CN112723957B - Soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation microbial inoculum production, and particularly relates to a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75.5 to 80 parts of organic raw material, 16 to 21 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of zymogen agent and 2 to 3 parts of composite functional bacteria agent. The invention provides a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, which can provide medium elements (such as calcium, magnesium and silicon) which are easy to ignore in the fertilization process of farmers so as to solve the problem of 'nutrient deficiency', can also provide functional microorganisms, can realize the synergistic interaction of the microorganisms on medium and trace elements, correct the pH value of soil, improve the physical-chemical-biological properties of the soil and provide a comprehensive solution for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles, and a preparation method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation microbial inoculum production, and particularly relates to a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The prior art and the defects are as follows:
continuous cropping obstacles generally refer to the phenomenon that the growth and development of crops are poor, plant diseases and insect pests are increased, and finally, the yield of the crops is reduced and the quality of the crops is reduced by continuously planting the same crops in the same land for a plurality of years, and are one of the most serious diseases in agricultural production. The research finds that the causes of the continuous cropping obstacle mainly comprise the following reasons: firstly, when the same crop is planted for a long time, the crop prefers to absorb soil nutrients, so that the soil nutrients are unbalanced but are not supplemented in time; secondly, the soil microbial community structure is changed, namely harmful bacteria are increased, and beneficial bacteria are reduced to cause the disease of the next crop to be aggravated; thirdly, autotoxic substances secreted by the root system of the crops or in residues cause the deterioration of the environment of the root zone and inhibit the growth of the next crop, namely the allelopathy autotoxicity effect; fourthly, the problem of soil acidification or salinization.
Researches show that some functional microorganisms can well inhibit continuous cropping obstacles, for example, patent (CN 100457691C) discloses a compound microbial fertilizer for preventing and treating continuous cropping cultivation diseases and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: the composite microbial agent (10-35%), the inorganic fertilizer (5-30%) and the fertilizer substrate activated turf (60-85%), the functional bacteria are bacillus megaterium, bacillus peptoid, bacillus laterosporus, acinetobacter baumannii and the like, the inorganic fertilizer is composed of monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and the like, and the prevention and treatment effect is achieved mainly by the synergistic effect of four microbial floras. However, in the practice of agricultural production, the screening and survival conditions of functional microorganisms are harsh, and the control effects are not uniform. In addition, aiming at preferential absorption of crops, farmers apply various trace element fertilizers or adjust the soil pH value by adding some alkaline soil conditioning products (such as lime), so that diseases caused by continuous cropping can be reduced to a certain extent, but the soil structure can be damaged by simply applying lime for a long time, and soil hardening is easily caused.
In summary, the problems of the prior art in the aspect of preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles are as follows: the prior art is single, emphasizes the use of a functional microbial agent, or only considers the cooperation of the functional microbial agent and an organic fertilizer or a macroelement fertilizer, or emphasizes the adjustment of the pH value of soil, and has insufficient attention to the factor of 'nutrient deficiency' in continuous cropping obstacles.
The difficulty and significance for solving the technical problems are as follows:
therefore, based on the existing problems, the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles and the preparation method thereof have important practical significance, and can provide secondary elements (such as calcium, magnesium and silicon) which are easy to be ignored in the fertilizing process of farmers so as to solve the 'nutrient deficiency' problem, provide functional microorganisms, realize the synergistic effect of the microorganisms on the secondary and trace elements, correct the pH value of soil, improve the physical-chemical-biological properties of the soil and provide a comprehensive solution for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provide a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, which can provide secondary elements (such as calcium, magnesium and silicon) which are easy to be ignored in the fertilizing process of farmers so as to solve the 'nutrient deficiency' problem, can provide functional microorganisms, can realize the synergistic interaction of the microorganisms on the secondary and trace elements, correct the pH value of soil, improve the physical-chemical-biological properties of the soil and provide a comprehensive solution for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles, and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows:
the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
75.5 to 80 parts of organic raw material, 16 to 21 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of zymogen agent and 2 to 3 parts of composite functional bacteria agent.
The invention can also adopt the following technical scheme:
in the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the composite functional microbial inoculum comprises the following four functional microbial inocula, wherein the ratio of each microbial inoculum according to 100% of the total weight is as follows:
65-75% of bacillus subtilis;
10 to 20 percent of bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis);
5 to 10 percent of paenibacillus polymyxa (Paenibacillus ppolyyxa);
5 to 10 percent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).
In the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective live bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the paenibacillus polymyxa is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g.
In the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the fermentation microbial inoculum is mixed bacterial powder formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus oryzae according to the total weight of (3-4): (2-3): (0.1-1).
In the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is prepared from potassium-rich rock, limestone and dolomite natural minerals by a high-temperature sintering or melting method.
Can provide silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium elements for plant root system to absorb.
In the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the physicochemical property of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is SiO 2 ≥30％；CaO≥28％；K 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent; mgO is more than or equal to 4.0 percent, the weight percentage is all, and the pH value is 9.5-11.5.
In the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the organic raw materials comprise at least two or more of traditional Chinese medicine residues, biomass charcoal, cow dung, sheep dung, mushroom residues, crop straws and sawdust.
The organic raw materials are basically organic wastes, are cheap and wide in source, are suitable for being used as organic fertilizer raw materials, and are not suitable for being used as organic raw materials for all organic matters. Therefore, when the organic raw materials are selected, on one hand, the universality and the economy of the organic fertilizer source are considered, and on the other hand, the organic raw materials which can have the best effect with the microbial inoculum and the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner are found through experiments.
In the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, further, the biomass charcoal is prepared from peanut shells and corncobs according to a mass ratio of 1 to 2 at 400-500 ℃ under anaerobic conditions.
The above ingredients are known substances and are common and well-known substances in the processing of fertilizers and pesticide preparations.
A preparation method of a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles is used for preparing any one of the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of organic-inorganic composite raw material
a, crushing and screening an organic raw material, and mixing the organic raw material and a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer according to the mass ratio of (75.5-80): (16-21 parts) mixing by using a mixer;
b, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to (25-30): 1 by using urea, regulating the water content to 50-60 percent, spraying 0.5 percent of zymophyte agent, and fermenting;
c, when the middle layer fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum when turning each time, controlling the fermentation temperature at 60 +/-3 ℃, and keeping for 7 days;
d, drying the decomposed material until the water content is below 30%, crushing and screening;
(2) Preparation of soil remediation microbial inoculum
And mixing the composite functional microbial inoculum and the organic-inorganic composite raw materials in parts by weight, crushing, stirring and packaging finished products after the detection is qualified to obtain the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles.
In conclusion, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. according to the invention, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are mixed and fermented, so that on one hand, the alkaline environment brought by the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer can be weakened, and the survival and the function of functional microorganisms in the system are ensured; on the other hand, silicate bacteria, namely bacillus mucilaginosus, is particularly introduced into the fermentation microbial inoculum, so that inorganic mineral nutrients such as silicon, calcium and the like in the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer can be activated in the fermentation process and are changed into an organic state or an organic-inorganic combined state, and the organic-inorganic combined state is not easily fixed by soil and is beneficial to absorption and utilization of plants.
2. The four functional bacteria selected by the invention have different functions, and the bacillus subtilis can perform nutrition competition and space site competition with pathogenic bacteria, antagonize the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria, and can secrete various antibacterial substances such as bacteriocin and the like; the bacillus licheniformis has strong antibacterial capability, can secrete protein antibacterial substances, and particularly has good inhibition effect on fungal diseases; the paenibacillus polymyxa has the effects of preventing diseases and promoting growth, so the paenibacillus polymyxa is frequently used as a biocontrol bacterium and widely applied to agricultural production, in addition, the paenibacillus polymyxa has the capability of moving and colonizing from soil to plant roots, can provide nutrient components for host plants through the effects of fixing nitrogen and dissolving phosphorus, promotes the growth of the plants and improves the effect of resisting pathogenic microorganisms of the plants; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a bacterium with high affinity with the bacillus subtilis, and can generate a series of metabolites in the growth process of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the metabolites enable the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to widely inhibit the activity of fungi and bacteria; especially when the plant suffers mechanical damage or pathogen dip dyeing, the plant can stimulate the host to generate active oxygen substances to activate the resistance reaction of the plant, and can well prevent and treat diseases such as root rot, blight and the like. The four functional bacteria can mutually grow and co-grow in soil, especially in the rhizosphere of crops.
3. According to the invention, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the microbial agent are applied in a matched manner, the organic fertilizer is used as a carrier, and various medium trace elements contained in the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer are combined with the composite functional microbial agent, so that the purpose of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles is achieved from two aspects of supplementing deficient nutrients and antagonizing microorganisms.
4. The soil remediation microbial inoculum is safe and environment-friendly.
5. The soil restoration microbial inoculum has simple preparation process, and is suitable for large-area popularization and use in the fields of industrial production and planting of fruits, vegetables, traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like.
6. The soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles and the preparation method thereof can provide secondary elements (such as calcium, magnesium and silicon) which are easy to ignore in the fertilizing process of farmers so as to solve the problem of 'nutrient deficiency', can also provide functional microorganisms, can realize the synergistic interaction of the microorganisms on the secondary and trace elements, improve the physical-chemical-biological properties of soil and provide a comprehensive solution for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles.
7. The soil remediation microbial inoculum takes an organic fertilizer as a carrier, comprehensively inhibits crop diseases caused by continuous cropping through the synergistic effect of the compound functional microorganisms and the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, provides guarantee for the growth and nutrient absorption of crops in the whole growth period, and finally improves the yield.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are illustrated, and the following detailed descriptions are given:
the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise indicated, are commercially available: the "parts" and "%" in the following examples each represent "mass percent".
Example 1
A soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and a preparation method thereof comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass:
59 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues;
10 parts of biomass carbon;
11 parts of cow dung;
16 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer;
1 part of a zymophyte agent;
3 parts of a composite functional microbial inoculum.
The composite functional microbial inoculum consists of the following four functional microbial inocula, wherein the ratio of each strain to the total weight of 100 percent is as follows:
65% of bacillus subtilis;
bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) 16%;
paenibacillus polymyxa (Paenibacillus ppolyyxa) 10%;
9% of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).
The content of the microbial inoculum is that the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective live bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective live bacteria of the paenibacillus polymyxa is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g.
The fermentation inoculum is mixed bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus oryzae according to the bacteria content of 3.
The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is prepared from natural minerals such as potassium-rich rocks, limestone, dolomite and the like by a high-temperature sintering or melting method, and can provide silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium elements absorbed by plant roots. Wherein the physicochemical property of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is SiO 2 37％；CaO33％；K 2 6.5 percent of O; mgO4.0%, pH 11.2.
The preparation method of the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of organic-inorganic composite raw materials
a, crushing and screening an organic raw material, and mixing the organic raw material with a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer by using a mixer;
b, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30 by using urea, regulating the water content to 50-60%, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum, and fermenting;
c, when the middle layer fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning the pile for 1 time, spraying 0.5% of zymophyte agent during turning the pile, controlling the fermentation temperature at 60 +/-3 ℃, and keeping for 7 days.
And d, drying the decomposed material until the water content is below 30%, crushing and screening.
(2) Preparation of soil remediation microbial inoculum
Mixing the composite functional microbial inoculum and the organic-inorganic composite raw materials in parts by weight, detecting, crushing after qualification, stirring, and packaging finished products to obtain the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles.
TABLE 1 product index Condition
Example 2
A soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and a preparation method thereof comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass:
56.5 parts of mushroom residues;
5 parts of biomass carbon;
17 parts of pig manure;
17 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer;
2 parts of a fermentation inoculant;
2.5 parts of a composite functional microbial inoculum.
The composite functional microbial inoculum consists of the following four functional microbial inocula, wherein the ratio of each strain to the total weight of 100 percent is as follows:
67% of bacillus subtilis;
20% of bacillus licheniformis (bacillus licheniformis);
paenibacillus polymyxa (paenibacillus polymyxa) 8%;
bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) 5%.
The content of the microbial inoculum is that the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective live bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the paenibacillus polymyxa is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g.
The fermentation inoculum is mixed bacterial powder formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus oryzae according to the bacterium content of 3.
The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is prepared from natural minerals such as potassium-rich rocks, limestone, dolomite and the like by a high-temperature sintering or melting method, and can provide silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium elements absorbed by plant roots. Wherein the physicochemical property of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is SiO 2 37％；CaO33％；K 2 6.5 percent of O; mgO4.0%, pH 11.2.
The preparation method of the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of organic-inorganic composite raw materials
a, crushing and screening organic raw materials, and mixing the crushed and screened organic raw materials with a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer by using a mixer;
b, regulating the carbon nitrogen ratio to 25-30 by using urea, regulating the water content to 50-60%, spraying 0.5% of a fermentation inoculum, and fermenting;
c, when the middle layer fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning the pile for 3 times, spraying 0.5% of zymophyte agent when turning the pile each time, controlling the fermentation temperature at 60 +/-3 ℃, and keeping for 7 days.
And d, drying the decomposed material until the water content is below 30%, crushing and screening.
(2) Preparation of soil remediation microbial inoculum
Mixing the composite functional microbial inoculum and the organic-inorganic composite raw materials in parts by weight, detecting, crushing after qualification, stirring, and packaging finished products to obtain the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles.
TABLE 2 product index Condition
| Item | Product(s) | |
| Effective viable count (cfu), hundred million/g | ≥ | 2.5 |
| Available Silicon (SiO) 2 ) Content of% | ≥ | 8.8 |
| Effective calcium (CaO) content, percent | ≥ | 12 |
| Effective magnesium (MgO) content% | ≥ | 1.6 |
| Organic matter (on a dry basis)% | ≥ | 25 |
| The rate of mixed bacteria% | ≤ | 20 |
| Water content% | ≤ | 20 |
| Fineness of% | ≥ | 80 |
| pH value | 7～9 |
Example 3
A soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and a preparation method thereof comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass:
55.5 parts of corn straw;
20 parts of pig manure;
21 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer;
1.5 parts of a zymophyte agent;
2 parts of a composite functional microbial inoculum.
The composite functional microbial inoculum consists of the following four functional microbial inocula, wherein the strains are prepared according to 100 percent of the total weight:
75% of bacillus subtilis;
10% of Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis);
paenibacillus polymyxa (Paenibacillus ppolyyxa) 5%;
bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) 10%.
The content of the microbial inoculum is that the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective live bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the paenibacillus polymyxa is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g.
The fermentation inoculum is mixed bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus oryzae according to the bacterium content of 4.
The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is prepared from natural minerals such as potassium-rich rocks, limestone, dolomite and the like by a high-temperature sintering or melting method, and can provide silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium elements absorbed by plant roots. Wherein the physical and chemical properties of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer are SiO 2 37％；CaO33％；K 2 6.5 percent of O; mgO4.0%, pH 11.2.
The preparation method of the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of organic-inorganic composite raw material
a, crushing and screening an organic raw material, and mixing the organic raw material with a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer by using a mixer;
b, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30 by using urea, regulating the water content to 50-60%, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum, and fermenting;
c, when the middle layer fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning the pile for 2 times, spraying 0.5% of zymophyte agent when turning the pile each time, controlling the fermentation temperature at 60 +/-3 ℃, and keeping for 7 days.
And d, drying the decomposed material until the water content is below 30%, crushing and screening.
(2) Preparation of soil remediation microbial inoculum
And mixing the composite functional microbial inoculum and the organic-inorganic composite raw materials in parts by weight, detecting, crushing after the composite functional microbial inoculum is qualified, stirring, and packaging finished products to obtain the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles.
TABLE 3 product index Condition
| Item | Product(s) | |
| Effective viable count (cfu), hundred million/g | ≥ | 2.0 |
| Available Silicon (SiO) 2 ) Content of% | ≥ | 10 |
| Effective calcium (CaO) content, percent | ≥ | 13 |
| Effective magnesium (MgO) content% | ≥ | 1.7 |
| Organic matter (on a dry basis)% | ≥ | 24 |
| The rate of mixed bacteria% | ≤ | 20 |
| Water content% | ≤ | 20 |
| Fineness of% | ≥ | 80 |
| pH value | 7～9 |
The soil restoration microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles is used for carrying out effect tests on continuous cropping obstacles of various crops.
Test 1: shandong Zibo ginger blast test
Selecting land blocks of Zibo in Shandong for continuously planting gingers for years, and setting four treatments, each treatment being 150m 2 And an isolation line is laid in the treatment room, and the treatment comprises the following steps:
CK (habitual fertilization);
SC (customary fertilization +16 kg/mu Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer);
OM (habitual fertilization +81 kg/mu organic fertilizer +3 kg/mu composite functional microbial inoculum);
SC + OM (habitual fertilization +100 kg/mu soil remediation microbial inoculum).
Wherein the habitual fertilization: applying base fertilizer for 4 months and 5 days: 100 kg/mu of bean-cypress organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of high-N and high-K compound fertilizer; drip irrigation is carried out for 5 months and 10 days to 6 months and 15 days: 2kg/7 days of high-N and high-K water-soluble fertilizer, and flushing for about 5 times; small ridging is carried out twice in 6 months, 15 days to 7 months, 10 days, and the small ridging is respectively applied to each time: 100 kg/mu of bean-cypress organic fertilizer and 25 kg/mu of high-N and high-K compound fertilizer; and (3) largely hilling for 8 months and 1 day, applying: 100 kg/mu of bean-cypress organic fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of high-N and high-K compound fertilizer; 8, 25-10, 20 days, drip irrigation: the high N and K water soluble fertilizer is dissolved for about 12 times in 4kg/5 days. The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer corresponds to the raw material of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer in the embodiment 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is the organic raw material corresponding to the organic raw material in the embodiment 1, namely the traditional Chinese medicine residues: biomass charcoal: cow dung is prepared according to the following steps of 59:10:11 the decomposed organic fertilizer and the soil remediation microbial inoculum which are mixed and fermented are also products corresponding to the formula in the example 1.
The application effect is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 ginger blast test effect
Test 2: anhui Changfeng strawberry root rot test
Select Anhui Changfeng 4 years strawberry continuous cropping greenhouse, select 25 ridges to test in the middle of with same greenhouse, the experiment sets up 4 and handles, and every is handled and is 5 ridges, and 3 ridges are done as the isolated row between each 1 ridge on both sides and the processing, and each processing is respectively:
CK (habitual fertilization);
SC (customary fertilizer application +17 kg/mu Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer);
OM (habitual fertilization +80.5 kg/mu organic fertilizer +2.5 kg/mu composite functional microbial inoculum);
SC + OM (habitual fertilization +100 kg/mu of soil remediation microbial inoculum corresponds to the product in example 2).
Wherein the habitual fertilization: 3000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 5 kg/mu of urea, 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizers to be applied to farmlands at one time before planting, 9 kg/mu of urea and 6 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are additionally applied in the flowering period, 11 kg/mu of urea and 7 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied in the berry expanding period. The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer corresponds to the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer raw material in the embodiment 2, and the organic fertilizer corresponds to the organic raw material in the embodiment 2, namely mushroom residue: biomass charcoal: the pig manure is mixed according to the proportion of 56.5:5:17 the decomposed organic fertilizer, the composite functional microbial inoculum and the soil remediation microbial inoculum which are mixed and fermented are also products corresponding to the formula in example 2.
The effect of the application is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 strawberry root rot test effects
The final expression of the continuous cropping obstacle influences the yield and the seedling storage condition of crops, so the yield and the incidence rate can show the inhibiting effect of the product on the continuous cropping obstacle.
In addition, the soil remediation microbial inoculum provided by the invention is also tested on different crops, all selected crops are crops which are easy to cause continuous cropping obstacles, the soil remediation microbial inoculum is additionally applied to the local habitual fertilization treatment of the selected crops, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect on prevention and treatment of continuous cropping obstacles
In conclusion, the invention provides a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles, which can provide medium elements (such as calcium, magnesium and silicon) which are easy to be ignored in the fertilization process of farmers so as to solve the problem of 'element deficiency', can also provide functional microorganisms, can realize the synergistic effect of the microorganisms on medium and trace elements, can correct the pH value of soil, can improve the physical-chemical-biological properties of the soil, and can provide a comprehensive solution for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles, and a preparation method thereof.
The invention adopts silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, but silicon fertilizer, silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer, potassium-calcium fertilizer, potassium-silicon fertilizer and the like with main nutrient components of silicon, calcium and/or potassium which can be absorbed by plant roots also fall into the protection scope of the invention.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the description is only for the preferred examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles is characterized in that: the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
75.5 to 80 parts of organic raw material, 16 to 21 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of fermentation fungicide and 2 to 3 parts of composite functional fungicide;
the composite functional microbial inoculum comprises the following four functional microbial inocula, wherein the ratio of each strain to the total weight of 100 percent is as follows:
65% -75% of bacillus subtilis;
10% -20% of bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis);
paenibacillus polymyxa (paenibacillus polymyxa) 5 to 10%;
5 to 10 percent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);
the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective live bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the paenibacillus polymyxa is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; the content of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g;
the physicochemical property of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is SiO 2 ≥30%；CaO≥28%；K 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent; mgO is more than or equal to 4.0 percent and is the mass percentage;
the fermentation inoculum is mixed bacterial powder mixed by bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus oryzae according to the total weight of (3-4): (2-3): 0.1-1);
the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparation of organic-inorganic composite raw material
a, crushing and screening an organic raw material, and mixing the organic raw material and a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer according to the mass ratio of (75.5 to 80): (16-21 parts) mixing by using a mixer;
b, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to (25-30): 1 by using urea, regulating the water content to 50-60%, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum, and fermenting;
c, when the middle layer fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum when turning each time, controlling the fermentation temperature at 60 +/-3 ℃, and keeping for 7 days;
d, drying the decomposed material until the water content is below 30%, crushing and screening;
(2) Preparation of soil remediation microbial inoculum
And mixing the composite functional microbial inoculum and the organic-inorganic composite raw materials in parts by weight, crushing, stirring and packaging finished products after the detection is qualified to obtain the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles.
2. The soil remediation microbial inoculum for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein: the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is prepared from potassium-rich rock, limestone and dolomite natural minerals by a high-temperature sintering or melting method.
3. The soil remediation microbial inoculum for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein: the pH value of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is 9.5 to 11.5.
4. The soil remediation microbial inoculum for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein: the organic raw materials comprise at least two or more of traditional Chinese medicine residues, biomass charcoal, cow dung, sheep dung, mushroom residues, crop straws and sawdust.
5. The soil remediation bacterium for the control of continuous cropping disorders according to claim 4, wherein: the biomass charcoal is prepared from peanut shells and corncobs according to the mass ratio of 1 to 2 under the anaerobic condition at 400 to 500 ℃.
6. A preparation method of a soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for preparing the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles is used for preparing the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacles, which is defined by any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of organic-inorganic composite raw material
a, crushing and screening an organic raw material, and mixing the organic raw material and a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer according to the mass ratio of (75.5 to 80): (16 to 21 parts) mixing by using a mixer;
b, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to (25-30): 1 by using urea, regulating the water content to 50-60%, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum, and fermenting;
c, when the middle layer fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning, spraying 0.5% of fermentation inoculum when turning each time, controlling the fermentation temperature at 60 +/-3 ℃, and keeping for 7 days;
d, drying the decomposed material until the water content is below 30%, crushing and screening;
(2) Preparation of soil remediation microbial inoculum
And mixing the composite functional microbial inoculum and the organic-inorganic composite raw materials in parts by weight, crushing, stirring and packaging finished products after the detection is qualified to obtain the soil remediation microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles.
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