CN115448800A - Bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115448800A CN115448800A CN202211064481.3A CN202211064481A CN115448800A CN 115448800 A CN115448800 A CN 115448800A CN 202211064481 A CN202211064481 A CN 202211064481A CN 115448800 A CN115448800 A CN 115448800A
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- rice
- organic fertilizer
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- cadmium
- calcium
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- -1 calcium-selenium modified carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910001577 potassium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-IGMARMGPSA-N Calcium-40 Chemical compound [40Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly discloses a bio-organic fertilizer, and a preparation method and application thereof. The application provides a bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal waste; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB compound bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB compound bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis. By utilizing the bio-organic fertilizer provided by the application, the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and the content of cadmium in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice in soil can be effectively reduced, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The soil heavy metal pollution is a phenomenon that the heavy metal content in the soil is obviously higher than the original content due to the fact that human activities add the heavy metal into the soil, and the ecological environment quality is deteriorated, and the soil heavy metal pollution in China becomes a considerable environmental pollution problem along with the acceleration of scientific and technological development and industrialization process.
The mobility of heavy metal pollutants in soil is poor, the residence time is long, and most microorganisms cannot degrade the heavy metal pollutants, so that the problem of heavy metal pollution of the soil is difficult to solve. In the heavy metal contaminated species of soil, cadmium is one of the elements with the strongest biological toxicity, and the production of grain crops in soil is seriously influenced.
The rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, and the improvement of the safety of rice production is a key task for guaranteeing the grain safety in China, so that the rice has a very important role in the world grain safety. However, the problem of cadmium metal pollution in the paddy soil is increasing, and the paddy contaminated by cadmium metal can grow cadmium metal-enriched rice and easily accumulate in human body through food chain, thus causing serious harm to human health. Therefore, the control of cadmium metal pollution in rice fields is not slow enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the content of soil available cadmium and the content of brown rice cadmium in a rice field, ensure the production safety of rice planting and improve the yield of rice, the application provides a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a bio-organic fertilizer, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal waste; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB compound bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB compound bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis.
According to the application, at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis are used as BGB composite bacteria, then calcium-selenium modified carbon-based materials, animal wastes, humic acid, BGB composite bacteria and mineral powder are used for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, and when the bio-organic fertilizer is used for rice planting, various components in the bio-organic fertilizer are cooperatively matched, so that the fertility of soil in a rice field can be improved, and the yield of rice can be improved; meanwhile, the bio-organic fertilizer plays a role in passivating cadmium in soil, and can effectively reduce the content of effective cadmium and the content of cadmium in brown rice in the soil, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
According to the application, the carbonized material of the crop straw is modified by using the calcium element and the selenium element to obtain the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the calcium-based load has the pore-forming characteristic on the modified carbon-based material, the specific surface area and the total porosity of the modified carbon-based material are improved, and the activation of functional groups in the modified carbon-based material is increased, so that the adsorption effect of the modified carbon-based material on heavy metal cadmium is further improved; the modified carbon-based material rich in the selenium element can form a cadmium-selenium-organic compound with organic matters and cadmium elements in the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the effect of reducing the effective cadmium content of soil is achieved, meanwhile, the selenium has an antagonistic effect, the absorption of the cadmium element by rice can be competitively inhibited, the cadmium element is prevented from migrating and enriching to plants, and the cadmium content of the brown rice is effectively reduced.
The animal wastes in the bio-organic fertilizer have wide sources and low cost, can improve the fertility of the paddy field soil, and can provide carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other various trace elements for crops, thereby being beneficial to improving the yield of rice. Humic acid is a type of organic substance formed by decomposing and converting animal and plant remains by microorganisms and a series of geochemical processes; the humic acid contains functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, methoxyl and the like, and the functional groups can generate the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, chelation and the like with metal ions, thereby achieving the function of reducing the content of cadmium in the soil; meanwhile, organic matters in the humic acid can promote the growth and development of crops, so that the yield of the rice is effectively increased. In addition, mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer has a loose and porous internal structure, a large specific surface area and a good adsorption effect on metal cadmium.
The application utilizes the combined action of other effective components in the BGB compound bacteria and the bio-organic fertilizer, can accelerate the full release of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in organic matters, is favorable for improving the fertility of soil, stimulates the rapid growth of crops, and thus effectively improves the yield of rice. On the other hand, under the promoting action of the BGB compound bacteria, other components in the agricultural organic fertilizer can generate organic matters with multiple active groups, and the organic matters have higher cation exchange capacity, adsorption capacity and complexing capacity to the metal cadmium, so that the mobility and effectiveness of the metal cadmium in the soil are reduced, the absorption and accumulation of cadmium by crop rice are reduced, and the aim of reducing the cadmium content of brown rice is fulfilled.
The bacillus licheniformis strain is BGB-83R in the application, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24182; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is BGB-95R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 2445; the bacillus subtilis is BGB-99RR, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24391.
In a specific embodiment, the addition amount of the BGB complex bacterium can be 0.5 part, 1.3 parts and 2 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the addition amount of the BGB complex bacteria can also be 0.5-1.3 parts and 1.3-2 parts.
Test analysis shows that when the addition amount of the BGB compound bacteria is controlled within the range, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of cadmium in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the present application selects to control the addition amount of the BGB complex bacterium to the above range.
Preferably, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material comprises the following components in parts by weight: the carbonization material of the crop straws: calcium element: elemental selenium =10: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straw, the calcium element and the selenium element can be as follows: 10:0.2:0.12, 10:0.5:0.12, 10:0.8:0.12, 10:0.2:0.08, 10:0.5:0.08, 10:0.8:0.08, 10:0.2:0.16, 10:0.5:0.16, 10:0.8:0.16 part of,
In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straw, the calcium element and the selenium element can also be as follows: 10: (0.2-0.5): 0.08, 10: (0.2-0.8): 0.08, 10: (0.5-0.8): 0.08, 10: (0.2-0.5): 0.12, 10: (0.2-0.8): 0.12, 10: (0.5-0.8): 0.12, 10: (0.2-0.5): 0.16, 10: (0.2-0.8): 0.16, 10: (0.5-0.8): 0.16, 10:0.2: (0.08-0.12), 10:0.2: (0.08-0.16), 10:0.2: (0.12-0.16), 10:0.5: (0.08-0.12), 10:0.5: (0.08-0.16), 10:0.5: (0.12-0.16), 10:0.8: (0.08-0.12), 10:0.8: (0.08-0.16), 10:0.8: (0.12-0.16).
According to experimental analysis, when the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straws to the calcium element to the selenium element is controlled within the range, the yield of the rice can be further improved, and the content of the cadmium in the effective state and the content of the cadmium in the brown rice in the soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the weight ratio of the carbonized materials of the crop straws, the calcium element and the selenium element is selected to be controlled in the range.
Further, the crop straws are selected from one or more of wheat straws, corn straws, soybean straws, sorghum straws and rice straws.
Preferably, the BGB compound bacteria are bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis; the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.2-0.4).
According to experimental analysis, compared with the method that the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens are used at the same time, or the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bacillus licheniformis are selected to be used, or the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bacillus subtilis are selected to be used, the method has the advantages that the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus subtilis are selected to be used at the same time as the BGB compound bacteria, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of brown rice cadmium can be further reduced. Therefore, the application selects bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis to be simultaneously used as the BGB compound bacteria.
In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis to bacillus subtilis can be 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4.
in some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis to bacillus subtilis can also be 1: (0.2-0.3), 1: (0.3-0.4).
According to experimental analysis, when the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is controlled within the range, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of available cadmium in soil and the content of brown rice cadmium can be further reduced. Therefore, the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus subtilis is selected to be controlled within the range.
Furthermore, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
Furthermore, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the mineral powder is selected from one or more of medical stone powder, ground phosphate rock, mica powder and potassium ore powder.
Furthermore, the particle size of the medical stone powder is 120-180 meshes.
Further, the particle size of the ground phosphate rock is 200-260 meshes.
Further, the particle size of the mica powder is 400-600 meshes.
Furthermore, the granularity of the potassium ore powder is 200-400 meshes.
According to experimental analysis, compared with the method of selectively using the ground phosphate rock, the mica powder or the potassium mineral powder, the method has the advantages that the medical stone powder is selectively used as the mineral powder, the yield of the rice can be further improved, and the content of the cadmium in the effective state and the content of the cadmium in the brown rice in the soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the medical stone powder is selected to be used as mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the animal manure is selected from one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and cow manure.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material: placing the crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, and calcining to prepare a carbonized material of the crop straws; then placing the mixture into a mixed solution of calcium chloride and sodium selenite, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.6, stirring and shaking for 4-8h, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for drying and crushing to prepare the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material;
s2: mixing materials: weighing the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal manure and the humic acid according to a formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3: and (3) fermentation: weighing the BGB complex bacteria, dissolving the BGB complex bacteria in water to prepare a microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture in the step S2, uniformly stirring, and performing composting fermentation treatment to obtain a fermentation product;
s4: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and fully mixing the fermentation product with the mineral powder, and crushing into particles to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step S1, the ratio of the crop straw carbonized material to the mixed solution is: 0.3-0.9kg/L.
Further, in the step S1, the parameter conditions of the calcination are as follows: the heating rate is 10-18 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the calcination time is 4-5h.
Preferably, in the step S3, the temperature of the compost fermentation treatment is 50 +/-10 ℃.
According to the preparation method, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is prepared, mixed with other components, and subjected to the processes of composting, fermenting and crushing into particles to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is used for rice planting, so that the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of cadmium in brown rice can be effectively reduced.
In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the bio-organic fertilizer in crop planting.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice by using the bio-organic fertilizer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: one week before transplanting rice, broadcasting 480-520kg of the bio-organic fertilizer and 28-32kg of the mixed fertilizer N-P into each mu of rice field 2 O 5 -K 2 O；
S2: after the rice is transplanted for one week, additionally applying 40-60kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 4.5-6.5kg of urea to each mu of rice field;
s3: in the heading stage of rice, 4.5-6.5kg of urea and 4.5-6.5kg of potassium chloride are additionally applied to each mu of rice field.
The prepared bio-organic fertilizer and the commercial mixed fertilizer N-P are mixed one week before rice transplantation 2 O 5 -K 2 Using the O as a base fertilizer, and broadcasting in the paddy field; and in the key period of rice growth, namely one week after rice transplanting, topdressing is carried out, so that the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and the content of effective cadmium and the content of brown rice cadmium in soil can be effectively reduced.
To sum up, the technical scheme of this application has following effect:
according to the application, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal manure, the humic acid, the BGB compound bacteria and the mineral powder are used as effective components in the bio-organic fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer is used for rice planting, the yield of rice can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of cadmium in brown rice can be effectively reduced, so that the production safety of rice planting is improved.
According to the application, the BGB compound bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis, and the weight ratio of the bacterial strains is controlled, so that the yield of rice is further improved, and the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of cadmium in brown rice are further reduced.
According to the application, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is prepared by modifying the carbonized material of the crop straws by using the calcium element and the selenium element, is used as an effective component in the bio-organic fertilizer and is matched with other components, so that the yield of rice is further improved, and the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of cadmium in brown rice are further reduced.
According to the application, the bio-organic fertilizer is applied one week before the rice is transplanted and in the key period of rice growth, so that the yield of the rice is further improved, and the content of cadmium in the soil in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice are further reduced.
Detailed Description
In a first aspect, the application provides a bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal waste; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB compound bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB compound bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis.
Specifically, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material comprises the following components in parts by weight: the carbonization material of the crop straws: calcium element: elemental selenium =10: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16).
Furthermore, the crop straws are selected from one or more of wheat straws, corn straws, soybean straws, sorghum straws and rice straws.
Meanwhile, the BGB compound bacteria are bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis; the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.2-0.4); furthermore, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
In addition, the mineral powder is selected from one or more of medical stone powder, phosphate rock powder, mica powder and potassium ore powder; furthermore, the granularity of the medical stone powder is 120-180 meshes, the granularity of the ground phosphate rock is 200-260 meshes, the granularity of the mica powder is 400-600 meshes, and the granularity of the potassium ore powder is 200-400 meshes.
Preferably, the animal manure is selected from one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and cow manure.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material: placing the crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, and calcining to prepare a carbonized material of the crop straws; then placing the mixture into a mixed solution of calcium chloride and sodium selenite, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.6, stirring and shaking for 4-8h, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for drying and crushing to prepare the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material.
S2: mixing materials: according to the formula, the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal manure and the humic acid are weighed and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
S3: and (3) fermentation: weighing BGB complex bacteria, dissolving in water to obtain a microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture obtained in the step S2, uniformly stirring, and performing composting fermentation treatment to obtain a fermentation product; wherein the bacillus licheniformis strain in the BGB compound bacterium is BGB-83R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24182; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is BGB-95R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 2445; the bacillus subtilis is BGB-99RR, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24391.
S4: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and fully mixing the fermentation product with mineral powder, and crushing into particles to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
In the step S1, the proportion of the carbonized material of the crop straws to the mixed solution is as follows: 0.3-0.9kg/L.
Specifically, in step S3, the temperature of the compost fermentation treatment is 50 +/-10 ℃.
In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the bio-organic fertilizer in crop planting.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice by using the bio-organic fertilizer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: one week before transplanting rice, broadcasting 480-520kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 28-32kg of mixed fertilizer N-P into each mu of rice field 2 O 5 -K 2 O；
S2: after transplanting rice for one week, additionally applying 40-60kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 4.5-6.5kg of urea to each mu of rice field;
s3: in the heading stage of rice, 4.5-6.5kg of urea and 4.5-6.5kg of potassium chloride are additionally applied to each mu of rice field.
The present application is described in further detail below in connection with preparative examples 1-29, examples 1-21, comparative examples 1-9 and performance testing tests, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Preparation example
Preparation examples 1 to 9
Preparation examples 1-9 each provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
The difference of the preparation examples is that: the additive amount of each component in BGB compound bacteria in the biological organic fertilizer. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of each preparation example specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material
Placing the crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 15 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature to be 450 ℃ and the calcination time to be 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and obtaining the carbonized material of the crop straws after calcination; then weighing 10kg of crop straw carbonized material, putting the carbonized material into 20L of mixed solution containing 1.3875kg of calcium chloride and 0.2628kg of sodium selenite, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 6h, and then drying at 130 ℃ to obtain the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; wherein the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straws, the calcium element and the selenium element is 10:0.5:0.12.
s2: mixing material
According to the formula, 10kg of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, 220kg of air-dried pig manure and 18kg of humic acid are weighed and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
S2: and (3) fermentation:
weighing corresponding BGB complex bacteria according to the table 1, dissolving in 200kg of water to obtain a microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid into the mixture obtained in the step S1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the Bacillus licheniformis strain in the BGB composite bacteria is BGB-83R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24182; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is BGB-95R, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 2445; the bacillus subtilis is BGB-99RR, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24391.
Piling the fermented mixture into a strip pile shape with the height of 1 +/-0.2 m and the width of 2.5 +/-0.5 m, covering and sealing the stack by using a plastic film, carrying out composting fermentation, turning the fermented mixture when the temperature rises to 50 +/-10 ℃ in the fermentation period until the temperature is reduced to room temperature, piling the fermented mixture into the strip pile shape again, repeating the steps for multiple times until the fermented mixture is maintained to the room temperature and does not rise any more, and finishing the fermentation process to obtain a fermented product.
S3: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: weighing 25kg of mineral powder, fully mixing the mineral powder with the fermentation product, and crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 0.5 +/-0.2 mm to obtain the biological organic fertilizer; wherein the mineral powder is medical stone powder with particle size of 150 meshes.
TABLE 1 addition amount of each component in BGB Complex bacterium in preparation examples 1-9
Preparation examples 10 to 17
Preparation examples 10 to 17 each provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
The above-mentioned preparation examples differ from preparation example 3 in that: the addition amount of each component in the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material. Specifically, as shown in table 2. Wherein the addition amount of calcium hydroxide = the addition amount of calcium element/40 × 111; the addition amount of sodium selenite = the addition amount of selenium element/79 × 173.
TABLE 2 weight ratios of the components in the Ca-Se modified carbon-based materials in preparation examples 3, 10-17
Preparation examples 18 to 23
Preparation examples 18 to 23 each provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
The above-mentioned preparation examples differ from preparation example 3 in that: the type of BGB complex bacteria. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 kinds and amounts of BGB Complex bacteria in preparation examples 3, 18 to 23
Preparation examples 24 to 26
Preparation examples 24 to 26 each provide a bio-organic fertilizer.
The above-mentioned preparation examples differ from preparation example 3 in that: the type of mineral powder. The details are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 kinds of mineral powders in production examples 3 and 24 to 26
Preparation example 27
The preparation example provides a biological organic fertilizer.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is changed into a carbonized material of crop straws, namely the step S1 is different. Step S1 of the present preparation example is specifically as follows:
s1: preparation of crop straw carbonized material
Placing the crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, controlling the temperature rise rate at 15 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature at 450 ℃ and the calcination time at 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and obtaining the carbonized material of the crop straws after calcination.
Preparation example 28
The preparation example provides a biological organic fertilizer.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is modified into a calcium-modified carbon-based material, and the step S1 is different. Step S1 of the present preparation example is specifically as follows:
s1: preparation of crop straw carbonized material
Placing crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate at 15 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature at 450 ℃ and the calcination time at 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and obtaining a carbonized material of the crop straws after calcination; then weighing 10kg of crop straw carbonized material, placing the carbonized material in 20L of 1.3875kg calcium chloride solution, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 6h, and then placing the carbonized material under the condition of 130 ℃ for drying to obtain a calcium modified carbon-based material; wherein the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straws to the calcium element is 10:0.5.
preparation example 29
The preparation example provides a biological organic fertilizer.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material is modified into a selenium modified carbon-based material, and the step S1 is different. Step S1 of this preparation example is specifically as follows:
s1: preparation of crop straw carbonized material
Placing crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate at 15 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature at 450 ℃ and the calcination time at 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and obtaining a carbonized material of the crop straws after calcination; then weighing 10kg of crop straw carbonized material, placing the carbonized material in 20L of solution containing 0.2628kg of sodium selenite, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.6, stirring and vibrating for 6h, and then drying at 130 ℃ to obtain a selenium modified carbon-based material; wherein the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straws to the selenium element is 10:0.12.
examples
Examples 1 to 21
Examples 1-21 each provide a fertilization method for reducing cadmium contamination of rice.
The above embodiments differ in that: the types of the bio-organic fertilizer are different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 5.
The implementation method of the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
adopting a field plot test, and carrying out a typical heavy metal cadmium polluted rice field in a test base in a mature noble town of a large smelting city in the yellow stone city; cell area 25m 2 (ii) a The periphery of the test cell is provided with a protection row, the ridge is covered by a plastic film, and each cell is irrigated in a single row.
The rice variety is Guangliangyou Xiang 66 (approval number: national audit rice 2012028), the transplanting time of the rice is 2021 year, 6 months and 22 days, and the harvesting time is 2021 year, 10 months and 5 days; in the rice planting process, transplanting rice, managing water and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests are carried out according to a local conventional method.
S1: fertilizing one week before rice transplanting: in 2021 year, 6 months and 15 days, 500kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 30kg of mixed fertilizer N-P are broadcast in each mu of rice field 2 O 5 -K 2 O (26-10-14) (the bulk fertilizer was purchased from Wuhan Chuhong agriculture development Co., ltd.).
S2: fertilizing one week after transplanting rice: 50kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 5kg of urea are additionally applied to each mu of rice field in 29 months (rice tillering stage) in 2021 year.
S3: fertilizing in the heading stage of rice: 5kg of urea and 5kg of potassium chloride were additionally applied to each mu of rice field.
Table 5 types of bio-organic fertilizers in examples 1-21
Comparative example
Comparative examples 1 to 8
Comparative examples 1-8 provide a fertilization method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice, respectively.
The above comparative examples differ from example 2 in that: the types of the bio-organic fertilizer are different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 types of bioorganic fertilizers in comparative examples 1-8
| Examples | Types of bioorganic fertilizers | Examples | Types of bioorganic fertilizers |
| 1 | Preparation example 1 | 5 | Preparation example 23 |
| 2 | Preparation example 5 | 6 | Preparation example 26 |
| 3 | Preparation example 21 | 7 | Preparation example 27 |
| 4 | Preparation example 22 | 8 | Preparation example 28 |
Comparative example 9
The comparative example provides a fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice.
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that: the comparative example does not use the bio-organic fertilizer, namely the fertilization method of the step S1 and the step S2 is different from the fertilization method of the example 2.
The specific method of step S1 and step S2 in this comparative example is:
s1: fertilizing one week before rice transplanting: 30kg of mixed fertilizer N-P is broadcast to each mu of rice field in 2021 year for 15 days 6 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O (26-10-14) (the bulk fertilizer was purchased from Wuhan Chuhong agriculture development Co., ltd.).
S2: fertilizing one week after transplanting rice: 5kg of urea was additionally applied to each mu of rice field at 29 days (rice tillering stage) 6 months in 2021.
Performance test
1. Performance testing of rice yield
The detection method comprises the following steps: using the fertilization methods provided in examples 1-21 and comparative examples 1-9, rice harvested in 2021, 10, month and 5 days was single-beaten and single-harvested, and the yield of rice was measured; and the yield increase rate of rice was calculated by using the rice yield without using the bio-organic fertilizer in comparative example 9 as a control.
Wherein, the rice yield increasing rate = (the rice yield is-450)/450 multiplied by 100%;450 represents the rice yield in comparative example 5.
And (3) detection results: as shown in table 7.
2. Performance detection of soil available cadmium content
The detection method comprises the following steps: soil samples were taken 10 months and 5 days 2021 by the fertilization method provided in examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 9, and the samples were prepared by air-drying indoors. According to the detection method of GB/T23739-2009, the effective cadmium in the soil is determined; and calculating the cadmium reduction rate of the soil effective state cadmium by taking the soil effective state cadmium content which does not use the biological organic fertilizer in the comparative example 9 as a reference.
Wherein the cadmium reduction rate of the soil active cadmium is = (0.45-soil active cadmium content)/0.45 multiplied by 100%;0.45 represents the soil available cadmium content in comparative example 5.
And (3) detection results: as shown in table 7.
3. Performance detection of cadmium content of brown rice
The detection method comprises the following steps: using the fertilization methods provided in examples 1-21 and comparative examples 1-9, rice was harvested at 10 months and 5 days in 2021, air-dried indoors, ground into rice, and then ground into brown rice flour. According to the GB/T5009.15-2014 detection method, the cadmium content of the brown rice is determined; and calculating the cadmium reduction rate of the cadmium in the brown rice by taking the cadmium content of the brown rice without using the bio-organic fertilizer in the comparative example 9 as a reference.
Wherein, the cadmium reduction rate of the cadmium in the brown rice = (0.41-cadmium content in the brown rice)/0.41 multiplied by 100 percent; 0.41 represents the cadmium content of the brown rice in comparative example 5.
And (3) detection results: as shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 detection results of rice yield, soil available cadmium content and brown rice cadmium content
With reference to table 7, by comparing the detection results of examples 1 to 21 with the detection results of comparative examples 1 to 9, the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by using the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal waste, the humic acid, the BGB complex bacteria and the mineral powder as effective components can effectively improve the yield of rice, and can effectively reduce the content of cadmium in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice in soil, thereby improving the production safety of rice planting.
By comparing the results of the tests of example 2 and comparative example 9, when only the conventional commercially available blend fertilizer N-P was used 2 O 5 -K 2 O, the yield of the rice is 450.0kg, the content of the soil active cadmium is 0.45mg/kg, and the content of the brown rice cadmium is 0.41mg/kg; the bio-organic fertilizer is selected for planting the rice, the yield of the rice is higher than 511kg, the effective cadmium content of the soil is lower than 0.31mg/kg, and the cadmium content of the brown rice is lower than 0.24mg/kg; the detection results show that the bio-organic fertilizer provided by the application can effectively improve the yield of rice, and can effectively reduce the content of cadmium in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice in soil, so that the production safety of rice planting can be improved. Therefore, the bio-organic fertilizer is selected to be used for rice planting.
By comparing the detection results of the embodiment 2, the embodiments 16 to 18 and the comparative examples 3 to 5, compared with the selection of one of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens are selected to be used as BGB compound bacteria to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer for rice planting, so that the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of effective cadmium and brown rice cadmium in soil can be further reduced.
In addition, compared with the simultaneous use of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or the selection of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis, or the selection of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis, the application selects the simultaneous use of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis as BGB compound bacteria, can further improve the yield of rice, and can further reduce the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of brown rice cadmium. Therefore, the application selects the simultaneous use of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis as the BGB complex bacteria.
By comparing the detection results of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2, when the addition amount of the BGB complex bacteria is controlled within the range of 0.5-2 parts, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of effective cadmium and the content of brown rice cadmium in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the present application selects to control the addition amount of the BGB complex bacterium to the above range.
According to the detection results of comparative examples 2 and 4 to 7, when the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis in the BGB compound bacteria is controlled to be 1: (0.2-0.4), the yield of the rice can be further improved, and the content of the cadmium in the effective state and the content of the cadmium in the brown rice in the soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is selected to be controlled within the range.
By comparing the detection results of the embodiment 2 and the comparative examples 6 to 8, compared with the selection of the non-modified crop straw carbonized material or the selection of the calcium-modified carbon-based material and the selenium-modified carbon-based material, the application selects the calcium-selenium-modified carbon-based material for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of effective cadmium in soil and the content of cadmium in brown rice can be further reduced. Therefore, the application selects to use the calcium selenium modified carbon-based material.
Through the detection results of comparative examples 2 and 8-15, when the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straws, the calcium element and the selenium element is controlled to be 10: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16), the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of cadmium in an effective state and the content of cadmium in brown rice in soil can be further reduced. Therefore, the weight ratio of the carbonized material of the crop straws, the calcium element and the selenium element is controlled in the range.
Through the detection results of the comparative examples 2 and 19-21, compared with the selection of the use of the ground phosphate rock, the mica powder or the potassium mineral powder, the medical stone powder is selected as the mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer and is used for rice planting, the yield of rice can be further improved, and the content of the cadmium in the effective state and the content of the cadmium in the brown rice in the soil can be further reduced. Therefore, medical stone powder is selected to be used as mineral powder in the bio-organic fertilizer.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material; 200-240 parts of animal wastes; 15-20 parts of humic acid; 0.5-2 parts of BGB compound bacteria; 20-30 parts of mineral powder; the BGB compound bacteria are selected from at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis.
2. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the calcium selenium modified carbon-based material comprises the following components in parts by weight: carbonizing material of crop straw: calcium element: elemental selenium =10: (0.2-0.8): (0.08-0.16).
3. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the BGB complex bacteria are Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis; the weight ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.2-0.4).
4. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mineral powder is selected from one or more of medical stone powder, phosphate rock powder, mica powder and potassium ore powder.
5. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-4, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material: placing the crushed crop straws in a muffle furnace, and calcining to prepare a carbonized material of the crop straws; then placing the mixture into a mixed solution of calcium chloride and sodium selenite, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.6, stirring and shaking for 4-8h, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for drying and crushing to prepare the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material;
s2: mixing materials: weighing the calcium-selenium modified carbon-based material, the animal manure and the humic acid according to a formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3: and (3) fermentation: weighing the BGB composite bacteria, dissolving the BGB composite bacteria in water to prepare a microbial liquid, spraying the microbial liquid in the mixture obtained in the step S2, uniformly stirring, and performing composting fermentation treatment to obtain a fermentation product;
s4: preparing a biological organic fertilizer: and fully mixing the fermentation product with the mineral powder, and crushing into particles to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
6. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step S1, the ratio of the crop straw carbonized material to the mixed solution is as follows: 0.3-0.9kg/L.
7. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the compost fermentation treatment in the step S3 is 50 +/-10 ℃.
8. Use of the bio-organic fertilizer of any one of claims 1-4 in crop cultivation.
9. A fertilization method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice, which is characterized in that the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for fertilizing rice fields.
10. The fertilizing method for reducing cadmium pollution of rice as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1: one week before transplanting rice, broadcasting 480-520kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 28-32kg of mixed fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O in each mu of rice field;
s2: after the rice is transplanted for one week, additionally applying 40-60kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 4.5-6.5kg of urea to each mu of rice field;
s3: in the heading stage of rice, 4.5-6.5kg of urea and 4.5-6.5kg of potassium chloride are additionally applied to each mu of rice field.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211064481.3A CN115448800B (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-01 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN117402767A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-01-16 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Composite microbial agent and application thereof in crop planting and soil improvement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106744940A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽帝元现代农业投资发展有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner straw biomass charcoal of composite sodium selenite activation modification and preparation method thereof |
| CN112759462A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-07 | 湖北绿道农业发展有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106744940A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽帝元现代农业投资发展有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner straw biomass charcoal of composite sodium selenite activation modification and preparation method thereof |
| CN112759462A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-07 | 湖北绿道农业发展有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117402767A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-01-16 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Composite microbial agent and application thereof in crop planting and soil improvement |
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