CN116746353B - Method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer adjustment - Google Patents

Method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer adjustment Download PDF

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CN116746353B
CN116746353B CN202310835496.3A CN202310835496A CN116746353B CN 116746353 B CN116746353 B CN 116746353B CN 202310835496 A CN202310835496 A CN 202310835496A CN 116746353 B CN116746353 B CN 116746353B
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parts
fertilizer
banana
applying
field planting
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CN116746353A (en
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黄丽娜
王学萍
项再华
符天锋
赵增贤
程世敏
魏守兴
魏军亚
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Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS
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Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by utilizing fertilizer regulation, and belongs to the technical field of disease control. The method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by utilizing fertilizer regulation comprises the following steps: (1) applying a bio-organic fertilizer before banana field planting; (2) applying a compound fertilizer after banana field planting for 2-3 months; the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of proline chelate, 18-22 parts of urea, 23-28 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 25-30 parts of potassium sulfate; (3) applying a high-potassium slow release fertilizer after banana field planting for 4-5 months; (4) performing conventional field management. According to the invention, the biological organic fertilizer is applied before banana field planting, the compound fertilizer is applied after banana field planting for 2-3 months, and the high-potassium slow release fertilizer is applied after banana field planting for 4-5 months, so that the incidence rate of banana wilt is effectively reduced.

Description

Method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer adjustment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disease control, in particular to a method for controlling banana vascular wilt by utilizing fertilizer.
Background
Banana wilt, also known as panama disease, yellow disease, is a systemic disease of vascular bundles caused by infection of fusarium oxysporum, the pathogenic bacteria is fusarium oxysporum [ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cube (e.f.smith) SNYDER ET HASEN ], belongs to the genus fusarium of the order sarcodactylis, is a specialized strain of copaiba, and is a soil-dwelling bacterium. Banana fusarium wilt is facultative parasitic bacteria, has strong saprophytic capability, can survive in soil for up to 30 years, and is difficult to radically cure. At present, banana wilt is prevented and controlled mainly by methods of chemical agents, biological control, breeding of disease-resistant varieties and the like, but no specific medicine for treating the banana wilt is researched, the bred disease-resistant varieties are few, and the popularization is limited to a certain extent. The best mode for preventing and treating banana vascular wilt nowadays is to prevent and treat the banana vascular wilt (biological prevention and treatment) by a microbial agent, but the microbial agent is easy to inactivate or partially inactivate under the influence of external environment, and has short action period and not particularly ideal prevention and treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by utilizing fertilizer regulation so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
One of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: a method for controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer regulation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Applying a bio-organic fertilizer before banana field planting;
(2) Applying compound fertilizer after banana field planting for 2-3 months;
the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of proline chelate, 18-22 parts of urea, 23-28 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 25-30 parts of potassium sulfate;
the preparation method of the proline chelate comprises the following steps: 20 parts of proline is dissolved in 100 parts of water, then 2 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1 part of zinc sulfate are added and mixed uniformly, the mixture is subjected to chelation reaction for 2 hours under the conditions of 70 ℃ and 7 pH value and 50r/min stirring speed, and spray drying (the temperature of an air inlet is 250 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 100 ℃) is carried out after evaporation concentration, so that the proline chelate is obtained.
The utilization rate of the proline chelate is high, the transportation speed of nutrients in banana plants can be increased, the absorption and utilization of trace elements by banana plants can be increased, the proline content in banana plants can be increased when the banana plants are used, the activities of protective enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase are increased, the expression of genes related to potassium absorption is enhanced, the utilization rate of potassium fertilizers by banana plants is increased, and the banana plants' ability of resisting banana wilt is further improved.
(3) Applying a high-potassium slow release fertilizer after banana field planting for 4-5 months;
(4) And performing conventional field management.
Further, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of livestock manure, 10-12 parts of waste tremella culture medium, 30-40 parts of rice straw, 1-1.5 parts of compound microorganism and 3-5 parts of sodium fulvate.
The waste tremella culture medium contains more polysaccharide components, can promote the formation of plant vascular bundles, improve the capability of the vascular bundles to resist pathogenic bacterial toxin invasion, and improve the capability of banana plants to resist banana wilt.
Further, the compound microorganism comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 to 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 to 2 parts of trichoderma, 2 to 3 parts of actinomycetes, 1 to 2 parts of saccharomycetes, 2 to 3 parts of zoogloea and 4 to 6 parts of sacculus variotilis.
The sodium fulvate in the bio-organic fertilizer can adjust the pH value of soil to form a micro-environment which is beneficial to the growth and propagation of microorganisms, increase the permeability of the soil and avoid the occurrence of soil hardening.
Active substances such as subtilisin, polymyxin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of bacillus subtilis thalli have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or endogenous infected conditional pathogenic bacteria, can form beneficial bacteria at roots, and can protect plant roots from being infected by the pathogenic bacteria.
The deformation sacculus mould can promote the plant to accumulate more polysaccharide substances and improve the disease resistance of the plant.
The bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma, the actinomycetes, the saccharomycetes, the zoogloea and the deformation sacculus mildew which are rich in the biological organic fertilizer can promote the growth of crop root systems, enhance the root system absorbing and breeding capability, and achieve the effects of improving the crop yield and disease resistance.
Further, the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 1.5-2.5 kg/plant.
Further, the application method of the bio-organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: deep ploughing, digging planting holes, and applying bio-organic fertilizer in the planting holes.
Further, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50-60 kg/mu.
Further, the application method of the compound fertilizer is to be carried out by flushing with water.
Further, the application amount of the high-potassium slow release fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu.
Further, the method for applying the high-potassium slow release fertilizer is ditch application.
Further, the method further comprises paving a layer of rice straw powder at the bottom of the ditch before the slow release fertilizer is applied to the ditch Gao Jia.
A layer of rice straw powder is paved at the bottom of the ditch, so that the loss of potash fertilizer can be effectively avoided, and the utilization rate of potassium element is improved.
Further, the paving thickness of the rice straw powder is 1.0-1.2 cm.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) According to the invention, the biological organic fertilizer is applied before banana field planting, the compound fertilizer is applied after banana field planting for 2-3 months, and the high-potassium slow release fertilizer is applied after banana field planting for 4-5 months, so that the incidence rate of banana wilt is effectively reduced.
(2) The method for preventing and controlling banana vascular wilt by utilizing fertilizer regulation can realize reasonable utilization of the fertilizer, reduce the use times of the fertilizer, enable the use of the fertilizer to be matched with the nutrition requirement of bananas, and further improve the disease resistance of banana plants.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
The following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are provided
The bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and zoogloea adopted in the following examples are all commercially available.
The sacculus variotis BGCGD C is provided by plant nutrition and resource research institute of the national academy of sciences of agriculture and forestry in Beijing; the special-shaped rhizopus is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC), and the preservation number is CGMCC No.40116.
The bacillus subtilis has a bacterial content of 2.0X10 10 cfu/g, trichoderma has a bacterial content of 1.0X10 8 cfu/g, actinomycetes has a bacterial content of 3.0X10 7 cfu/g, saccharomycetes has a bacterial content of 1.0X10 8 cfu/g, zoogloea has a bacterial content of 2.0X10 7 cfu/g, sacculus variabilis has a bacterial content of 5.0X10 7 cfu/g, and rhizopus dysmorphis has a bacterial content of 5.0X10 7 cfu/g.
The high-potassium slow release fertilizer adopted in the following examples and comparative examples is a Jinzhenggao high-potassium slow release fertilizer (total fertilizer content 48%, N: P 2O5∶K2 O=14:6:40).
Example 1
A method for controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer regulation comprises the following steps:
(1) Before banana field planting (3 months, ten days), deep ploughing, digging planting holes (the length, width and depth are 40 cm), applying a bio-organic fertilizer (2.0 kg/hole) in the planting holes, and then planting (field planting) bananas (planting seedlings of 6-7 leaves of Brazil bananas), wherein the planting density is 150 plants/mu.
The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 45 parts of livestock manure, 12 parts of waste tremella culture medium, 30 parts of rice straw and 1.5 parts of compound microorganism are uniformly mixed, the water content is regulated to about 50%, fermentation stacks with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the height of 1m are piled for fermentation (the fermentation temperature is about 40 ℃), the stacks are turned once every 7 days during the fermentation period, and the fermentation is carried out for 45 days, so that the fermented fertilizer is obtained; adding 4 parts of sodium fulvate into the fermented fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of trichoderma, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of saccharomycetes, 2 parts of zoogloea and 6 parts of sacculus variabilis.
(2) After 2.5 months of field planting, the bananas are washed with water to apply compound fertilizer with the application amount of 55 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing 5 parts of proline chelate, 20 parts of urea, 25 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 28 parts of potassium sulfate, crushing to 100 meshes, spraying a starch solution with the concentration of 2wt.%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the proline chelate comprises the following steps: 20g of proline is dissolved in 100mL of water, then 2g of manganese sulfate, 3g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1g of zinc sulfate are added and mixed uniformly, the mixture is subjected to chelation reaction for 2h under the conditions of 70 ℃ and 7 pH value and 50r/min stirring speed, and spray drying (the temperature of an air inlet is 250 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 100 ℃) is carried out after evaporation concentration, so that the proline chelate is obtained.
(3) After planting bananas for 4 months, applying a high-potassium slow-release fertilizer by adopting a ditch-application mode (45 cm from the plant, ditching, the length of about 65cm and the depth of about 12 cm), paving a layer of rice straw powder (the paving thickness is 1.2cm, the grain size of the rice straw powder is 50 meshes) at the bottom of the ditch before applying the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer, then sprinkling the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer into the ditch, and then covering soil, wherein the application amount of the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer is 45 kg/mu.
(4) And performing conventional field management.
Example 2
A method for controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer regulation comprises the following steps:
(1) Before banana field planting (3 months, ten days), deep ploughing, digging planting holes (the length, width and depth are 40 cm), applying a bio-organic fertilizer (2.5 kg/hole) in the planting holes, and then planting (field planting) bananas (planting seedlings of 6-7 leaves of Brazil bananas), wherein the planting density is 150 plants/mu.
The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 40 parts of livestock manure, 10 parts of waste tremella culture medium, 40 parts of rice straw and 1 part of compound microorganism, regulating the water content to about 50%, piling up to form a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the height of 1m for fermentation (the fermentation temperature is about 40 ℃), turning over the pile once every 7d during the fermentation period, and fermenting for 45d to obtain a fermentation fertilizer; adding 3 parts of sodium fulvate into the fermented fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of trichoderma, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 1 part of saccharomycetes, 3 parts of zoogloea and 5 parts of sacculus variabilis.
(2) After 3 months of field planting of the bananas, the compound fertilizer is applied along with water, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing 4 parts of proline chelate, 22 parts of urea, 23 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 30 parts of potassium sulfate, crushing to 100 meshes, spraying a starch solution with the concentration of 2wt.%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the proline chelate comprises the following steps: 20g of proline is dissolved in 100mL of water, then 2g of manganese sulfate, 3g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1g of zinc sulfate are added and mixed uniformly, the mixture is subjected to chelation reaction for 2h under the conditions of 70 ℃ and 7 pH value and 50r/min stirring speed, and spray drying (the temperature of an air inlet is 250 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 100 ℃) is carried out after evaporation concentration, so that the proline chelate is obtained.
(3) After 5 months of field planting, applying a high-potassium slow-release fertilizer by adopting a ditch-applying mode (45 cm from the plant, ditching, the length of about 65cm and the depth of about 12 cm), paving a layer of rice straw powder (the paving thickness is 1.0cm, the grain size of the rice straw powder is 50 meshes) at the bottom of the ditch before applying the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer, then sprinkling the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer into the ditch, and then covering soil, wherein the application amount of the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
(4) And performing conventional field management.
Example 3
A method for controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer regulation comprises the following steps:
(1) Before banana field planting (3 months, ten days), deep ploughing, digging planting holes (the length, width and depth are 40 cm), applying a bio-organic fertilizer (1.5 kg/hole) in the planting holes, and then planting (field planting) bananas (planting seedlings of 6-7 leaves of Brazil bananas), wherein the planting density is 150 plants/mu.
The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 50 parts of livestock manure, 12 parts of waste tremella culture medium, 35 parts of rice straw and 1.2 parts of compound microorganism are uniformly mixed, the water content is regulated to about 50%, fermentation stacks with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the height of 1m are piled for fermentation (the fermentation temperature is about 40 ℃), the stacks are turned once every 7 days during the fermentation period, and the fermentation is carried out for 45 days, so that the fermented fertilizer is obtained; adding 5 parts of sodium fulvate into the fermented fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of trichoderma, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of saccharomycetes, 2 parts of zoogloea and 4 parts of sacculus variabilis.
(2) After banana field planting for 2 months, the compound fertilizer is applied along with water, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 60 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: 5 parts of proline chelate, 18 parts of urea, 28 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 25 parts of potassium sulfate are uniformly mixed and crushed to 100 meshes, then a starch solution with the concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed, and the mixture is granulated (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the proline chelate comprises the following steps: 20g of proline is dissolved in 100mL of water, then 2g of manganese sulfate, 3g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1g of zinc sulfate are added and mixed uniformly, the mixture is subjected to chelation reaction for 2h under the conditions of 70 ℃ and 7 pH value and 50r/min stirring speed, and spray drying (the temperature of an air inlet is 250 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 100 ℃) is carried out after evaporation concentration, so that the proline chelate is obtained.
(3) After planting bananas for 4 months, applying a high-potassium slow-release fertilizer by adopting a ditch-application mode (45 cm from the plant, ditching, the length of about 65cm and the depth of about 12 cm), paving a layer of rice straw powder (the paving thickness is 1.0cm, the grain size of the rice straw powder is 50 meshes) at the bottom of the ditch before applying the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer, then sprinkling the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer into the ditch, and then covering soil, wherein the application amount of the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer is 50 kg/mu.
(4) And performing conventional field management.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is only that the deformed saccule mold in the compound microorganism is replaced with the heteromorphic radicicol mold with equal mass parts.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that the proline chelate is replaced with glycine chelate of equal parts by mass.
The preparation method of the glycine chelate comprises the following steps: 20g of glycine is dissolved in 100mL of water, then 2g of manganese sulfate, 3g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1g of zinc sulfate are added and mixed uniformly, and the mixture is subjected to chelation reaction for 2h under the conditions of 70 ℃ and pH value of 70 and stirring rotation speed of 50r/min, and spray drying (air inlet temperature of 250 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 100 ℃) is carried out after evaporation concentration, so as to obtain glycine chelate.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is only that the waste tremella culture medium is replaced with the waste mushroom culture medium of equal mass fraction.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is only that sodium fulvate is replaced by equal parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is only that the rice straw powder in step (3) was replaced with corncob powder of equal mass fraction.
Comparative example 6
The difference with example 1 is only that the high potassium slow release fertilizer is applied 2.5 months after banana planting and the compound fertilizer is applied 4 months after banana planting.
(1) Before banana field planting (3 months, ten days), deep ploughing, digging planting holes (the length, width and depth are 40 cm), applying a bio-organic fertilizer (1.6 kg/hole) in the planting holes, and then planting (field planting) bananas (planting seedlings of 6-7 leaves of Brazil bananas), wherein the planting density is 150 plants/mu.
The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 45 parts of livestock manure, 12 parts of waste tremella culture medium, 30 parts of rice straw and 1.5 parts of compound microorganism are uniformly mixed, the water content is regulated to about 50%, fermentation stacks with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the height of 1m are piled for fermentation (the fermentation temperature is about 40 ℃), the stacks are turned once every 7 days during the fermentation period, and the fermentation is carried out for 45 days, so that the fermented fertilizer is obtained; adding 4 parts of sodium fulvate into the fermented fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of trichoderma, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of saccharomycetes, 2 parts of zoogloea and 6 parts of sacculus variabilis.
(2) After 2.5 months of field planting, applying a high-potassium slow-release fertilizer by adopting a ditch-application mode (45 cm from the plant, ditching, the length of about 65cm and the depth of about 12 cm), paving a layer of rice straw powder (the paving thickness is 1.2cm, the grain size of the rice straw powder is 50 meshes) at the bottom of the ditch before applying the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer, then sprinkling the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer in the ditch, and then covering soil, wherein the application amount of the high-potassium slow-release fertilizer is 45 kg/mu.
(3) After the bananas are planted for 4 months, the compound fertilizer is applied along with water, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 55 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing 5 parts of proline chelate, 20 parts of urea, 25 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 28 parts of potassium sulfate, crushing to 100 meshes, spraying a starch solution with the concentration of 2wt.%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the proline chelate comprises the following steps: 20g of proline is dissolved in 100mL of water, then 2g of manganese sulfate, 3g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1g of zinc sulfate are added and mixed uniformly, the mixture is subjected to chelation reaction for 2h under the conditions of 70 ℃ and 7 pH value and 50r/min stirring speed, and spray drying (the temperature of an air inlet is 250 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 100 ℃) is carried out after evaporation concentration, so that the proline chelate is obtained.
(4) And performing conventional field management.
Comparative example 7
The only difference from example 1 is that the compound fertilizer is applied 1 month after banana field planting.
Comparative example 8
The only difference from example 1 is that the high potassium slow release fertilizer was applied after 6 months of banana planting.
Effect example 1
The occurrence of banana vascular wilt in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8 was examined at 11 months of the current year of banana field planting, and the results are shown in table 1.
Judgment criteria for plant onset: the disease is generated by yellowing of the leaf at the lower part of the plant by more than 4 leaves or by cracking of more than 2 leaf sheaths at the basal part of the pseudostem by more than 10 cm.
Morbidity (%) = (number of plants to be developed/number of plants to be investigated) ×100%.
TABLE 1 morbidity
Grouping Incidence (%)
Example 1 4
Example 2 6
Example 3 4
Comparative example 1 16
Comparative example 2 22
Comparative example 3 18
Comparative example 4 10
Comparative example 5 12
Comparative example 6 30
Comparative example 7 10
Comparative example 8 14
As can be seen from Table 1, the incidence of banana vascular wilt can be significantly reduced by using the fertilizers and the fertilization methods of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for controlling banana vascular wilt by fertilizer regulation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Applying a bio-organic fertilizer before banana field planting;
The bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of livestock manure, 10-12 parts of waste tremella culture medium, 30-40 parts of rice straw, 1-1.5 parts of compound microorganism and 3-5 parts of sodium fulvate;
the compound microorganism comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of trichoderma, 2-3 parts of actinomycetes, 1-2 parts of saccharomycetes, 2-3 parts of zoogloea and 4-6 parts of sacculus variabilis;
(2) Applying compound fertilizer after banana field planting for 2-3 months;
the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of proline chelate, 18-22 parts of urea, 23-28 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 25-30 parts of potassium sulfate;
(3) Applying a high-potassium slow release fertilizer after banana field planting for 4-5 months;
(4) And performing conventional field management.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the applied bio-organic fertilizer is 1.5 to 2.5 kg/plant.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for applying a bio-organic fertilizer comprises in particular: deep ploughing, digging planting holes, and applying bio-organic fertilizer in the planting holes.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is applied in an amount of 50-60 kg/mu.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is applied by water-based application.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the high-potassium slow release fertilizer is applied in an amount of 40-50 kg/mu.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of applying the high potassium slow release fertilizer is trench application.
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