CN111995477A - Continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of furfural residue, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 0.5-1 part of organic material leavening agent, 0.5-1 part of resistant microorganism and 1-3 parts of synergist. The trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis generate antibiotics together, inhibit the growth and the planting of pathogenic bacteria in soil, can secrete a large amount of growth hormone, can stimulate the growth of plant roots, and improve the microenvironment of the roots so as to play a role in increasing the yield and the efficiency. The modified attapulgite can continuously release active substances and can also reduce the loss of organic matters. Meanwhile, the fertilizer can adsorb heavy metal substances in soil, reduce the damage of the heavy metal substances to the soil, reduce the enrichment of heavy metal elements in the crop body, improve the crop quality and improve the food safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fertilizer is an important agricultural production data and plays an important role in agricultural production, but under the conventional fertilization conditions, the current season utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is low, and the loss of fertilizer nutrients not only causes the sharp increase of production cost, but also brings ecological environment problems of surface and underground water pollution, greenhouse gas emission increase, soil quality reduction and the like. The Ministry of agriculture in recent years puts forward a zero-increase target of fertilizer dosage and a plan of replacing fertilizer with organic fertilizer, aims at solving the problem of low utilization of total nutrients of organic fertilizer resources in China, and has important significance for guaranteeing agricultural ecological safety by improving the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer. The biological organic fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer compounded by microorganisms with specific functions and organic fertilizers obtained by carrying out innocent treatment on animal and plant residues, is rich in nutrition and can improve the quality of agricultural products. At present, most of biological organic fertilizers are fermented by straws and other organic materials, and the organic fertilizer has single function.
The continuous cropping disease of crops refers to the phenomena of low emergence rate of crop seeds, low survival rate of seedlings, slow growth speed of plants, death in severe cases and the like caused by multiple planting of a certain crop in the same land, and is also called as replanting disease. Due to the special environment and repeated planting in successive years, replanting diseases are more and more serious, which causes great yield reduction (more than 30% of the average annual speed) of horticultural crops such as fields, protected areas, greenhouses or greenhouses and the like, and sometimes causes no harvest. The crop continuous cropping problem is a universal problem in the world.
The effective method for preventing continuous cropping diseases in European and American countries is mainly as follows: 1) the land is fallowed for 2-3 years, and the government subsidizes the loss of farmers during fallowed. 2) And (4) stubble ploughing or crop rotation.
It is not practical to actually popularize the fallow, stubble ploughing or crop rotation in most areas. On one hand, crops which bring high income to farmers are willing to be planted in successive years, and the farmers are difficult to give up the crops; on the other hand, farmers can accumulate experience when planting one crop throughout the year, the more stable and high yield the more income, if other crops are changed, the experience needs to be accumulated again, the income is influenced in the last few years, and the farmers are not willing to rotate. Therefore, the method is difficult to popularize.
In view of the above circumstances, there is an urgent need to develop a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer, which can replace part of fertilizers to reduce environmental pollution, improve soil environment, improve continuous cropping resistance and reduce the burden of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low consumption and poor fertilizer efficiency of the conventional organic fertilizer, the invention provides the efficient continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer, which can improve the quality and yield of crops on one hand, improve the soil environment, increase beneficial bacteria, reduce harmful bacteria, greatly improve the continuous cropping resistant capability of the crops and improve the economic benefit and the social benefit on the other hand.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of furfural residue, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 0.5-1 part of organic material leavening agent, 0.5-1 part of resistant microorganism and 1-3 parts of synergist.
Preferably, the humic acid is one or more of sodium humate, potassium humate and nitro humic acid.
Preferably, the organic material leavening agent is EM microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the resistant microorganism is a mixture of trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
Preferably, the synergist is prepared by the following method:
1) repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
2) preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, it was washed to neutrality and dried and stored for further use.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) pulverizing corn stalk, mixing with furfural residue and soybean meal, heating in a heating chamber at 90-110 deg.C for 10-20 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 40-48 ℃ for 2 hours;
3) preparing a synergist: repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1; preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; stirring the mixture at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, washing to neutrality, drying, and storing;
4) uniformly mixing the synergist, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
The resistant microorganism, namely the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.821. The bacillus subtilis is freeze-dried powder. The Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC 5.1213.
The method for culturing Trichoderma harzianum in an expanding way comprises the following steps:
inoculating a Trichoderma harzianum strain on a slant culture medium into a shake flask filled with an activation culture medium with a volume ratio of 15-30%, wherein the formula of the activation culture medium comprises 18-22 g/L of glucose, 12-18 g/L of peptone, 3-7 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2-0.8 g/L of beef extract, and the strain is cultured for 20-32 hours at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the shake flask rotation speed of 180-220 rpm;
inoculating the activated and cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation medium with a volume ratio of 50-70%, wherein the volume inoculation amount is 1-3%, the formula of the fermentation medium comprises 10-15 g/L of corn flour, 3-8 g/L of glucose, 18-22 g/L of bean cake powder, 3-8 g/L of fish meal, 5-9 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.8-1.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.1-0.3 g/L of manganese sulfate, culturing at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of the fermentation tank of 200-220 rpm for 20-32 h, and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation tank is not less than 109And drying the trichoderma harzianum single strain obtained by fermentation to prepare dry powder.
Advantageous effects
The invention adopts agricultural waste corn straw as main raw material, is supplemented with rich humic acid, and is added with organic leavening agent for high-temperature decomposition fermentation, so that the nutrient substances in the humic acid are fully released, and rich organic nutrient substances are provided for crops. On the other hand, specific resistant microorganisms are added, wherein the Trichoderma harzianum can generate antibiotics together with the Bacillus subtilis, so that the growth and colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the soil are inhibited to a great extent, and the continuous cropping resistance of crops is improved. On the other hand, the trichoderma harzianum can secrete a large amount of growth hormone, can stimulate the growth of plant roots, and improves the microenvironment of the roots, so that the effects of increasing production and increasing efficiency are achieved. In order to reduce the using amount of microorganisms and protect the microorganisms to continuously and effectively play a role in the whole life cycle, the modified attapulgite is adopted as a synergist and has a loose and porous structure, so that the microorganisms can be protected from being interfered by the external complex soil environment, active substances can be continuously released, nutrient substances such as humic acid and the like can be fixed, and the loss of organic matters is reduced. Meanwhile, the modified attapulgite can adsorb heavy metal substances in soil, reduce the damage of the modified attapulgite to the soil, reduce the enrichment of heavy metal elements in the crop body, improve the crop quality and improve the food safety.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of furfural residue, 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of organic material leavening agent, 0.5 part of resistant microorganism and 1 part of synergist.
The humic acid is sodium humate.
The organic material leavening agent is EM microbial inoculum.
The resistant microorganisms are mixed by trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
The synergist is prepared by the following steps:
1) repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
2) preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, it was washed to neutrality and dried and stored for further use.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) crushing corn straws, uniformly mixing with furfural residues and soybean meal, and heating in a heating chamber at 90 ℃ for 10 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2 hours;
3) preparing a synergist: repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1; preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; stirring the mixture at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, washing to neutrality, drying, and storing;
4) uniformly mixing the synergist, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
The resistant microorganism, namely the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.821. The bacillus subtilis is freeze-dried powder. The Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC 5.1213.
The method for culturing Trichoderma harzianum in an expanding way comprises the following steps:
inoculating a Trichoderma harzianum strain on a slant culture medium into a shake flask filled with an activation culture medium with a volume ratio of 15-30%, wherein the formula of the activation culture medium comprises 18-22 g/L of glucose, 12-18 g/L of peptone, 3-7 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2-0.8 g/L of beef extract, and the strain is cultured for 20-32 hours at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the shake flask rotation speed of 180-220 rpm;
inoculating the activated and cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation medium with a volume ratio of 50-70%, wherein the volume inoculation amount is 1-3%, the formula of the fermentation medium comprises 10-15 g/L of corn flour, 3-8 g/L of glucose, 18-22 g/L of bean cake powder, 3-8 g/L of fish meal, 5-9 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.8-1.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.1-0.3 g/L of manganese sulfate, culturing at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of the fermentation tank of 200-220 rpm for 20-32 h, and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation tank is not less than 109And drying the trichoderma harzianum single strain obtained by fermentation to prepare dry powder.
Example 2
A continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of furfural residue, 18 parts of soybean meal, 18 parts of humic acid, 0.7 part of organic material leavening agent, 0.8 part of resistant microorganism and 2 parts of synergist.
The humic acid is potassium humate.
The organic material leavening agent is EM microbial inoculum.
The resistant microorganisms are mixed by trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
The synergist is prepared by the following steps:
1) repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
2) preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, it was washed to neutrality and dried and stored for further use.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) crushing corn straws, uniformly mixing with furfural residues and soybean meal, and heating in a heating chamber at 100 ℃ for 15 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 45 ℃ for 2 hours;
3) preparing a synergist: repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1; preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; stirring the mixture at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, washing to neutrality, drying, and storing;
4) uniformly mixing the synergist, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
The resistant microorganism, namely the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.821. The bacillus subtilis is freeze-dried powder. The Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC 5.1213.
The method for culturing Trichoderma harzianum in an expanding way comprises the following steps:
inoculating a Trichoderma harzianum strain on a slant culture medium into a shake flask filled with an activation culture medium with a volume ratio of 15-30%, wherein the formula of the activation culture medium comprises 18-22 g/L of glucose, 12-18 g/L of peptone, 3-7 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2-0.8 g/L of beef extract, and the strain is cultured for 20-32 hours at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the shake flask rotation speed of 180-220 rpm;
inoculating the activated and cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation medium with a volume ratio of 50-70%, wherein the volume inoculation amount is 1-3%, the formula of the fermentation medium comprises 10-15 g/L of corn flour, 3-8 g/L of glucose, 18-22 g/L of bean cake powder, 3-8 g/L of fish meal, 5-9 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.8-1.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.1-0.3 g/L of manganese sulfate, and the culture temperature is 36-0.3 g/LCulturing at the temperature of-40 ℃ and the stirring speed of a fermentation tank of 200-220 rpm for 20-32 h, wherein the content of bacillus subtilis in the fermentation tank is more than or equal to 109And drying the trichoderma harzianum single strain obtained by fermentation to prepare dry powder.
Example 3
A continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of furfural residues, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of humic acid, 1 part of organic material leavening agent, 1 part of resistant microorganism and 3 parts of synergist.
The humic acid is nitro humic acid.
The organic material leavening agent is EM microbial inoculum.
The resistant microorganisms are mixed by trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
The synergist is prepared by the following steps:
1) repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
2) preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, it was washed to neutrality and dried and stored for further use.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) crushing corn straws, uniformly mixing with furfural residues and soybean meal, and heating in a heating chamber at 110 ℃ for 20 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 48 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2 hours;
3) preparing a synergist: repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1; preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after stirring the mixture at 25 ℃ for 12 hours,washing the mixture to be neutral, drying and storing for later use;
4) uniformly mixing the synergist, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
The resistant microorganism, namely the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.821. The bacillus subtilis is freeze-dried powder. The Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC 5.1213.
The method for culturing Trichoderma harzianum in an expanding way comprises the following steps:
inoculating a Trichoderma harzianum strain on a slant culture medium into a shake flask filled with an activation culture medium with a volume ratio of 15-30%, wherein the formula of the activation culture medium comprises 18-22 g/L of glucose, 12-18 g/L of peptone, 3-7 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2-0.8 g/L of beef extract, and the strain is cultured for 20-32 hours at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the shake flask rotation speed of 180-220 rpm;
inoculating the activated and cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation medium with a volume ratio of 50-70%, wherein the volume inoculation amount is 1-3%, the formula of the fermentation medium comprises 10-15 g/L of corn flour, 3-8 g/L of glucose, 18-22 g/L of bean cake powder, 3-8 g/L of fish meal, 5-9 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.8-1.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.1-0.3 g/L of manganese sulfate, culturing at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of the fermentation tank of 200-220 rpm for 20-32 h, and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation tank is not less than 109And drying the trichoderma harzianum single strain obtained by fermentation to prepare dry powder.
Comparative example 1
A continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of furfural residues, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of humic acid, 1 part of organic material leavening agent, 1 part of resistant microorganism and 3 parts of attapulgite.
The humic acid is nitro humic acid.
The organic material leavening agent is EM microbial inoculum.
The resistant microorganisms are mixed by trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) crushing corn straws, uniformly mixing with furfural residues and soybean meal, and heating in a heating chamber at 110 ℃ for 20 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 48 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2 hours;
3) and (3) uniformly mixing the attapulgite, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
The resistant microorganism, namely the bacillus subtilis, is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.821. The bacillus subtilis is freeze-dried powder. The Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC 5.1213.
The method for culturing Trichoderma harzianum in an expanding way comprises the following steps:
inoculating a Trichoderma harzianum strain on a slant culture medium into a shake flask filled with an activation culture medium with a volume ratio of 15-30%, wherein the formula of the activation culture medium comprises 18-22 g/L of glucose, 12-18 g/L of peptone, 3-7 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2-0.8 g/L of beef extract, and the strain is cultured for 20-32 hours at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the shake flask rotation speed of 180-220 rpm;
inoculating the activated and cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation medium with a volume ratio of 50-70%, wherein the volume inoculation amount is 1-3%, the formula of the fermentation medium comprises 10-15 g/L of corn flour, 3-8 g/L of glucose, 18-22 g/L of bean cake powder, 3-8 g/L of fish meal, 5-9 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.8-1.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.1-0.3 g/L of manganese sulfate, culturing at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of the fermentation tank of 200-220 rpm for 20-32 h, and culturing the Bacillus subtilis strain in the fermentation tankThe bacteria content is more than or equal to 109And drying the trichoderma harzianum single strain obtained by fermentation to prepare dry powder.
This comparative example was the same as example 3 except that the synergist was used as the attapulgite.
Comparative example 2
A continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of furfural residues, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of humic acid, 1 part of organic material leavening agent, 1 part of resistant microorganism and 3 parts of synergist.
The humic acid is nitro humic acid.
The organic material leavening agent is EM microbial inoculum.
The resistant microorganisms are mixed by trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
The synergist is prepared by the following steps:
1) preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, it was washed to neutrality and dried and stored for further use.
A preparation method of a continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) crushing corn straws, uniformly mixing with furfural residues and soybean meal, and heating in a heating chamber at 110 ℃ for 20 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 48 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2 hours;
3) preparing a synergist: preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; stirring the mixture at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, washing to neutrality, drying, and storing;
4) uniformly mixing the synergist, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
The resistant microorganism, namely the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.821. The bacillus subtilis is freeze-dried powder. The Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC 5.1213.
The method for culturing Trichoderma harzianum in an expanding way comprises the following steps:
inoculating a Trichoderma harzianum strain on a slant culture medium into a shake flask filled with an activation culture medium with a volume ratio of 15-30%, wherein the formula of the activation culture medium comprises 18-22 g/L of glucose, 12-18 g/L of peptone, 3-7 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2-0.8 g/L of beef extract, and the strain is cultured for 20-32 hours at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the shake flask rotation speed of 180-220 rpm;
inoculating the activated and cultured Trichoderma harzianum strain into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation medium with a volume ratio of 50-70%, wherein the volume inoculation amount is 1-3%, the formula of the fermentation medium comprises 10-15 g/L of corn flour, 3-8 g/L of glucose, 18-22 g/L of bean cake powder, 3-8 g/L of fish meal, 5-9 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.8-1.2 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.1-0.3 g/L of manganese sulfate, culturing at the culture temperature of 36-40 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed of the fermentation tank of 200-220 rpm for 20-32 h, and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation tank is not less than 109And drying the trichoderma harzianum single strain obtained by fermentation to prepare dry powder.
The synergist of the comparative example does not remove Na in the previous stage2CO3The same procedure as in example 3 was followed except that the co-thermal modification was carried out by a single alkali modification.
Test of
The test varieties are: strawberry 'Hongyan'
Test site: the test is carried out in 2017-2019 in a certain strawberry planting place in Sichuan Chengdu, strawberry greenhouses with basically consistent conditions are selected, strawberries are planted in narrow ridges and wide ridges in double rows, and the density is 10 ten thousand plants/hm2And (4) covering with a full plastic film, and watering by under-film concealed irrigation. The strawberries are planted in the greenhouse for 4 years continuously, and the incidence rate of continuous cropping diseases is high.
The test method comprises the following steps: the test was carried out using 7 treatments, each of which had a treatment area of 667m, in test groups S1-S72S1-S3, the fertilizers obtained in the invention examples 1-3 are applied with the fertilizing amount of 400 kg/mu, and are uniformly spread on the ground surface before the strawberry is planted, and then are ploughed into the soil. S4-S5 the fertilizer obtained in the comparative examples 1-2 is applied, S6 is the daily fertilizer used by farmers, and S7 is a blank control.
Test investigation: randomly selecting plants each time, harvesting commodity fruits in several times, weighing, counting the total yield (from the initial harvest period to the final yield of the result), measuring the content of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solid and Vc, and calculating the sugar-acid ratio. Weighing the weight of the strawberry fruits by using an electronic balance; the sugar content is measured by potassium ferricyanide method; titratable acid content is determined by a standard NaOH titration method; the soluble solids content was measured using a refractometer. Meanwhile, the disease incidence condition of each treatment is tracked and investigated, and the disease incidence is calculated.
The strawberry disease incidence adopts a field investigation method:
the incidence rate is that the number of dead seedlings/the total number of planted seedlings in the investigation interval is multiplied by 100 percent
TABLE 1 strawberry cultivation test results
Selecting 7 heavy metal polluted strawberry test fields, respectively applying examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 and common fertilizers of the invention, sampling and analyzing the content of Cu and Cd in effective states of 7 pieces of soil after planting, and determining the content of Cu and Cd in produced strawberries, wherein the results are shown in Table 2:
after soil collection, the soil is air-dried, crushed and screened by a 0.15mm aperture sieve for analyzing soil properties. Washing strawberry with deionized water, oven drying, weighing, pulverizing, and sieving with 0.15mm sieve.
The Cu and Cd contents of the strawberries are respectively determined by atomic absorption spectrometry according to GB/T5009.13-2003 'determination of copper in food' and GB5009.15-2.14 'determination of cadmium in food safety national standard food'. The contents of Cu and Cd in the effective state of the soil are determined by adopting diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid leaching-inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry according to GB/T17138-1997 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry for determining the soil mass of Cu and Zn and GB/T17141-1997 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for determining the soil mass of Pb and Cd.
TABLE 2 planting test results
| Cu content mg/kg in soil | The content of Cd in the soil is mg/kg | Cu content mg/kg in strawberry | Cd content mg/kg in strawberry | |
| Example 1 | 8.21 | 0.182 | 0.12 | 0.03 |
| Example 2 | 8.03 | 0.171 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
| Example 3 | 7.28 | 0.160 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Comparative example 1 | 11.68 | 0.210 | 0.23 | 0.06 |
| Comparative example 2 | 11.05 | 0.193 | 0.19 | 0.05 |
| Blank control | 20.55 | 0.253 | 0.62 | 0.11 |
| Ordinary fertilizer | 18.96 | 0.255 | 0.70 | 0.12 |
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of furfural residue, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 0.5-1 part of organic material leavening agent, 0.5-1 part of resistant microorganism and 1-3 parts of synergist.
2. The continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid is one or more of sodium humate, potassium humate and nitro humic acid.
3. The anti-continuous cropping bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic material starter is EM microbial inoculum.
4. The continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the resistant microorganisms are a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in equal proportion.
5. The continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synergist is prepared by the following method:
1) repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
2) preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; after the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, it was washed to neutrality and dried and stored for further use.
6. A preparation method of the anti-continuous cropping bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pulverizing corn stalk, mixing with furfural residue and soybean meal, heating in a heating chamber at 90-110 deg.C for 10-20 min;
2) cooling the material obtained in the step (1) to room temperature, adding humic acid and an organic material leavening agent according to the weight parts, mixing and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 40-48 ℃ for 2 hours;
3) preparing a synergist: repeatedly washing attapulgite with deionized water, drying at 105 deg.C to constant weight, and mixing with Na2CO3Mixing and roasting for 2 hours at 800 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 3: 1; preparing 1mol/L NaOH solution, and adding attapulgite into the NaOH solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 5; stirring the mixture at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, washing to neutrality, drying, and storing;
4) uniformly mixing the synergist, the resistant microorganisms and the materials obtained in the step (2), naturally drying until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing to 50-100 meshes to obtain the continuous cropping resistant bio-organic fertilizer.
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