CN115491205B - Carbon-based microbial soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-based microbial soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon-based microbial soil conditioner, which comprises biomass charcoal and a mixed microbial agent loaded on the biomass charcoal, wherein the mixed microbial agent comprises fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5, and the total effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5 is more than or equal to 1.12x10 8 cfu/mL. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner and application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner in high-efficiency low-carbon planting of the reclaimed soil vegetables in the coal mining subsidence area. The carbon-based microbial soil conditioner disclosed by the invention not only can improve soil, promote vegetable growth and improve quality, but also can improve the ecological carbon sink capacity of the soil, reduce fertilizer application, and provide technical support for coping with climate change and realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, and particularly relates to a carbon-based microbial soil conditioner, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a carbon-based microbial soil conditioner for quickly recovering reclaimed soil in a coal mining subsidence area and application thereof in efficient low-carbon production of vegetables and improvement of ecological carbon sink capacity.
Background
Coal mining subsidence refers to the phenomenon of subsidence of a large amount of land caused by subsidence of overlying strata and the ground surface of coal due to underground coal mining. ChinaThe cultivated land damaged by the coal mining subsidence area reaches 90 ten thousand hm 2 More than half of the soil is in plain areas, and most of the soil is excellent cultivated land and even basic farmland. Once the cultivated lands are destroyed, the cultivated lands are difficult to recover to the previous cultivation level and fertility degree, so that the high-quality cultivated land area is drastically reduced, the grain yield is reduced, and the survival and development of human beings are seriously threatened.
The function of the mining subsidence area is recovered mainly through land reclamation aiming at the harm of the mining subsidence area at the present stage. The biological reclamation method for quickly curing and improving the soil by utilizing the decomposition characteristics of microorganisms is an activity for restoring the soil fertility and the biological production capacity, and is a key link for realizing the effective reclamation of waste lands. However, when pure free bacteria are directly applied to the soil, the number of microorganisms is rapidly reduced due to poor competition with indigenous microorganisms, poor toxicity and invasion resistance, predation by indigenous microorganisms, and the like, and thus the expected effect is not achieved. The microorganism is colonized in a limited space area by a microorganism immobilization technology, so that a proper microenvironment is provided for the microorganism, and the method is favorable for shielding malignant competition, phagocytosis and poisoning of indigenous bacteria, bacteriophage and toxic substances on the microorganism, so that the microorganism can stably exert high-efficiency performance in a complex environment and under a fierce operation condition.
Waste biomass resources, agricultural/forestry waste, kitchen waste and the like, biomass charcoal generated by medium-temperature pyrolysis has high aromaticity degree and strong stability, and can not be decomposed and utilized by microorganisms almost. In addition, the biomass charcoal has large specific surface area and developed pore structures at all levels, and provides places for the colonization of microorganisms. The large amount of microelements, ca, P, mg, si, S and the like in the biomass charcoal and a small part of amorphous carbon can be utilized by organisms, so that the activity and the propagation of microorganisms are promoted. Therefore, biomass charcoal satisfies various conditions as a carrier for highly efficient functional strains. On the other hand, after the biomass charcoal is applied into the soil, the organic matter content of the soil can be quickly improved, the carbon fixing capacity of the soil is improved, and the biomass charcoal is an important way for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization in the agricultural rural area.
At present, research on restoring the soil in the coal mining subsidence area by using the biomass charcoal load function strain and restoring the high-efficiency production function of the soil has not been reported yet. Earlier studies found that drying temperature and chemical nutrients are important factors affecting the number of viable bacteria available in carbon-based microbial soil conditioners. Therefore, the invention develops the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner for promoting the recovery and the efficient utilization of the soil in the coal mining subsidence area by adjusting the drying temperature and the addition of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers so as to improve the soil fertility and the carbon fixation and sink increasing capacity of difficult site soil in the coal mining subsidence area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to solve the technical problem that the green and efficient coal mining subsidence area carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is developed by taking bacillus with plant growth promoting function as a core and biomass carbon prepared by pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry waste as a carrier.
The invention also solves the technical problem of providing a preparation method of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner.
The invention finally solves the technical problem of providing the application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner in the efficient low-carbon planting of the reclaimed soil vegetables in the coal mining subsidence area.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a carbon-based microbial soil conditioner, which comprises biomass charcoal and a mixed microbial agent loaded on the biomass charcoal, wherein the mixed microbial agent comprises fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5, and the total effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5 is more than or equal to 1.12x10 8 cfu/mL。
Wherein the biomass charcoal comprises one or more of corn stalk charcoal, garden waste charcoal, turf grass charcoal and kitchen waste charcoal.
The carbon-based microbial soil conditioner comprises, by mass, 30% -60% of biomass carbon, 20% -30% of mixed microbial agents, 2% -5% of trehalose, 10% -30% of bentonite, 3% -5% of gypsum and the balance of water.
The carbon-based microbial soil conditioner further comprises available nutrients, wherein the available nutrients are one or more of nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds or potassium-containing compounds.
Preferably, the available nutrient addition is no more than 8%, where N is no more than 4%, and P and K are no more than 2%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation of biomass charcoal: collecting one or more of corn straw, garden waste, residual grass or kitchen waste, and airing and carbonizing to prepare biomass charcoal;
2) Preparation of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner: mixing biomass charcoal, mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5, trehalose, bentonite, gypsum, water and/or available nutrients, granulating, drying and shaping.
Wherein, the final carbonization temperature of the biomass charcoal preparation in the step 1) is 300-600 ℃, and the corn stalk charcoal, garden waste charcoal, lawn grass charcoal and kitchen waste charcoal are obtained by natural cooling.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal prepared at the final carbonization temperature of 500 ℃ has better indexes.
Wherein, the granulation step in the step 2) is as follows: the angle of the disc is adjusted to 50-60 degrees, the machine is started, the rotating speed is adjusted to 5-10 r/min, and atomized water is sprayed while rotating; after all the components are soaked, the rotating speed is regulated to 45-60 r/min, and atomized water vapor is rapidly sprayed; stopping spraying atomized water when particles with the diameter of 0.5-1 mm are generated, adjusting the rotating speed to 90-100 r/min, and rapidly rotating until the particles are in a shape with the diameter of 1-3.5 mm.
Wherein the drying and shaping temperature in the step 2) is set to be 30-50 ℃ and the drying and shaping time is set to be 0-8 h.
Preferably, the drying temperature at which the char-based soil conditioner sets should not be higher than 40 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner in vegetable planting.
Wherein the application amount of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is 2 g/kg-6 g/kg of soil.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the biomass charcoal prepared from agricultural and forestry kitchen wastes such as corn stalks is combined with the bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens which are plant growth promoting bacteria separated and purified by the experiment, and the biomass charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner is provided. The application of the biomass charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner can improve the organic carbon content and the nutrient content of the reclaimed soil in the coal mining subsidence area. Compared with untreated blank control, when the application amount of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is 6g/kg, the organic matter content of the soil is increased by 30%, the total Nutrient (NPK) is increased by 14%, and the available nutrient is increased by about 64%; the application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner can increase the biomass of green vegetables by 4.9 times, increase the Vc content by 63% and reduce the nitrate content by 16%. The improvement effect of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is far higher than that of applying compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer.
2. The carbon-based microbial soil conditioner disclosed by the invention not only can improve soil, promote vegetable growth and improve quality, but also can improve the ecological carbon sink capacity of the soil, reduce fertilizer application, and provide technical support for coping with climate change and realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different drying set times and temperatures on the bacterial activity of carbon-based microbial soil conditioners;
FIG. 2 is the effect of available nutrient addition on bacterial activity of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner;
FIG. 3 is the effect of char-based microbial soil conditioner on petiolus yellow biomass;
FIG. 4 is the effect of char-based microbial soil conditioner on the quality of petiole yellow;
FIG. 5 is a graph of green biomass from different treatment cells;
figure 6 is the nitrate, soluble sugar, soluble protein and Vc content of green vegetables in different treatment cells.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail by way of the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 used in the invention has the strain preservation number of: CGMCC No.19564, the preservation number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is: CGMCC No.20008.
The biological organic fertilizer soil conditioner used in the invention is Guoguang vitality source CG (produced by Sichuan Guoguang chemical Co., ltd.).
Example 1: preparation and Properties of Biomass charcoal
And respectively airing the collected corn stalks, garden waste (pruned branches, leaves and the like), residual grass (grass pruned on lawns) and kitchen waste, weighing, loading into a custom-made metal tank, compacting, placing into a muffle furnace, and preparing biomass charcoal by adopting a thermal cracking process.
The specific preparation method of biomass charcoal under different conditions and with different raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) biomass charcoal prepared under different heating procedures: taking corn straw as a raw material, setting the initial furnace temperature at room temperature, setting the programmed temperature to be 10 ℃/min, 30 ℃/min and 50 ℃/min respectively, naturally cooling at the final carbonization temperature of 500 ℃, and discharging to obtain the corn straw charcoal MBC500-10, MBC500-30 and MBC500-50 with the carbonization temperature of 500 ℃ at different heating rates.
(2) Biomass charcoal prepared at different temperatures: taking corn straw as a raw material, wherein the initial furnace temperature is room temperature, the programmed temperature is 10 ℃/min, the final carbonization temperature is 300 ℃,400 ℃,500 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the carbonization residence time is 2h when the final carbonization temperature is 300 ℃; the residence time at the other temperatures was 1h. Naturally cooling and discharging to obtain the corn straw charcoal MBC300, MBC400, MBC500 and MBC600 with different carbonization temperatures.
(3) Biomass charcoal prepared from different raw materials: respectively taking garden plants, branches, leaves and other wastes, residual grass (grass trimming on lawns) and kitchen waste as raw materials to prepare the biomass charcoal with the final carbonization temperature of 500 ℃. The initial furnace temperature is room temperature, the programmed temperature is 10 ℃/min, the final carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, and the carbonization residence time is 1h. And discharging after natural cooling to obtain garden waste carbon (GWBC), turf grass carbon (GBC) and kitchen waste carbon (KWBC).
Determination of properties of biomass charcoal: the discharged biomass charcoal was weighed and the yield was calculated. The content of organic carbon in biomass charcoal is determined by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nutrient is determined by adopting a sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion method to digest, the total nitrogen is determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, the total phosphorus is determined by a vanadium molybdenum yellow method, and the total potassium is determined by a flame photometry method. The content of available phosphorus in the biomass charcoal is measured by a sodium bicarbonate method, and the content of quick-acting potassium is measured by an ammonium acetate extraction method.
The results of measuring the properties of biomass charcoal prepared under different conditions are shown in table 1, and the results show that the heating rate has no obvious influence on the yield of corn straw charcoal and the like. Biomass char is primarily affected by the final carbonization temperature. As the final carbonization temperature increases, the yield of biomass char decreases and the carbon sequestration, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content increases. The carbonization temperature is 300-400 ℃, the organic carbon content increases with the temperature rise, and no obvious difference exists between 400-600 ℃. Notably, the content of available phosphorus in biomass charcoal is significantly higher at a final carbonization temperature of 500 ℃. In conclusion, various indexes of the biomass charcoal prepared at 500 ℃ are good. The biomass charcoal prepared from different raw materials at 500 ℃ has slightly different properties, but basically maintains the yield at 33% -45%, has high organic carbon content, average 400-700 mg/kg and contains more N, P, K nutrients, and is suitable for being used as a preparation raw material of a soil conditioner.
TABLE 1 different temperatures and raw material pyrolysis biomass charcoal basic Properties
Example 2: preparation of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner formula
In the embodiment, in the experimental process of screening the optimal carbon-based microbial soil conditioner formula, the screening work of components is performed, specifically:
corn stalk charcoal, trehalose (bacterial retention agent), bentonite (adhesive) and gypsum (setting agent) are respectively mixed with the following components in volume ratio of 1:1 (effective viable count 1).12×10 8 cfu/mL) are mixed according to the following mass ratio: (1) 60 percent of corn stalk charcoal, 30 percent of microbial inoculum and 10 percent of water; (2) corn stalk charcoal 55% + microbial inoculum 30% + trehalose 5% + water 10%; (3) 55% of corn stalk charcoal, 30% of microbial inoculum, 5% of humic acid and 10% of water; (4) 45% of corn stalk charcoal, 30% of microbial inoculum, 2% of trehalose, 13% of bentonite and 10% of water; (5) 45% of corn stalk charcoal, 30% of microbial inoculum, 2% of trehalose, 13% of kaolin and 10% of water; (6) 30% of corn stalk charcoal, 30% of microbial inoculum, 2% of trehalose, 25% of bentonite, 3% of gypsum and 10% of water. Then transferring into a self-sealing bag, and measuring the effective viable count of the bacteria on 1 day, 7 days, 30 days and 180 days respectively. Determination of the number of effective viable bacteria the results of line (6) were shown in Table 2, following the method for determining the number of effective viable bacteria specified in microbial fertilizer product inspection protocol NY/T2321-2013.
In the component experiments mixed according to the proportion (1), the biomass charcoal has no obvious toxic effect on bacteria and can be used as a carrier of the bacteria. However, over time, the nutrients in the corn stover char are gradually consumed by the bacteria, and the effective viable count of the bacteria is slightly reduced at 180 days. As can be seen from the component experiments of the mixture of the proportion (2) and the proportion (3), the trehalose in the component experiments of the mixture of the proportion (2) can protect bacteria, so that the effective viable count of the bacteria is increased by about 20 percent (180 d). Therefore, trehalose can be used as a bacterial preservative. Humic acid is not beneficial to the growth and propagation of bacteria, and can not be used as a bacterial retention agent. From experiments with the components mixed in proportions (4) and (5), it can be seen that, compared with 1: clay mineral kaolin 1, 2: when the type 1 clay mineral bentonite is used as a binder, the bacterial reproduction can be promoted. As can be seen from the experiments of the components mixed according to the proportion (6), the gypsum has no toxic or harmful effect on bacteria and can be used as a sizing agent in the granulation of products.
Thus, the main components of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner are biomass charcoal, functional bacteria, trehalose, bentonite and gypsum. The porous structure of the biomass charcoal provides a place for bacterial growth and reproduction, and the amorphous carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like contained in the biomass charcoal provide carbon sources and mineral nutrients for bacterial growth and reproduction, so that the biomass charcoal can be used as a carrier of functional bacteria; trehalose has the function of protecting the bacterial agent and is used as the bacterial agent; bentonite is mainly used as an adhesive and is beneficial to bacterial growth and reproduction; gypsum is used as a granulating and shaping agent.
TABLE 2 Effect of different formulations on the effective viable count of bacteria
EXAMPLE 3 Effect of drying set time and temperature on the viable count of carbon-based soil conditioner
In this example, on the basis of the formulation (6) of example 2, the carbon-based soil conditioner was subjected to drying and setting time and temperature screening. The specific operation is as follows:
(1) Formulation of
Corn stalk charcoal 50%, volume ratio 1:1 with bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5: 20% (effective viable count 1.59X10) 8 cfu/mL), trehalose 5%, bentonite 12%, gypsum 3% and water 10%.
(2) Granulating
The raw materials are uniformly mixed according to the formula proportion and transferred into a disc granulator. The angle of the disc is adjusted to 50-60 degrees, and the machine is started. Slowly rotating for 10r/min, and spraying atomized water while rotating; after all the components are soaked (loose and dark black powder), the rotating speed is regulated to about 60r/min, and atomized water vapor is rapidly sprayed; spraying atomized water is stopped when a large number of fine particles (0.5-1 mm) are generated in the observation disc, the rotating speed is adjusted to 90r/min, the rotation is fast, and the spraying is stopped when the particles are 1-3.5 mm.
(3) Drying and shaping
Transferring the granulated carbon-based soil conditioner into a tray, uniformly spreading out, and drying in an oven. The drying temperature was set at 30 ℃,40 ℃,50 ℃, and the drying time was set at 0, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 hours. And after drying, sieving, and keeping the particle size of 1-3.5 mm.
(4) Determination of the number of viable bacteria
The method is carried out according to the method for measuring the effective viable count specified in the microbial fertilizer product inspection protocol NY/T2321-2013.
(5) Results
The effective viable count of the carbon-based soil conditioner is shown in figure 1, and when the shaping and drying temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, the drying time has no obvious influence on the survival of bacteria; at a setting drying temperature of 50 ℃, bacterial death may occur during the drying process. Thus, the drying temperature should not be higher than 40 ℃ when the carbon-based soil conditioner is set.
Example 4: effect of available nutrient addition on charcoal-based soil conditioner
(1) Formulation of
The raw material components are as follows: corn stalk charcoal, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation broth (volume ratio 1:1, effective viable count 1.59X10 8 cfu/mL), trehalose, bentonite, gypsum. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are replaced by urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. Wherein the effective nutrients of the formulas (1) - (3) are N, the contents of which are respectively 6%, 4% and 2%, and the ratio of the effective nutrients to urea is respectively 13%, 9% and 5%; the effective nutrients of the formulas (4) - (6) are mainly P 2 O 5 The contents of the components are 6%, 4% and 2%, respectively, which are 10%, 7% and 3% of monoammonium phosphate respectively; the available nutrient of formulas (7) - (9) is K 2 The contents of O are 6%, 4% and 2%, respectively, and the proportions of O in terms of potassium sulfate are 12%, 8% and 4%, respectively. The specific proportions of the components are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 ratio of components of different nutrient additions in carbon-based soil conditioner
(2) Granulating
The procedure of (2) in example 3 was followed.
(3) Drying and shaping
Transferring the granulated carbon-based soil conditioner into a tray, uniformly spreading out, and drying at 40 ℃ for 2 hours. And after drying, sieving, and keeping the particle size of 1-3.5 mm.
(4) Determination of the number of viable bacteria
The method is carried out according to the method for measuring the effective viable count specified in the microbial fertilizer product inspection protocol NY/T2321-2013. The specific method is the same as in (4) in example 3.
(5) Results
The effect of chemical nutrient addition on the number of viable bacteria is shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen that the addition of high concentrations of chemical nutrients may lead to bacterial death. Only at low concentrations, i.e. at N of 4% or less and P and K of 2% or less, the chemical nutrient addition has no significant effect on the survival of the bacteria. Thus, in the formulation of carbon-based microbial soil conditioners, the addition of available nutrients is preferably no more than 8%, where N is no more than 4%, and P and K are no more than 2%.
Example 5: preparation of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner
Corn stalk charcoal 35%, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation broth (volume ratio 1:1, effective viable count 1.74×10) 8 cfu/mL) 20%, trehalose 5%, urea 8%, monoammonium phosphate 3%, potassium sulfate 4%, bentonite 12%, gypsum 3%, water 10%.
After pelleting, drying and shaping according to the methods (2) and (3) in example 4, the number of effective viable bacteria, organic matter content, moisture, pH, fecal coliform number, ascarid egg mortality, as and other harmful metal content in the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner were detected according to the methods specified in NY/T2321-2013, NY/T798-2004 and NY/T1978-2010.
The result shows that the effective viable count of the carbon-based microorganism soil conditioner is 3.75X10 7 cfu/g, organic matter content of 458g/kg, water content of 11.8%, pH of 6.87, coliform group number of faeces of 0, death rate of ascarid egg of 100%, and contents of heavy metals As, cd, pb, cr and Hg of less than 0.01mg/kg.
Example 6: soil improvement effect of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner on coal mining subsidence area
(1) Potting test
The soil sample to be tested is taken fromSurrounding soil of a coal mining subsidence area in Xu Zhoushi Gu Wangou Jiangsu province; the vegetable to be tested is petiolus yellow, purchased from seed store of agricultural science institute of Jiangsu province. The test is provided with 5 treatments in total, and the treatment 1 is a non-fertilizing Control (CK); treatment 2 is a fertilizer (CF) control, the fertilizer used is a Schdanli compound fertilizer, and the nutrient content is N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=15:15:15, the fertilization amount is 0.8g/kg soil recommended by manufacturers; treatments 3-5 were carbon-based microbial soil conditioner of example 5, wherein treatment 3 (BMF 2) was applied at 2g/kg soil (2%o); treatment 4 (BMF 4) was applied at 4g/kg soil (4%; treatment 5 (BMF 6) was applied at 6g/kg soil (6%o, available nutrients equivalent to treatment 2). The pot vessel was a 150mm x 125mm (upper caliber x height) plastic pot, each pot containing 1.0kg of air-dried soil. Uniformly mixing the fertilizer/carbon-based microbial soil conditioner with soil according to the application amount treated by the method, filling the mixture into a basin, and watering the mixture thoroughly before sowing. Seeds with sprouted and white are sown into the pots, and 6 seeds are sown in each pot. The soil is kept moist before seeding until seedling emergence, water is poured once 2-3 days after seedling emergence, and the maximum field water holding capacity is kept at 40%. And (3) thinning out when 2-3 true leaves grow, keeping 2 plants in each pot at a distance of 3-4cm, and watering for 1 time after thinning out the seedlings. After 40 days, soil and plant samples were collected. And measuring the physical and chemical properties of the soil, vegetable biomass, nitrate and vitamin C content, such as organic carbon, effective nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like.
(2) Test results
The basic physicochemical properties of the different treated soils are shown in Table 4. The application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can obviously increase the organic matter content of soil in a coal mining subsidence area and improve the soil fertility and the carbon fixing capacity. Compared with untreated control, the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil organic matters are respectively increased by 12%, 18% and 30% at three application amounts of 2%, 4% and 6%. The commercial compound fertilizer has no obvious increase effect on soil organic matters. In addition to increasing soil carbon sequestration, the application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner of the present invention increases soil integrity and available nutrient content, particularly available nutrients. Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increased by 2.3%, 2.8% and 20.2%, available phosphorus increased by 6.7%, 24.5% and 46%, and quick-acting potassium increased by 3.0%, 5.9% and 10.5% at three application rates of 2%, 4% and 6% compared to the control without fertilization (table 4).
TABLE 4 basic physicochemical Properties of soil
The fresh weight and dry weight of the green vegetables (petiolus chinensis) after harvesting are shown in figure 3, and the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner can effectively promote the growth of the green vegetables, and the promotion effect of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner on the biomass accumulation of the green vegetables is obviously higher than that of the composite fertilizer treatment. The fresh weight and the dry weight of the green vegetables at the three application levels of the carbon-based microorganism soil conditioner treatment in the invention are respectively 4.52 times, 4.69 times, 5.94 times and 3.15 times, 3.42 times and 4.14 times that of the control treatment without fertilization. Compared with the compound fertilizer, the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner has no obvious difference between fresh weight biomass and commercial fertilizer under the condition of 66.7% and 33.3% of available nutrient loss, and the average dry weight mass is increased by 7.76% and 17.19%. When the carbon-based microorganism soil conditioner (treatment 5) is applied with the same amount of available nutrients as the compound fertilizer, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the green vegetables are respectively improved by 20% and 42% compared with the fertilizer treatment.
The nitrate and vitamin C contents in the green vegetables (petiolus chinensis yellow) are shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner can effectively reduce the nitrate content in the green vegetables, wherein the nitrate content in the green vegetables treated by three application amounts of 2%, 4% and 6% is reduced by 65%, 35% and 49% respectively compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. Compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment, the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner of the invention obviously improves the Vc content in the green vegetables, and the Vc content of the green vegetables under three application levels is respectively improved by 49%, 56% and 62% compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment.
Example 7: carbon-based soil conditioner field application effect
According to the preparation method of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner in the embodiment 5, the residual grass carbon-based soil conditioner (GBBM), the mixed garden waste carbon-based soil conditioner (GWBBM) and the kitchen waste carbon-based soil conditioner (KWBBM) are prepared, and the micro-field effect verification of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is performed after the detection is qualified.
And carrying out micro-field experiments of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner in a reclamation farmland in a coal mining subsidence area of Xuzhou city in Jiangsu province. The experiment sets 4 treatments, the treatment 1 is a commercial biological organic fertilizer soil conditioner (CG, national light activity source), the organic matters in the soil conditioner are more than or equal to 40%, and the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus laterosporus is more than or equal to 2.0x10 7 /g; the treatment 2 is a residual turf-based microbial soil conditioner; the treatment 3 is a garden waste carbon-based microbial soil conditioner; the treatment 4 is kitchen waste carbon-based microbial soil conditioner. The application amount of the soil conditioner is 60 kg/mu, three repeats are arranged for each treatment, and the area of each repeat cell is 1m 2 (1 m.times.1m). After the soil conditioner is applied, the soil is leveled. Seedlings of green vegetables (petiole yellow) from which 2 true leaves had grown were transplanted to the corresponding cells, each of which was transplanted 24. And (5) watering thoroughly after transplanting. The whole growth cycle of the green vegetables is uniformly managed, and the green vegetables are harvested after one month. The biomass was weighed and assayed for nitrate, soluble sugar (TSS), soluble protein (TSP) and Vc content in green vegetables, and the results are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
As can be seen from fig. 5, compared with the commercial bio-organic fertilizer soil conditioner, the application of the three carbon-based microbial soil conditioners can greatly improve the green vegetable biomass, wherein the green vegetable biomass treated by the residual grass carbon-based microbial soil conditioner, the mixed garden waste carbon-based microbial soil conditioner and the kitchen waste carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is 2.81 times, 2.77 times and 2.20 times of that of the commercial national light activity source bio-organic fertilizer soil conditioner respectively. In terms of vegetable quality (fig. 6), the application of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner can achieve the same effect as, or even better than, the commercial bio-organic fertilizer soil conditioner. Compared with the commercial bio-organic fertilizer soil conditioner, the nitrate content in the green vegetables treated by the kitchen garbage carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is reduced by 19.6%, and the soluble sugar content is increased by 64.6%.
Claims (10)
1. The carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is characterized by comprising, by mass, 30% -60% of biomass charcoal, 20% -30% of mixed microbial inoculum, 2% -5% of trehalose, 10% -30% of bentonite, 3% -5% of gypsum and the balance of water; the mixed bacterial agent is loaded on biomass charcoal, the mixed bacterial agent comprises fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5, and the total effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5 is more than or equal to 1.12x10 8 cfu/mL, wherein the strain preservation number of the bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 is as follows: CGMCC No.19564, wherein the strain preservation number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5 is as follows: CGMCC No.20008.
2. The char-based microbial soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the biomass char comprises one or more of corn stalk char, garden waste char, turf grass char, and kitchen waste char.
3. The char-based microbial soil conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising an available nutrient that is one or more of a nitrogen-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound, or a potassium-containing compound.
4. The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparation of biomass charcoal: collecting one or more of corn straw, garden waste, residual grass or kitchen waste, and airing and carbonizing to prepare biomass charcoal;
2) Preparation of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner: mixing biomass charcoal, mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5, trehalose, bentonite, gypsum and water, granulating, drying and shaping.
5. A method for preparing the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparation of biomass charcoal: collecting one or more of corn straw, garden waste, residual grass or kitchen waste, and airing and carbonizing to prepare biomass charcoal;
2) Preparation of carbon-based microbial soil conditioner: mixing biomass charcoal, mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNBG-PGPR-5, trehalose, bentonite, gypsum, water and available nutrients, granulating, drying and shaping.
6. The method for preparing a carbon-based microbial soil conditioner according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the carbonization temperature in step 1) is 300 to 600 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a carbon-based microbial soil conditioner according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the granulating step in step 2) is as follows: the angle of the disc is adjusted to 50-60 degrees, the machine is started, the rotating speed is adjusted to 5-10 r/min, and atomized water is sprayed while rotating; after all the components are soaked, regulating the rotating speed to 45-60 r/min, and rapidly spraying atomized water vapor; stopping spraying atomized water when particles with diameters of 0.5-1 mm are generated, adjusting the rotating speed to 90-100 r/min, and rapidly rotating until the particles are in a shape with diameters of 1-3.5 mm.
8. The method for preparing the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the drying and shaping temperature in the step 2) is set to be 30-50 ℃, and the drying and shaping time is 0-8 hours.
9. Use of the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in vegetable planting.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the carbon-based microbial soil conditioner is applied in an amount of 2g/kg to 6g/kg of soil.
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