CN108675904A - A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108675904A CN108675904A CN201810917196.9A CN201810917196A CN108675904A CN 108675904 A CN108675904 A CN 108675904A CN 201810917196 A CN201810917196 A CN 201810917196A CN 108675904 A CN108675904 A CN 108675904A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the organic fertilizer includes following raw materials：Agricultural crop straw, animal wastes, vermiculite, microbial fermentation complexing agent.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Organic fertilizer of the present invention carries out refuse reclamation, reduces the pollution of environment and the application of inorganic fertilizer.Abundant nutritional ingredient can be provided for crop using organic fertilizer of the present invention, can improve resistivity of the crops to pest and disease damage, improve the yield and quality of crops, and organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency of the present invention is more lasting；The structure that soil can be improved, plays the role of purification and rehabilitating soil, and soil is made to become soft, improves the moisture and air conditions of soil, is conducive to the ability that root growth increases soil fertilizer water conservation.In addition, the preparation method of organic fertilizer of the present invention is fairly simple, the period is short, and cost of labor is few, is suitble to be widely popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production fertilizer fields, and in particular to a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Currently, the especially agriculture developed regions in most of China area, nitrogen application severely exceed, chemical fertilizer return rate is year by year
Decline, and causes serious pollution.It is long-term largely to apply chemical fertilizer, cause such as soil acidification, hardened, fertility decline, underground
Water nitrate content is exceeded and a series of serious ecological environment problems such as atmosphere pollution, body eutrophication.
And the wideling popularize in the national ecological agriculture with biological organic fertilizer, peasant have had it certain understanding and have recognized
Can, China agricultural, commodities market is being continuously increased the demand of biological organic fertilizer, first, with animal wastes, stalk, agricultural and sideline product and
The solid waste of food processing, the organic fertilizer that organic waste ferments by beneficial microbe, is process, tool small investment, raw material
The advantages that being easy to get, is at low cost, ecological benefits can not be ignored, secondly, using its nutriture value of organic fertilizer production agricultural product
Value and economic value are all very high, furthermore, it can reduce dirt of the chemicals to environment with brutish excrement production organic fertilizer
Dye.And organic fertilizer need it is decomposed after could use, the period is longer, and the cost of labor needed is bigger, and accumulating corruption
In ripe process, because the impurity of organic fertilizer is more, purity deviation is larger, content is unstable can not ensure using nutrient content and
Effect.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of organic fertilizer, production method is simple and contained nutrition content is more steady
It is fixed.
A kind of organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following weight parts：50-60 parts of agricultural crop straw, 20-25 parts of animal wastes,
6-12 parts of vermiculite, 3-6 parts of microbial fermentation complexing agent.
Further, the organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following weight method：55 parts of agricultural crop straw, animal wastes 22
Part, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of microbial fermentation complexing agent.
Further, the agricultural crop straw is one kind in wheat stalk, rice straw, maize straw or soybean stalk
Or several mixtures.
Further, the microbial fermentation complexing agent is prepared by bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
Agricultural crop straw is the general name of ripe crops stem and leaf part, and the photosynthetic product of crops has more than half to deposit
It is in stalk, for stalk rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc., being one kind having multiduty renewable biological source.
Agricultural crop straw can reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizer as fertilizer, have the function of drought-relief, can inhibit soil water evaporation, storage
Deposit precipitation.In addition, containing a small amount of photodynamic species in stalk, biology increases sharply after returning to the field, biological activity of soil progress, contacts enzyme activity
Property can add 47%, promote the soda acid of soil balanced, nutrition construction tends to be reasonable, and can reduce the incidence of pest and disease damage.
The a quarter of animal wastes be moisture, remaining be that protein, inorganic matter, fat, indigested food are fine mostly
Dimension, dewatered digestive juice are remaining, and the cell to fall off from enteron aisle and the bacterium to die, also vitamin K and vitamin B.
The main component of animal wastes is cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and its decomposes ingredient, fat, organic acid, enzyme
With various inorganic salts, the nutrient contained by animal wastes is more comprehensive, and fertilizer efficiency is stable and lasting, not only contain it is various a large amount of and in it is micro-
Nutrient is measured, and the substance of root growth and various beneficial edaphons can be stimulated containing some, soil can also be improved
The structure of earth can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and soil is made to become soft, improve the moisture and air conditions of soil, profit
In root growth, increase soil fertilizer water retention property, improve ground temperature, promotes beneficial microorganism activity and breeding in soil.This
The excrement of pig, ox, sheep, horse or other animals can be made by inventing the animal wastes.
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, inorganic, nontoxic minerals, the dilatable mineral under high temperature action.Have chesson,
The small feature of temperature change is conducive to the growth of crop, can also reduce the input of fertilizer.
Bacillus subtilis is one kind of bacillus, is a kind of aerobic bacteria, available protein, a variety of sugar and shallow lake
Powder decomposes tryptophan and forms indoles.Can purify and rehabilitating soil, reduce corps diseases, promote agricultural crop straw and
The ripe decomposed utilization of rubbish, improving crop products quality and food security etc. has irreplaceable role.In addition, withered
Careless bacillus can generate the substance of similar cell mitogen, auxin, and the growth of plant is promoted to make plant resistant
The infringement of pathogen.Embodiment as one preferred, heretofore described bacillus subtilis are (Bacillus
Subtilis), culture presevation number is CGMCC No.7926.
Bacillus licheniformis is a kind of common Gram-positive thermophilic bacteria in the soil, can generate various active substance
Stimulate plant growth, be not only able to inhibit phytopathogen, but also can inducing plant itself disease resistance mechanisms to enhance plant
The effect of the disease-resistant performance of object.Bacillus licheniformis can improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, inhibit crops to nitrate nitrogen, heavy metal,
The absorption of pesticide, purification and rehabilitating soil reduce corps diseases, promote the decomposed profit of agricultural crop straw and municipal refuse
With.Embodiment as one preferred, heretofore described bacillus licheniformis are bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus
Licheniformis), culture presevation number is CGMCC No.8345.
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation complexing agent, includes the following steps：
A, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are seeded in respectively on solid medium, in 20-30 DEG C of condition
Lower culture 18-24h, obtains first order seed；
B, the first order seed for obtaining step a is inoculated into fluid nutrient medium, is 20-30 DEG C in temperature, mixing speed is
Shaken cultivation 18-36h under conditions of 150-200r/min, is then transferred in liquid fermentation tank, is 40% or more in oxygen dissolved,
Tank pressure is 0.4Mpa-0.6Mpa, and temperature is seed tank culture 36-48h under conditions of 20-30 DEG C, is finally inoculated into solid culture
On base, 38-48h is cultivated under conditions of temperature is 20-30 DEG C, until the viable count in product reaches 2 × 108A/g-8 × 108
A/g.
Further, the fluid nutrient medium is：The mixture of brown sugar, cornstarch, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate and water；Institute
Stating solid medium is：Meat extract peptone culture medium.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer, includes the following steps：
(1) agricultural crop straw and animal wastes are dried respectively, then are ground into powder；Vermiculite is ground into vermiculite power
End is spare；
(2) the agricultural crop straw powder of above-mentioned parts by weight, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder are added in reaction kettle,
The water for adding 20-30 parts, is mixed evenly, and obtains mixture；
(3) by mixture obtained by step (2), under the high temperature conditions, air blast is simultaneously mixed, and obtains reactant；
(4) reactant is discharged by discharging valve of reaction kettle, microbial fermentation complexing agent is added into reactant, be mixed equal
It is even, it stacks 10-15 days naturally, carries out primary turn over daily and push away, obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, the fineness of agricultural crop straw powder, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder is 30-50 mesh.
Further, in step (3), the temperature of the high temperature is 90-100 DEG C, and the speed of the stirring is 5-10r/
min.High temperature can promote the decomposed of agricultural crop straw and animal wastes, accelerate its decomposed process, and under stirring conditions
It carries out, it is ensured that the raw material in organic fertilizer can fully ferment, and the nutrient of organic fertilizer and content is made to be guaranteed.
Further, the speed of air blast is：With 8-9 cubic metres of speed raw material air blast into autoclave body per minute.Air blast can
To promote the aerobic fermentation of organic fertilizer raw material, the nutrient of organic fertilizer ensure that.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Organic fertilizer of the present invention carries out refuse reclamation, reduces the pollution of environment
And the application of inorganic fertilizer.Abundant nutritional ingredient can be provided for crop using organic fertilizer of the present invention, can improve farming
Object improves the yield and quality of crops, and organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency of the present invention is more lasting to the resistivity of pest and disease damage；
The structure that soil can be improved, plays the role of purification and rehabilitating soil, and soil is made to become soft, improves the moisture and air of soil
Condition is conducive to the ability that root growth increases soil fertilizer water conservation.
The preparation method of organic fertilizer of the present invention is fairly simple, and the period is short, and cost of labor is few, is suitble to be widely popularized.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one
A kind of organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following weight parts：Agricultural crop straw 50kg, animal wastes 25kg, vermiculite
6kg, microbial fermentation complexing agent 5kg.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer, includes the following steps：(1) agricultural crop straw and animal wastes are carried out respectively
It is dry, then it is ground into powder；It is spare that vermiculite is ground into vermiculite power end；
(2) the agricultural crop straw powder of above-mentioned parts by weight, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder are added in reaction kettle,
The water for adding 20kg, is mixed evenly, and obtains mixture；
(3) by mixture obtained by step (2), under the high temperature conditions, air blast is simultaneously mixed, and obtains reactant；
(4) reactant is discharged by discharging valve of reaction kettle, microbial fermentation complexing agent is added into reactant, be mixed equal
It is even, it stacks 11 days naturally, carries out primary turn over daily and push away, obtain the organic fertilizer.
Embodiment two
A kind of organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following weight parts：Wheat stalk 60kg, animal wastes 25kg, vermiculite 12kg,
Microbial fermentation complexing agent 6kg；The microbial fermentation complexing agent is prepared by bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis；
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation complexing agent is：
A, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are seeded in respectively on solid medium, are trained under conditions of 30 DEG C
It supports for 24 hours, obtains first order seed；
B, the first order seed for obtaining step a is inoculated into fluid nutrient medium, is 30 DEG C in temperature, mixing speed is
Shaken cultivation 36h under conditions of 200r/min, is then transferred in liquid fermentation tank, is 40% or more in oxygen dissolved, tank pressure is
0.6Mpa, temperature are seed tank culture 48h under conditions of 30 DEG C, are finally inoculated on solid medium, are 30 DEG C in temperature
Under the conditions of cultivate 48h, until the viable count in product reaches 8 × 108A/g.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is：(1) agricultural crop straw and animal wastes are dried respectively, then crushed
It is 50 mesh powders at fineness；It is spare that vermiculite is ground into the vermiculite powder that fineness is 50 mesh；
(2) the agricultural crop straw powder of above-mentioned parts by weight, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder are added in reaction kettle,
The water for adding 30kg, is mixed evenly, and obtains mixture；
(3) by mixture obtained by step (2) in the case where temperature is 100 DEG C of hot conditions, with 9 cubic metres of speed per minute
Into autoclave body, raw material air blast and low whipping speed are mixed under conditions of being 10r/min, obtain reactant；
(4) reactant is discharged by discharging valve of reaction kettle, microbial fermentation complexing agent is added into reactant, be mixed equal
It is even, it stacks 15 days naturally, carries out primary turn over daily and push away, obtain the organic fertilizer.
Embodiment three
A kind of organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following weight parts：The mixture of the quality such as wheat stalk and rice straw
55kg, animal wastes 22kg, vermiculite 10kg, microbial fermentation complexing agent 5kg；The microbial fermentation complexing agent is by withered grass gemma
Bacillus and bacillus licheniformis are prepared；
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation complexing agent is：
A, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are seeded in respectively on solid medium, are trained under conditions of 25 DEG C
20h is supported, first order seed is obtained；
B, the first order seed for obtaining step a, be inoculated into fluid nutrient medium (fluid nutrient medium be brown sugar, corn
The mixture of starch, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate and water), it is 25 DEG C in temperature, mixing speed vibrates training under conditions of being 180r/min
28h is supported, is then transferred in liquid fermentation tank, is 40% or more in oxygen dissolved, tank pressure is 0.5Mpa, the condition that temperature is 25 DEG C
Lower seed tank culture 40h is finally inoculated on solid medium (solid medium is meat extract peptone culture medium), in temperature
Degree cultivates 43h under conditions of being 25 DEG C, until the viable count in product reaches 6 × 108A/g.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is：(1) agricultural crop straw and animal wastes are dried respectively, then crushed
It is 40 mesh powders at fineness；It is spare that vermiculite is ground into the vermiculite powder that fineness is 40 mesh；
(2) the agricultural crop straw powder of above-mentioned parts by weight, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder are added in reaction kettle,
The water for adding 25kg, is mixed evenly, and obtains mixture；
(3) by mixture obtained by step (2) in the case where temperature is 95 DEG C of hot conditions, with 8 cubic metres of speed per minute
Into autoclave body, raw material air blast and low whipping speed are mixed under conditions of being 7r/min, obtain reactant；
(4) reactant is discharged by discharging valve of reaction kettle, microbial fermentation complexing agent is added into reactant, be mixed equal
It is even, it stacks 12 days naturally, carries out primary turn over daily and push away, obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example IV
A kind of organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following weight parts：Wheat stalk, rice straw, maize straw and big beanstalk
Mixture 60kg, animal wastes 25kg, vermiculite 12kg, the microbial fermentation complexing agent 6kg of the quality such as stalk；The microbial fermentation
Complexing agent is prepared by bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis；
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation complexing agent is：
A, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are seeded in respectively on solid medium, are trained under conditions of 20 DEG C
18h is supported, first order seed is obtained；
B, the first order seed for obtaining step a, be inoculated into fluid nutrient medium (fluid nutrient medium be brown sugar, corn
The mixture of starch, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate and water), it is 20 DEG C in temperature, mixing speed vibrates training under conditions of being 150r/min
18h is supported, is then transferred in liquid fermentation tank, is 40% or more in oxygen dissolved, tank pressure is 0.4Mpa, the condition that temperature is 20 DEG C
Lower seed tank culture 36h is finally inoculated on solid medium (solid medium is meat extract peptone culture medium), in temperature
Degree cultivates 38h under conditions of being 20 DEG C, until the viable count in product reaches 2 × 108A/g.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is：(1) agricultural crop straw and animal wastes are dried respectively, then crushed
It is 30 mesh powders at fineness；It is spare that vermiculite is ground into the vermiculite powder that fineness is 30 mesh；
(2) the agricultural crop straw powder of above-mentioned parts by weight, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder are added in reaction kettle,
The water for adding 20kg, is mixed evenly, and obtains mixture；
(3) by step (2) gained mixture under hot conditions at a temperature of 90 °C, with 8 cubic metres of speed per minute
Into autoclave body, raw material air blast and low whipping speed are mixed under conditions of being 5r/min, obtain reactant；
(4) reactant is discharged by discharging valve of reaction kettle, microbial fermentation complexing agent is added into reactant, be mixed equal
It is even, it stacks 10 days naturally, carries out primary turn over daily and push away, obtain the organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer that embodiment 3 is obtained carries out the detection of physical index and chemical index, the results are shown in Table 1 and table 2：
1 organic fertilizer rotten degree physical index of the present invention of table：
| Appearance | Color | Smell | Fineness |
| Loosely | Black | Free from extraneous odour | It is relatively thin |
As it can be seen from table 1 organic fertilizer of the present invention has obtained good fermentation, i.e., decomposed effect is relatively good.
2 organic fertilizer nutrient of the present invention of table detects
| Detection project | Full nitrogen | P205 | K2O | Organic matter | Water |
| Measured result | 4.52% | 3.17% | 3.22% | 62.1% | 10% |
From table 2 it can be seen that organic fertilizer of the present invention contains abundant nutritional ingredient, needed for crop growth
The nutritional ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
Organic fertilizer described in embodiment three and the influence that comparative example fertilizer grows tomato are as shown in table 3：(comparative example fertilizer
Material is commercially available compound fertilizer Waterville, and containing high fertile industry Co., Ltd by Shandong provides), when using fertilizer, broadcast in tomato
It when preplanting treatment, is uniformly sprinkled into, per acre dosage 40kg, is applied for second when as after planting one and a half months, per acre dosage 30kg；
Table 3
From table 3 it can be seen that the growth using the tomato of organic fertilizer described in the embodiment of the present invention three is obviously superior to
Using the growth of commercially available inorganic fertilizer tomato, using the single fruit weight of organic fertilizer tomato described in embodiment three, per per mu yield
And the appearance of tomato is superior to the tomato using inorganic fertilizer.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone can show that other are various under the inspiration of the present invention
The product of form, however, make any variation in its details, it is every that there is technical solution identical or similar to the present application,
It is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the raw material including following weight parts：50-60 parts of agricultural crop straw, animal wastes
20-25 parts, 6-12 parts of vermiculite, 3-6 parts of microbial fermentation complexing agent.
2. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw material including following weight parts：Crops straw
55 parts of stalk, 22 parts of animal wastes, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of microbial fermentation complexing agent.
3. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the agricultural crop straw is wheat stalk, rice
One or more of stalk, maize straw or soybean stalk mixture.
4. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the microbial fermentation complexing agent is by withered grass gemma
Bacillus and bacillus licheniformis are prepared.
5. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the preparation side of the microbial fermentation complexing agent
Method includes the following steps：
A, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are seeded in respectively on solid medium, are trained under conditions of 20-30 DEG C
18-24h is supported, first order seed is obtained；
B, the first order seed for obtaining step a is inoculated into fluid nutrient medium, is 20-30 DEG C in temperature, mixing speed 150-
Shaken cultivation 18-36h under conditions of 200r/min, is then transferred in liquid fermentation tank, is 40% or more in oxygen dissolved, tank pressure
For 0.4Mpa-0.6Mpa, temperature is seed tank culture 36-48h under conditions of 20-30 DEG C, is finally inoculated on solid medium,
38-48h is cultivated under conditions of temperature is 20-30 DEG C, until the viable count in product reaches 2 × 108A/g-8 × 108A/g.
6. a kind of organic fertilizer according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the fluid nutrient medium is：Brown sugar, corn form sediment
The mixture of powder, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate and water；The solid medium is：Meat extract peptone culture medium.
7. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer described in claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) agricultural crop straw and animal wastes are dried respectively, then are ground into powder；It is standby that vermiculite is ground into vermiculite power end
With；
(2) the agricultural crop straw powder of above-mentioned parts by weight, animal wastes powder and vermiculite powder are added in reaction kettle, then added
The water for entering 20-30 parts, is mixed evenly, and obtains mixture；
(3) by mixture obtained by step (2), under the high temperature conditions, air blast is simultaneously mixed, and obtains reactant；
(4) reactant is discharged by discharging valve of reaction kettle, microbial fermentation complexing agent is added into reactant, is mixed evenly,
Naturally it stacks 10-15 days, carries out primary turn over daily and push away, obtain the organic fertilizer.
8. the preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that agricultural crop straw powder, animal wastes
The fineness of powder and vermiculite powder is 30-50 mesh.
9. the preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (3), the temperature of the high temperature
It it is 90-100 DEG C, the speed of the stirring is 5-10r/min.
10. the preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the speed of air blast is：With 8- per minute
The raw material air blast into autoclave body of 9 cubic metres of speed.
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| CN201810917196.9A CN108675904A (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201810917196.9A CN108675904A (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN110105140A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-09 | 广州天适立农生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of zymotechnique that fertilizer nutrient content can be improved |
| CN111285746A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-06-16 | 张松洋 | Special organic fertilizer for pear trees |
| CN111302870A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-06-19 | 张松洋 | Special organic fertilizer for apple trees |
| CN111393234A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-07-10 | 张松洋 | Special organic fertilizer for grapevines |
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| CN111285746A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-06-16 | 张松洋 | Special organic fertilizer for pear trees |
| CN111302870A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-06-19 | 张松洋 | Special organic fertilizer for apple trees |
| CN111393234A (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2020-07-10 | 张松洋 | Special organic fertilizer for grapevines |
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