CN108165276A - A kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution - Google Patents
A kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108165276A CN108165276A CN201810050640.1A CN201810050640A CN108165276A CN 108165276 A CN108165276 A CN 108165276A CN 201810050640 A CN201810050640 A CN 201810050640A CN 108165276 A CN108165276 A CN 108165276A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of composite conditioners suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution, including charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock, the charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock mass ratio be 40 ~ 65: 30 ~ 50: 3 ~ 5: 10 ~ 25.The present invention is directed to northern alkaline soil physicochemical property and heavy metal element feature, on the basis of current passivating technique, using charcoal, organic fertilizer, ground phosphate rock adsorption precipitation performance, and the antibacterial of bacillus, phosphorus decomposing, heavy metal-passivated ability, provide a kind of composite conditioner and its preparation and application for having both and improving soil physico-chemical property, prevention soil-borne disease and heavy metal-passivated cadmium lead.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite conditioners suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution.
Background technology
The heavy metal that soil environment generates pollution is caused mainly to have mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and metalloid arsenic (As)
Generate when the significant element of bio-toxicities and when accumulating excessive copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and the manganese of bio-toxicity
(Mn) common elements such as.With the development of society, the discharge of Industrial " three Waste ", the exploitation in mine, chemical fertilizer and pesticide are added, dirty
Water irrigation and the discharge of house refuse etc. cause these heavy metal elements constantly to be accumulated in upper soll layer, so as to ploughing
Ground, agricultural product and human health bring serious security risk.2014《National Soil Pollution Investigation bulletin》Display
China arable soil environmental pollution point position exceeding standard rate reaches 19.4%, and heavy metal pollution problem is more prominent.Ministry of Agriculture's agricultural product
300,000 hm of the prevention and cure of pollution heavy metal laboratory investigation whole nation2Basic Farmland Conservation Zones, the results showed that agricultural product exceeding standard rate reaches
12.1%, wherein grain heavy metals exceeding standard rate reaches more than 10%." cadmium rice ", " cadmium wheat ", " blood lead especially to take place frequently in recent years
The heavy metal pollutions events such as child " seriously affect human health and social stability, therefore, the reparation of contaminated soil and the safety of grain
It produces extremely urgent.
The soil restoring technology of broad sense is not only the pollutant in removal soil, and further including reduces its biological effectiveness and move
Shifting property, so as to cut down pollutant risk caused by crop, surrounding enviroment and health.Soil remediation method common at present
Mainly there are peripheral doses technology, chemical remediation technology and microorganism remediation technology and phytoremediation technology.Wherein chemical passivation
Technology is mainly by adding outer source additive (such as lime substance, phosphorated material, metal oxide, charcoal, attapulgite
Deng), the series reactions such as absorption, precipitation, ion exchange and redox occur with heavy metal, change heavy metal in the soil
Occurrence patterns reduce its biological effectiveness, so as to reduce accumulation of the heavy metal to the murder by poisoning of geobiont and in agricultural product.It should
Although method is simple and fast for inhibiting agricultural product Heavy Metal Accumulation, it is susceptible to soil hardening, phenomena such as crop failure,
And applied amount is big, easily causes secondary pollution.Microorganism remediation is then by physical absorption, surface complexing, ion exchange and intracellular
The effects that accumulation, achievees the purpose that abatement, purification and fixed heavy metal.It is micro- that this method helps to improve soil fertility, improvement soil
Ecological environment, but microbial activity, easily by such environmental effects, individually addition survival rate is low, and repairing efficiency is longer, and then influences
Governance efficiency.Current heavy metal pollution of soil passivator spininess improves soil to acid soil in the south by applying basic matterial
Earth pH can effectively reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal-polluted soil, and then can not for soils of north China in itself in the soil of alkalinity
Achieve the purpose that be passivated heavy metal-polluted soil by the method.Based on problem above, research and development are suitable for northern China basic soil
Complex repairation technology be of great significance.
Invention content
The present invention is for northern alkaline soil physicochemical property and heavy metal element feature, on the basis of current passivating technique
On, utilize charcoal, organic fertilizer, the adsorption precipitation performance of ground phosphate rock and the antibacterial of bacillus, phosphorus decomposing, heavy metal-passivated
Ability provides a kind of composite conditioner for having both and improving soil physico-chemical property, prevention soil-borne disease and heavy metal-passivated cadmium lead
And its preparation and application.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution, including charcoal, organic fertilizer, microorganism
Microbial inoculum, ground phosphate rock, the charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock mass ratio be 40~65: 30~50: 3~5:
10~25.
Preferably, the biomass material of the charcoal for corn and soybean, wheat, one kind in cotton, two or more
Stalk.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is Chicken dung.
Preferably, the microbial bacterial agent for bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens mixing and
Into composite bacteria agent, the bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens micro organism quantity ratio be 2: 2:
1, living bacteria count >=2.0 of each microbial inoculum in the bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens ×
109cfu·g-1, living bacteria count >=2.0 × 10 of the composite bacteria agent8cfu·g-1。
Preferably, the ground phosphate rock is mid low grade phosphate rock mountain flour, P in the mid low grade phosphate rock mountain flour2O5Content ＜
30%.
A kind of preparation method of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution, includes the following steps：
(1) biomass material of charcoal is pyrolyzed 6~8h for 400~450 DEG C under anoxic conditions, powder is carried out after cooling
It is broken, it sieves with 100 mesh sieve；
(2) organic fertilizer is air-dried, crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve；
(3) microbial bacterial agent is uniformly mixed, it is cold that galactolipin protective agent progress vacuum is put into after thalline centrifugation separation
Be lyophilized it is dry after compound microorganism bacterium powder is made；
(4) ground phosphate rock is crossed into 100 sieves；
(5) by step (1), (2), (3), (4) treated charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock according to power
Profit adds amylum adhesive after requiring the 1 proportioning mixing and urea carries out roller granulation, and 1~2mm of particle diameter is multiple to get this
Close conditioner.
Further, microbial cells sediment and protectant mass ratio are 1: 1 in the step (3).
Further, the mass ratio of amylum adhesive and urea is 2: 1 in the step (4), and amylum adhesive and urea mix
Close object addition for charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock mixed system gross mass 3%.
When in use, rehabilitating soil is treated first and carries out heavy metal analysis, judges heavy metal pollution of soil degree, and moderate is dirty
Dye soil is advisable with 150~200kg per acre, and slight pollution soil is advisable with 80~120kg；
Secondly, depth first is carried out to pollution field soil to be repaired and turns over (30~40cm), soil bulky grain crushed, rake
It puts down, beat ridge, uniform broadcasting composite conditioner, mechanical rotary tillage topsoil (about 20cm) are carried out according to heavy metal pollution of soil degree
Make conditioner and the abundant mixing of topsoil, then spray suitable water in upper soll layer, soil moisture content is made to reach field most
50% or so of big water-holding capacity, at least stablizes one week；
Then, wheat cultivation and water and fertilizer management are carried out according to normal agro-farming method；
Finally, generally make base fertilizer use, base can also be divided to apply+top dressing (70%+30%), imposing is advisable in period of seedling establishment, Shi Hou
Watering.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, charcoal in itself can be by adsorbing the heavy metal ion in soil in composite conditioner of the present invention, and then reduces
The content of heavy metal available state.It can also increase soil organic matter content simultaneously, enhance the activity of edaphon, improve soil
Physicochemical property promotes the growth of crop, reduces toxic action of the heavy metal to crop.Organic fertilizer can increase the friendship of soil cation
The amount of changing (CEC) improves soil physico-chemical property, while goes back adsorbing heavy metal ions or complex reaction occurs with it, reduces soil
Heavy metal bio-available Zn concentration.The bacillus Mixed Microbes that the microbial bacterial agent that the present invention uses has the function of phosphorus decomposing for three kinds, can
Insoluble phosphate in soil is converted into soluble phosphate, available phosphorus content in soil, enhancing plant absorption profit are improved
With；These soluble phosphates also are able to be formed with the exchangeable cadmium lead in soil and crop and precipitate simultaneously, so as to reduce soil
The Transport Rate of lead in the bioavailability of earth lead and crop body.Bacillus can also be by secreting antibacterial substance and albumen
Enzyme promotes plant growth, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage.Phosphate can improve soil available phosphorus content with precipitation of heavy metals, promote
Plant growth, therefore be often used as passivator and carry out the reparation of heavy metal pollution of soil, but occupy 88% phosphate rock resource of China
In low product phosphorus ore, although containing the elements such as relatively low cadmium and abundant calcium, magnesium, due to its phosphorus content is low, industrial utilization into
Divide high and be difficult to apply.
2nd, charcoal, organic fertilizer and the ground phosphate rock in composite conditioner of the present invention, can by fixed complex micro organism fungicide
To improve microorganism growing environment, the concentration class and survival rate of bacillus in the environment, while the bud that the present invention chooses are improved
Spore bacillus can also promote the activation of ground phosphate rock, improve the dissolution rate of soil phophorus, and then promote absorption and the heavy metal of plant phosphorus
The precipitation of lead cadmium, while element antagonism can be generated with heavy metal containing elements such as a large amount of calcium, magnesium in ground phosphate rock, from
And reduce absorption of the crop to heavy metal.Therefore, the compound of bacillus is fixed by carrier of charcoal, organic fertilizer and ground phosphate rock
Conditioner strengthens respective effect, can not only reduce the validity of heavy metal-polluted soil lead cadmium, moreover it is possible to simultaneously by synergistic effect
Improve soil physico-chemical property, prevent soil-borne disease, promote the growth of plant.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Plot experiment is carried out in north of China heavy Cd contamination area, cell soil physico-chemical property is：PH value is 7.87, entirely
Cadmium is 3.37mgkg-1, full lead is 258.22mgkg-1, available Cd (DPTA extractions) is 2.01mgkg-1, Available Lead
(DPTA extractions) is 95.62mgkg-1。
The main implementation of the present embodiment is as follows：
1) charcoal is by the use of maize straw as biomass material, and 400 DEG C of pyrolysis 6h, cooling are laggard under anoxic conditions
Row crushes, and sieves with 100 mesh sieve；Using 400 DEG C of pyrolysis 6h in the present embodiment, 450 DEG C of pyrolysis 8h can also be used or 400~450
It is pyrolyzed in the range of 6~8h at DEG C；
2) organic fertilizer is Chicken dung, using preceding air-dried, crushing, is sieved with 100 mesh sieve；
3) microbial bacterial agent for bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens by micro organism quantity than 2
: each microbial bacterial agent is uniformly mixed, thalline centrifugation by 2: 1 complex micro organism fungicides mixed according to corresponding proportioning
Galactolipin protective agent progress vacuum freeze drying is put into after separation, compound microorganism bacterium powder is made, wherein, microbial cells precipitation
Object is 1: 1 with protectant mass ratio, each microbial inoculum living bacteria count >=2.0 × 109cfu·g-1, the composite conditioner
Living bacteria count >=2.0 × 108cfu·g-1；
4) ground phosphate rock is to utilize the relatively low middle-low grade (P of cadmium content2O5＜ 30%) rock phosphate in powder crushing sieve with 100 mesh sieve gained；
5) prepared by composite conditioner：By step 1), 2), 3), 4) in material mixing it is uniform, wherein, it is 40 parts of charcoal, organic
40 parts of fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 15 parts of ground phosphate rock, and amylum adhesive and urea (mass ratio 2: 1) mixture are added, it adopts
It being granulated with roller comminution granulation, particle diameter is 1~2mm, the addition of amylum adhesive and urea admixture is charcoal,
Organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock mixed system gross mass 3%；Wherein, 40 parts of charcoal, 40 parts of organic fertilizer, microorganism
3 parts of microbial inoculum, 15 parts of ground phosphate rock are only an embodiment of the present embodiment, in charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, phosphorus ore
The mass ratio of powder is (40~65): (30~50): (3~5): belongs to technical scheme of the present invention in the range of (10~25)；
6) application of conditioner is improved：It is divided to two groups of control group and processing group, every group of three parallel cells, control group is removed and do not applied
Add outside conditioner, it is other identical with processing group.It first treats repairing polluted soil progress depth and turns over (30~40cm), by soil
Bulky grain is crushed, is raked, beating ridge, processing group uniform broadcasting composite conditioner 200kg, and mechanical rotary tillage topsoil (about 20cm) makes
Conditioner and the abundant mixing of topsoil, then spray suitable water in upper soll layer, and soil moisture content is made to reach field maximum
50% or so of water-holding capacity is at least stablized one week.
7) it is Huaihe River wheat 22 for examination crop varieties, wheat cultivation and water and fertilizer management is carried out according to normal agro-farming method.Small wheat harvest
Soil pH value and heavy metal cadmium, lead bio-available Zn concentration, wheat seed heavy metal cadmium lead content are measured after obtaining respectively.Result of the test is such as
Table 1：
1 product of table is in serious pollution soil testing result
As a result show that the lower changes of pH of composite conditioner processing is little, the effective cadmium of soil, effective lead content are more right
61.2%, 43.4% is averagely reduced according to group；Processing group wheat seed cadmium, lead content averagely reduce by 53.7% compared with control group,
55.3%, substantially reduce wheat seed content of beary metal.
Embodiment 2
Plot experiment is carried out in the slight In Cadmium Polluted Area of north of China, cell soil physico-chemical property is：PH value is 7.83, entirely
Cadmium is 1.63mgkg-1, full lead is 117.23mgkg-1, available Cd (DPTA extractions) is 1.05mgkg-1, Available Lead
(DPTA extractions) is 71.35mgkg-1。
Conditioner method of administration is the same as described in example 1.Result of the test such as table 2：
2 product of table is in intermediate pollution soil testing result
As a result show that the lower changes of pH of composite conditioner processing is little, the effective cadmium of soil, effective lead content are more right
67.3%, 57.6% is averagely reduced according to group；Processing group wheat seed cadmium, lead content averagely reduce by 64.0% compared with control group,
52.8%, wheat seed content of beary metal is substantially reduced, cadmium, lead content average value reach the safe heavy metal limit mark of state food
It is accurate.
It can be seen from the above result that the composite conditioner has the bio-available Zn concentration for reducing basic soil heavy metal cadmium and lead, protect
Hinder the effect of winter wheat safety in production.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can carry out these embodiments a variety of variations, modification, replace
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution, which is characterized in that including charcoal, organic
Fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock, the charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock mass ratio be 40 ~ 65: 30 ~ 50
∶3~5∶10~25。
2. a kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the biomass material of the charcoal is corn and soybean, wheat, one kind in cotton, two or more stalks.
3. a kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the organic fertilizer is Chicken dung.
4. a kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the compound bacteria that the microbial bacterial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens mix
Agent, the bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens micro organism quantity ratio for 2: 2: 1, the withered grass
Living bacteria count >=2.0 × 10 of each microbial inoculum in bacillus, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens9 cfu·g-1,
Living bacteria count >=2.0 × 10 of the composite bacteria agent8 cfu·g-1。
5. a kind of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the ground phosphate rock is mid low grade phosphate rock mountain flour, P in the mid low grade phosphate rock mountain flour2O5Content ＜ 30%.
6. a kind of preparation method of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution, includes the following steps：
（1）The biomass material of charcoal is pyrolyzed 6 ~ 8h for 400 ~ 450 DEG C under anoxic conditions, is crushed after cooling, crosses 100
Mesh sieves；
（2）Organic fertilizer is air-dried, is crushed, is sieved with 100 mesh sieve；
（3）Microbial bacterial agent is uniformly mixed, the progress vacuum refrigeration of galactolipin protective agent is put into after thalline centrifugation separation and is done
Compound microorganism bacterium powder is made after dry；
（4）Ground phosphate rock is crossed into 100 sieves；
（5）By step（1）、（2）、（3）、（4）Treated charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock will according to right
Amylum adhesive is added after asking the 1 proportioning mixing and urea carries out roller granulation, and 1 ~ 2 mm of particle diameter is to get the compound tune
Manage agent.
7. a kind of preparation side of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 6
Method, which is characterized in that the step（3）Middle microbial cells sediment is 1: 1 with protectant mass ratio.
8. a kind of preparation side of composite conditioner suitable for northern alkaline soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 6
Method, which is characterized in that the step（5）The mass ratio of middle amylum adhesive and urea is 2: 1, amylum adhesive and urea mixing
The addition of object for charcoal, organic fertilizer, microbial bacterial agent, ground phosphate rock mixed system gross mass 3%.
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| CN109174935A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-11 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A method of tailing is planted using microbial bacterial agent and modifying agent and is afforested |
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Application publication date: 20180615 |