CN115448800B - Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115448800B CN115448800B CN202211064481.3A CN202211064481A CN115448800B CN 115448800 B CN115448800 B CN 115448800B CN 202211064481 A CN202211064481 A CN 202211064481A CN 115448800 B CN115448800 B CN 115448800B
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 56
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- -1 calcium-selenium modified carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 35
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001577 potassium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-IGMARMGPSA-N Calcium-40 Chemical compound [40Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly discloses a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The application provides a bio-organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal manure; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB complex bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB complex bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis. The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the application can effectively improve the yield of rice, and can effectively reduce the content of effective cadmium and the content of brown rice cadmium in soil, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of soil refers to the phenomenon that the heavy metal content in the soil is obviously higher than the original content due to the fact that the heavy metal is added into the soil through human activities, and the ecological environment quality is deteriorated, and with the development of technologies and the acceleration of industrialization processes, the heavy metal pollution of the soil in China becomes a non-negligible environmental pollution problem.
The mobility of heavy metal pollutants in soil is poor, the retention time is long, and most microorganisms cannot degrade the heavy metal pollutants, so the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil is difficult to solve. In the heavy metal pollution of soil, cadmium is one of the elements with the strongest biotoxicity, and seriously affects the production of food crops in the soil.
The rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, the improvement of the safety of rice production is the important guarantee of the grain safety in China, and the rice has important effects on the world grain safety. However, the problem of cadmium metal pollution in paddy field soil is more serious, and rice enriched with cadmium metal grows out of paddy field polluted by cadmium metal and is easy to accumulate in human body through food chain, thereby causing serious harm to human health. Therefore, the treatment of the cadmium metal pollution of the rice field is not slow.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the effective cadmium content of soil and the cadmium content of brown rice in a paddy field, ensure the production safety of paddy rice planting and improve the yield of paddy rice, the application provides a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a bio-organic fertilizer, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal manure; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB complex bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB complex bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis.
At least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis are used as BGB composite bacteria, and then calcium selenium modified carbon-based materials, animal manure, humic acid, BGB composite bacteria and mineral powder are used for preparing a biological organic fertilizer, and the biological organic fertilizer is used for the synergistic cooperation of various components in the biological organic fertilizer in rice planting, so that the fertility of rice field soil can be improved, and the yield of rice is improved; meanwhile, the bio-organic fertilizer plays a role in passivating cadmium in soil, and can effectively reduce the content of cadmium in the soil in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
According to the method, the carbonized material of crop straws is modified by using the calcium element and the selenium element to obtain the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, and the calcium-based load has pore-forming characteristics on the modified carbon-based material, so that the specific surface area and the total porosity of the modified carbon-based material are improved, and the activation of functional groups in the modified carbon-based material is improved, so that the adsorption effect of the modified carbon-based material on heavy metal cadmium is further improved; the modified carbon-based material rich in selenium can form a cadmium-selenium-organic compound with organic matters and cadmium elements in the biological organic fertilizer, so that the effect of reducing the cadmium content in the soil in an effective state is achieved, meanwhile, selenium has an antagonistic effect, the absorption of cadmium elements by rice can be competitively inhibited, the migration and enrichment of the cadmium elements to plants are prevented, and the cadmium content of brown rice is effectively reduced.
The animal manure in the biological organic fertilizer has wide sources and low cost, can improve the fertility of paddy soil, and can provide carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other various trace elements for crops, thereby being beneficial to improving the yield of paddy rice. Humic acid is an organic substance formed in a series of geochemistry processes through microbial decomposition and transformation of animal and plant remains; humic acid contains carboxyl, hydroxyl, methoxy and other functional groups, and the functional groups can exchange, adsorb, complex, chelate and the like with metal ions, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the cadmium content in soil; meanwhile, organic matters in the humic acid can promote the growth and development of crops, so that the yield of rice is effectively improved. In addition, mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer has a loose and porous internal structure, a large specific surface area and good adsorption effect on metal cadmium.
The application utilizes the combined action of the BGB composite bacteria and other effective components in the biological organic fertilizer, can accelerate the full release of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements in organic matters, is favorable for improving the fertility of soil, stimulates the rapid growth of crops, and effectively improves the yield of rice. On the other hand, under the promotion effect of the BGB composite bacteria, other components in the agricultural organic fertilizer can generate various organic matters with active groups, and the organic matters have higher cation exchange capacity, adsorption capacity and complexation capacity on metal cadmium, so that the mobility and effectiveness of the metal cadmium in soil are reduced, the absorption and accumulation of the crop rice on the cadmium are reduced, and the aim of reducing the cadmium content of brown rice is fulfilled.
The bacillus licheniformis strain is BGB-83R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24182; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is BGB-95R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24545; the bacillus subtilis is BGB-99RR with the preservation number of CGMCC No.24391.
In a specific embodiment, the BGB composite bacteria may be added in an amount of 0.5 parts, 1.3 parts, 2 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the BGB complex may be added in an amount of 0.5-1.3 parts, 1.3-2 parts.
Experimental analysis shows that when the addition amount of the BGB complex bacteria is controlled within the range, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content can be further reduced. Therefore, the present application chooses to control the amount of BGB complex to be added within the above range.
Preferably, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material comprises the following components in parts by weight: charring material of crop straw: calcium element: elemental selenium = 10: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the charring material of the crop straw, the calcium element and the selenium element can be: 10:0.2:0.12, 10:0.5:0.12, 10:0.8:0.12, 10:0.2:0.08, 10:0.5:0.08, 10:0.8:0.08, 10:0.2:0.16, 10:0.5:0.16, 10:0.8:0.16 part,
In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the charring material of the crop straw, the calcium element and the selenium element may be: 10: (0.2-0.5): 0.08, 10: (0.2-0.8): 0.08, 10: (0.5-0.8): 0.08, 10: (0.2-0.5): 0.12, 10: (0.2-0.8): 0.12, 10: (0.5-0.8): 0.12, 10: (0.2-0.5): 0.16, 10: (0.2-0.8): 0.16, 10: (0.5-0.8): 0.16, 10:0.2: (0.08-0.12), 10:0.2: (0.08-0.16), 10:0.2: (0.12-0.16), 10:0.5: (0.08-0.12), 10:0.5: (0.08-0.16), 10:0.5: (0.12-0.16), 10:0.8: (0.08-0.12), 10:0.8: (0.08-0.16), 10:0.8: (0.12-0.16).
Experimental analysis shows that when the weight ratio of the charring material of the crop straw to the calcium element to the selenium element is controlled within the range, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content can be further reduced. Therefore, the weight ratio of the charring material, the calcium element and the selenium element of the crop straw is controlled in the range.
Further, the crop straw is one or more selected from wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw and rice straw.
Preferably, the BGB complex bacteria are bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis; the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.2-0.4).
Experimental analysis shows that compared with the method of simultaneously using bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or selectively using bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis and further or selectively using bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis, the method selects the simultaneous use of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis as BGB composite bacteria, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the available cadmium content and brown rice cadmium content in soil can be further reduced. Thus, the present application chooses to use bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis simultaneously as BGB complex.
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis may be 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4.
in some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis may also be 1: (0.2-0.3), 1: (0.3-0.4).
Experimental analysis shows that when the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is controlled within the range, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content can be further reduced. Thus, the present application chooses to control the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis to bacillus subtilis within the above range.
Further, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
Further, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the mineral powder is selected from one or more of medical stone powder, phosphate rock powder, mica powder and potassium mineral powder.
Further, the granularity of the medical stone powder is 120-180 meshes.
Further, the granularity of the ground phosphate rock is 200-260 meshes.
Further, the particle size of the mica powder is 400-600 meshes.
Further, the granularity of the potassium mineral powder is 200-400 meshes.
Experimental analysis shows that compared with the method for selecting and using phosphate rock powder, mica powder or potassium mineral powder, the method for selecting and using medical stone powder as mineral powder can further improve the yield of rice and further reduce the cadmium content of effective state and brown rice in soil. Therefore, medical stone powder is selected to be used as mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the animal manure is selected from one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and cow manure.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above bio-organic fertilizer, specifically including the following steps:
s1: preparing a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material: placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, and calcining to prepare a carbonized material of the crop straws; then placing the mixture into a mixed solution of calcium chloride and sodium selenite, regulating the pH to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 4-8 hours, and placing the mixture at 120-150 ℃ for drying and crushing to prepare the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material;
s2: mixing: weighing the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal manure and the humic acid according to a formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3: fermentation: weighing the BGB composite bacteria, dissolving the BGB composite bacteria in water to obtain microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture in the step S2, uniformly stirring, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment to obtain a fermentation product;
s4: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and fully mixing the fermentation product with the mineral powder, and crushing the mixture into particles to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step S1, the ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straw to the mixed solution is: 0.3-0.9kg/L.
Further, in the step S1, the parameter conditions of the calcination are as follows: the heating rate is 10-18 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the calcination time is 4-5h.
Preferably, in the step S3, the temperature of the compost fermentation treatment is 50±10 ℃.
According to the preparation method, the biological organic fertilizer is prepared through the process of preparing the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, mixing with other components, composting, fermenting and crushing into particles, and is used in rice planting, so that the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content can be effectively reduced.
In a third aspect, the application provides the application of the bio-organic fertilizer in crop planting.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice by using the bio-organic fertilizer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: 480-520kg of the bio-organic fertilizer and 28-32kg of the blending fertilizer N-P are applied to each mu of paddy field one week before the transplanting of the paddy 2 O 5 -K 2 O；
S2: after one week of rice transplanting, dressing 40-60kg of the bio-organic fertilizer and 4.5-6.5kg of urea in each mu of rice field;
s3: in the heading period of rice, 4.5-6.5kg urea and 4.5-6.5kg potassium chloride are applied to each mu of rice field.
The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the method is mixed with the commercially available blended fertilizer N-P one week before rice transplanting 2 O 5 -K 2 O is used as a base fertilizer and is spread in a paddy field; and in the key period of rice growth, namely one week after rice transplanting, the additional fertilizer is carried out, so that the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content can be effectively reduced.
In summary, the technical scheme of the application has the following effects:
the application uses the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, animal manure, humic acid, BGB complex bacteria and mineral powder as the effective components in the bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is used in rice planting, so that the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content can be effectively reduced, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
The BGB composite bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis, the weight ratio among the strains is controlled, the yield of rice is further improved, and the effective cadmium content and the brown rice cadmium content in soil are further reduced.
According to the method, the calcium element and the selenium element are utilized to modify the carbonized material of the crop straw, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is prepared, and is used as an effective component in the biological organic fertilizer to be matched with other components, so that the yield of rice is further improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content are further reduced.
The bio-organic fertilizer is applied one week before rice transplanting and in the key period of rice growth, so that the yield of rice is further improved, and the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content are further reduced.
Detailed Description
In a first aspect, the present application provides a bio-organic fertilizer comprising the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal manure; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB complex bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; wherein the BGB complex bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis.
Specifically, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: charring material of crop straw: calcium element: elemental selenium = 10: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16).
Further, the crop straw is selected from one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw and rice straw.
Meanwhile, the BGB complex bacteria are bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis; the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.2-0.4); further, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
In addition, the mineral powder is selected from one or more of medical stone powder, phosphate rock powder, mica powder and potassium mineral powder; further, the granularity of the medical stone powder is 120-180 meshes, the granularity of the phosphate rock powder is 200-260 meshes, the granularity of the mica powder is 400-600 meshes, and the granularity of the potassium mineral powder is 200-400 meshes.
Preferably, the animal manure is selected from one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and cow manure.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above bio-organic fertilizer, specifically including the following steps:
s1: preparing a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material: placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, and calcining to prepare a carbonized material of the crop straws; then placing the mixture in a mixed solution of calcium chloride and sodium selenite, regulating the pH to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 4-8h, and placing the mixture at 120-150 ℃ for drying and crushing to prepare the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material.
S2: mixing: according to the formula, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, animal waste and humic acid are weighed and evenly mixed to prepare a mixture.
S3: fermentation: weighing BGB composite bacteria, dissolving in water to obtain microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture obtained in the step S2, uniformly stirring, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment to obtain a fermentation product; wherein the bacillus licheniformis strain in the BGB composite bacteria is BGB-83R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24182; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is BGB-95R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24545; the bacillus subtilis is BGB-99RR with the preservation number of CGMCC No.24391.
S4: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and fully mixing the fermentation product with mineral powder, and crushing into particles to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
In the step S1, the ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straw to the mixed solution is as follows: 0.3-0.9kg/L.
Specifically, in step S3, the temperature of the composting fermentation treatment is 50+/-10 ℃.
In a third aspect, the application provides the application of the bio-organic fertilizer in crop planting.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice by using the bio-organic fertilizer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: one week before transplanting, 480-520kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 28-32kg of blending fertilizer N-P are applied to each mu of paddy field 2 O 5 -K 2 O；
S2: after one week of rice transplanting, dressing 40-60kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 4.5-6.5kg of urea in each mu of rice field;
s3: in the heading period of rice, 4.5-6.5kg urea and 4.5-6.5kg potassium chloride are applied to each mu of rice field.
The present application is described in further detail below in connection with preparations 1-29, examples 1-21, comparative examples 1-9, and performance test runs, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed application.
Preparation example
Preparation examples 1 to 9
Preparation examples 1-9 respectively provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
The preparation examples are different in that: the adding amount of each component in the BGB composite bacteria in the biological organic fertilizer. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of each preparation example specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material
Placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 15 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, the carbonization temperature to be 450 ℃, and the calcination time to be 4 hours, and obtaining carbonized crop straw materials after calcination; then weighing 10kg of carbonized crop straw, placing in 20L of mixed solution containing 1.3875kg of calcium chloride and 0.2628kg of sodium selenite, adjusting pH to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 6h, and then placing in 130 ℃ for drying to obtain a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; wherein, the weight ratio of the charring material of the crop straw to the calcium element to the selenium element is 10:0.5:0.12.
s2: mixing material
According to the formula, 10kg of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, 220kg of air-dried pig manure and 18kg of humic acid are weighed and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
S2: fermentation:
according to Table 1, weighing corresponding BGB composite bacteria, dissolving in 200kg of water to obtain microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture in the step S1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the bacillus licheniformis strain in the BGB composite bacteria is BGB-83R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24182; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is BGB-95R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24545; the bacillus subtilis is BGB-99RR with the preservation number of CGMCC No.24391.
Piling up the fermentation mixture into a strip pile with the height of 1+/-0.2 m and the width of 2.5+/-0.5 m, covering and sealing with a plastic film, carrying out composting fermentation, turning the fermentation mixture over every time the temperature rises to 50+/-10 ℃ during the fermentation period until the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, re-piling up the fermentation mixture into the strip pile, repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the fermentation mixture is maintained to the room temperature and does not rise any more, and ending the fermentation process to obtain a fermentation product.
S3: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: weighing 25kg of mineral powder, fully mixing with the fermentation product, and crushing into particles with the particle size of 0.5+/-0.2 mm to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer; wherein the mineral powder is Maifanitum powder with particle size of 150 mesh.
TABLE 1 addition amount of each component in BGB Complex bacteria in preparation examples 1 to 9
Preparation examples 10 to 17
Preparation examples 10-17 respectively provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 3 in that: the addition amount of each component in the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material. As shown in table 2. Wherein the addition amount of calcium hydroxide=the addition amount of calcium element/40×111; sodium selenite addition = selenium addition/79×173.
TABLE 2 weight ratio of the components in the calcium selenium modified carbon-based Material in preparation examples 3, 10-17
PREPARATION EXAMPLES 18 to 23
Preparation examples 18-23 each provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 3 in that: type of BGB complex. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 kinds and addition amounts of BGB complex bacteria in preparation examples 3 and 18 to 23
PREPARATION EXAMPLES 24 to 26
Preparation examples 24-26 each provided a bio-organic fertilizer.
Each of the above preparation examples is different from preparation example 3 in that: the type of mineral powder. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 kinds of mineral powders in preparation examples 3, 24-26
Preparation example 27
The preparation example provides a biological organic fertilizer.
The present preparation example differs from preparation example 3 in that: the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is changed into a carbonized material of crop straws, namely, the step S1 is different. Step S1 of this preparation example is specifically as follows:
s1: preparation of charring material of crop straw
Placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 15 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, the carbonization temperature to be 450 ℃, and the calcination time to be 4 hours, and obtaining the carbonized material of the crop straws after calcination.
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 28
The preparation example provides a biological organic fertilizer.
The present preparation example differs from preparation example 3 in that: the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is modified into a calcium-modified carbon-based material, and the step S1 is different. Step S1 of this preparation example is specifically as follows:
s1: preparation of charring material of crop straw
Placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 15 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, the carbonization temperature to be 450 ℃, and the calcination time to be 4 hours, and obtaining carbonized crop straw materials after calcination; then weighing 10kg of carbonized material of crop straw, placing the carbonized material in 20L of a solution containing 1.3875kg of calcium chloride, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 6 hours, and then placing the carbonized material at 130 ℃ for drying to obtain a calcium modified carbon-based material; wherein, the weight ratio of the charring material of the crop straw to the calcium element is 10:0.5.
preparation example 29
The preparation example provides a biological organic fertilizer.
The present preparation example differs from preparation example 3 in that: the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is modified into a selenium modified carbon-based material, and the step S1 is different. Step S1 of this preparation example is specifically as follows:
s1: preparation of charring material of crop straw
Placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 15 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, the carbonization temperature to be 450 ℃, and the calcination time to be 4 hours, and obtaining carbonized crop straw materials after calcination; then weighing 10kg of carbonized material of crop straw, placing the carbonized material in 20L of solution containing 0.2628kg of sodium selenite, adjusting pH to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 6 hours, and then placing the carbonized material at 130 ℃ for drying to obtain selenium modified carbon-based material; wherein, the weight ratio of the charring material of the crop straw to the selenium element is 10:0.12.
examples
Examples 1 to 21
Examples 1-21 provide a fertilization method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice, respectively.
The above embodiments differ in that: the types of bio-organic fertilizer vary. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 5.
The implementation method of the above embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
a field plot test is adopted, and a test base is used in Chen Guizhen typical heavy metal cadmium pollution paddy fields in Huang Danshi Dayu city; cell area 25m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The periphery of the test cell is provided with a protection row, the ridge is covered by a plastic film, and each cell is singly irrigated with a single row.
The rice variety is Guangliangyouxiang 66 (approval number: national review rice 2012028), the rice transplanting time is 2021, 6 and 22 days, and the harvesting time is 2021, 10 and 5 days; in the rice planting process, transplanting rice, managing water and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests are carried out according to a local conventional method.
S1: fertilizing one week before transplanting the rice: 500kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 30kg of blending fertilizer N-P are applied to each mu of paddy field at 2021, 6 and 15 days 2 O 5 -K 2 O (26-10-14) (the blend fertilizer is purchased from Wuhan rainbow agricultural development Co., ltd.).
S2: fertilizing one week after rice transplanting: 50kg of the bio-organic fertilizer and 5kg of urea are applied to each mu of rice field at the period of 29 days (rice tillering period) of 6 months of 2021.
S3: fertilizing in the heading period of rice: 5kg urea and 5kg potassium chloride are applied to each mu of paddy field.
TABLE 5 types of bioorganic fertilizers in examples 1-21
Comparative example
Comparative examples 1 to 8
Comparative examples 1-8 provide a fertilization method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice, respectively.
Each of the above comparative examples is different from example 2 in that: the types of bio-organic fertilizer vary. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 types of bioorganic fertilizers in comparative examples 1 to 8
| Examples | Type of bio-organic fertilizer | Examples | Type of bio-organic fertilizer |
| 1 | Preparation example 1 | 5 | Preparation example 23 |
| 2 | Preparation example 5 | 6 | PREPARATION EXAMPLE 26 |
| 3 | Preparation example 21 | 7 | Preparation example 27 |
| 4 | PREPARATION EXAMPLE 22 | 8 | PREPARATION EXAMPLE 28 |
Comparative example 9
The comparative example provides a fertilization method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice.
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: the comparative example does not use a bio-organic fertilizer, i.e., the fertilization method of step S1, step S2 is different from that of example 2.
The specific method of step S1 and step S2 in this comparative example is as follows:
s1: fertilizing one week before transplanting the rice: 30kg of the mixed fertilizer N-P is applied to each mu of paddy field in 2021, 6 and 15 days 2 O 5 -K 2 O (26-10-14) (the blend fertilizer is purchased from Wuhan rainbow agricultural development Co., ltd.).
S2: fertilizing one week after rice transplanting: 5kg of urea was applied to each mu of rice field at 2021, 6 and 29 days (rice tillering stage).
Performance test
1. Performance detection of rice yield
The detection method comprises the following steps: using the fertilization methods provided in examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 9, the rice harvested on day 5 of 10 of 2021 was harvested singly, and the yield of rice was weighed; and the yield increase of rice was calculated by using the yield of rice without using the bio-organic fertilizer in comparative example 9 as a control.
Wherein, the rice yield increase= (rice yield-450)/450×100%;450 represents the rice yield in comparative example 5.
Detection result: as shown in table 7.
2. Performance detection of soil effective state cadmium content
The detection method comprises the following steps: soil samples were taken at 2021, 10 and 5 days by using the fertilization methods provided in examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 9, and air-dried indoors. According to the detection method of GB/T23739-2009, the cadmium in the soil effective state is measured; and the cadmium reduction rate of the soil effective state cadmium is calculated by taking the content of the soil effective state cadmium without using the bio-organic fertilizer in the comparative example 9 as a control.
Wherein, the cadmium reduction rate of the soil effective state cadmium is = (0.45-soil effective state cadmium content)/0.45 multiplied by 100 percent; 0.45 represents the soil effective cadmium content in comparative example 5.
Detection result: as shown in table 7.
3. Performance detection of brown rice cadmium content
The detection method comprises the following steps: using the fertilization methods provided in examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 9, the rice was harvested on the 5 th month of 2021, air-dried in the room, ground into rice, and then ground into brown rice flour. According to the detection method of GB/T5009.15-2014, the cadmium content of brown rice is measured; and the cadmium reduction rate of brown rice cadmium was calculated by taking the cadmium content of brown rice without using bio-organic fertilizer in comparative example 9 as a control.
Wherein, the cadmium reduction rate of brown rice cadmium is = (0.41-brown rice cadmium content)/0.41×100%;0.41 represents the cadmium content of brown rice in comparative example 5.
Detection result: as shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 detection results of rice yield and cadmium content in soil effective state and brown rice cadmium content
In combination with table 7, according to the detection results of comparative examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 9, the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by using the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, animal waste, humic acid, BGB complex bacteria and mineral powder as effective components, and can be used for rice planting to effectively improve the yield of rice and effectively reduce the effective cadmium content in soil and the cadmium content of brown rice, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
By passing throughComparative example 2 and comparative example 9, when only ordinary commercially available blend fertilizer N-P was used 2 O 5 -K 2 O, the yield of rice is 450.0kg, the cadmium content of soil effective state is 0.45mg/kg, and the cadmium content of brown rice is 0.41mg/kg; the application selects the bio-organic fertilizer for rice planting, the yield of rice is higher than 511kg, the cadmium content of soil effective state is lower than 0.31mg/kg, and the cadmium content of brown rice is lower than 0.24mg/kg; the detection result shows that the bio-organic fertilizer provided by the application can effectively improve the yield of rice, and simultaneously can effectively reduce the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of brown rice cadmium, so that the production safety of rice planting can be improved. Therefore, the application selects to use the bio-organic fertilizer for paddy rice planting.
According to the detection results of comparative examples 2, 16-18 and 3-5, compared with the detection results of selecting one of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens are selected as BGB complex bacteria, so that the biological organic fertilizer is prepared, is used for rice planting, can further improve the yield of rice, and can further reduce the effective cadmium content in soil and the brown rice cadmium content.
In addition, compared with the simultaneous use of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or the selection of using bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis, or the selection of using bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis, the simultaneous use of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis is selected as the BGB composite bacterium, so that the yield of rice can be further improved, and the available cadmium content and brown rice cadmium content in soil can be further reduced. Thus, the present application chooses to use bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis simultaneously as BGB complex.
By comparing the detection results of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, when the addition amount of BGB complex bacteria is controlled within the range of 0.5-2 parts, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the cadmium content of the effective state and the cadmium content of brown rice in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the present application chooses to control the amount of BGB complex to be added within the above range.
According to the detection results of comparative examples 2 and 4-7, when the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis to bacillus subtilis in the BGB complex bacteria is controlled to be 1: when the ratio is in the range of (0.2-0.4), the yield of rice can be further improved, and the cadmium content of the effective state and the cadmium content of brown rice in the soil can be further reduced. Thus, the present application chooses to control the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis to bacillus subtilis within the above range.
According to the detection results of the comparative example 2 and the comparative examples 6-8, compared with the selection of the carbonized material of unmodified crop straws or the selection of the calcium modified carbon-based material and the selenium modified carbon-based material, the application selects the calcium selenium modified carbon-based material for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the yield of rice can be further improved, and the available cadmium content and the brown rice cadmium content in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the application chooses to use a calcium selenium modified carbon-based material.
According to the detection results of comparative examples 2 and 8-15, when the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straw to the calcium element to the selenium element is controlled at 10: (0.2-0.8): when the ratio is in the range of (0.08-0.16), the yield of rice can be further improved, and the cadmium content of the effective state and the cadmium content of brown rice in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the weight ratio of the charring material, the calcium element and the selenium element of the crop straw is controlled in the range.
According to the detection results of comparative examples 2 and 19-21, compared with the selection of rock phosphate powder, mica powder or potassium mineral powder, the medical stone powder is selected to be used as mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer and used for rice planting, so that the yield of rice can be further improved, and the effective cadmium content and the brown rice cadmium content in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, medical stone powder is selected to be used as mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal manure; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB complex bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB composite bacteria comprise the following components in percentage by weight: (0.2-0.4) Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis;
the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16) charring materials of crop straws, calcium element and selenium element;
the mineral powder is medical stone powder with the granularity of 120-180 meshes.
2. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material: placing crushed crop straws into a muffle furnace, and calcining to prepare a carbonized material of the crop straws; then placing the mixture into a mixed solution of calcium chloride and sodium selenite, regulating the pH to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 4-8 hours, and placing the mixture at 120-150 ℃ for drying and crushing to prepare the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material;
s2: mixing: weighing the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal manure and the humic acid according to a formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3: fermentation: weighing the BGB composite bacteria, dissolving the BGB composite bacteria in water to obtain microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture in the step S2, uniformly stirring, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment to obtain a fermentation product;
s4: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and fully mixing the fermentation product with the mineral powder, and crushing the mixture into particles to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straw to the mixed solution is: 0.3-0.9kg/L.
4. The method for producing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the compost fermentation treatment in the step S3 is 50±10 ℃.
5. Use of the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 in crop planting.
6. A fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of paddy rice, which is characterized in that the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is used for fertilizing paddy fields.
7. The fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of paddy rice according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: 480-520kg of the bio-organic fertilizer and 28-32kg of the blending fertilizer N-P are applied to each mu of paddy field one week before the transplanting of the paddy 2 O 5 -K 2 O；
S2: after one week of rice transplanting, dressing 40-60kg of the bio-organic fertilizer and 4.5-6.5kg of urea in each mu of rice field;
s3: in the heading period of rice, 4.5-6.5kg urea and 4.5-6.5kg potassium chloride are applied to each mu of rice field.
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| CN106744940A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽帝元现代农业投资发展有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner straw biomass charcoal of composite sodium selenite activation modification and preparation method thereof |
| CN112759462A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-07 | 湖北绿道农业发展有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and preparation method thereof |
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