CN103688819A - No-till farming method for inhibiting banana vascular wilt from spreading in banana plantation - Google Patents
No-till farming method for inhibiting banana vascular wilt from spreading in banana plantation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of a banana farming method, and particularly relates to a no-till farming method for inhibiting banana vascular wilt from spreading in a banana plantation. By utilizing the method, the banana vascular wilt can be effectively inhibited from spreading in the banana plantation. The method mainly comprises the steps of: treating a single plant with banana vascular wilt in the banana plantation and carrying out the no-till farming. According to the method, the soil turning in the banana farming process can be furthest reduced, so that the stability of soil in the banana plantation can be maintained, the soil spreading approaches of banana vascular wilt bacteria along with the turning of soil in the banana plantation can be effectively decreased, the incidence probability of the banana vascular wilt in the banana plantation can be lowered, the banana vascular wilt can be effectively inhibited from spreading in the banana plantation; in addition, no-tillage is beneficial to maintaining the soil clustering structure, the soil fertility can be favorably improved, and through the no-till farming, the labor workers for management can be obviously saved, the production cost can be lowered, and the farming benefits can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to banana planting method field, be specifically related to a kind of non-ploughing growing method for white that suppresses banana blight spreading and propagation in banana plantation.
Technical background
Banana belongs to Musaceae (Musaceae) Musa (Musa) plant, is one of fruit that world's fresh fruit volume of trade is maximum, area under cultivation is the widest.Have at present 125 countries and regions and produce banana, some countries and regions bananas therein have huge substitution effect to grain, and united state food and agricultural organization regards as the fourth-largest cereal crops that are only second to after paddy rice, wheat, corn, it is the main food of nearly 500,000,000 populations.Approximately 340,000 hectares of China's banana area under cultivations in 2011, approximately 9,000,000 tons of gross yields, are the fruit that south China output is maximum, banana industry has become the pillar industry in China's hot-zone agricultural.
Banana blight (Fusarium oxyporum f.sp.cubense Snyder & Hansen) claim again banana Panama disease, banana yellowtop, is the crushing soil-borne disease of banana planting.The banana blight germ of having reported in the world has 4 biological strains, wherein No. 1 microspecies infect what (Grosmichel AAA) of the large honey of cultivated species and the fossilia dentis mastodi any of several broadleaf plants (Musa AAB) of banana, No. 2 microspecies only infect Triploid rib banana (Bluggoe AAB) in Central America, No. 3 microspecies infect wild tail any of several broadleaf plants and belong to (Heliconia), No. 4 microspecies infect large honey what, the magnificent any of several broadleaf plants of short life, wild any of several broadleaf plants and rib and refer to any of several broadleaf plants, crushing maximum.
The cardinal symptom of banana blight diseased plant: banana plant lower blade jaundice, vine growth and development is bad, and blade is matt, false stem near-earth portion longitudinal cracking, false stem cross section and vertical section are dissected and are found the false cauline bundle jaundice of diseased plant, variable color, rot, and serious whole strain is withered.Due to germ infringement banana vascular bundles, at present this disease be there is no to treatment good medicine, infected plant cannot rehabilitation.
In banana plantation, find after banana blight disease plant, proof banana blight germ has been infected banana planting Orchard Soil, if now banana plantation miscarriage, banana blight germ can be transmitted to full garden by rapid spread in 1-2, cause the outburst of banana blight disease Quan garden, have a strong impact on the economic benefit of banana planting, even develop into and can not plant banana.
Disease spread mode: banana blight is soil-borne disease, the residual body of diseased plant, band soil bacteria, farming instrument, lesion irrigation water, rainwater, nematode etc. cause closely propagating; The suction bud of disease carrying germ, soil, secondary seedling become long-distance communications mode.
In the step of banana general planting, there is the shortcoming that easily causes that banana blight is propagated at present, the one, in banana plantation, find the plant of banana blight illness, conventional operational processes is excavate diseased plant and destroy, diseased plant disinfecting soil is around buried to processing, there is the operating procedure of stirring soil in this processing mode, has increased plantation workman and instruments of labour and be infected with disease carrying germ soil and the danger to other anosis regions, plantation by banana blight pathogen transmission; The 2nd, while planting new talent after banana results, conventional step is that soil is ploughed deeply, and digs field planting behind cave, and this planting patterns has also increased the danger that propagate in Sclerotium rolfsii Jiao garden; The 3rd, in banana general planting process, part banana garden adopts artificial weeding measure, has increased the danger that banana blight is propagated in garden; The 4th, part banana peasant, in order to increase banana garden economic benefit, interplants other economic crops in banana garden, and soil is stirred in intertillage, has increased the danger that banana blight is propagated; The 5th, part banana peasant is in order to increase banana garden economic benefit, and banana garden inner sleeve is supported economic animal, and animal has increased the danger of propagating banana blight germ in the activity of banana plantation.
The invention solves the problem that existing banana general planting method easily causes that in banana plantation, fusarium wilt is propagated, a kind of non-ploughing growing method for white that suppresses banana blight spreading and propagation in banana plantation is provided.The shortcoming of the propagation banana blight germ that the present invention is directed to banana blight and be the principal character of soil-borne disease and exist in banana general planting step process at present, invented and reduced to greatest extent the implantation methods that in banana planting process, soil stirs, the stability that keeps banana planting Orchard Soil, effectively having reduced banana blight germ stirs with soil route of transmission because of soil at banana garden, reduce banana blight Jiao garden morbidity chance, effectively suppressed banana blight Jiao garden spreading and propagation, while is no-tillage is conducive to maintain soil aggregate, be conducive to improve soil fertility, simultaneously no-tillage can obviously saving managed manually, save production cost, increase planting benefit.
The present invention is only applicable to finding first in healthy banana plantation or banana plantation that the banana blight incidence of disease in banana blight plant or banana plantation is less than 10% plantation, the incidence of disease has been surpassed to 10% banana plantation, do not advised adopting.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is a kind of, and to suppress the method for banana blight non-ploughing growing method for white of spreading and propagation in banana plantation as follows:
1 banana garden fusarium wilt morbidity individual plant is processed
To the banana blight morbidity individual plant occurring in banana garden around within the scope of 2 meters soil execute 5 kilograms of quicklimes, kill part germ spore in soil, then cut down whole strain blade and cover soil under plant completely, shunting rainwater, prevents from being with soil bacteria to be washed away propagation Sclerotium rolfsii by rainwater.At the false stem of diseased plant, overhead use syringe to 50 milliliters of glyphosates of the false stem center injection of diseased plant in 30 cm height places, after 2 weeks, diseased plant is dead, cut down the false stem of upright diseased plant more than ground, be divided into 20 to 30 centimetres of segments, be deposited in a former diseased plant any of several broadleaf plants position, use 2 kilogram of raw lime simultaneously on the residual body heap of diseased plant.Around diseased plant, within the scope of 1.5 meters, with Water-proof plastic film, tightly cover the residual body of real diseased plant and any of several broadleaf plants head, allow it naturally rot, keep banana blight morbidity strain surrounding soil complete, do not take any measure of stirring soil.
2 zero tillage steps
1 stays bud head to make banana gather after, by leaving and taking to inhale under bud plantation, make banana, selection is from the new suction bud of health of maternal plant bulb 30 cm distance, and other not chosen suction buds cut off with reaping hook flush with ground, more vertically insert until destroy its growing point from face with hard thing.
2 clear gardens enter after vegetative growth phase when reserved suction bud, by the complete sliding trackle of the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of banana garden, the rear suction bud flush with ground of sending out cuts off and uses hard thing vertically to insert until destroy its growing point from face, the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of rooting out and suction bud concentrate stacking to allow it rot to decompose in the ranks, become fertilizer and go back to field, reduce damage by disease and insect and occur, behind clear garden, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the 150 full garden sterilization of kilogram of raw lime and sweetening of the soil acidity.
3 water and fertilizer managements and the extermination of disease and insect pest: full garden is carried out sprinkling irrigation hose mode and watered, the method that fertilising adopts full garden liquid manure to execute altogether, fertilizer is dissolved in and joins Fei Chizhong, carry out liquid manure execute altogether by sprinkling irrigation hose system, banana disease pest control routinely way to manage is carried out.
4 heavy dressing fertilizers, inhale bud and enter every strain vegetative growth phase and use 10 kilograms of the farm organic fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and 25 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are used in flower bud differentiation every strain in early stage, apart from 30 centimetres of annular tilings of the false stem of plant.
The 5 full gardens of cultivation management do not dig, it is foster to plant, do not interplant, do not overlap between not, adopt and spray chemical herbicide mode and kill weeds.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in connection with example below
Example one
Banana variety: Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants and wide No. 1 any of several broadleaf plants of powder
Experiment place: Fushan town, Dengmai County, Haikou City, Hainan Province
Cultivated area: 4.5 hectares of the gross areas, wherein Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants is 2.5 hectares, 2.0 hectares, No. 1, wide powder.
The plantation of banana: newly plant in mid-April, 2004, and per hectare is planted 2400 strains, plants and finds first that then banana blight occurs October, and the incidence of disease is 5.5%.Around the banana blight morbidity individual plant occurring in Dui Jiao garden, within the scope of 2 meters, soil is executed 5 kilograms of quicklimes, kill part germ spore in soil, then cut down whole strain blade and cover soil under plant completely, shunting rainwater, prevents from being with soil bacteria to be washed away propagation Sclerotium rolfsii by rainwater.At the false stem of diseased plant, overhead use syringe to 50 milliliters of glyphosates of the false stem center injection of diseased plant in 30 cm height places, after 2 weeks, diseased plant is dead, cut down the false stem of upright diseased plant more than ground, be divided into 20 centimetres of segments, be deposited in a former diseased plant any of several broadleaf plants position, use 2 kilogram of raw lime simultaneously on the residual body heap of diseased plant.Around diseased plant, within the scope of 1.5 meters, with Water-proof plastic film, tightly cover the residual body of real diseased plant and any of several broadleaf plants head, allow it naturally rot, keep banana blight morbidity strain surrounding soil complete, do not take any measure of stirring soil.In March, 2005, all results were complete, adopted and stayed the continuous work of bud non-ploughing growing method for white.After banana is gathered, by leaving and taking to inhale under bud plantation, make banana, select the new suction bud of health from maternal plant bulb 30 cm distance, other not chosen suction buds cut off with reaping hook flush with ground, more vertically insert until destroy its growing point from face with hard thing.When reserved suction bud enters after vegetative growth phase, by the complete sliding trackle of the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of banana garden, the rear suction bud flush with ground of sending out cuts off and destroys growing point, the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of rooting out and suction bud are concentrated to stack in the ranks and are decomposed voluntarily, become fertilizer and go back to field, reducing damage by disease and insect occurs, behind clear garden, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the 150 full garden sterilization of kilogram of raw lime and sweetening of the soil acidity, full garden is carried out sprinkling irrigation hose mode and is watered, the method that fertilising adopts full garden liquid manure to execute altogether, fertilizer is dissolved in and joins Fei Chizhong, by sprinkling irrigation hose system, carrying out liquid manure executes altogether, inhaling bud enters every strain vegetative growth phase and uses 10 kilograms of the farm organic fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, 25 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are used in flower bud differentiation every strain in early stage, apart from 30 centimetres of annular tilings of the false stem of plant, banana disease pest control routinely way to manage is carried out.Full garden do not dig, plants, do not interplant, do not overlap foster, employing chemical agent weeding between not.By above method, process morbidity individual plant and non-ploughing growing method for white, within 2005, stay bud zero tillage First Year, the banana blight incidence of disease is 6.8%, within 2006, stay bud zero tillage Second Year, the banana blight incidence of disease 3.3%, 2007-2011 stays that bud is continuous makes the banana blight incidence of disease all lower than 2%, and zero tillage is 7 years altogether, within the 8th year, because of banana, inhales bud and stays the higher bud zero tillage of having abandoned continuing to stay of basseting of the irregular and banana any of several broadleaf plants head of bud.
Example two
Banana variety: Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants and Williams any of several broadleaf plants
Experiment place: end of the bridge town, Dengmai County, Haikou City, Hainan Province
Cultivated area: 2.5 hectares, wherein Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants is 1.5 hectares, 1.0 hectares of Williams any of several broadleaf plants.
Banana planting and management: in June, 2005 plantation, per hectare is planted 2700 strains, and in October, 2005, the banana blight incidence of disease was 7.1%.Around the banana blight morbidity individual plant occurring in Dui Jiao garden, within the scope of 2 meters, soil is executed 5 kilograms of quicklimes, kill part germ spore in soil, then cut down whole strain blade and cover soil under plant completely, shunting rainwater, prevents from being with soil bacteria to be washed away propagation Sclerotium rolfsii by rainwater.At the false stem of diseased plant, overhead use syringe to 50 milliliters of glyphosates of the false stem center injection of diseased plant in 30 cm height places, after 2 weeks, diseased plant is dead, cut down the false stem of upright diseased plant more than ground, be divided into 30 centimetres of segments, be deposited in a former diseased plant any of several broadleaf plants position, use 2 kilogram of raw lime simultaneously on the residual body heap of diseased plant.Around diseased plant, within the scope of 1.5 meters, with Water-proof plastic film, tightly cover the residual body of real diseased plant and any of several broadleaf plants head, allow it naturally rot, keep banana blight morbidity strain surrounding soil complete, do not take any measure of stirring soil.In May, 2006, all results were complete, adopted and stayed the continuous work of bud non-ploughing growing method for white.After banana is gathered, by leaving and taking to inhale under bud plantation, make banana, select the new suction bud of health from maternal plant bulb 30 cm distance, other not chosen suction buds cut off with reaping hook flush with ground, more vertically insert until destroy its growing point from face with hard thing.When reserved suction bud enters after vegetative growth phase, by the complete sliding trackle of the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of banana garden, the rear suction bud flush with ground of sending out cuts off and destroys growing point, the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of rooting out and suction bud are concentrated to stack and are in the ranks rotted to decompose, become fertilizer and go back to field, reducing damage by disease and insect occurs, behind clear garden, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the 150 full garden sterilization of kilogram of raw lime and sweetening of the soil acidity, full garden is carried out sprinkling irrigation hose mode and is watered, the method that fertilising adopts full garden liquid manure to execute altogether, fertilizer is dissolved in and joins Fei Chizhong, by sprinkling irrigation hose system, carrying out liquid manure executes altogether, inhaling bud enters every strain vegetative growth phase and uses 10 kilograms of the farm organic fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, 25 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are used in flower bud differentiation every strain in early stage, apart from 30 centimetres of annular tilings of the false stem of plant, banana disease pest control routinely way to manage is carried out.Full garden do not dig, plants, do not interplant, do not overlap foster, employing chemical agent weeding between not.By above method, process morbidity individual plant and non-ploughing growing method for white, within 2006, stay bud zero tillage First Year, the banana blight incidence of disease is 5.3%, within 2007, stay bud zero tillage Second Year, the banana blight incidence of disease 3.4%, within 2008, stay bud zero tillage the 3rd year, the banana blight incidence of disease 3.7%, within 2009, stay bud zero tillage the 4th year, the banana blight incidence of disease 2.8%, within 2010, stay bud zero tillage the 5th year, the banana blight incidence of disease 3.3%, within 2011, stay bud zero tillage the 6th year, the banana blight incidence of disease 4.3%, within 2012, stay bud zero tillage the 7th year, the banana blight incidence of disease 3.5%, stay bud zero tillage the 8th year in September, 2013, to in December, the 2013 banana blight incidence of disease 0.9%, stay continuously bud zero tillage 8 years, keep the low incidence of disease of banana blight.
Claims (1)
1. a non-ploughing growing method for white that suppresses banana blight spreading and propagation in banana plantation, its feature comprises the following steps:
1) banana garden fusarium wilt morbidity individual plant is processed
To the banana blight morbidity individual plant occurring in banana garden around within the scope of 2 meters soil execute 5 kilograms of quicklimes, kill part germ spore in soil, then cut down whole strain blade and cover soil under plant completely, shunting rainwater, prevent from being with soil bacteria to be washed away propagation Sclerotium rolfsii by rainwater, at the false stem of diseased plant, overhead use syringe to 50 milliliters of glyphosates of the false stem center injection of diseased plant in 30 cm height places, after 2 weeks, cut down the false stem of upright diseased plant more than ground, be divided into 20 to 30 centimetres of segments, be deposited in a former diseased plant any of several broadleaf plants position, use 2 kilogram of raw lime on the residual body heap of diseased plant simultaneously, around diseased plant, within the scope of 1.5 meters, with Water-proof plastic film, tightly cover the residual body of real diseased plant and any of several broadleaf plants head, allow it naturally rot, keep banana blight morbidity strain surrounding soil complete, do not take any measure of stirring soil,
2) zero tillage step
1. after head is made banana and gathered, by leaving and taking to inhale under bud plantation, make banana, select the new suction bud of health from maternal plant bulb 30 cm distance, chosen other are not inhaled buds and are cut off with reaping hook flush with ground, more vertically insert until destroy its growing point from face with hard thing;
2. when reserved suction bud enters after vegetative growth phase, by the complete sliding trackle of the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of banana garden, the rear suction bud flush with ground of sending out cuts off and uses hard thing vertically to insert until destroy its growing point from face, the old any of several broadleaf plants bar of rooting out and suction bud concentrate stacking to allow it rot to decompose in the ranks, become fertilizer and go back to field, reduce damage by disease and insect and occur, behind clear garden, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the 150 full garden sterilization of kilogram of raw lime and sweetening of the soil acidity;
③Quan garden is carried out sprinkling irrigation hose mode and is watered, and the method that fertilising adopts full garden liquid manure to execute altogether, is dissolved in fertilizer to join Fei Chizhong, carries out liquid manure execute altogether by sprinkling irrigation hose system, and banana disease pest control routinely way to manage is carried out;
4. heavy dressing fertilizer, inhales bud and enters every strain vegetative growth phase and use 10 kilograms of the farm organic fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and 25 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are used in flower bud differentiation every strain in early stage, apart from 30 centimetres of annular tilings of the false stem of plant;
⑤Quan does not dig in garden, plants between not, does not interplant, and does not overlap fosterly, adopts and sprays chemical herbicide mode and kill weeds.
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| CN104396539A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 东莞市香蕉蔬菜研究所 | Ecological prevention and cultivation method for preventing and controlling banana wilt through banana-sugarcane rotation |
| CN104623705A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-20 | 南京师范大学 | Quick sterilization method of banana wilt soil-borne pathogenic bacteria |
| CN104904553A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Method of paddy field dwarf banana cultivation |
| CN104969803A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | Cultivation method for preventing banana vasicular wilt from spreading among plantations |
| CN104982285A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for rapid propagation of banana seedlings based on suckers |
| CN104982208A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-21 | 王振华 | Separated type banana planting method |
| CN105123377A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 王振华 | Banana planting method for restraining blight from spreading |
| CN105993782A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for anti-wilt banana variety |
| CN106613244A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Method for eliminating wilt disease strain in banana garden subjected to incipient disease at high temperature |
| CN106718530A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 广西岩星农业有限公司 | It is a kind of to suppress the interplanting method that banana yellowtop is propagated |
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| CN110915396A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-03-27 | 广西金穗农业集团有限公司 | Fertilizing method of blight-resistant banana fertilizer |
| CN111097780A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for treating banana wilt plants |
| CN111837769A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas |
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| CN105993782B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-04-30 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | The high yield and quality cultivation method of anti-blight banana kind |
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| CN106852250A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-06-16 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient cultivation method of the improved soil acidity Tree Precise Fertilization with sleeving intercropping Synthetical prevention banana blight |
| CN106613244A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Method for eliminating wilt disease strain in banana garden subjected to incipient disease at high temperature |
| CN110915396A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-03-27 | 广西金穗农业集团有限公司 | Fertilizing method of blight-resistant banana fertilizer |
| CN111097780A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for treating banana wilt plants |
| CN111837769A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas |
| CN111837769B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-07-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Disease plant management method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas and cultivation method for bananas for comprehensively preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of bananas |
| CN112544358A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for reducing morbidity of first-generation tissue culture seedlings of blight-resistant banana varieties |
| CN113854061A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-31 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for selecting fruiting plants by directional low-position secondary bud-remaining of bananas |
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