 2-3 times.For insect pest, typically take based on green bio prevention and control, supplemented by chemical prevention
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures, biological prevention and control can be prevented and treated using trichogramma and BT powder；Chemical control is with 3% Furadan 7.5kg/hm2, or
3% phoxim granule 15.0-22.5kg/hm2Lose the heart；With high-quality imidacloprid or Acetamiprid chemistry when ear period aphid occurs heavier
Preventing and treating 1 time.
Corn later stage aphid damage should be prevented and treated with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid sprayings in time；Protection against rodents can use
0.05% zinc phosphide poison bait, by poison bait plus a small amount of sesame oil, 2- is continuously delivered in the well mixed place for being sprinkling upon the frequent activity of mouse
3d。
(5) harvest in good time
It is the important channel for improving yield to extend the pustulation period in the corn growth later stage.Corn ear bract only forms when turning to be yellow
The 80% of yield per unit area, also 20% yield needs maturation again by 15d or so, when fruit ear bract bleach it is withered
Pine, seed milk-line disappear, seed base portion be when there is black layer, moisture content of kernels below 35% harvest corn it is optimal when
Phase.According to testing data, corn can increase 3-4g since 1d, mass of 1000 kernel to full ripe stage, is received wax ripeness every night, increase production 75-105kg/
hm2, postpone full, the uniform corn kernel harvested, granule, blighted grain and reduce, moisture content of kernels is relatively low, protein content is high, business
Moral character is good, also allows for threshing storage.
| Growth period | Water consumption | Yield | |
| Summer corn+winter wheat | 95-100d (summer corn) | 750-850mm | 500-700kg/ mus |
| Spring maize | 118-130d | 400-700mm | 750-800kg/ mus |
2 embodiments to the present invention are described in detail above, but the content is only the preferable implementation of the present invention
Example, it is impossible to be considered as the practical range for limiting the present invention.All equivalent changes made according to the present patent application scope and improvement
Deng within the patent covering scope that all should still belong to the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. North China's spring maize substitutes the under-film drip irrigation implantation methods of the beautiful yielding two crops a year of wheat,
It is characterized in that：Spring maize the middle ten days and the last ten days in April is sowed, and is harvested at the bottom of August, 118-130 days breeding time；
Respectively increase 14mm-16mm drip irrigation amount by drip irrigation in spring maize sowing-jointing, grouting-stage of ripeness, pulling out
Section-heading stage, heading-pustulation period increase 75-85mm and 55-65mm drip irrigation amount by drip irrigation respectively；Specific steps are such as
Under：
(1) seed selection and seed treatment
In Hebei Province, selection spring maize kind is extra large No. 5 for gold, sows in spring 120 days breeding times, is basked seeds before broadcasting 2-3 days, and to seed
Processing is coated, the film-coating coated includes insecticide, bactericide, micro- fertilizer or one kind in auxin or many
Kind；
(2) selection of land and site preparation
Select that physical features is flat, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, in fertility on, soil physical and chemical property is good, retain water and nutrients ability is strong
Ploughed shallowly before plot, overlay film, smooth earth's surface, the deep 25~30cm of topsoil；
(3) sow
Machine sowing or double kinds of soing with a drill are used in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, makes the sowing depth consistent, reaches neat purpose of emerging, line-spacing 58-
62cm, spacing in the rows 26-30cm, play herbicide and spreading after broadcasting；
(4) drip irrigation zone is laid
Using systemic transferring, dripping end flow 1.0L/h, water dropper spacing 30cm, paving mode is the row spring of one pipe of under-film drip irrigation two
Corn；
(5) field management
Once, closed allround earth's surface suppresses weeds to sprinkling herbicide when corn finishes or so latter week；
Look into seedling in time after emerging and fill a vacancy, it is ensured that Miao Quan, Miao Yun, prevent being short of seedling and ridge phenomenon of breaking for more than 10cm；Promoted according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings
Weak control is prosperous, and weak seedling takes topdressing and watering based on promoting, and prosperous seedling takes suppression and spray plant growth inhibitor based on controlling；
Annual total 30kg/ mus or so of amount of nitrogen, base is applied fertilizer to the subsoil during rotary tillage before broadcasting, jointing and typhon mouthful phase an animal-drawn seed plough are applied, and ratio is
2:1:2；Base applies fertilizer to the subsoil phosphorus with P before broadcasting2O5It is calculated as 11.5kg/ mus or so；Potassium is with K2O is calculated as 20kg/ mus or so；
Tri-leaf period to the five leaf phases prevent and treat small brown rice planthopper, with 55% thimet missible oil, every mu of 25ml or so；The nine leaf phases to ten two leaf stages prevent
Corn stalk borer is controlled, with 15ml of surrounding half or so；The red spider for causing corn early ageing is had under conditions of arid, used during morbidity Ah
Tie up rhzomorph and each 25ml of thimet or so.
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| CN105284394B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-01-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method |
| CN106233961A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | A kind of Citrullus vulgaris under-film drip irrigation water-saving planting method |
| CN106922351A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-07-07 | 鲍岩峰 | A kind of pepper planting method |
| CN107371687A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-24 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | A kind of smart buret reason of middle-and-low-yielding fields corn sprinkling irrigation and liquid manure optimized Control Mode |
| CN108157086A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-15 | 临泽璟褀种业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of corn water-saving planting |
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