CN110100670B - Method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
A method for preventing clubroot of cruciferous crops comprises the following steps: (1) soil acidity improvement; (2) soil remediation treatment; (3) adjusting soil fertility; (4) root irrigation treatment; (5) and (4) balancing nutrients. In the implementation and prevention process of the invention, no chemical pesticide is used, the pesticide is non-toxic and harmless to crops, and is not influenced by geological conditions and soil environment, and the field experiment proves that the control effect on clubroot is outstanding and stable; the used organic soil conditioner is easy to biodegrade, can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, is not easy to cause soil hardening and environmental pollution, can reduce the pathogenic amount in the soil, prevents diseases from occurring from the source, and can improve the soil fertility and promote the growth of crops; the invention is especially applied to the rotation of rice and rape or wheat and rice or vegetable and rice, the effect is obvious in two seasons, and the control effect of clubroot is most obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of clubroot prevention and treatment, in particular to a method for preventing clubroot of cruciferous crops.
Background
The clubroot of cruciferous crops is widely distributed in China, and basically covers the main planting area of cruciferous crops in China. Due to the damage of clubroot of cruciferous crops, cruciferous vegetables, rape and other crops cannot be planted in a plurality of disease areas, and the production life and the economic benefit of farmers are seriously influenced. The pathogenic bacteria of clubroot of cruciferous crops are plasmodiophora brassicae which is obligate parasitism and mainly harms roots of cruciferous plants, and can generate hormone substances such as indoleacetic acid, cytokinin and the like, so that root tissues of the plants are enlarged; the germs are mainly transmitted by using germ-carrying soil and irrigation water polluted by germs, and can also be transmitted in a long distance by using germ-carrying seeds or germ-carrying vegetable seedlings and the like; in addition, the dormant spores of the pathogenic bacteria can survive in soil for more than 15 years. Therefore, clubroot of cruciferous crops is extremely difficult to control.
At present, soil acidification in most vegetable and rape planting areas in China is serious, and when the pH value of soil is less than or equal to 5.5, clubroot of cruciferous crops is serious. The soil is heavy, easy to harden, the plot with poor air permeability is easy to cause clubroot of cruciferous crops, the organic matter content is low, the fertilizer is applied partially, the underground water level is high, the plot with poor drainage condition has high morbidity and serious harm.
In the aspect of research and control of clubroot, the clubroot is prevented and controlled by agriculture, chemistry, disease-resistant breeding and biological control, but most of the schemes of agricultural measure control, chemistry control, variety breeding and biological control adopt a single method or a combination of two methods, the clubroot of cruciferous crops cannot be fundamentally solved, a plurality of chemical agents which are publicized in the market and can radically cure the clubroot can only achieve the effect of reduction or control, and the drug effect is weaker and weaker along with the increase of the use times.
CN104004526A discloses a soil conditioner for preventing and treating rape clubroot, a preparation method and application thereof, and the soil conditioner has the effect of slowly and uniformly adjusting the pH value of soil.
CN106591196A discloses a photosynthetic bacterium capable of being applied to control of clubroot of cruciferous crops and application thereof, the obtained strain has high-efficiency capability of controlling the clubroot of cruciferous crops, the incidence rate of the clubroot can be reduced to about 10% when the strain is applied to control of the clubroot of cruciferous crops, and the photosynthetic bacterium is environment-friendly, safe to use and free of residues.
CNN101416641 discloses a biological agent for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferae and its application: separating rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage of Tokyo Dabanqiao town in the city of Kunming, Yunnan province to obtain a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus subtilis) XF-1 with a preservation number: CGMCC NO.2357, the biocontrol strain has certain functions of sterilizing, preventing diseases and increasing yield.
CN201710932412 discloses an ecological fertilizer for effectively preventing vegetable clubroot and a preparation process thereof: the fertilizer is a base fertilizer prepared by mixing and fermenting farmyard manure, brewer's grains, banana peel, soybean meal, peat soil, traditional Chinese medicine residues, straw powder, peanut shell powder, edible fungus residues, pineapple mud, apple mud, silkworm excrement, proteolytic enzyme, azotobacter, rhizobium, potassium bacteria, cellulose decomposition bacteria, antibiotic producing bacteria and rice washing water, and a mixed fertilizer prepared by mixing earthworm cast, charcoal residues, urea, plant ash, potassium humate, lime powder, urea iron complex, chelated zinc and sepiolite powder.
CN 105075738A discloses a method for comprehensively preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous vegetables, which comprises the following steps: firstly, ecological management: (1) the fertilizer is applied to more fertile plants, the using amount of each mu is 200-250 ml of HYT-A, 250-350 ml of HYT-B and 100-120 g of HYT-C, and the fertilizer is used for 2-4 times in the whole growth period; (2) applying traditional Chinese medicine trace fertilizer one month before the maturity of cruciferous vegetables, wherein the usage amount per mu is 20-25 g; secondly, agricultural prevention and control; thirdly, plant quarantine; fourthly, biological control; fifthly, physical prevention and treatment; sixthly, chemical prevention and treatment. The method uses a large amount of biological bacteria which are rich and beneficial, the operation is complex, and the prevention and treatment effect of the biological bacteria needs to be verified by field experiments.
The schemes have single effect, solve the problem of soil acidity to a certain extent, reduce the incidence rate of clubroot by using a single microbial agent, have great influence on the yield and quality of cruciferous crops, and have possibility of clubroot outbreak in the follow-up process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops, which is not influenced by geological conditions and soil environment, uses reagents without chemical pesticides, has stable and outstanding effect, is not easy to cause soil hardening, and promotes the growth of crops and improves the yield.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preventing clubroot of cruciferous crops comprises the following steps:
(1) soil acidity improvement: spraying an organic soil conditioner into soil to condition soil acidity;
(2) and (3) soil remediation treatment: spreading the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum on the soil surface, and turning the soil;
(3) adjusting soil fertility: mixing the basic conventional fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary fertilizer and the medium and trace element fertilizer to obtain a mixed fertilizer, spreading the mixed fertilizer on the soil surface, turning the soil, preparing the soil, and sowing or transplanting cruciferous crops;
(4) root irrigation treatment: irrigating roots of the cruciferous crops after seedling emergence or transplantation by using a soil conditioner;
(5) and (3) nutrient balance: organic boiled medium and trace element nutrient is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of cruciferous crops in the growth period.
Further, in the step (1), the organic soil conditioner comprises the following components: 100-200 g/L amino acid and 200-300 g/L organic matter; the spraying is carried out by spraying the soil conditioner into the soil according to the dosage of 5-15 kg (preferably 10 kg) per mu.
Further, in the step (2), the microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum is formed by mixing one or more of trichoderma viride, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis or saccharomyces cerevisiae with a carrier; the carrier is one or more of attapulgite, bentonite, potassium feldspar, kaolin, fulvic acid or rice bran.
Further, in the step (2), the viable count of the microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum is 0.2-0.5 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is 10-30% (preferably 20%); the microbial compound inoculant is applied to the surface of soil in a scattering mode according to the dosage of 50-100 kg (preferably 80 kg) per mu.
Further, in the step (3), the nitrogen content of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary fertilizer is 10-30% (preferably 20%), the phosphorus content is 10-20% (preferably 15%), and the potassium content is 10-20% (preferably 15%); the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary fertilizer is spread on the surface of soil according to the dosage of 40-50 kg per mu.
Further, in the step (3), in the medium trace element fertilizer, 25-35% (preferably 30%) of calcium nitrate, 20-30% (preferably 25%) of magnesium sulfate, 2-8% (preferably 5%) of potassium silicate, 5-15% (preferably 10%) of zinc sulfate, 2-8% (preferably 5%) of manganese sulfate, 1-3% (preferably 2%) of borax, 1-5% (preferably 3%) of copper sulfate, 10-20% (preferably 15%) of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3% (preferably 0.2%) of ammonium molybdate, 4.5-5% (preferably 4.7%) of rare earth, and 0.05-0.15% (preferably 0.1%) of cobalt sulfate; the medium trace element fertilizer is applied to the surface of soil in a spreading mode according to the dosage of 5-10 kilograms (preferably 8 kilograms) per mu.
Further, in the step (4), when the root irrigation treatment is carried out by using the soil conditioner, the root irrigation is carried out on the cruciferous crops for 1-3 times by adding 30-60 kg of water into 5-10 kg of the soil conditioner per mu, and the interval time of the root irrigation treatment is 15 days.
Further, in the step (5), the organic boiled medium trace element nutritional agent comprises 80-120 g/L (preferably 100 g/L) of amino acid, 2-8 g/L (preferably 5 g/L) of zinc, 2-8 g/L (preferably 5 g/L) of manganese, 2-5 g/L (preferably 3 g/L) of boron, 2-8 g/L (preferably 5 g/L) of copper sulfate, 2-8 g/L (preferably 5 g/L) of ferrous sulfate and 2-8 g/L (preferably 5 g/L) of ammonium molybdate; the amino acid boiled-in trace element nutritional agent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 1-3 times according to the dosage of 80-120 g (preferably 100 g) per mu each time, and the time interval is 15-20 days (preferably 15 days).
The method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops comprises the steps of firstly, improving the pH value and the hardening degree of soil of a cruciferous crop planting field by adopting an organic acid soil conditioner, and playing a certain role in preventing clubroot; then, by broadcasting the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum, mass propagation of beneficial microbes in the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum can secrete antibiotics and lysozyme to effectively inhibit propagation of pathogenic bacteria of clubroot, and the microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum also has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium, and metabolism can increase soil organic matters and improve soil fertility, thereby fundamentally realizing biological control of clubroot of cruciferous crops; in addition, the basic fertilizer uses nitrogen phosphorus potassium basic fertilizer, calcium magnesium sulfur medium element fertilizer, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, iron, molybdenum and other trace element fertilizers to promote the healthy growth of crops by the principle of soil testing formula fertilization nutrient balance, so that high quality and high yield are realized; the soil conditioner is treated by root irrigation with the nutrient organic acid soil conditioner, and the compound amino acid in the nutrient soil conditioner contains ampholyte, so that the soil conditioner can adjust the pH value of soil, improve the soil environment, increase the content of soil organic matters, provide a nutrient source for soil microorganisms, promote mass propagation of beneficial microorganisms in soil and reduce the incidence rate of clubroot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the reagent used in the process of implementing the method of the invention does not contain chemical pesticide, is nontoxic and harmless to crops, is not influenced by geological conditions and soil environment when used, and has remarkable and stable control effect on clubroot proved by field experiments; the organic soil conditioner is easy to biodegrade, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, is not easy to cause soil hardening and environmental pollution, reduces the pathogenic amount in the soil, prevents diseases from occurring from the source, and can improve the soil fertility and promote the growth of crops; when the compound fertilizer is applied to rice and rape, wheat and rice, and vegetable and rice crop rotation, the effect is shown in two seasons.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The chemical reagents used in the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available in a conventional manner.
Example 1
The experiment is carried out in the potting test field of China agriculture university in Wuhan city, Hubei province, and comprises the following steps:
(1) soil acidity improvement: testing the pH value of soil, determining the use amount of the soil conditioner per mu according to the pH value of the soil, and determining the pH =6 of the soil), and broadcasting the 'best-in-place' organic soil conditioner, which comprises the following components: 150g/L of amino acid and 250g/L of organic matter, the dosage of each mu is 10kg, the dosage of each mu is 20 kg, and the original liquid of the organic soil conditioner which is good for applying the soil or the original liquid is directly sprayed on the surface of the soil by adding 30 times of water.
(2) And (3) soil remediation treatment: mixing Trichoderma viride, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the ratio of 1:1, wherein the carrier is attapulgite in the ratio of 1:1 a Shen hoe composite microorganism soil remediation microbial inoculum which is mixed with the microbial inoculum, the viable count of the microbial inoculum is 0.5 hundred million/gram, and the content of organic matters reaches 20 percent. According to the standard requirement, each bacterium is not less than 0.01 hundred million/gram. The 'Shen hoe' microbial compound fungicide is characterized in that the soil organic matter content of soil is more than 4 g/kg per mu according to soil measurement data, 100 kg per mu is used, the soil organic matter content is 10 g per kg per mu, and 50 kg per mu is broadcast to the soil.
(3) Adjusting soil fertility: after the soil repairing agent of 'Shen hoe' is applied, basic conventional fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the Gaoyang province of farmers are mixed by 10 kg/mu, wherein the content of the combined components containing calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, iron, molybdenum and chlorine is 10 percent, and the mixture is applied to the ground surface as base fertilizer, ploughed, prepared and sown or transplanted.
(4) Root irrigation treatment: irrigating roots twice with a soil conditioner, and respectively watering the soil conditioner of the soil conditioner;
(5) and (3) nutrient balance: the nutrient is applied by organically decocting 'auspicious rain' into a medium trace element nutrient, which contains seventeen amino acid compounds of isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, histidine, tyrosine, valine, alanine, serine, glycine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid and proline, wherein the content of the seventeen amino acid compounds is 100g/L, the trace elements of zinc Zn5g/L, manganese Mn5g/L, boron 3.5g/L, copper sulfate 5g/L, ferrous sulfate 5g/L and ammonium molybdate 5 g/L. The amino acid boiled trace element nutrient is 100g per mu, and the leaf surface is sprayed for 3 times with 15 days interval. Can effectively supplement the nutrients of cruciferous crops, enhance the disease resistance of the crops and improve the yield and the quality of the crops.
Comparative example 1 fertilization was routinely planted.
The soil to be tested is rice soil which is collected from granite gneiss matrix development in Wujing of Hubei province, and belongs to acid soil. The basic properties of the soil tested are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic Properties of the soil tested
Rape variety: huayou za 62, each treatment was repeated 5 times, completely randomized. The dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium used in each treatment is equal, and N is 0.02g/kg soil, P is P2O50.01 g/kg of soil, K2O0.015 g/kg. The soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers are respectively urea (containing N46%), calcium superphosphate (containing P)2O512 percent of potassium sulfate (containing K)2O54%)). All fertilizers were applied basal once. Each timeFilling 10kg of soil in a pot, uniformly mixing the soil and a fertilizer, barreling, sowing 25 seeds in each pot, thinning the seedlings after emergence (20 days after sowing), temporarily keeping 6 seedlings in each pot, thinning 4 seedlings when the growth vigor of the rape is stable and good, and testing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the thinned seedlings. And (3) pouring distilled water once every 3-4 days in the test period on average to ensure that the soil surface is slightly moist, and performing other management and cultivation measures according to a conventional method.
The specific conclusion through the one-season pot experiment is as follows:
(a) the application of the embodiment has obvious influence on the plant height and the top 2-leaf SPAD value in the rape growth period, and can promote the growth of crops; compared with the conventional planting and fertilizing, the plant heights of the rapes treated by applying the conditioner twice in the flowering phase, the initial flowering phase, the full flowering phase and the silique phase are respectively increased by 6.7cm, 11.7cm, 13.8cm and 13.3 cm. The SPAD value of the leaves is respectively improved by 3.5 percent, 7.4 percent, 7.1 percent and 10.2 percent in the seedling stage, the flowering stage, the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage;
(b) the application of this example effectively promotes the growth and development of rape in the mature period, utilizing the formation of yield-constituting factors. Compared with the conventional treatment, the scheme is applied to treat the rape primary branch number, the single plant silique number, the kernel number per kernel, the thousand kernel weight and the seed yield by respectively increasing by 41.7 percent, 42.7 percent, 20.9 percent, 6.7 percent and 25.4 percent on average. In addition, the application of the conditioner can obviously reduce the number of reentrant corners of rape and improve the angulation rate. Compared with the scheme without applying, the angulation rate of rape treated twice is respectively improved by 7.9 percent and 13.1 percent;
(c) the nitrogen content of the rape seeds treated by the method of the invention is increased along with the increase of the application times, and the nitrogen content of the seeds treated by the method of the invention is obviously higher than that of the seeds treated by the control treatment. The accumulation of nitrogen in each part of the rape is gradually increased along with the increase of the application times. Compared with the control, the cumulant increases of the stem, the hornshell, the seed and the total nitrogen are respectively 27.6-57.8%, 14.7-20.4%, 39.5-54.3% and 33.3-48.7%;
(d) the determination result of the quality of the rapeseeds under the potting test condition shows that the application of the embodiment is combined with the analysis of the yield data of the rapeseeds, so that the oil yield of the rapeseeds is greatly improved, and compared with the rape which is not subjected to the application of the conditioner twice and the rape which is subjected to the application three times, the oil yield of the rapeseeds is respectively increased by 20.2% and 24.7%;
(e) analysis of the results of the change in soil nutrient content after rape harvest under the potted plant test conditions showed that the soil pH and microbial biomass carbon content increased with increasing soil conditioner application times, and the soil pH and microbial biomass carbon treated by the method of the present invention were significantly higher than the control treatment. Compared with the control, the soil pH is increased from 5.32 without treatment to 5.64 and 5.75 with two and three treatments, and the soil microbial biomass carbon is increased from 58.6mg/kg with the control treatment to 81.3mg/kg and 80.5mg/kg with the two and three treatments.
Example 2
In this example, rice was tested in the first season of 5-9 months in 2014, and in the second season of 5-2015 in 10-2015 in 2014, the test was conducted in the Yangtze town Shawan village in Yangjiang county in Chengdu city. When the rice and rape are planted in the demonstration field for a long time, the incidence rate of clubroot of the rape reaches more than 60 percent.
The test method comprises the following steps: large-area demonstration of applying soil conditioners on the basis of local conventional fertilization is carried out. And 5 same-field comparison tests are set in a demonstration area, the conventional control area is 2.4 mu, and the soil conditioner is applied to the land with good soil. In a comparative test, a comparative example 2 and an example 2 are arranged, ditches are arranged between treatment rooms for ridging and isolation, and a protective row of 60 cm is left around a test field block. The rape is transplanted in a single seedling mode. Other cultivation management measures are implemented according to local large-area production and are controlled uniformly.
The two major area processing contents are as follows:
comparative example 2: habitually fertilizing; 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is used for base fertilizer acre; 11.4 kg of urea for topdressing mu
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) soil acidity improvement: and (3) testing the soil pH value, determining the use amount of the soil conditioner per mu according to the soil pH value, and measuring the soil pH value =6.0 of the demonstration land. The 'Jiatianjia' organic soil conditioner comprises the following components; 200g/L of amino acid and 300g/L of organic matter. 20 kilograms of water is added into each mu, and the mixture is directly sprayed on the surface of the soil by 50 times.
(2) And (3) soil remediation treatment: mixing Trichoderma viride, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and microbial inoculum at a ratio of 1: 1. The carrier adopts attapulgite according to the proportion of 1:1 is mixed with a microbial inoculum to form the Shen-hoe composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum, the total viable count of the microbial inoculum is 0.5 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is 20 percent. According to the standard requirement, each bacterium is not less than 0.01 hundred million/gram. The usage amount of the 'Shen hoe' composite microbial compound fungicide is measured, soil organic matters are 4 g/kg per kg and 100 kg per mu according to soil measurement data, the soil organic matters are 10 g/kg per kg, and 50 kg per mu is broadcast to the soil.
(3) Adjusting soil fertility: the basic conventional fertilizer, three element fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Qingfeng year and the microelement fertilizer in Gaohang province are mixed with 5 kilograms/mu of microelement fertilizer, wherein the weight percentage of the composition components containing calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, iron, molybdenum and chlorine is 1:1, the basic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be spread on the ground surface, and the soil is ploughed, prepared, sowed or transplanted.
(4) Root irrigation treatment: after 10 days of transplanting or sowing, 5 kilograms of organic soil conditioner per mu is used, water is added for diluting by 200 times, the roots are watered with water for the first time, and 5 kilograms of organic soil conditioner per mu are used for irrigating for the second time at intervals of 20 days.
(5) And (3) nutrient balance: the nutrient is applied by organically decocting 'auspicious rain' into medium trace element nutrient, which contains seventeen amino acid compositions of isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, histidine, tyrosine, valine, alanine, serine, glycine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid and proline, wherein the content of the amino acid compositions is more than 100g/L, and the trace elements comprise: zinc Zn8g/L, manganese 8g/L, boron 5g/L, copper sulfate 8g/L, ferrous sulfate 8g/L, ammonium molybdate 8 g/L. The amino acid boiled trace element nutrient is 100g per mu, is sprayed on leaf surfaces for 3 times, and supplements the nutrients of cruciferous crops at the time interval of 15-20 days, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of the crops and improving the yield and quality of the crops.
The rape is cultivated in 9-13 days in 2014, base fertilizer is applied in 19 days in 10 months, the rape is transplanted in 21 days in 10 months, the cultivation specification is 27cm multiplied by 40 cm, and 6173 fossa is planted per mu. The soil conditioner is sprayed on the soil by sprinkling on the soil conditioner respectively at 28 days in 10 months and 18 days in 11 months. Preventing and treating downy mildew, aphid and powdery mildew in 15 days 12 months, and preventing and treating sclerotinia rot and aphid in 20 days 2 months 2015. Spraying boron fertilizer twice in 16 days 12 and 23 days 2 and 2015 in 2014, harvesting in 1 and 2 days 5 and 2015, and keeping the whole growth period for 195 days.
TABLE 2 results of the Effect of rape application example 2 on the physicochemical Properties of soil
Remarking: the soil taking time before the test is 5, 8 and 2014, and the soil taking time in the first season is 9, 10 and 2014. The soil sampling time in the second season is 2015, 4 months and 28 days.
Referring to Table 2, it can be seen that the pH of the soil was increased by 1.15 after the rape application of this example from the second season test compared to before the test.
The embodiment is applied to the effect of the two-season rotation: after the rape is applied to the embodiment, the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the biological properties and the yield of the rape are all superior to those of conventional fertilization, and compared with the situation before the test, the pH value of the soil in a control field is improved by 1.15; the yield of rape is increased by 11.1 kg per mu averagely, the yield is increased by 7.8 percent, the new yield value per mu is 55.50 yuan, the new purification income per mu is 15.5 yuan, and the yield-input ratio is 1.4: 1. The average yield of 6 mu of rape in the demonstration field can reach 150.8 kg, the yield per mu can be increased by 9.6 kg, the yield can be increased by 6.8%, the new yield per mu can be increased by 288 yuan, and the adjustment of the pH value of soil is obvious. The incidence rate of clubroot is 5 percent, the reduction range reaches 83 percent compared with 60 percent of the incidence rate in the last season, and the obvious control effect is achieved.
Example 3
In this example, the rape test was continuously performed on the basis of the plot test on rice in Zunyi county, Guizhou. Basic conditions of the test foundation: the test field is arranged in a responsibility field of a village group, and the field name is as follows: and (5) half of a farmland. The soil of the previous crop rice and the experimental field is yellow mud, the altitude is 896 m, and the soil fertility is moderate. Longitude 106 degrees 46 '04.7' and north latitude 27 degrees 26 '36.1' and the former crop is rice.
Comparative example 3 soil test values averaged: 57.873g/kg of organic matter, 3.17g/kg of total nitrogen, 132.6 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 35.2mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 304mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and pH = 5.32.
The "best-to-ground" soil conditioner application area of this example: 58.405g/kg of organic matter, 3.18g/kg of total nitrogen, 150.9mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 31.8mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 345.7mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 5.69 of PH. The fertility level is equal.
1.2, the test material rape is cotton oil 12 which is a local main cultivated variety;
1.3 test design test set two treatments, three times of repetition, 6 cells, each cell area 40m2Random block permutation.
1.4, the method and the using amount plot are separated by plastic film covering ridges to prevent fertilizer water from flowing in series, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all carried out according to local fertilizing amount and using method, and the management measures of intertillage, weeding and the like of each treatment are completely the same.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) soil acidity improvement: and (3) testing the soil pH value, determining the use amount of the soil conditioner per mu according to the soil pH value, and measuring the soil pH value =6.0 of the demonstration land. The 'Jiatianjia' organic soil conditioner comprises the following components of 200g/L amino acid and 300g/L organic matter. 20 kilograms of water is added into each mu, and the mixture is directly sprayed on the surface of the soil by 50 times.
(2) And (3) soil remediation treatment: mixing Trichoderma viride, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and microbial inoculum at a ratio of 1: 1. The carrier adopts attapulgite according to the proportion of 1:1 is mixed with a microbial inoculum to form the Shen-hoe composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum, the total viable count of the microbial inoculum is 0.5 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is 20 percent. According to the standard requirement, each bacterium is not less than 0.01 hundred million/gram. The usage amount of the 'Shen hoe' composite microbial compound fungicide is measured, soil organic matters are 4 g/kg per kg and 100 kg per mu according to soil measurement data, the soil organic matters are 10 g/kg per kg, and 50 kg per mu is broadcast to the soil.
(3) Adjusting soil fertility: the basic conventional fertilizer, three element fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Qingfeng year and the microelement fertilizer in Gaohang province are mixed with 5 kilograms/mu of microelement fertilizer, wherein the weight percentage of the composition components containing calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, iron, molybdenum and chlorine is 1:1, the basic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be spread on the ground surface, and the soil is ploughed, prepared, sowed or transplanted.
(4) Root irrigation treatment: the average application is divided into two times, namely, the rape seedling stage (11 months and 15 days) is applied with the original solution of the 'best-to-apply' organic soil conditioner which is diluted by 600 times and is hole-applied to the roots of the rape (24 ml/plot is added with 14kg of water), and the method of the second application (12 months and 24 days) is the same as that of the first application.
(5) And (3) nutrient balance: the nutrient is applied by organically decocting 'auspicious rain' into medium trace element nutrient, which contains seventeen amino acid compositions of isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, histidine, tyrosine, valine, alanine, serine, glycine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid and proline, wherein the content of the amino acid compositions is more than 100g/L, and the trace elements comprise: zinc Zn8g/L, manganese 8g/L, boron 5g/L, copper sulfate 8g/L, ferrous sulfate 8g/L, ammonium molybdate 8 g/L. The amino acid boiled trace element nutrient is 100g per mu, is sprayed on leaf surfaces for 3 times, and supplements the nutrients of cruciferous crops at the time interval of 15-20 days, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of the crops and improving the yield and quality of the crops.
1.5 field management, sowing in 10 days and 9 months, adopting seedling cultivation, the specification is 50cm multiplied by 24cm, and the density is 5556 plants/667 m2. Transplanting in 28 days in 10 months, and fertilizing: 3 kilograms of 25 percent compound fertilizer (13-5-7) per cell; in 11 months and 15 days, 60 kg of biogas slurry/cell, 0.3 kg of urea/cell, comparative example 3 and the embodiment are uniformly sprayed on the roots of the rapes, and in 12 months and 24 days, 60 kg of biogas slurry/cell, 0.5 kg of urea/cell, 0.6 kg of potassium chloride/cell, comparative example 3 and the embodiment are uniformly sprayed on the roots of the rapes. And respectively processing the single crop and the single crop at 16 days in 5 months in the next year, and weighing and calculating the processing yield. 2. And (5) analyzing test results.
2.1 Change in soil nutrient after application in this example
After the rape is harvested after the test is carried out, a multipoint sampling method is adopted for each treatment cell of the test, soil samples are fully and uniformly mixed, then a quartering method is carried out, and air drying, grinding and measuring are carried out.
TABLE 3 results of rape post harvest soil testing rules for each plot
As can be seen from table 3: after the soil is applied with the combination scheme of the invention annually, the acidity of the soil is continuously reduced, from pH5.5 to pH =5.69, then from pH =5.69 to pH =5.95, the pH of the soil is increased by 0.45 as a whole, and the organic matter is increased by 1.432g/kg on average compared with the control; the total nitrogen is improved by 0.05g/kg compared with the control; the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen control is improved by 14.4 mg/kg; the fast-acting phosphorus control decreased by 1.7 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is improved by 17.0 mg/kg compared with the control; the soil does not change much without the combination of the invention and even the pH has a tendency to decrease. In general, after the control scheme is applied to the acid soil all the year round, the acid soil gradually develops to neutral, the property indexes of the soil develop to benign, the available nutrients are increased, and the improvement of agricultural products and the sustainable development of agricultural production are facilitated.
2.2 Effect of this example on soil Property indices
TABLE 4 soil property index comparison table before and after test
Analysis of variance for adjusting pH of rape soil in this example
Note: (F < F0.05-no difference, F0.05< F0.01-significant difference, F > F0.01-very significant difference)
This example regulates multiple comparisons of pH of oilseed rape soil (minimum significant error method LSR-SSR)
After the clubroot-affected soil is adopted in the embodiment, the acidity of the soil is weakened, and the volume weight is reduced. As can be seen from Table 3, the combination method according to the present inventionThe application of the solution, the pH of the soil is gradually increased (5.50 → 5.69 → 5.95), the pH is increased by 0.45, and the soil gradually develops to neutrality; the volume weight is gradually reduced by 0.03 g/cm3(1.12 → 1.09), the acidity of the soil is reduced, the volume weight is reduced, the soil is loosened from hardening, the cultivation is easier, and the growth of crops is good. By analysis of variance, there was F between treatments>F0.05, i.e. 63.879>18.513. The remarkable difference of the yield between treatments is shown, namely the application of the combination scheme of the invention has obvious effect on the acidification soil of the rape field compared with the control. Through multiple comparison, the combined scheme provided by the invention is applied to improve the acidic soil of the rape field, and the significance level reaches 95%.
2.3 rape fertility dynamic record
The test is carried out by sowing in 10 days of 9 months, seedling transplantation, small difference in fertility among treatment, maturity in 10 days of 5 months, harvesting in 16 days of 5 months and 242 days of full growth period.
The effect of this example on oilseed rape yield: the yield of the community is obviously improved, the average yield of the control treated community is 12.1 kg, and is converted into the hectare yield of 2426.7 kg, the average yield of the rape treated by the combined scheme of the invention is 13.2 kg, the average yield of the rape treated by the combined scheme of the invention is 2633.3 kg, 206.7 kg of rapeseeds are averagely increased per hectare, the yield increase rate is 8.52%, and the yield increase effect is obvious (see tables 6 and 7), through variance analysis, the F value between treatments is 22.7 > F0.01 (16.3), which indicates that the treatment difference is extremely obvious, multiple comparisons are carried out by adopting an SSR method, and the yield of the rape between the combined scheme of the invention and the control is extremely obvious; and the difference between the repetitions is not obvious, which indicates that the soil fertility of the test field is uniform, and the test has effectiveness.
Table 6 cell throughput results
Application example 4
In 12 months in 2017, a rape test demonstration is arranged in 5 groups of Dujiang Xie xu Jia Zhen village, the area is 2 mu, one mu of control is adopted, the test demonstration results are summarized, the yield of the rape and the control is increased by 5.6%, the volume weight of soil is reduced by 17%, organic matters are improved by 7%, the pH value is increased by 0.26, the number of dormant spores of clubroot in soil is reduced by 30%, and the incidence rate of clubroot in seedling stage after rape cultivation is reduced by 55%.
After the rape is harvested, the scheme of the embodiment 1 is continuously adopted on the same-field water planting, the rice yield is increased by 11 percent, and the pH value is increased by 0.5.
After 10 months of rice harvest, continuing rape planting, treating soil by the method, irrigating roots twice in 12 months, spraying leaf surfaces for 2 times, and checking the incidence rate of rape clubroot in 27 days in 12 months, wherein the number of dormant spores of the soil clubroot is reduced by 91%, and the incidence rate of the clubroot in the seedling stage of rape cultivation is reduced by 92%.
Application example 5
By adopting the scheme of the embodiment 2 in the western high-soil rice-rape crop rotation land of Guanghan, the yield of the front crop rice is increased by 12%, the number of dormancy spores of soil clubroot is reduced by 46% after the rice is harvested, and the incidence rate of clubroot in the seedling stage of rape cultivation is reduced by 78%.
Application example 6
The method for preventing and treating the clubroot of the Chinese cabbages by adopting the scheme of the embodiment 3 is used for preventing and treating the clubroot of the Chinese cabbages, a plot with serious clubroot of the Chinese cabbages in a temperate river region (the incidence rate of the Chinese cabbages is 85 percent, and the disease index is 61.3), a flip cover is spread in soil 5 days before the Chinese cabbages are planted, the roots are irrigated twice in the middle period, the leaf surfaces are sprayed 3 times, the seedling rate, the disease index and the yield of the Chinese cabbages in a.
Application example 7:
the special fertilizer prepared by the scheme of the embodiment 1 has a good effect of preventing and treating clubroot of the Chinese cabbage, the disease rate of the Chinese cabbage is below 5%, the disease index is below 13.0, and compared with the planting method of the comparative example, the yield of the Chinese cabbage is increased by more than 40% per mu.
Application example 8:
the method is used for preventing and treating the rape clubroot, rape-rice-rape continuous cropping three-season demonstration is carried out on ten groups of xu family Zheng Shengshou village, the rape clubroot is serious in land plots (the rape morbidity is 87.3%, and the disease index is 65.2), the scheme of the embodiment 1 is adopted for preventing and treating the rape clubroot, the good prevention and treatment effect is achieved, the rape disease rate is below 4%, the disease index is about 10.4, and compared with the comparative example, the yield of rape per mu is increased by more than 15%.
Application example 9:
the scheme of example 1 is adopted for preventing and treating the clubroot of the cabbages, five groups of the cabbages in the Dujiang weir co-community have severe clubroot (the incidence rate of the cabbages is 81.6%, and the disease index is 59.7), the fertilizer is spread at the roots after 5 true leaves of the cabbages grow out, 25 kilograms is applied per mu, the seedling rate, the disease index and the yield of the cabbages in the field are counted after the cabbages are mature, the obtained result has a good prevention and treatment effect on the clubroot of the cabbages, the incidence rate of the cabbage diseases is below 8%, the disease index is about 15.0, and the yield of the cabbages is increased by more.
The scheme of example 1 is adopted to obviously improve the soil property index, the soil pH is gradually increased (5.50 → 5.69 → 5.95), the soil pH is increased by 0.45, and the soil pH gradually develops to neutrality; the volume weight is gradually reduced by 0.03 g/cm3(1.12 → 1.09), the soil is loose and easy to plough; the invention can improve the rape yield, can increase 206.7 kilograms of rapeseeds per hectare on average, and has the yield increase of 8.52 percent and obvious yield increase effect; the invention continuously tests on the same land, the clubroot disease is reduced year by year, the original disease rate is reduced to within 3 percent by 55 percent, the effect of soil acidification buffer capacity can be enhanced, the harm of soil-borne diseases is reduced, and a solid foundation is laid for the sustainable development of agricultural production.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing clubroot of cruciferous crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil acidity improvement: spraying an organic soil conditioner into soil to condition soil acidity; the organic soil conditioner comprises the following components: 100-200 g/L amino acid and 200-300 g/L organic matter; the spraying is carried out by spraying 5-15 kg of organic soil conditioner per mu into soil;
(2) and (3) soil remediation treatment: spreading the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum on the soil surface, and turning the soil; the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing trichoderma viride, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and a carrier;
(3) adjusting soil fertility: mixing the basic conventional fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary fertilizer and the medium and trace element fertilizer to obtain a mixed fertilizer, spreading the mixed fertilizer on the soil surface, turning the soil, preparing the soil, and sowing or transplanting cruciferous crops; 25-35% of calcium nitrate, 20-30% of magnesium sulfate, 2-8% of potassium silicate, 5-15% of zinc sulfate, 2-8% of manganese sulfate, 1-3% of borax, 1-5% of copper sulfate, 10-20% of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3% of ammonium molybdate, 4.5-5% of rare earth and 0.05-0.15% of cobalt sulfate in the medium trace element fertilizer; the medium trace element fertilizer is spread on the surface of soil according to the dosage of 5-10 kg per mu;
(4) root irrigation treatment: irrigating roots of the cruciferous crops after seedling emergence or transplantation by using an organic soil conditioner;
(5) and (3) nutrient balance: spraying organic chelated medium and trace element nutrient on leaf surfaces when cruciferous crops are in a growth period; in the organic chelating medium trace element nutrient, 80-120 g/L of amino acid, 2-8 g/L of zinc, 2-8 g/L of manganese, 2-5 g/L of boron, 2-8 g/L of copper sulfate, 2-8 g/L of ferrous sulfate and 2-8 g/L of ammonium molybdate; the organic chelating medium-trace element nutrient is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 1-3 times at intervals of 15-20 days according to the dosage of 80-120 g per mu each time.
2. The method for controlling clubroot of cruciferous crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the carrier is one or more of attapulgite, bentonite or rice bran.
3. The method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the number of viable bacteria of the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum is 0.2-0.5 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is 10-30%; the composite microbial soil remediation microbial inoculum is applied to the soil surface in a scattering manner according to the dosage of 50-100 kg per mu.
4. The method for preventing and treating the clubroot of the cruciferous crops as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (3), the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary fertilizer are 10-30%, 10-20% and 10-20%; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary fertilizer is spread on the surface of soil according to the dosage of 40-50 kg per mu.
5. The method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), when the root irrigation treatment is carried out by using the organic soil conditioner, the roots of the cruciferous crops are irrigated for 1-3 times by adding 30-60 kg of water into 5-10 kg of organic soil conditioner per mu, and the interval time of the root irrigation treatment is 10-20 days.
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| CN110627566B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-11-16 | 云南云之叶生物科技有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer with clubroot disease prevention and treatment function and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111233578A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 成都华宏生物科技有限公司 | Composition and method for biologically controlling orobanche coerulescens |
| CN111670740A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Soil conditioning method for preventing and treating rape clubroot |
| CN112868675B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-03-08 | 山东省科学院生态研究所(山东省科学院中日友好生物技术研究中心) | Method for preventing and treating clubroot of Chinese cabbage by combining ozone water and trichoderma |
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| CN114402729A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-04-29 | 山东省科学院生态研究所(山东省科学院中日友好生物技术研究中心) | Microbial remediation method for continuous cropping obstacle soil |
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