CN112592240A - Bio-carbon-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bio-carbon-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112592240A CN112592240A CN202011347850.0A CN202011347850A CN112592240A CN 112592240 A CN112592240 A CN 112592240A CN 202011347850 A CN202011347850 A CN 202011347850A CN 112592240 A CN112592240 A CN 112592240A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biochar-based composite conditioner comprises the following raw materials: biochar, humic acid, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, bacillus subtilis and rhodopseudomonas palustris. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the biochar composite conditioner disclosed by the invention is prepared by adopting solid wastes such as pig manure and straw as raw materials, has better adsorption capacity on soil heavy metals, utilizes wastes, changes waste into valuables, improves the conversion rate of organic wastes, and is beneficial to restoring the ecological environment of soil; the fixation of cadmium is increased, the bioavailability of cadmium is reduced, the heavy metal cadmium pollution condition of soil is improved, the microbial population of soil can be increased, various nutritional requirements for crop growth are met, the yield is increased, and the cadmium removal rate of crops is improved; the organic matter content of the soil can be improved, the fertilizer nutrients can be adsorbed, the nutrient loss of the soil can be reduced, the volume weight and the water-holding and air-permeable capacity of the soil can be improved, the soil hardening phenomenon can be avoided, and the soil fertility can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, in particular to a biochar-based compound conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Land serves as the main capital and material basis, providing important guarantees for human survival and development. In recent years, with the development of modern industrial and agricultural production, more and more industrial production wastewater and municipal sewage and waste continuously permeate farmland soil. The discharge quantity and the discharge speed of the water treatment agent exceed the bearing capacity and the purification speed of farmland soil, so that the pollution area is enlarged year by year, the natural dynamic balance of the farmland soil is destroyed, and the quality of the farmland soil is reduced. Among them, cadmium, a heavy metal, has high toxicity, is not easily degraded, is easily absorbed by crops, and causes great harm to biological organisms through the transmission of food chains. In recent years, the technology for remedying cadmium pollution of farmland soil has made some progress. However, the cadmium-polluted area of farmland soil in China still tends to be continuously enlarged, and a plurality of practical and effective pollution remediation technologies still need to be further tested in actual production.
In recent years, the method of utilizing the microbial fertilizer is widely applied to the remediation process of the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil. The microorganism is easy to culture, has stronger adaptability and metabolic capability when restoring the farmland soil polluted by the heavy metal, has the advantages of good effect, small investment, easy operation and no secondary pollution, is well concerned by researchers at home and abroad, and has wide application prospect. Nevertheless, the defects of slow restoration effect, unstable restoration effect and the like exist, so that the restoration technology using most microorganisms is still limited in scientific research and laboratory stages and can be rarely applied in actual application.
The biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing urban and rural solid wastes and the like at high temperature in an anoxic or anaerobic state. The biochar is composed of C, H, N, O and the like. The biochar has rich pore structures and nutrient elements, can enrich pollutants in large quantities, and has wide material sources for preparing the biochar, for example, waste straws produced in agriculture can be recycled and reused. Has better heavy metal adsorption capacity and good application prospect in the field of soil heavy metal pollution remediation. The porous structure of the biochar is convenient for the attachment growth of microorganisms, and the composite soil conditioner prepared from the biochar and other materials can play a synergistic role and improve the cadmium pollution remediation effect. The addition of the biochar can also improve the soil fertility and improve the soil environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biochar-based compound conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biochar-based compound conditioner can improve the cadmium pollution condition of soil heavy metal, increase the microbial population of the soil and meet the nutritional requirements required by the growth of crops.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing cadmium pollution of soil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of biochar, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 8-12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.4-1.6 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.4-1.6 parts of rhodopseudomonas palustris.
The biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing cadmium pollution of soil is a preferred embodiment and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62-68 parts of biochar, 18-22 parts of humic acid, 9-11 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.6-1.4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.6-1.4 parts of rhodopseudomonas palustris.
The biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing cadmium pollution of soil is a preferred embodiment and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of biochar, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.0 part of bacillus subtilis and 1.0 part of rhodopseudomonas palustris.
The biochar is charcoal serving as a soil conditioner, and can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and the soil structure of soil and improve the yield of agricultural products. The biochar has carbon elements, has the physical properties of porosity and larger pore space, can adsorb organic pollutants in soil and hold heavy metals like activated carbon, has very good water absorption, can increase the water content in the soil, and helps agricultural products grow healthily.
Humic acid is a macromolecular organic substance widely existing in nature, can effectively restore degraded soil, improve the structure of the soil, activate soil nutrients, adjust the pH value of the soil, reduce soil pollution and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is prepared from phosphate ore and magnesium silicate mineral, and contains Ca as main component3(PO4)2、CaSiO3、MgSiO3. The fertilizer is a multi-element fertilizer, the aqueous solution is alkaline, the acid soil can be improved, the effect of the fertilizer as a base fertilizer is good when large seedlings are cultivated, and the required nutrients can be slowly absorbed by plants.
The bacillus subtilis can generate substances similar to cytokinin and plant growth hormone, promote the growth of plants to enable the plants to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, can be planted in roots or bodies of crops, has a specific fertilizer effect, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, improves the soil microenvironment and can reflect the transformation and supply capacity of soil nutrients to a certain extent.
The rhodopseudomonas palustris can decompose potassium and silicon in minerals such as feldspar and mica, can decompose phosphorus in apatite, has the functions of dissolving phosphorus, releasing potassium and fixing nitrogen, can generate substances which are beneficial to plant absorption and utilization such as organic acid, amino acid, polysaccharide, hormone and the like in the growth and propagation process, and can secrete plant growth hormone and various enzymes after propagation in soil so as to enhance the resistance of crops to certain diseases; also inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria, and the potassium in the bacteria can be released after the bacteria die and can be absorbed and utilized by plants. As an important functional bacterium in microbial fertilizer, the fertilizer can improve the content of quick-acting potassium and phosphorus in soil, and improve the yield and quality of crops.
As a preferred embodiment, the amount of the effective viable bacteria contained in the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g.
The bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris used in the invention are purchased from inspired bioengineering limited company in Hubei.
The invention provides a preparation method of a biochar-based compound conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biochar;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following steps:
mixing fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 10% -30%, pyrolyzing the mixture at high temperature under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, and crushing and sieving to obtain the biochar after pyrolysis is finished.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following steps of (1): 0.8-1.2.
As a preferred embodiment, the high-temperature pyrolysis is carried out for 2.8-3.2h at 580-620 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment, the particle fineness of the obtained biochar is 80-120 meshes, the carbon content of the obtained biochar is more than 50%, and the pH value of the obtained biochar is 7.8-7.84.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the fineness of the crushed humic acid and the fineness of the crushed calcium-magnesia-phosphate fertilizer are both 80-120 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the biochar composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil is prepared by adopting solid wastes, namely the pig manure and the straws as raw materials, has good adsorption capacity on heavy metals in the soil, utilizes the wastes, changes wastes into valuables, improves the conversion rate of organic wastes, and is favorable for repairing the ecological environment of the soil;
2. the biochar-based compound conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil utilizes the combined bacteria (bacillus subtilis and rhodopseudomonas palustris) to convert the soluble state of the cadmium in the farmland soil into the insoluble state, so that the fixation of the cadmium is increased, the bioavailability of the cadmium is reduced, the heavy metal cadmium pollution condition of the soil is improved, the microbial population of the soil can be increased, various nutritional requirements for the growth of crops are met, the yield is increased, the cadmium removal rate of the crops is improved, and the quality is improved;
3. the biochar-based compound conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil can improve the content of organic matters in the soil, adsorb fertilizer nutrients, reduce the loss of the soil nutrients, improve the volume weight and water-holding and air-permeable capacity of the soil, avoid the occurrence of soil hardening phenomenon and improve the soil fertility.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the examples of the present invention, 1 part by weight represents 1.
Example 1
A biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biochar, 15 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.4 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.4 part of rhodopseudomonas palustris;
the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g;
the preparation method of the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biochar;
and (3) fermenting and decomposing the fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.8, uniformly mixing and stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 10%, pyrolyzing the mixture at 580 ℃ for 3.2h under the condition of oxygen deficiency or oxygen-free, crushing and sieving to obtain biochar with the fineness of 80 meshes, the carbon content of more than 50% and the pH value of 7.8 after pyrolysis is finished;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to obtain powder with the fineness of 80 meshes for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
Example 2
A biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62 parts of biochar, 18 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.6 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.6 part of rhodopseudomonas palustris;
the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g;
the preparation method of the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biochar;
and (3) fermenting and decomposing the fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.9, uniformly mixing and stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 15%, pyrolyzing the mixture at 600 ℃ for 3h under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, crushing and sieving to obtain biochar with the fineness of 90 meshes, the carbon content of more than 50% and the pH value of 7.82 after pyrolysis is finished;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to obtain powder with the fineness of 90 meshes for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
Example 3
A biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of biochar, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.0 part of bacillus subtilis and 1.0 part of rhodopseudomonas palustris;
the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g;
the preparation method of the biochar-based compound conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil comprises the following steps
(1) Preparing biochar;
and (3) fermenting and decomposing the fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, uniformly mixing and stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 20%, pyrolyzing the mixture at 600 ℃ for 2.8h under the condition of oxygen deficiency or oxygen-free, crushing and sieving to obtain biochar with the fineness of 100 meshes, the carbon content of more than 50% and the pH value of 7.82 after pyrolysis is finished;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to obtain powder with the fineness of 100 meshes for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
Example 4
A biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts of biochar, 22 parts of humic acid, 11 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1.4 parts of rhodopseudomonas palustris;
the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g;
the preparation method of the biochar-based compound conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil comprises the following steps
(1) Preparing biochar;
and (3) fermenting and decomposing the fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.1, uniformly mixing and stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 25%, pyrolyzing the mixture at 580 ℃ for 3.1h under the condition of oxygen deficiency or oxygen-free, crushing and sieving to obtain biochar with the fineness of 110 meshes, the carbon content of more than 50% and the pH value of 7.83 after pyrolysis is finished;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to obtain powder with the fineness of 110 meshes for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
Example 5
A biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of biochar, 25 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.6 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1.6 parts of rhodopseudomonas palustris;
the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g;
the preparation method of the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biochar;
and (3) fermenting and decomposing the fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.2, uniformly mixing and stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 30%, pyrolyzing the mixture at the high temperature of 620 ℃ for 2.8h under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, and crushing and sieving to obtain biochar with the fineness of 120 meshes, the carbon content of more than 50% and the pH value of 7.84 after pyrolysis is finished;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to obtain powder with the fineness of 120 meshes for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
The invention discloses efficacy research of a biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing soil cadmium pollution
Test site: biaomei ecological engineering works Ltd
Test time: 2020 to
Test work: herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici, herba Cephalanoploris, and caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae
Test soil: soil on farmland plough layers of West bridge towns of Yangtze city, Yangtze river, Jiangsu province, the Yangtze city, the farmland plough layers are taken back to a laboratory for sieving, cadmium-polluted soil in a simulated polluted irrigation area is prepared, the total cadmium content of the soil is about 12mg/kg, and the soil is uniformly mixed and aged for 15 days.
Test protocol: selecting the biochar-based compound conditioner, adopting a potting test to divide the soil to be tested into two parts, namely a test potted plant and a control potted plant, wherein the test potted plant uses the biochar-based compound conditioner, the control potted plant is not treated, and the test result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 efficacy Studies of the biochar-based composite conditioners of the invention
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing cadmium pollution of soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of biochar, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 8-12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.4-1.6 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.4-1.6 parts of rhodopseudomonas palustris.
2. The biochar-based composite conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62-68 parts of biochar, 18-22 parts of humic acid, 9-11 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.6-1.4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.6-1.4 parts of rhodopseudomonas palustris.
3. The biochar-based composite conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of biochar, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.0 part of bacillus subtilis and 1.0 part of rhodopseudomonas palustris.
4. The biochar-based compound conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the effective viable bacteria contained in the bacillus subtilis and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 1000 hundred million/g.
5. A method for preparing the biochar-based compound conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing biochar;
(2) respectively crushing humic acid and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for later use;
(3) and mixing and stirring the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the bacillus subtilis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the crushed humic acid and the biochar uniformly to obtain the biochar-based composite conditioner for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
6. The preparation method of the biochar-based compound conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the biochar is as follows:
mixing fermented and decomposed pig manure and straws, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 10% -30%, pyrolyzing the mixture at high temperature under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, and crushing and sieving to obtain the biochar after pyrolysis is finished.
7. The preparation method of the biochar-based compound conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented and decomposed pig manure to the straws is 1: 0.8-1.2.
8. The method for preparing a biochar-based composite conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution in the soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the high-temperature pyrolysis is carried out at 580-620 ℃ for 2.8-3.2 h.
9. The preparation method of the biochar-based composite conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the particle fineness of the obtained biochar is 80-120 meshes, the carbon content of the obtained biochar is more than 50%, and the pH value of the obtained biochar is 7.8-7.84.
10. The preparation method of the biochar-based compound conditioner for remedying the cadmium pollution of the soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the fineness of the crushed humic acid and the fineness of the crushed calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are both 80 to 120 meshes.
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