CN111943754A - Crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8-1.0% of compound microbial agent, 0.05-0.15% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00001-0.0001% of plant immune inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar. According to the invention, the crop straw biochar, the functional compound microbial agent and the plant resistance inducer are compounded to obtain the crop straw biochar compound microbial organic fertilizer; the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer can activate a plant immune system and adjust a plant root system ecosystem, and has the functions of high fertilizer efficiency and disease and pest prevention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional composite microbial fertilizers, in particular to a crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, various crop diseases are in an increasing trend, epidemic diseases are high in disaster risk, and the production safety of grains and vegetables is seriously threatened. One of the reasons for the occurrence of disease is that production is limited by soil factors, excessive application of fertilizers; continuous cropping diseases become more serious day by day; hardened soil, low organic matter content, unbalanced nutrients, aggravated secondary salinization and the like. At present, the main measures for breaking through the limitation of soil factors on agricultural production are cultivation of disease-resistant varieties and additional application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. However, the balance between the quality of disease-resistant varieties and resistance is poor, and resistance loss is easily caused by long-term use. Practice shows that the pesticide can recover 30-40% of the total crop yield loss all over the world, but the pesticide resistance is continuously aggravated, the environmental ecological risk is obvious, pesticide residue and other social and ecological problems are caused by excessive dependence on chemical pesticides in the production. Therefore, adding organic fertilizer, improving soil organic matter and improving soil physicochemical property are the necessary measures for continuously increasing yield at present.
The crop straw biochar is a solid product of crop straw pyrolysis carbonization, has high carbon content and good stability, belongs to one of black carbon, and has wide application prospect in the agricultural field and environmental systems. Because the crop straw biochar has the characteristics of porosity, large specific surface area and strong adsorbability, the crop straw biochar is generally used as a fertilizer carrier at present. The crop straw biomass charcoal serving as the fertilizer carrier can not only endow the fertilizer with certain slow release capacity and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, but also greatly reduce the using amount of the biomass charcoal compared with the application mode that the biomass charcoal is applied to soil as a soil conditioner in tons, and save the cost. In addition, the biomass charcoal can be used as a carrier material of fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and can also be used as a carrier of some microbial fertilizers to support the growth and release of the fertilizers and the organic fertilizers in soil.
However, due to the changeful structure and characteristics of crop straw biochar and the complex action relationship among different microbial strains, the development of microbial organic compound fertilizers with high fertilizer efficiency and disease and pest prevention functions is still the current technical difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, the crop straw biochar, the functional compound microbial agent, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the plant resistance inducer are compounded to obtain the crop straw biochar compound microbial organic fertilizer; the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer can activate a plant immune system and adjust a plant root system ecosystem, and has the functions of high fertilizer efficiency, disease and insect prevention, growth promotion and yield increase.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.8-1.0% of compound microbial agent, 0.05-0.15% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00001-0.0001% of plant immune inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
Preferably, the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.9 percent of compound microbial agent, 0.1 percent of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00005 per mill of plant immunity inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
Preferably, the complex microbial agent comprises: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
More preferably, the compound microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to a weight ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1.
Preferably, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytic bursal fungus CD-1, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: m2014532. This strain is described in patent CN 104450536B.
Preferably, the plant immune response-inducing agent is 2' -deoxyguanosine.
Preferably, the crop straw biochar is prepared by carbonizing rice straws serving as a raw material at the temperature of 600-800 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer in promoting plant growth.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer in increasing crop yield is provided.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides application of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer in improving plant disease resistance.
In the above application, the plant or crop is preferably potato, corn or celery.
In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of increasing crop yield and/or disease resistance, comprising: and applying the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer or an additional fertilizer.
Preferably, the application amount of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer is 70-100 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the microbial organic compound fertilizer with high fertilizer efficiency and disease and pest prevention functions is prepared by applying a microbial fertilizer technology, adopting a reasonable flora compounding technical method and an effective process route.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has influence on the disease resistance of potatoes.
FIG. 2: the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has influence on the growth vigor of corns.
FIG. 3: the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has influence on the growth vigor of celery.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background section, straw biomass charcoal can be used as a carrier for chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers. However, due to the changeful structure and characteristics of crop straw biochar and the complex action relationship among different microbial strains, the reports on the biomass charcoal-based microbial compound fertilizer are still less at present. The research is that the biological carbon is combined with microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer to improve the soil of saline-alkali soil; although the compound preparation has a better effect of improving saline-alkali soil, the research on the disease and insect prevention effect of the prepared product is lacked. Research reports that a carbon-based biological compound organic fertilizer consists of compound functional microorganisms with nitrogen fixation capacity, phosphorus dissolving effect and potassium dissolving effect, which secrete plant growth hormone and generate ACC (alpha-amino-transferase) deaminase, and self-made modified biochar and organic auxiliary materials are added to enhance the growth promotion effect of the functional microorganisms; but the carbon-based biological compound organic fertilizer is mainly used for repairing and improving the obstacle soil.
Different from the reported carbon-based biological compound organic fertilizer, the crop straw biological carbon compound microbial organic fertilizer is prepared by compounding crop straw biological carbon, a functional compound microbial agent, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a plant resistance inducer, and optimizing the fertilizer ratio, so that a plant immune system is activated, a plant root system ecosystem is adjusted, healthy cultivation of crops is realized, and the quality and the yield of the crops are improved.
In the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi adopt ascomycetous mycorrhizal fungi CD-1 separated from soil by an inventor, and early-stage research (CN104450536B) finds that the ascomycetous mycorrhizal fungi CD-1 in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can promote the growth and development of tomato seedling stage, promote the growth and development of corn with higher root infection rate and improve the resistance of corn B73 to maize sheath blight fungi; the plant resistance inducer adopts 2 '-deoxyguanosine (CN109221197B) discovered by the inventor in earlier research, and the 2' -deoxyguanosine can stimulate active oxygen burst of plant leaves, highly express a disease course related gene PR1 and obviously reduce the lesion area and the bacterial growth number. However, the gloeocystis rhizogenes CD-1 and the plant resistance inducer 2 '-deoxyguanosine in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhiza are separately investigated in earlier researches, whether the gloeocystis rhizogenes CD-1 and the plant resistance inducer 2' -deoxyguanosine can be compounded or not can be obtained, and the compounded effect cannot be known.
As another key component of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer, namely a composite microbial agent, the selection of the strain type and the optimization of the using amount in the composite microbial agent are one of the technical difficulties of the invention. As various action relations such as synergy, competition, antagonism or neutrality may exist among strains forming the compound microbial agent, the antagonistic experiment is carried out by adopting a filter paper sheet method, and the interaction relations among different strains are investigated, and the result shows that the four strains of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens do not have the phenomenon of mutual inhibition, so that the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens are selected as the compound microbial agent in the invention in combination with the consideration of the synergy and complementation of the strains.
Further, the compound microbial agent, the ascomycete radicis CD-1 in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the plant immunity inducer 2' -deoxyguanosine and the crop straw biochar are compounded to obtain the crop straw biochar compound microbial organic fertilizer. In order to prove that the raw materials of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer have a synergistic effect, the invention adopts the following tests for investigation:
1. and (3) test crops: potato
2. The planting mode is as follows: planting potatoes in a greenhouse, alternately performing 16-hour illumination and 8-hour darkness every day, wherein the culture temperature is 26 ℃, and the air humidity is 60-70%; the greenhouse site is at Shandong university of agriculture.
3. The test method comprises the following steps:
there are 6 treatments in total, of which:
and (3) treatment A: mixing crop straw biochar and the ascomyces radicis CD-1 in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhiza according to the weight ratio of 99.9:0.1, and using the mixture as a base fertilizer.
And (B) treatment: mixing crop straw biochar and a compound microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 99:1, and using the mixture as a base fertilizer.
And C, treatment: mixing crop straw biochar with a plant resistance inducer, wherein the addition amount of the plant immunity resistance inducer is 0.00005 per mill, and the plant immunity resistance inducer is used as a base fertilizer.
And D, processing: mixing crop straw biochar, arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytic cyst mold CD-1 carbon and a compound microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 99:0.1:0.9, and using the mixture as a base fertilizer.
And E, processing: mixing crop straw biochar, a compound microbial agent and a plant resistance inducer, wherein the weight ratio of the crop straw biochar to the compound microbial agent is 99:1, and the addition amount of the plant immunity resistance inducer is 0.00005 per mill, and using the mixture as a base fertilizer.
And F, treatment: mixing crop straw biochar, arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytic cyst mold CD-1 carbon, a compound microbial agent and a plant immune resistance inducer to be used as a base fertilizer; wherein, the compound microbial inoculum is 0.9 percent, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is 0.1 percent, and the plant immunity inducing resistance agent is 0.00005 per mill; the balance being crop straw biochar.
The same amount of crop straw biochar is used as a reference fertilizer, and the using amount of the base fertilizer is 100 kg/mu.
The test adopts random block method, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the row spacing of each repeated plant is 25cm × 50cm, and the area is 6m2. The plant rates of the potato plants with scab and late blight are observed and analyzed before harvest.
4. And (3) test results:
| treatment of | Reduction in the incidence of scab | Reduction of late blight disease rate |
| Treatment A | 45％ | 36％ |
| Treatment B | 33％ | 43％ |
| Treatment C | 27％ | 41 |
| Process D | ||
| 40％ | 34％ | |
| Treatment E | 55％ | 46 |
| Treatment F | ||
| 70％ | 58％ |
Note: the "reduction in the rate of scab strains" and "reduction in the rate of late blight strains" were compared to controls.
The above results show that: the compound microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the compound microbial agent, the arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytic cyst mold CD-1, the plant immunity inducer 2' -deoxyguanosine and the crop straw biochar according to a specific weight ratio, and has a remarkable synergistic effect in the aspect of reducing potato diseases. Moreover, the invention further discovers that the compound microbial organic fertilizer has a control effect on potato diseases, can promote the growth of various crops and improves the quality of the crops.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention, which were not specifically described, were all those conventional in the art and commercially available. Wherein:
the plant immunity inducer adopted in the embodiment of the invention is 2' -deoxyguanosine (CAS number: 961-07-9); the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytic cyst mold CD-1 (the strain preservation number is CCTCC NO: M2014532); bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were purchased from organisms of the family Vitaceae.
Example 1: preparation of crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer
1. The raw materials comprise (by weight percent):
0.9 percent of compound microbial agent, 0.1 percent of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00005 per mill of plant immunity inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
Wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the weight ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 is compounded; the number of viable bacteria in the compound microbial agent is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/gram.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the compound microbial agent, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the plant immunity inducer and the crop straw biochar according to the weight ratio to obtain the compound biological agent.
Example 2: preparation of crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer
1. The raw materials comprise (by weight percent):
0.8% of compound microbial agent, 0.15% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00001% of plant immune inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
Wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the weight ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 is compounded; the number of viable bacteria in the compound microbial agent is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/gram.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the compound microbial agent, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the plant immunity inducer and the crop straw biochar according to the weight ratio to obtain the compound biological agent.
Example 3: preparation of crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer
1. The raw materials comprise (by weight percent):
1.0% of compound microbial agent, 0.05% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.0001% of plant immunity inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
Wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the weight ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 is compounded; the number of viable bacteria in the compound microbial agent is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/gram.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the compound microbial agent, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the plant immunity inducer and the crop straw biochar according to the weight ratio to obtain the compound biological agent.
Application example 1: effect of crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer on potatoes
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
experimental groups: compounding the crop straw biochar composite microbial fertilizer prepared in the example 1 with a conventional compound fertilizer according to a mass ratio of l to l, wherein the application amount after compounding is 200 kg/mu; the control group is a conventional compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 200 kg/mu; the conventional compound fertilizer is a nitro compound fertilizer which is produced in the ratio of 15:15:15 by the method of gold-Yimeng.
The remaining treatment test groups and control groups were identical.
In the growth and fruiting processes of the potatoes, the growth and phytotoxicity conditions of plants are observed, scab diseases and late blight diseases are analyzed, and disease indexes, disease prevention effects and yield increase effects are calculated.
2. As a result:
the potato scab disease rate of the experimental group is 15%, the potato scab disease rate of the control group is 25%, the potato late blight disease rate of the experimental group is 8%, the potato late blight disease rate of the control group is 20%, the potatoes of the experimental group are ripe 3 days earlier than that of the control group, and in the aspect of yield, the yield of the experimental group is 3240 kg/mu, the yield of the control group is 2699 kg/mu, and the yield is improved by 20.1%. Compared with a control, the content of vitamin C, the content of soluble sugar and the underground dry matter of the potatoes processed by the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer are the highest and respectively reach 28mg/100g, 8% and 136g, and are increased by 35%, 125% and 15% compared with the control.
Application example 2: the effect of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer on the corn.
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
experimental groups: compounding the crop straw biochar composite microbial fertilizer prepared in the example 1 with a common compound fertilizer according to a mass ratio of l to l, wherein the application amount after compounding is 150 kg/mu; the control group is a common compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 150 kg/mu. Analysis 10 random maize plants were taken and analyzed for growth.
2. And (3) test results:
the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
| item | Ear length/cm | Ear thickness/cm | Number of lines/number | Weight of hundred grains |
| Experimental group | 20.8 | 5.2 | 16 | 28 |
| Control group | 19.2 | 5.1 | 14 | 26.5 |
The results show that all indexes of the experimental group are superior to those of the control group.
Application example 3: the effect of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer on celery planting is achieved.
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
experimental groups: compounding the crop straw biochar composite microbial fertilizer prepared in the example 1 with a common compound fertilizer according to a mass ratio of l to l, wherein the application amount after compounding is 150 kg/mu; the control group is a common compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 150 kg/mu.
2. And (3) test results:
the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2:
the results show that: the experimental group was superior to the control group.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.8-1.0% of compound microbial agent, 0.05-0.15% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00001-0.0001% of plant immune inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
2. The crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.9 percent of compound microbial agent, 0.1 percent of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 0.00005 per mill of plant immunity inducer; the balance being crop straw biochar.
3. The crop straw biochar compound microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
4. The crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the composite microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to a weight ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 in a certain proportion.
5. The crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is gloeocystis rhizogenes CD-1 in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: m2014532.
6. The application of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-5 in promoting plant growth.
7. The use of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-5 for increasing crop yield.
8. The application of the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-5 in improving disease resistance of plants.
9. A method of increasing crop yield and/or disease resistance, comprising: applying the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-5 as a base fertilizer or an additional fertilizer.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the crop straw biochar composite microbial organic fertilizer is applied in an amount of 70-100 kg/mu.
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| CN117303979A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-29 | 淮北师范大学 | Preparation method and application of straw carbon-based microbial fertilizer |
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