CN107227270B - Biological control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases, biological control substrate for soil-borne diseases, and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents
Biological control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases, biological control substrate for soil-borne diseases, and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil-borne disease control, in particular to a biological control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases, a biological control substrate for soil-borne diseases, a preparation method and a use method thereof. The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE 05; the preservation unit of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 is as follows: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: eight-way Lojia mountain in Wuchang district, Wuhan city, Hubei province, preservation date: 2016, 11/07/2016 with a preservation number of CCTCCM 2016621; the preservation unit of the bacillus pumilus FE05 is as follows: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: eight-way Lojia mountain in Wuchang district, Wuhan city, Hubei province, preservation date: 2016, 11/07/2016, with a collection number of CCTCCM 2016624. The soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum and the corresponding soil-borne disease bio-control substrate using the same can greatly reduce the fatality rate of watermelons, and particularly can effectively control the problems of soil-borne diseases of watermelons in Ningxia and other places.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil-borne disease control, in particular to a biological control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases, a biological control substrate for soil-borne diseases, a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, soil-borne diseases refer to diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses that live in the soil with disease residues and attack crops from the roots or stems of the crops under appropriate conditions. Continuous cropping is a main human factor for forming diseased soil, and the main reason is that due to continuous planting of crops, certain corresponding pathogenic bacteria can be propagated in successive years and are accumulated in a large amount in soil to form diseased soil, so that diseases occur annually.
Taking a watermelon as an example, 80 ten thousand mu of sand-pressed watermelons exist in Ningxia, and if the area of the watermelons and the melons in Xinjiang in Gansu province is calculated, nearly ten million mu are achieved, and the areas are traditional planting fields, so that continuous operation obstacles exist generally and need to be treated urgently. As the soil has an adsorption effect on chemical agents, the general chemical prevention and control effect is not ideal, so that the soil-borne diseases or continuous cropping obstacles are generally considered to be a long-standing problem. Generally, facility greenhouses adopt a microbiological method to treat continuous cropping obstacles, and the control effect is generally over 80 percent, because the soil in the greenhouses contains rich organic matters, the survival and the propagation of the biocontrol microbial inoculum are facilitated. However, the soil for planting the Ningxia sand pressing watermelon hardly contains organic matters, even common soil particles do not exist, the watermelon grows in sand gravel manually moved to the ground, and the biocontrol microbial inoculum applied to the ground is difficult to survive, so that the prevention and treatment of the continuous cropping obstacle of the sand pressing watermelon in the Ningxia Gansu and other places becomes a worldwide problem.
The invention patent with the patent application number of 201310103100.2 discloses a special controlled release fertilizer for biologically preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of watermelons, wherein a biological control pesticide fertilizer is matched with a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to the nutrient requirement rule of watermelons, the obtained special controlled release fertilizer for watermelons not only provides a biological disease prevention function for watermelons, but also enables nutrient release to meet the absorption requirement of watermelons, but the special controlled release fertilizer for watermelons does not solve the problem that biological control microbial inoculum is difficult to survive and propagate in soil which almost does not contain organic matters, such as Ningxia Gansu and the like, so that the problem of soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping of biological control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum which consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus pumilus which are easy to survive and reproduce and have pathogenic bacteria for controlling watermelon diseases and has broad-spectrum inhibition on the pathogenic bacteria of the watermelon, further provides a soil-borne disease biocontrol substrate capable of improving the survival rate and the reproductive capacity of the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum, and correspondingly provides a simple preparation method of the soil-borne disease biocontrol substrate and a use method for isolating a main root of the watermelon from diseased soil so as to improve the survival rate and the reproductive capacity of the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention also provides a soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum, which consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus pumilus;
the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is named as bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and has the chemical name of Latin:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens，the preservation unit: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: eight-way Lojia mountain in Wuchang district, Wuhan city, Hubei province, preservation date: 2016, 11/07/2016 with a preservation number of CCTCCM 2016621;
the bacillus pumilus is named as bacillus pumilus FE05, and has the Latin school name:Bacillus pumilus，the preservation unit: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: eight-way Lojia mountain in Wuchang district, Wuhan city, Hubei province, preservation date: 2016, 11/07/2016, with a collection number of CCTCCM 2016624.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05 have antagonistic action on watermelon pathogenic bacteria, can be applied to the field of watermelon disease control, but are not limited to the field of watermelon disease control, and because the pathogenic bacteria of different plants have large similarity, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05 can also be applied to the field of disease control of other plants, but have optimal antagonistic action on the watermelon pathogenic bacteria.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05 are intelligent achievements obtained through a great deal of experimental labor.
Firstly, the applicant obtains the pathogenic bacteria of the main disease of Ningxia watermelon by separation, which not only can find out the basic occurrence condition of the disease of Ningxia watermelon at the present stage, but also can use the pathogenic bacteria as targets for the next step of separating and screening the biocontrol antagonistic bacteria;
further, the applicant has obtained microorganisms that effectively antagonize or inhibit the above pathogenic bacteria through a large number of separation and screening works. The specific method is that soil samples are taken from various places such as vegetable garden, forest, wet land, etc., diluted by sterile water and coated on nutrient agar culture medium, after the bacteria grow on the culture medium, 5000 bacterial colonies are selected and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use. Inoculating watermelon pathogenic bacteria on the center of a culture medium plate, inoculating a to-be-tested strain at a place about 2 cm away from the central pathogenic bacteria, wherein if the to-be-tested strain can inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria, the central pathogenic bacteria cannot grow to the position of antagonistic bacteria, and a sterile zone exists between the central pathogenic bacteria and the antagonistic bacteria; if the strains to be tested have no inhibiting effect, pathogenic bacteria can grow to the positions of the strains to be tested and even cross the strains to be tested; finally, 83 antagonistic strains capable of inhibiting watermelon pathogenic bacteria were obtained. Generally, one microorganism is difficult to effectively inhibit multiple pathogenic bacteria, so a large amount of antagonistic bacteria combinations (including combinations of not less than two strains) need to be further determined, the aim of broad-spectrum inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria is achieved through optimal combination matching, and finally, the combination of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 is selected as the optimal antagonistic bacteria combination of the invention.
According to the invention, if the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 or the bacillus pumilus FE05 are used independently, the watermelon pathogenic bacteria cannot be effectively inhibited at the same time. Through antagonistic experiments on 103 fungi, B6 can inhibit 73 fungi, FE05 can inhibit 61 fungi, and the antagonistic spectrum of the two fungi is different. The two are combined together, and the difference is complementary, so that 97 fungi can be inhibited. The soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum capable of inhibiting watermelon pathogenic bacteria in a broad spectrum is obtained by combining the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05, has high reproductive capacity and strong nutrition-deficient environment tolerance, and can play an effective role when applied to soil which hardly contains organic matters, such as Ningxia Gansu and the like. Preferably, the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a quantitative ratio of 5-1: 1. Tests and detections show that the proportion can adjust the symbiotic balance between the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05, reduce the mutual inhibition caused by the competition of resources of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05, and integrate the bacterial effects of the two strains on different watermelon pathogenic bacteria and the quantity and the hazard effects of the different watermelon pathogenic bacteria, so that the strain proportion is preferably selected to achieve a better broad-spectrum antibacterial effect by using less nutrient resources.
The invention also provides a soil-borne disease biological control substrate, which is formed by inoculating the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling substrate, wherein the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum number of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate is more than or equal to 500 ten thousand per gram, and preferably, the effective viable count is 500-2 hundred million per gram;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
55 to 100 percent of organic fertilizer
0 to 35 percent of water
0 to 10 percent of binder
Wherein the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose and/or attapulgite.
The soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum applied to the soil-borne disease biocontrol substrate has the advantages that: 1. not only can the prevention and the treatment of pathogenic bacteria be realized, but also the nutrition can be provided for crops through the organic fertilizer, and the soil environment which hardly contains organic matters, such as Ningxia Gansu and the like, can be improved to a certain extent; 2. the organic fertilizer can also be used as an organic nutrient to promote the propagation and growth of the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum; 3. the seedling raising substrate can isolate the direct contact between the watermelon root and the soil, thereby reducing the possibility of infecting the root by pathogenic bacteria and achieving the purpose of protecting the watermelon root.
In addition, in consideration of the bonding effect of the binder and the growth requirement of the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum of the application, the binder can be composed of hydroxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 5:1-1:5, the binder is preferably hydroxymethyl cellulose, the hydroxymethyl cellulose and the attapulgite can play a good bonding role in the seedling raising matrix, and the hydroxymethyl cellulose can also be used as an organic nutrient to participate in nutrient supply in cooperation with an organic fertilizer, so that the growth promoting effect of the seedling raising matrix on watermelons is improved.
In addition, the seedling culture substrate can be only organic fertilizer, can also be only composed of organic fertilizer and water, can also be only composed of organic fertilizer and binder, can also be composed of organic fertilizer, water and binder, and can also be composed of organic fertilizer, water, binder and functional agents (such as vitamins, inorganic salts, sugar, traditional Chinese medicine agents and the like) added according to requirements.
Preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
62 to 89 percent of organic fertilizer
10 to 30 percent of water
1-8% of a binder.
The addition of the binder can enable the organic fertilizer to be stuck together, so that the organic fertilizer can be conveniently extruded into a certain shape, and the planting requirement is met.
More preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
68 to 75 percent of organic fertilizer
20 to 25 percent of water
5-7% of a binder.
The water content is more than 20wt%, and the watermelon can easily absorb the water to dilute the sugar content and reduce the sweet taste; the water amount is less than 20wt%, so that unsmooth transportation of nutrient substances is easy to cause, crops cannot absorb enough nutrients and shrink, and meanwhile, the propagation of the biocontrol microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases is not facilitated due to too low water amount.
Wherein the organic fertilizer is at least one of grass peat and animal manure. Peat is a product of the development process of swamps, is formed in the quaternary stage, and is formed by incomplete decomposition and accumulation of residues of swamp plants under the anaerobic condition of watery water. The fertilizer contains a large amount of water, plant residues which are not thoroughly decomposed, humus and a part of mineral substances, has long fertilizer efficiency and can well improve basic soil; the animal waste contains various active enzymes secreted by the animal digestive tract and various enzymes produced by microorganisms, and the enzymes are beneficial to improving the absorption performance, the buffering performance and the stress resistance of soil.
Furthermore, the animal manure is subjected to fermentation treatment, and beneficial substances such as humic acid and the like are contained in the animal manure after the fermentation treatment, so that the growth of crops is facilitated.
Further, the animal manure fermentation treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 50-70 wt%; (2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent produced by Ningxia Wufeng agricultural science and technology limited into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.02-0.1wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content; (3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 50-60 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 20-30 days.
After the animal waste is treated by the fermentation process, pathogenic microorganisms and weed seeds in the animal waste can be effectively inactivated, and a large amount of beneficial components such as humic acid and the like are generated, so that the animal waste can be used in the seedling raising substrate, the activity of the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum can be improved, the fatality rate of watermelons is reduced, the animal waste can also be used as rich organic nutrition to promote the growth of watermelons, and the qualities such as sweetness and texture of watermelons are improved.
Further preferably, the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented sheep manure, and the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented sheep manure is 5:1-1: 1. The organic fertilizer combination is obtained by comprehensively considering the growth requirements of watermelons and soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum and carrying out numerous experiments, and through the proportional combination, the sweetness of the watermelons can be properly improved while the mortality of the watermelons is greatly reduced by effectively inhibiting bacteria. More preferably, the turf is produced from Liaoning, the sheep manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure, and the organic decomposition agent is produced from Ningxia Wufeng agricultural science and technology limited company, Liaoning turf, Qinghai plateau sheep manure and an organic decomposition agent produced from Ningxia Wufeng agricultural science and technology limited company.
Wherein the biocontrol microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a quantitative ratio of 5-1: 1. This quantitative ratio was confirmed by the dilution coating method. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05 can generate antagonistic substances to pathogenic bacteria of watermelons, can live together, can synergistically act in a soil environment with less organic matters through a further optimal proportion, and has a better effect of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) uniformly mixing the inoculated organic fertilizer, water and adhesive and pressing into a required shape; preferably, pressing into a cylinder with the diameter of 5-15 cm and the height of 1-9 cm, and pressing a seed groove with the diameter of 1-3 cm and the depth of 1-2 cm at the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds; more preferably, the cylinder is 10 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height, and the seed groove is 2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm deep.
The soil-borne disease biological control substrate is pressed into a cylinder, which is more convenient for industrial application.
The invention also provides a use method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit in a sowing land, and putting the soil-borne disease biological control substrate into the pit;
(2) seeds are placed on the surface of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate, preferably in a seed tank, and then are watered, covered with soil and covered with a film. The use method can isolate the main root of the watermelon from the diseased soil, thereby improving the survival rate and the reproductive capacity of the bio-control microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases and further improving the control effect of the soil-borne diseases of the watermelon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05 are antagonistic strains which are obtained by taking soil samples from various places such as vegetable gardens, forests, wetlands and the like and can inhibit watermelon pathogenic bacteria, have strong specificity and are particularly suitable for environmental soil of places such as Ningxia and the like; 2. according to the invention, the biological control fungicide for soil-borne diseases is obtained by compounding the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and the bacillus pumilus FE05, and the two have the effect of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in a broad spectrum manner; 3. the biological control substrate for the soil-borne diseases can isolate the main root of the watermelon from the diseased soil and provide a biological control microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases and nutrient components required by the watermelon, thereby greatly reducing the fatality rate of the watermelon, improving the flesh color and the meat quality of the watermelon and also improving the sugar content of the watermelon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a colony image of a single colony of the isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 under a microscope.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the spore staining result of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6.
FIG. 3 is a colony image of a single colony of Bacillus pumilus FE05 isolated under a microscope.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the staining results of Bacillus pumilus FE05 spores.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are shown in FIGS. 1-4.
Example 1
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum number of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 500 ten thousand per gram;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
79.5 percent of organic fertilizer
20 percent of water
0.5 percent of binder
Wherein the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a ratio of 3: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 3:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 60 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.06wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 55 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 25 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) uniformly mixing the inoculated organic fertilizer, water and adhesive, pressing into a cylinder with the diameter of 10 cm and the height of 5 cm, and pressing a seed groove with the diameter of 2 cm and the depth of 1.5 cm from the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds;
the application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit in a sowing land, and putting the soil-borne disease biological control substrate into the pit;
(2) and putting the seeds into the soil-borne disease biological control matrix seed tank, and then watering, earthing and covering with a film.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum count of the disease-borne biological control substrate is 600 ten thousand per gram
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
69 percent of organic fertilizer
30 percent of water
1% of binder.
The fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 50 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.02wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 50 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 30 days.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum count of the disease-borne biological control substrate is 800 ten thousand per gram
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
89.9 percent of organic fertilizer
10 percent of water
0.1 percent of binder.
The fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 70 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.1wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 60 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 20 days.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum count of the disease-borne biological control substrate is 1000 ten thousand per gram
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a ratio of 5: 1.
The weight ratio of the turf to the fermented animal manure is 5: 1.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum count of the disease-borne biological control substrate is 1200 ten thousand per gram
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a ratio of 1: 1.
The weight ratio of the turf to the fermented animal manure is 1: 1.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum count of the disease-borne biological control substrate is 3000 ten thousand per gram
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
83.5 percent of organic fertilizer
15.8 percent of water
0.7 percent of binder
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a ratio of 4: 1.
The weight ratio of the turf to the fermented animal manure is 4:1, and the animal manure is cow manure.
The binder is attapulgite.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease bio-control microbial inoculum count of the disease-borne biological control substrate is 4000 ten thousand per gram
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
75.5 percent of organic fertilizer
24.2 percent of water
0.3 percent of binder
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 in a ratio of 2: 1.
The weight ratio of the turf to the fermented animal manure is 2:1, and the animal manure is pig manure.
The binder is composed of hydroxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 8
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum number of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 6000 ten thousand/g;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
70 percent of organic fertilizer
29.9 percent of water
0.1 percent of binder
Wherein the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 according to the quantitative ratio of 3.5: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 2.5:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 55 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.04wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 53 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 27 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) and pressing the inoculated organic fertilizer, water and adhesive into a cylinder with the diameter of 5 cm and the height of 1 cm, and pressing a seed groove with the diameter of 1 cm and the depth of 1 cm at the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds.
The application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
Example 9
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum number of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 8000 ten thousand/g;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
90 percent of organic fertilizer
9.8 percent of water
0.2 percent of binder
Wherein the binder consists of hydroxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 2: 1.
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 according to the quantitative ratio of 4.5: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 1.5:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 65 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.08wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 58 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature is maintained for 22 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) and uniformly mixing the inoculated organic fertilizer, water and adhesive, pressing into a cylinder with the diameter of 15 cm and the height of 9 cm, and pressing a seed groove with the diameter of 3 cm and the depth of 2 cm at the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds.
The application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
Example 10
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 1 hundred million/gram;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
65 percent of organic fertilizer
34.4 percent of water
0.6 percent of binder
Wherein the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 according to the quantitative ratio of 3.5: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 4:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 66 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.05wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 54 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 26 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) the organic fertilizer, water and adhesive after inoculation are mixed evenly and pressed into a cylinder with the diameter of 12 cm and the height of 7 cm, and a seed groove with the diameter of 2.5 cm and the depth of 1.8 cm is pressed out from the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds.
The application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
Example 11
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 1.2 hundred million/gram;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
72 percent of organic fertilizer
27.6 percent of water
0.4 percent of binder
Wherein the binder consists of hydroxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 3: 1.
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 according to the quantitative ratio of 1.5: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 2:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 58 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.07wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 56 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature is maintained for 24 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) the organic fertilizer, water and adhesive after inoculation are mixed evenly and pressed into a cylinder with the diameter of 7 cm and the height of 3 cm, and a seed groove with the diameter of 1.2 cm and the depth of 1.1 cm is pressed out from the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds.
The application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
Example 12
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 1.5 hundred million/gram;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
99.2 percent of organic fertilizer
0.8 percent of binder
Wherein the binder is prepared from hydroxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite according to a weight ratio of 1: 2 in proportion.
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 according to the quantitative ratio of 2.8: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 3.6:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 53 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.09wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 53.9 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 26 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) the organic fertilizer, water and adhesive after inoculation are mixed evenly and pressed into a cylinder with the diameter of 8.8 cm and the height of 2.4 cm, and a seed groove with the diameter of 1.6 cm and the depth of 1.6 cm is pressed out from the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds.
The application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
Example 13
The disease-transmitting biological control substrate is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum to a seedling culture substrate, and the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum of the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is 1.8 hundred million/gram;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
80 percent of organic fertilizer
20 percent of water
The biocontrol microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 and bacillus pumilus FE05 according to the quantitative ratio of 1.8: 1;
the organic fertilizer consists of grass peat and fermented animal manure, the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented animal manure is 2.8:1, the grass peat is Liaoning grass peat, and the animal manure is Qinghai plateau sheep manure;
the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the water content: adjusting the water content of the animal waste to 66.6 wt%;
(2) adding an organic decomposing agent: adding an organic decomposition agent into the animal manure with the adjusted water content, and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic decomposition agent is 0.03wt% of the animal manure with the adjusted water content;
(3) high-temperature sterilization: the temperature of the animal manure is maintained at 51.2 ℃ by utilizing the reaction heat of the organic decomposition agent and the animal manure, and the temperature maintaining time is 21 days.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the steps of inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum into an organic fertilizer;
the application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit in a sowing land, and putting the soil-borne disease biological control substrate into the pit;
(2) and (3) placing the seeds on the surface of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate, and then watering, covering soil and covering a film. The application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
Example 14
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the seedling culture substrate is an organic fertilizer; the organic fertilizer is composed of Liaoning grass carbon and commercial fermented Qinghai plateau goat manure according to the weight ratio of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the steps of inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum into an organic fertilizer, wherein the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biological control microbial inoculum of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate is 2 hundred million/g;
the application method of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit in a sowing land, and putting the soil-borne disease biological control substrate into the pit;
(2) and (3) placing the seeds on the surface of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate, and then watering, covering soil and covering a film.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
the seedling substrate is not subjected to inoculation treatment.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, water and the adhesive, pressing the mixture into a cylinder with the diameter of 10 cm and the height of 5 cm, and pressing a seed groove with the diameter of 2 cm and the depth of 1.5 cm at the center of the top end of the cylinder for placing watermelon seeds;
the use method of the seedling substrate of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit in a sowing land, and putting the soil-borne disease biological control substrate into the pit;
(2) and putting the seeds into the soil-borne disease biological control matrix seed tank, and then watering, earthing and covering with a film.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
the seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
corn flour 33%
33 percent of rice flour
Wheat bran 33%
1% of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The applicant has made field tests on the medium-density fragrant mountains in Ningxia with special watermelon substrates, and the watermelon land is a land block with continuous cropping for 10 years and has serious soil-borne diseases. The watermelon variety is Jincheng No. 5 and Jingxin variety, the test area of each example is 50 mu, the test area of each comparison example is 50 mu, the morbidity and sugar content of the watermelon are counted before picking, the flesh color and meat quality and the quality guarantee period in the traditional frost are detected immediately after picking, and the following data are obtained:
the watermelon of Jincheng No. 5, examples 1-8 has bright red and uniform meat color, brownish black seeds, rich water juice in the watermelon, sweet and delicious taste, compact, tender and crisp pulp and good chewing mouthfeel; the watermelon of comparative examples 1-2 had pink color, brownish seeds, sour and sweet taste, sandy pulp and soft meat.
Jingxin the watermelons of the examples 1-8 are bright red and uniform in meat color, brown and black in seeds, much pulp juice, fresh and tender pulp, compact and sweet, and delicious in meat quality, while the watermelons of the comparative examples 1-2 are sour and sweet, sandy in pulp and soft in meat quality.
From the above detection, it can be known that when the disease-transmitting biological control substrate is used in soil in the environment close to that of Ningxia and the like, the soil-borne diseases of watermelons can be effectively prevented, the fatality rate of the watermelons is greatly reduced, compared with comparative example 1 without adding microorganism control, the fatality rate can be reduced by more than 10%, the sweetness of the watermelons is improved to a certain extent, the flesh color and the flesh quality are both obviously improved, and the quality guarantee period is also prolonged.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A soil-borne disease biological control substrate is characterized in that: the biological control agent is formed by inoculating a soil-borne disease biological control agent to a seedling substrate, wherein the soil-borne disease biological control agent consists of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) B6 and Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) FE 05; the preservation unit of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 is as follows: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), with a preservation number of CCTCCM 2016621; the preservation unit of the bacillus pumilus FE05 is as follows: the effective viable count of the soil-borne disease biocontrol microbial inoculum of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate is more than or equal to 500 ten thousand per gram by China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with the preservation number of CCTCCM 2016624;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
62 to 89 percent of organic fertilizer
10 to 30 percent of water
1-8% of a binder;
wherein the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose and/or attapulgite.
2. The biocontrol substrate for soil borne diseases of claim 1, characterized in that: the number ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B6 to the bacillus pumilus FE05 is 5:1-1: 1.
3. The biocontrol substrate for soil borne diseases of claim 1, characterized in that: the effective viable count of the biological control microbial inoculum for the soil-borne diseases of the biological control substrate for the soil-borne diseases is 500-2 hundred million/g.
4. The biocontrol substrate for soil borne diseases of claim 1, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is at least one of grass peat and animal manure.
5. The biocontrol substrate for soil borne diseases of claim 4, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is composed of grass peat and fermented sheep manure, and the weight ratio of the grass peat to the fermented sheep manure is 1-5: 1.
6. The biocontrol substrate for soil borne diseases of claim 1, characterized in that: the binder consists of hydroxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 5:1-1: 5.
7. The method for producing a biocontrol substrate for soil-borne diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating a bio-control microbial inoculum for soil-borne diseases into an organic fertilizer;
(2) and uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer after inoculation, water and the adhesive, and pressing into a required shape.
8. The method of using a biocontrol substrate for soil borne diseases of claim 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit in a sowing land, and putting the soil-borne disease biological control substrate into the pit;
(2) and (3) placing the seeds on the surface of the soil-borne disease biological control substrate, and then watering, covering soil and covering a film.
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| CN103004884A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-04-03 | 无锡亚克生物科技有限公司 | Biological watermelon seed coating formulation and preparation and applications thereof |
| CN104232509A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-12-24 | 海南万绿宝生物科技有限公司 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial strain Bg-1 and application thereof |
| CN105018385A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-04 | 长江大学 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and application thereof |
| CN106116937A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-16 | 江苏神禾农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy and preparation method thereof and application process |
| CN107162861A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-09-15 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of agricultural organic fertilizer |
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| CN103004884A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-04-03 | 无锡亚克生物科技有限公司 | Biological watermelon seed coating formulation and preparation and applications thereof |
| CN104232509A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-12-24 | 海南万绿宝生物科技有限公司 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial strain Bg-1 and application thereof |
| CN105018385A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-04 | 长江大学 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and application thereof |
| CN106116937A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-16 | 江苏神禾农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy and preparation method thereof and application process |
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