CN112759462A - Bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of plant straw, 20-40 parts of livestock manure, 2-5 parts of zinc fertilizer, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 10-15 parts of vermiculite and 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum; wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus. According to the invention, through the synergistic effect of the three bacteria, cadmium ions in soil are adsorbed and the ionic cadmium is passivated into a complex state, and the activated carbon and vermiculite with adsorption effects, as well as zinc fertilizer and plant ash capable of fixing and passivating the cadmium are added, so that the growth of crops can be promoted, the cadmium pollution in the soil is obviously improved, the absorption, transportation and accumulation of the crops on the cadmium are reduced, and the influence of the cadmium pollution in the soil on the crops and human bodies is effectively reduced. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is simple, the raw material source is wide, and the production cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biological organic fertilizer for improving soil cadmium pollution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cadmium is an unnecessary element for human bodies, is usually in a compound state in nature, has low content, and does not influence human health under a normal environment state. However, since the early 20 th century, the production of cadmium has been increasing year by year and is widely used in the fields of electroplating industry, chemical industry, electronic industry and nuclear industry, etc., and heavy metal pollution, particularly cadmium pollution, in soil has been increasingly serious because it is more easily adsorbed by crops and is enriched in organisms than other heavy metals. In addition, cadmium in soil cannot be naturally decomposed, the accumulation of cadmium is gradually increased, so that crops can absorb more heavy metal cadmium, the heavy metal cadmium enters a human body through a food chain to cause chronic poisoning, cadmium entering the human body forms cadmium sulfur protein in the body, the cadmium sulfur protein reaches the whole body through blood, and is selectively accumulated in kidney and liver, and the damage to the human body is irreversible. Cadmium pollution in farmland soil poses great threat to grain safety, so that improvement of cadmium pollution in soil is not slow at all.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biological organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus are selected to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, so that the composite microbial inoculum plays a synergistic role, is not only used for fermenting plant straws and livestock excrements to provide various nutrient substances for promoting the growth of crops, but also has the functions of adsorbing cadmium ions and passivating ionic cadmium into a complex state to reduce the absorption of cadmium by the crops; meanwhile, activated carbon and vermiculite are added into the organic fertilizer to adsorb heavy metal cadmium in soil, and the zinc fertilizer and plant ash can promote crop growth and reduce cadmium absorption of crops so as to effectively reduce cadmium content in the crops.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the cadmium pollution of soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of plant straw, 20-40 parts of livestock manure, 2-5 parts of zinc fertilizer, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 10-15 parts of vermiculite and 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum;
wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus.
The bio-organic fertilizer is added with the composite microbial inoculum obtained by mixing the monascus, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the lactobacillus, can be used for fermenting plant straws and animal excrements to obtain various nutritional ingredients such as carbon, nitrogen sources and the like which are more beneficial to being absorbed by crops, and can achieve the effects of adsorbing cadmium ions and passivating ionic cadmium into a complex state through the synergistic effect of the three strains so as to obviously reduce the content of cadmium ions in soil and reduce the absorption and transportation of the crops to the cadmium. Furthermore, the soil conditioner also contains activated carbon and vermiculite with adsorption effect, so that a large amount of heavy metal cadmium in the soil can be adsorbed; the zinc fertilizer is used for promoting crop photosynthesis, promoting plant growth and reducing cadmium absorption of crops; the plant ash can not only promote the growth of crops, but also adjust the pH value of the soil to reduce the absorption of cadmium by the crops.
Further, the mass ratio of monascus to bacillus mucilaginosus to lactobacillus in the composite microbial inoculum is 1: 0.5-2: 1 to 3.
Further, the mass ratio of monascus to bacillus mucilaginosus to lactobacillus in the composite microbial inoculum is 1:1: 2.
further, the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of plant straw, 30 parts of livestock manure, 3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of activated carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite and 4 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the cadmium pollution of soil, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively activating and carrying out expanded culture on monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus, and mixing the materials in proportion to obtain a composite microbial inoculum;
step 2, taking plant straws and livestock manure, uniformly mixing, adding the composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 10-15 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;
step 3, mixing vermiculite and activated carbon, adding nitric acid, soaking at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out, naturally drying, heating at 300-500 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere for 2-3 hours, and naturally cooling;
and 4, uniformly mixing the fermentation mixture obtained in the step 2, the vermiculite and the activated carbon treated in the step 3, and a zinc fertilizer and plant ash to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the cadmium pollution of the soil.
In the step 3 of the preparation method, the vermiculite and the activated carbon are modified by nitric acid and high-temperature calcination, so that the specific surface area of the vermiculite and the activated carbon can be increased, the adsorption performance and the ion exchange capacity are further enhanced, and the cadmium content in the soil is obviously reduced.
Further, in step 1, Monascus purpureus, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Lactobacillus were activated and cultured to 1X 107cfu/g。
Further, in step 3, mixing vermiculite and activated carbon, and adding nitric acid with a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:3 and a concentration of 12 mol/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus are specially selected to prepare the composite microbial inoculum, so that not only can plant straws and livestock manure be fermented to obtain various nutrient components such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources beneficial to crop absorption, but also cadmium ions in soil are adsorbed and ionic cadmium is passivated into a complex state through the synergistic effect of the three microorganisms, so that the cadmium content in the soil is obviously reduced, and the absorption and transportation of the cadmium ions by crops are reduced.
(2) The activated carbon and the vermiculite with adsorption effects are added into the bio-organic fertilizer, so that heavy metal cadmium ions in soil can be effectively adsorbed, and further, the activated carbon and the vermiculite are modified through nitric acid and high-temperature calcination, so that the specific surface areas of the activated carbon and the vermiculite can be increased, and the adsorption performance and the ion exchange performance of the activated carbon and the vermiculite are enhanced, so that the adsorption and passivation effects on cadmium are enhanced, and the cadmium pollution in soil is effectively improved.
(3) The zinc fertilizer added into the biological organic fertilizer can enhance the photosynthesis of crops, improve the stress resistance, enhance the fixation of the roots of the plants on cadmium ions, transfer the cadmium ions, and reduce the absorption of the crops on the cadmium; furthermore, plant ash is added into the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the growth and seedling strengthening of crops can be promoted, and the pH value of soil is adjusted to be alkalescent so as to reduce the absorption and accumulation of cadmium by the crops.
(4) The bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, wide in raw material source and low in production cost, can obviously improve cadmium pollution in soil, and reduces absorption, transportation and accumulation of cadmium by crops, so that the influence of cadmium pollution in soil on crops and human bodies is effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of activated carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite and 4 parts of composite microbial inoculum, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, taking monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus, respectively activating and carrying out amplification culture to 1 × 107cfu/g, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2 to obtain a composite microbial inoculum;
step 2, taking 50 parts by mass of rice straws and 30 parts by mass of pig manure, uniformly mixing, adding 4 parts of the composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
and 3, mixing 12 parts by mass of vermiculite and 10 parts by mass of activated carbon, adding 12mol/L nitric acid according to a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:3, soaking at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, filtering, taking out, naturally drying for 24 hours, heating at 300-500 ℃ for 2-3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, naturally cooling, and modifying the activated carbon and the vermiculite through nitric acid and high-temperature calcination to increase the specific surface area and further enhance the adsorption performance and the ion exchange performance.
And 4, uniformly mixing the fermentation mixture obtained in the step 2, the modified vermiculite and the modified activated carbon obtained in the step 3, 3 parts by mass of zinc fertilizer and 15 parts by mass of plant ash to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the step 1, the mass ratio of the monascus to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the lactobacillus is 1:0.5: 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the step 1, the mass ratio of the monascus to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the lactobacillus is 1:2: 3.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of rice straw, 40 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer, 20 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of activated carbon, 10 parts of vermiculite and 2 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
Example 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer, the step 2 is omitted, namely the activated carbon and the vermiculite are not modified, and the fermentation mixture, the vermiculite, the activated carbon, the zinc fertilizer and the plant ash are directly mixed to prepare the biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of activated carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite and 4 parts of monascus. Wherein Monascus was also activated and expanded to 1X 10 according to the procedure of step 1 in example 17cfu/g。
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of activated carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite and 4 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus. Wherein Bacillus mucilaginosus was also activated and expanded to 1X 10 according to the method of step 1 in example 17cfu/g。
Comparative example 3
Book pairThe proportions differ from example 1 in that: the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of activated carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite and 4 parts of lactobacillus. Wherein the Lactobacillus was also activated and expanded to 1X 10 according to the procedure of step 1 in example 17cfu/g。
Evaluation protocol
1. The biological organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 is used for verifying the soil cadmium pollution improvement effect, and specifically comprises the following steps: the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to cadmium contaminated soil according to 100 Kg/mu, samples are respectively taken after being evenly stirred, cadmium content (mg/Kg) in each sample is measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (Agilent 5110ICP-OES), soil without the bio-organic fertilizer is used as a control group, cadmium ion removal rate (%) of each example and each comparative example compared with the control group is respectively calculated, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 detection of cadmium content in soil
| Cadmium content (mg/Kg) | Removal Rate (%) | |
| Control group | 3.55 | / |
| Example 1 | 0.33 | 90.70％ |
| Example 2 | 0.48 | 86.48％ |
| Example 3 | 0.41 | 88.45％ |
| Example 4 | 0.56 | 84.23％ |
| Example 5 | 0.76 | 78.59％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.17 | 38.87％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.35 | 33.80％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.58 | 55.49％ |
2. And (3) field test: in order to verify that the biological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can effectively reduce the absorption, transportation and accumulation of cadmium by crops, the rice field is divided into 8 groups, and each group is 25m2The bio-organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 is applied to soil according to 100 kg/mu, and is used for rice planting after being evenly turned, and the soil without the organic fertilizer is used as a control group. Sampling and using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission light during the five-leaf one-heart periodThe cadmium content of the overground part of the rice seedling is measured by a spectrometer (Agilent 5110ICP-OES), then the reduction rate (%) of the cadmium ions of each group compared with the control group is calculated respectively, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 detection of cadmium content in rice
| Cadmium content (mg/Kg) | Reduction ratio of cadmium ion (%) | |
| Control group | 0.98 | / |
| Example 1 | 0.03 | 96.39％ |
| Example 2 | 0.11 | 86.75％ |
| Example 3 | 0.07 | 91.57％ |
| Example 4 | 0.12 | 85.54％ |
| Example 5 | 0.19 | 77.11％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.47 | 43.37％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.51 | 38.55％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.33 | 60.24％ |
By combining the detection results in tables 1 and 2, compared with a control group, after the soil is repaired by the bio-organic fertilizer, the cadmium ions in the soil can be effectively removed, namely the cadmium content in the soil is obviously reduced, and the removal rate of the cadmium ions in the soil is as high as 90.7%. Furthermore, the biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention can be used for remarkably promoting the growth of crop rice, and remarkably reducing the absorption and transportation of the rice to cadmium ions in soil, and through determination, the cadmium content in the rice in the examples 1-5 meets the national standard, and the reduction rate of the cadmium ions in the crops is up to 96.39%. According to the detection results of the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, compared with the single use of three strains, the composite microbial inoculum prepared by mixing monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus has a remarkable removal effect on cadmium content and a remarkable reduction rate of cadmium content in crops, namely the three strains have a synergistic effect and can achieve the remarkable effect of reducing the cadmium content. In conclusion, the biological organic fertilizer can promote the growth of crops, obviously improve the cadmium pollution in soil and reduce the absorption, transportation and accumulation of cadmium by the crops under the combined action of multiple components, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the cadmium pollution in the soil on the crops and human bodies. Is suitable for large-scale production and use.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The bio-organic fertilizer for improving the cadmium pollution of soil is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of plant straw, 20-40 parts of livestock manure, 2-5 parts of zinc fertilizer, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 10-15 parts of vermiculite and 2-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum;
wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus.
2. The microbial organic fertilizer for improving soil cadmium pollution according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of monascus to bacillus mucilaginosus to lactobacillus in the composite microbial agent is 1: 0.5-2: 1 to 3.
3. The microbial organic fertilizer for improving soil cadmium pollution according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of monascus to bacillus mucilaginosus to lactobacillus in the composite microbial agent is 1:1: 2.
4. the bio-organic fertilizer for improving cadmium pollution of soil according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of plant straw, 30 parts of livestock manure, 3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of activated carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite and 4 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
5. A method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the cadmium pollution of the soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively activating and carrying out expanded culture on monascus, bacillus mucilaginosus and lactobacillus, and mixing the materials in proportion to obtain a composite microbial inoculum;
step 2, taking plant straws and livestock manure, uniformly mixing, adding the composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 10-15 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;
step 3, mixing vermiculite and activated carbon, adding nitric acid, soaking at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out, naturally drying, heating at 300-500 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere for 2-3 hours, and naturally cooling;
and 4, uniformly mixing the fermentation mixture obtained in the step 2, the vermiculite and the activated carbon treated in the step 3, and a zinc fertilizer and plant ash to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the cadmium pollution of the soil.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the monascus, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the lactobacillus are activated and cultured in step 1 to 1 x 10 respectively7cfu/g。
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in step 3, after mixing vermiculite and activated carbon, nitric acid with a mass to volume ratio of 1:3 and a concentration of 12mol/L is added.
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| CN116984365A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-03 | 广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所 | Method for reducing cadmium activity in soil by returning straw to field |
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