CN110563492A - Dried sludge organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Dried sludge organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110563492A CN110563492A CN201910810371.9A CN201910810371A CN110563492A CN 110563492 A CN110563492 A CN 110563492A CN 201910810371 A CN201910810371 A CN 201910810371A CN 110563492 A CN110563492 A CN 110563492A
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- dried sludge
- organic fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a dried sludge organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of dried sludge, 2-10 parts of quicklime, 15-30 parts of auxiliary materials, 2-10 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-5 parts of active microbial inoculum and 10-20 parts of wormcast. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the raw material ratio, putting the dried sludge, the quicklime and the auxiliary materials into a kneading machine, uniformly stirring and aging; placing the aged mixture in a disc granulator, spraying phosphoric acid for neutralization in the granulation process, and then spraying a zymocyte agent for continuous granulation; and placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 15-30 days, and uniformly stirring the granules and wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer. The invention makes full use of a large amount of nutrients contained in the sludge, and produces a large amount of organic matters, trace elements and the like which are beneficial to plant growth through the assistance of additives such as quicklime, auxiliary materials and the like, thereby improving the activity and the nutrients of the organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple, wide in material selection and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a dried sludge organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of domestic sewage treatment rate and treatment degree in China, the generated municipal sludge is increased year by year. The water content of the sludge is high, the property is unstable, and the scientific treatment and disposal of the sludge become public problems which are concerned. The municipal sludge has high nitrogen and sulfur contents, and the reducing sulfide and ammonia are released into the atmosphere in a gas form under the influence of anaerobic microorganism activities and ammoniated bacteria. Therefore, the foul smell pollution is inevitably brought in the sludge production and transportation process, which makes the sludge stabilization treatment one of the important concerns.
The current commonly used sludge treatment methods include sea throwing method, incineration method, landfill method and traditional composting. These treatment measures all have some disadvantages: the sea throwing method can cause pollution to the sea and is forbidden; the incineration method has large equipment investment, high operation cost and air pollution; the sludge landfill occupies a large amount of land, pollutes the surrounding environment and underground water, and the required standard is continuously improved; the traditional sludge compost has heavy metal, refractory organic matters and pathogen pollution, influences the agricultural popularization, and is difficult to realize harmless, resource and commercial treatment of a large amount of sludge. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN104446689A discloses a sludge fermentation organic fertilizer and a production process thereof, the organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing sludge and plant straws and fermenting strains, but the organic fertilizer prepared by the method still contains heavy metals, refractory organic matters and the like, and has adverse effects on plant growth and soil.
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the dried sludge organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof, so that the effective treatment of sludge is realized, the prepared organic fertilizer has high fertilizer efficiency, is suitable for plant growth, and is simple in preparation method, low in cost and suitable for industrialization.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The dried sludge organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of dried sludge, 2-10 parts of quicklime, 15-30 parts of auxiliary materials, 2-10 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-5 parts of active microbial inoculum and 10-20 parts of wormcast.
further, the active microbial inoculum is a mixture of thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacteria. Wherein, the thermophilic bacteria can lead the fermentation temperature to reach more than 60 ℃, and most pathogenic bacteria microorganisms can be killed after the fermentation is carried out for more than 7 days. The trichoderma viride is taken as one of the strains with the highest cellulase activity, and the produced cellulase has a degradation effect on crops and has an obvious effect; meanwhile, trichoderma viride is an antagonistic microorganism rich in resources and has an important effect in the prevention and treatment of plant pathological organisms. The trichoderma viride has double effects of protection and treatment, and can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases.
Preferably, the active microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacter according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1:1:2:2:1: 1.
Further, the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of peanut meal, turf, sawdust and rice chaff.
furthermore, the water content of the dried sludge is 30-50%. The water content affects the subsequent fermentation efficiency; and the pile turning times should be increased when the water content is higher.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components according to the raw material ratio, putting the dried sludge, the quicklime and the auxiliary materials into a kneading machine, uniformly stirring and aging;
(2) Placing the aged mixture in a disc granulator, spraying phosphoric acid for neutralization in the granulation process, and then spraying a zymocyte agent for continuous granulation;
(3) And placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 15-30 days, and uniformly stirring the granules and wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Further, the aerobic fermentation process comprises the following steps: fermenting in a fermentation tank, and turning when the temperature of the pile rises to 50-70 ℃; turning over once every 2-3 days; when the material is turned over, the material at the outer part and the bottom is turned into the pile; continuously overturning for 3-5 times, wherein the materials have no odor and peculiar smell, and the fermentation and decomposition are completed.
Further, the aging temperature in the step (1) is 60-80 ℃, and the aging time is 24-30 h.
According to the dried sludge organic fertilizer, quicklime is added, and the purposes of quickly drying and passivating the activity of heavy metals can be achieved by efficiently mixing sludge and quicklime. After the quicklime is added, the Pb content of the residue state is not changed greatly, and the content of the organic combination state is slightly increased; the contents of Cd, Cu and Zn in acid-extractable state are all obviously reduced, while the contents of ferro-manganese titanium oxide, organic combined state and residue state are increased. On the other hand, the sludge is added with the quicklime to inhibit the generation of the reducing sulfide, compared with the raw sludge with the same mass, the release amount of the reducing sulfide of the sludge stabilized by the quicklime is reduced by about 80-90%, hydrogen sulfide is subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction under the alkaline condition and is combined with metal ions to generate sulfide precipitate, and finally the sulfide precipitate is adsorbed and fixed in the sludge, so that the odor intensity of the sludge is obviously reduced, and the purpose of inhibiting the odor is basically achieved.
According to the dried sludge organic fertilizer, nitrogen in sludge mainly exists in the form of ammonium nitrogen and organic nitrogen, so that volatile ammonia gas is generated under an alkaline condition and released; auxiliary materials are added to serve as a leavening agent and an adsorbent, so that ammonia gas in the reaction process of the sludge and the quicklime can be adsorbed and fixed.
according to the preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer, quicklime is added into sludge and then aged for a period of time, and a strong alkaline environment created by adding the quicklime and a large amount of released heat can kill pathogenic bacteria microorganisms; meanwhile, phosphoric acid is added to neutralize excessive alkalinity, so that an environment suitable for the survival of beneficial bacteria is created, and the subsequent fermentation process of adding the active microbial inoculum is facilitated.
According to the preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer, wormcast is added after fermentation is finished, the wormcast is rich in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and by the aid of the beneficial microorganisms and life activities of earthworms, phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and indoleic acid are generated, plant growth is promoted, and plant metabolism is regulated; also, a large amount of polysaccharide is produced. The beneficial microorganisms can also generate antibiotics with strong antagonistic activity and wide antimicrobial spectrum, can limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and can inhibit plant soil-borne diseases.
The dried sludge organic fertilizer adopts sludge as a main raw material, makes full use of a large amount of nutrients contained in the sludge, and passivates the activity of heavy metal elements in the sludge, kills pathogenic bacteria microorganisms and inhibits the release of malodor by the aid of additives such as quicklime, auxiliary materials and the like; meanwhile, a large amount of organic matters, trace elements and the like which are beneficial to plant growth are generated by adding the activated microbial inoculum fermentation sludge and the wormcast, so that the activity and the nutrients of the organic fertilizer are improved. On the other hand, the preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer is simple, wide in material selection, low in cost, capable of being prepared through granulation and fermentation processes, and easy to control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with the water content of 30%, 20kg of quicklime and 200kg of sawdust into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, aging at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 20kg of phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85% for granulation, adding an active microbial inoculum according to the inoculum size of 10kg/t after uniform stirring, continuing granulation, putting the prepared granules into a fermentation tank, performing aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and uniformly mixing with 200kg of wormcast so as to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Example 2
A preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with the water content of 40%, 50kg of quicklime and 200kg of turf into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, aging at 60 ℃ for 30 hours, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 50kg of phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85% into the disc granulator, granulating, adding an active microbial inoculum according to the inoculum size of 10kg/t after uniform stirring, continuing granulation, putting the prepared granules into a fermentation tank, performing aerobic fermentation for 20 days, and uniformly mixing with 100kg of wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Example 3
A preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with a water content of 45%, 70kg of quicklime and 200kg of peanut meal into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, aging at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 70kg of phosphoric acid with a concentration of 85% for granulation, adding an active microbial inoculum according to an inoculum size of 10kg/t after uniform stirring, continuing granulation, putting the prepared granules into a fermentation tank, performing aerobic fermentation for 15 days, and uniformly mixing with 100kg of wormcast so as to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Example 4
A preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with the water content of 50%, 100kg of quicklime, 100kg of sawdust and 50kg of rice chaff into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, then aging for 24 hours at 60 ℃, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 100kg of phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85% for granulation, adding an active microbial inoculum according to the inoculum size of 50kg/t after stirring uniformly, continuing granulation, putting the manufactured granules into a fermentation tank, performing aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and then uniformly mixing with 150kg of wormcast so as to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
a preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with a water content of 35%, 20kg of quicklime and 200kg of sawdust into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, aging at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 20kg of phosphoric acid with a concentration of 85% for granulation, adding an active microbial inoculum according to an inoculation amount of 10kg/t after stirring uniformly, and continuing granulation, wherein the active microbial inoculum is formed by mixing saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacteria according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:2:2:1: 1. And placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and then uniformly mixing the granules with 200kg of wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
comparative example 2
A preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with a water content of 35%, 20kg of quicklime and 200kg of sawdust into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, aging at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 20kg of phosphoric acid with a concentration of 85% for granulation, adding an active microbial inoculum according to an inoculation amount of 10kg/t after stirring uniformly, and continuing granulation, wherein the active microbial inoculum is formed by mixing saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, white rot fungi and azotobacteria according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:2:1: 1. And placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and then uniformly mixing the granules with 200kg of wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a dried sludge organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of putting 1 ton of dried sludge with a water content of 35%, 20kg of quicklime and 200kg of sawdust into a kneader, stirring for 30 minutes, aging at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, putting into a disc granulator, spraying 20kg of phosphoric acid with a concentration of 85% for granulation, adding an active microbial inoculum according to an inoculation amount of 10kg/t after uniform stirring, and continuing granulation, wherein the active microbial inoculum is thermophilic bacteria.
The technical indexes of the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention are tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 technical index of dried sludge organic fertilizer
| Item | Measurement results |
| Mass fraction of organic matter (in oven dried basis)% | 45-50 |
| The mass fraction (based on oven-dried basis) of total nutrients (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide),% | 5-15 |
| Water (mass fraction of fresh sample)% | 20-30 |
| Germination index of seeds,% | 70-100 |
The application results of the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention are analyzed and compared with the existing common inorganic fertilizer and common organic fertilizer, specifically, the first group is applied with the common inorganic fertilizer, the second group is applied with the common organic fertilizer, the third group is applied with the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 1, the fourth group is applied with the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 2, the fifth group is applied with the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 3, and the sixth group is applied with the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 fertilizer application test results
As can be seen from table 2, compared with common inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers, the application amount of the dried sludge organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is small, but the yield of the planted green cucumber is obviously superior to that of the common fertilizer, and the product quality such as the color, sweetness and taste of the leaves are obviously improved. Meanwhile, compared with the yield and the taste of the green cucumber applied with the fertilizer in the comparative examples 1-3, the green cucumber applying agent has a synergistic effect by adopting the mixture of various microbial inoculum, and can further improve the product quality.
The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this specification are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The dried sludge organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of dried sludge, 2-10 parts of quicklime, 15-30 parts of auxiliary materials, 2-10 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-5 parts of active microbial inoculum and 10-20 parts of wormcast.
2. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active microbial inoculum is a mixture of thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
3. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacter according to a mass ratio of 3:2:1:2:2:2:1: 1.
4. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of peanut meal, turf, sawdust and rice chaff.
5. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dried sludge has a water content of 30-50%.
6. The preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components according to the raw material ratio, putting the dried sludge, the quicklime and the auxiliary materials into a kneading machine, uniformly stirring and aging;
(2) Placing the aged mixture in a disc granulator for granulation, spraying phosphoric acid for neutralization in the granulation process, and spraying zymophyte for continuous granulation after neutralization;
(3) And placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 15-30 days, and uniformly stirring the granules and wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.
7. The preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aerobic fermentation process comprises: fermenting in a fermentation tank, and turning when the temperature of the pile rises to 50-70 ℃; turning over once every 2-3 days; when turning the pile, turning the materials at the outer part and the bottom into the pile; continuously turning the pile for 3-5 times, wherein the material has no odor and peculiar smell, and the fermentation and the decomposition are finished.
8. The method for preparing the dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aging temperature in the step (1) is 60-80 ℃ and the aging time is 24-30 h.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112299912A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-02 | 湖南长重机器股份有限公司 | Granular organic fertilizer prepared from sludge and preparation method thereof |
| CN112456745A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-03-09 | 河南省科学院化学研究所有限公司 | Method for drying and treating domestic sludge by aerobic microorganisms and application thereof |
| CN114044712A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-15 | 苏州三行建筑景观装饰有限公司 | Complex microbial inoculant, biological organic fertilizer and preparation method of biological organic fertilizer |
| CN115215703A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-21 | 无锡国联环保科技股份有限公司 | Soil conditioner based on dried sludge and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104478587A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-01 | 马新亚 | Sludge organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115215703A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-21 | 无锡国联环保科技股份有限公司 | Soil conditioner based on dried sludge and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191213 |