CN114014721A - Preparation method and application of alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: taking kitchen wastes as raw materials, removing impurities, deoiling and desalting, adding edible fungus residues, wheat straws, rice hulls and rice chaffs, vinasse and sawdust, drying to obtain kitchen waste dried substances, adding lime, adjusting pH, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain kitchen waste organic fertilizer; selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus brevis, lactobacillus plantarum and metabolites thereof to prepare a microbial compound microbial inoculum; selecting attapulgite, vinasse biochar, desulfurized gypsum, diatom, calcium humate, polyglutamic acid and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to prepare an auxiliary material mixture, and compounding the auxiliary material mixture with kitchen waste organic fertilizer and a microbial composite microbial inoculum; regulating water content and pH value to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner. Also discloses application of the alkaline soil conditioner in saline-alkali soil, and provides reference significance for effective resource utilization of kitchen wastes and effective improvement of salinized soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a preparation method and application of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste.
Background
The salinization of soil is a severe agricultural problem in China, which has received wide attention, and the area of saline-alkali soil in China is about 9.91 multiplied by 107ha, which accounts for about one tenth of the land area of the country. Most saline-alkali soil is related to accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, the alkaline soil can directly influence the germination and normal growth of crops, the alkalized soil containing more sodium carbonate has a larger toxic action on the crops, the emergence rate of the plants is influenced, and the plants in a serious saline-alkali soil region can hardly survive.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement methods such as deep ploughing, irrigation and salt washing, planting of salt-tolerant plants and the like have a plurality of limitations, such as inapplicability to water resource-deficient areas, insignificant effect and incomplete solution to the saline-alkali soil problem. The application of the soil conditioner is a good medicine for improving soil at present, and the conditioner is added into the salinized soil, so that the structure of the soil can be changed, the microbial composition can be adjusted, and the alkalinity of the soil can be reduced.
The existing alkaline soil conditioner comprises gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, humic acid, sulfur, furfural residue and other substances, can change the structure of soil to achieve the purpose of improvement, but the condition of salt return even aggravation of salinization exists after long-term use, so that the soil pH value is reduced, the microbial community is adjusted to reasonably improve the salinization soil, and a reasonable virtuous cycle is formed. The kitchen waste is rich in nutrients such as N, P, K and trace elements required by soil, the purpose of improving the soil can be achieved after reasonable utilization, meanwhile, waste can be changed into valuable, and the cost for improving the soil is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the background art, the invention discloses a preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste; the second purpose is to disclose the application of the alkaline soil conditioner in saline-alkali soil.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking kitchen waste as a raw material, removing impurities, deoiling and desalting, adding edible fungus residues, wheat straws, rice hulls and rice chaffs, vinasse and wood chips, drying to obtain a kitchen waste dried substance, adding lime, adjusting pH, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a kitchen waste organic fertilizer;
s2, selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus brevis, lactobacillus plantarum and metabolites thereof to prepare a microbial compound microbial inoculum; the microbial preparation has the effects of reducing the pH value of soil, reducing crop diseases and insect pests and promoting crop growth, and the bacterial strains are separated from healthy soil.
S3, selecting attapulgite, vinasse biochar, desulfurized gypsum, diatom, calcium humate, polyglutamic acid and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to prepare an auxiliary material mixture, and compounding the auxiliary material mixture with kitchen waste organic fertilizer and a microbial composite microbial inoculum; the auxiliary material mixture has the effects of neutralizing soil alkalinity, improving soil aggregate structure, increasing soil organic matters and chelating soil heavy metal ions.
S4, adjusting the water content to 5-30% and the pH value to 5.0-6.0 after the fineness of the kitchen waste organic fertilizer and the microbial composite microbial inoculum, the content of toxic and harmful elements (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and As), the number of faecal coliform and the death rate of ascarid eggs meet the quality standard requirements of products, and obtaining the alkaline soil conditioner.
Further, in the step S1, the amount of the kitchen waste is more than 60% of the total amount of the kitchen waste anhydrate, and the ratio of the edible fungus residues, the wheat straw, the rice hull and rice chaff, the vinasse and the wood chips is 2: 2: 1: 1: 2, the lime is used in an amount of 0.5-1% of the total amount of the dried kitchen waste, the pH value is adjusted to 5.0-6.0, and the mixture is aerobically fermented until the water content is less than 30%.
Further, the microbial compound inoculant in S2 comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of lactobacillus casei, 20-35 parts of lactobacillus brevis and 40-50 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, and the viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108CFU/mL。
Further, the auxiliary material mixture in the S3 comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of attapulgite, 20-25 parts of vinasse biochar, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 15-20 parts of diatomite, 10-15 parts of calcium humate, 5-10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 2-5 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride.
Further, the compound mass ratio in S3 is as follows: 75-85 parts of kitchen waste organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of microbial compound bacteria agent and 15-25 parts of auxiliary material mixture.
Further, the raw material for adjusting the pH in S4 is any one or a mixture of more of calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide.
The application of the alkaline soil conditioner in the saline-alkali soil comprises the steps of ploughing the alkaline soil conditioner into soil by a rotary cultivator or a plough before spring sowing or after autumn harvest of crops, wherein the single dosage is 200-400 kg/mu, fertilization is not needed in the period, each crop is used for multiple times, the concentration dosage in the seedling stage is halved, the soil is leveled after application, and the micro-domain terrain enriched with salt is removed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the kitchen waste organic fertilizer prepared by combining kitchen waste with agricultural and forestry waste has reasonable carbon-nitrogen ratio, the seed germination rate (GI) reaches more than 80%, and after the kitchen waste organic fertilizer is applied, the volume weight of soil is reduced, the air permeability porosity is increased, the microbial activity is promoted, the activity of soil enzyme is enhanced, the contents of N, P, K and other nutrients and soil trace elements in the soil are increased, so that the purpose of improving the soil is achieved, and a good foundation is laid for the improvement of saline-alkali soil;
2. hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) is a low molecular weight scale inhibition and dispersion agent, which has good scale inhibition and dispersion effects on carbonate at the temperature below 300 ℃, when the hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride is applied to agricultural soil conditioners, the HPMA and calcium carbonate and other different soil minerals in soil colloids undergo strong chemical reactions, so that the structure and chemical composition of soil grains are influenced, the grain size of the soil colloids is increased, the function of soil aggregates is stabilized, the soil permeability is improved, soil desalination is promoted, soil salt return is inhibited, the soil alkalinity is neutralized, the harm of salt to crops is reduced, and the purpose of improving the soil structure is achieved;
3. the microbial compound bacteria added in the invention mainly adopt lactic acid bacteria for degrading heavy metal and pesticide residues and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and putrefying bacteria, the compound bacteria generate various organic acids in the fermentation process, mainly comprising lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, phenyllactic acid and the like, and the acids are combined with ions of iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and the like while the pH of the soil is reduced, so that the insoluble phosphate is dissolved, and the function of relieving the salinization of the soil is achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described by examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
s1, taking kitchen waste as a raw material, removing impurities, deoiling and desalting, adding edible fungus residues, wheat straws, rice hulls and rice chaffs, vinasse and wood chips, drying to obtain a kitchen waste dried substance, adding lime, adjusting pH, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a kitchen waste organic fertilizer; the using amount of the kitchen waste is more than 60% of the total amount of the kitchen waste dried matter, and the proportion of the edible fungus residues, the wheat straws, the rice hulls, the rice chaffs, the vinasse and the wood chips is 2: 2: 1: 1: 2, the lime amount is 0.5 of the total amount of the dried kitchen waste, the pH value is adjusted to 5.0, and the mixture is aerobically fermented until the water content is less than 30%.
S2, selecting 20 parts of lactobacillus casei, 20 parts of lactobacillus brevis, 40 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and metabolites (lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, extracellular polysaccharide, bacteriocin and the like) thereof to prepare a microbial compound microbial inoculum; the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108CFU/mL；
S3, selecting 20 parts of attapulgite, 20 parts of vinasse biochar, 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 15 parts of diatom, 10 parts of calcium humate, 5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 2 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to prepare an auxiliary material mixture, and compounding the auxiliary material mixture with kitchen waste organic fertilizer and a microbial composite microbial inoculum; the compound mass ratio is as follows: 75 parts of kitchen waste organic fertilizer, 1 part of microbial compound inoculant and 15 parts of auxiliary material mixture;
and S4, adjusting the water content to 5 percent and adjusting the pH to 5.0 to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
The raw material for adjusting the pH is any one or a mixture of a plurality of components selected from calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, and in this embodiment, a mixture of calcium hydroxide and magnesium oxide is selected.
Before spring sowing or after autumn harvest, the alkaline soil conditioner is turned into soil by a rotary cultivator, the single dosage is 200 kg/mu, fertilization is not needed in the period, each crop is used for multiple times, the concentration dosage in the seedling stage is reduced by half, the land is leveled after the application, and the micro-area terrain with enriched salt is removed.
Example 2
A preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
s1, taking kitchen waste as a raw material, removing impurities, deoiling and desalting, adding edible fungus residues, wheat straws, rice hulls and rice chaffs, vinasse and wood chips, drying to obtain a kitchen waste dried substance, adding lime, adjusting pH, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a kitchen waste organic fertilizer; the using amount of the kitchen waste is more than 60% of the total amount of the kitchen waste dried matter, and the proportion of the edible fungus residues, the wheat straws, the rice hulls, the rice chaffs, the vinasse and the wood chips is 2: 2: 1: 1: 2, the lime amount is 0.75 percent of the total amount of the dried kitchen waste, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5, and the mixture is aerobically fermented until the water content is less than 30 percent.
S2, selecting 25 parts of lactobacillus casei, 30 parts of lactobacillus brevis, 45 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and metabolites thereof to prepare a microbial compound microbial inoculum; the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108CFU/mL；
S3, selecting 25 parts of attapulgite, 22 parts of vinasse biochar, 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 17 parts of diatom, 12 parts of calcium humate, 7 parts of polyglutamic acid and 3 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to prepare an auxiliary material mixture, and compounding the auxiliary material mixture with kitchen waste organic fertilizer and a microbial composite microbial inoculum; the compound mass ratio is as follows: 80 parts of kitchen waste organic fertilizer, 2 parts of microbial compound bacteria agent and 20 parts of auxiliary material mixture;
and S4, adjusting the water content to 20 percent and adjusting the pH to 6.0 to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
The raw material for adjusting the pH is any one or a mixture of a plurality of components of calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. In this example, a mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide is used.
Before spring sowing or after autumn harvesting, the alkaline soil conditioner is ploughed into soil by a rotary cultivator or a plough, the single dosage is 300 kg/mu, fertilization is not needed in the period, each crop is used for multiple times, the concentration dosage in the seedling stage is reduced by half, the land is leveled after application, and the micro-area terrain with enriched salt is removed.
Example 3
A preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
s1, taking kitchen waste as a raw material, removing impurities, deoiling and desalting, adding edible fungus residues, wheat straws, rice hulls and rice chaffs, vinasse and wood chips, drying to obtain a kitchen waste dried substance, adding lime, adjusting pH, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a kitchen waste organic fertilizer; the using amount of the kitchen waste is more than 60% of the total amount of the kitchen waste dried matter, and the proportion of the edible fungus residues, the wheat straws, the rice hulls, the rice chaffs, the vinasse and the wood chips is 2: 2: 1: 1: 2, the lime amount is 1 percent of the total amount of the dried kitchen residue, the pH value is adjusted to 6.0, and the mixture is aerobically fermented until the water content is less than 30 percent.
S2, selecting 30 parts of lactobacillus casei, 35 parts of lactobacillus brevis, 50 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and metabolites thereof to prepare a microbial compound microbial inoculum; the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108 CFU/mL;
s3, selecting 30 parts of attapulgite, 25 parts of vinasse biochar, 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 20 parts of diatom, 15 parts of calcium humate, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 5 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to prepare an auxiliary material mixture, and compounding the auxiliary material mixture with kitchen waste organic fertilizer and a microbial composite microbial inoculum; the compound mass ratio is as follows: 85 parts of kitchen waste organic fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial compound bacteria agent and 25 parts of auxiliary material mixture;
and S4, adjusting the water content to be 30 percent and adjusting the pH to be 6.0 to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
The raw material for adjusting the pH is any one or a mixture of a plurality of components of calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. In this example, a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate is used.
Before spring sowing or after autumn harvesting, the alkaline soil conditioner is ploughed into soil by a rotary cultivator or a plough, the single dosage is 400 kg/mu, fertilization is not needed in the period, each crop is used for multiple times, the concentration dosage in the seedling stage is reduced by half, the land is leveled after application, and the micro-area terrain with enriched salt is removed.
The purpose of the test is as follows: the application effect of the alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste is verified.
Test materials and sites
The test plants: chinese cabbage.
Test field: in the Suzhou Dongshan vegetable base, the pH value of the original soil is 8.67.
Test method
The experiment set up 6 treatments as follows:
t1: alkaline soil conditioner in example 1;
t2: alkaline soil conditioner in example 2;
t3: alkaline soil conditioner in example 3;
t4: a commodity modifier;
t5: rapeseed cakes and gypsum;
CK: and (4) not processing.
The method adopts open field cultivation, is repeated for three times, treats 12 plants in total, uniformly ploughs and levels, and manages conventionally.
Test results
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on soil Properties
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on soil nutrients
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on soil microorganisms
Conclusion of the experiment
The reasonable application of the alkaline soil conditioner can obviously improve the physicochemical property of the soil, reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the nutrient content in the soil, promote the soil desalination, inhibit the soil salt return, simultaneously improve the microbial community structure, promote the activities of sucrase, acid phosphatase and urease, and lay a solid foundation for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, taking kitchen waste as a raw material, removing impurities, deoiling and desalting, adding edible fungus residues, wheat straws, rice hulls and rice chaffs, vinasse and wood chips, drying to obtain a kitchen waste dried substance, adding lime, adjusting pH, and performing aerobic fermentation to obtain a kitchen waste organic fertilizer;
s2, selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus brevis, lactobacillus plantarum and metabolites thereof to prepare a microbial compound microbial inoculum;
s3, selecting attapulgite, vinasse biochar, desulfurized gypsum, diatom, calcium humate, polyglutamic acid and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to prepare an auxiliary material mixture, and compounding the auxiliary material mixture with kitchen waste organic fertilizer and a microbial composite microbial inoculum;
and S4, adjusting the water content to 5-30%, and adjusting the pH to 5.0-6.0 to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
2. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in S1, the consumption of the kitchen waste is more than 60% of the total amount of the kitchen waste anhydration, and the proportion of the edible fungus dregs, the wheat straw, the rice hull and rice chaff, the vinasse and the wood dust is 2: 2: 1: 1: 2, the lime is used in an amount of 0.5-1% of the total amount of the dried kitchen waste, the pH value is adjusted to 5.0-6.0, and the mixture is aerobically fermented until the water content is less than 30%.
3. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the microbial compound inoculant in the S2 comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of lactobacillus casei, 20-35 parts of lactobacillus brevis and 40-50 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, and the viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 108CFU/mL。
4. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary material mixture in the S3 comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of attapulgite, 20-25 parts of vinasse biochar, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 15-20 parts of diatomite, 10-15 parts of calcium humate, 5-10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 2-5 parts of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride.
5. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the compound mass ratio in S3 is as follows: 75-85 parts of kitchen waste organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of microbial compound bacteria agent and 15-25 parts of auxiliary material mixture.
6. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner based on kitchen waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the raw material for adjusting the pH in the S4 is any one or a mixture of a plurality of components of calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.
7. The use of the alkaline soil conditioner of claim 1 in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: before the crops are sowed in spring or after the crops are harvested in autumn, the alkaline soil conditioner is ploughed into soil by a rotary cultivator or a plough, the single dosage is 400 kg/mu, fertilization is not needed in the period, each crop is used for multiple times, the concentration dosage in the seedling stage is reduced by half, the land is leveled after the application, and the micro-domain terrain enriched with salt is removed.
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| CN115073237A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-20 | 杭州师范大学 | Method for preparing soil conditioner by utilizing kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings |
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| CN110746240A (en) * | 2019-11-09 | 2020-02-04 | 董霞 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115073237A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-20 | 杭州师范大学 | Method for preparing soil conditioner by utilizing kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings |
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