CN114982565A - Management method of newly planted banana orchard - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a management method of a newly planted banana garden, which comprises the following steps: (1) alternate intercropping: cleaning old seedlings and suckling buds of the severe banana garden, and turning to low dwarf vine plants in the severe banana garden for at least 2 years; (2) detecting pathogenic bacteria; (3) seedling culture: selecting disease-resistant variety, and applying Bacillus subtilis for 1-4 times in the seedling raising process, wherein each time is 0.1-1 g/strain; (4) planting: planting plants, and intercropping short vines from the juvenile period of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation period; soil conditioning is carried out, 3-8g of bacillus subtilis is additionally applied to each mu, and the bacillus subtilis is applied by sprinkling for 3-5 times per year; (5) disease and pest control and daily management. The management method of the newly planted canna orchard can be used for planting the dwarf sprawl plants in the rotation and intercropping of the seriously diseased regions, so that the germ content in the soil is reduced. The beneficial microbial community is improved by applying the antagonistic bacteria, sufficient moisture and nutrition are ensured, and healthy plants are cultured. The yield and income of the banana garden are increased.

Description

Management method of newly planted banana orchard

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of banana planting, in particular to a management method of a newly planted banana garden.

Background

Banana belongs to tropical climate crops, and is limited by factors such as climate, and China is only suitable for planting in Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other provinces. However, the pathogen of banana wilt can survive in the soil for 30 years, the affected banana garden is not suitable for planting bananas continuously, new uninfected land needs to be searched for planting bananas, and the area of planting bananas in China is reduced year by year. At present, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan and the like in China are harmed by banana wilt and are stricken destructively, and it is estimated that at least 160 ten thousand acres of 3 provinces are infected by the banana wilt, Guangxi and Yunnan are influenced by the banana wilt at present, and the planting area is also reduced rapidly. At present, suitable areas and clean land for newly planting bananas are less and less, and the banana turning in a seriously ill banana garden becomes a necessary choice for the banana planting industry in China.

The banana wilt has been discovered in 1896 for more than 120 years, and researchers at home and abroad carry out deep research on the germ detection, pathogenic mechanism and harm characteristics of the disease, and carry out prevention and treatment research on methods and measures such as disease-resistant variety breeding, medicament prevention and treatment, antagonistic bacteria and the like, thereby obtaining greater results. However, the existing prevention and control measures have certain limitations, the disease-resistant variety is not matched with the matched cultivation technology, and the incidence of newly planted bananas in a seriously-diseased banana garden is still high.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a management method of a newly planted banana garden, so as to overcome the defect that the existing management method has poor effect on preventing and treating banana wilt.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a management method of a newly planted banana garden, which comprises the following steps:

(1) alternate intercropping: cleaning up the old seedlings and the suckers in the severe banana garden, and turning to low dwarf vines in the severe banana garden for at least 2 years;

(2) and (3) germ detection: after crop rotation and fallow, detecting the content of blight germs in the soil, reducing the content of germs in the soil to about 1000cfu/g, and planting disease-resistant varieties when the content of germs reaches below the tolerance limit of the disease-resistant varieties;

(3) seedling culture: selecting disease-resistant variety, spraying Bacillus subtilis for 1-4 times in the seedling process, wherein each time is 0.1-1 g/strain;

(4) planting: planting plants, and intercropping dwarf sprawl plants from the juvenile period of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation period; soil conditioning is carried out, 3-8g of bacillus subtilis is additionally applied to each mu, and the bacillus subtilis is applied by sprinkling for 3-5 times per year;

(5) disease and pest control and daily management.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the short vine plants used in rotation intercropping include one or more of white gourd, pumpkin and sweet potato.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the disease-resistant variety in step (3) is selected from one or more of banana of Baodian or Banana No. 9.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the seedling raising in the step (3) is to place qualified first-level banana seedlings in a soilless substrate for second-level seedling breeding, wherein the soilless substrate mainly comprises coconut coir and organic fertilizer.

Preferably, in the technical scheme, after the soil is conditioned in the step (4), the organic matter is more than 3%, and the pH value is 6.3-6.7; when the soil with low organic matter content and acid soil is treated by applying 4-7.5kg of alkaline organic fertilizer per plant every year,

preferably, in the above technical solution, the disease and insect prevention and control includes:

(1) 2-7 g/strain of fosthiazate is used for drip irrigation to prevent and control nematodes;

(2) the root irrigation is carried out by using 300-fold and 500-fold aqueous solution of kasugamycin to prevent and control bacterial soft rot.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the daily management includes seedling strengthening and root protecting, including:

(1) implementing a soil testing formula and a fertilizer requirement rule for banana growth to formulate a fertilizer application scheme;

(2) providing moisture for the bananas according to the moisture requirements of the bananas;

(3) the soil moving frequency is reduced, and the damage to the root system is reduced;

(4) the root system of the bulb part is covered during ridging, so that the root system is prevented from being exposed.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the daily management further includes tool management, and the tool management includes:

(1) a special tool is needed when the diseased plants and the peripheral plants are managed, the tool cannot be used to other places after being used, and the tool is specially used for the diseased regions;

(2) tools used in banana plantations need to be sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.5% and then used.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the daily management further includes water supply management, the water supply management is irrigation using underground water or an upstream water source without blight germs, and the irrigation uses drip irrigation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the management method of the newly planted canna orchard adopts a rotation, intercropping or fallow method, low-bush vine plants are planted in rotation and intercropping in a serious disease area, the content of germs in soil is reduced, and then resistant and disease-resistant varieties are planted. Beneficial microbial communities are improved by applying antagonistic bacteria, banana plant diseases and insect pests, particularly nematodes and the like are prevented and controlled, sufficient moisture and nutrition are ensured, healthy plants are cultured, and a good environment suitable for growth of bananas is formed. The yield and income of the banana garden are increased.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to specific examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Test site

And (3) constructing a Huaqiao investment area Xinqingcun in the Wuming area of Guangxi Nanning city in the selected newly-planted serious disease area, selecting a banana garden with the incidence rate of banana wilt disease of 24.6%, deeply loosening and ridging the planting land and digging a drainage ditch according to a conventional method, wherein the planting time of bananas is 8-25 days in 2020, and the planting cup seedlings are 7-8 leaf seedlings of Banana and the like. Planting according to a conventional method, wherein the planting density is 135 plants/mu. The planting field is divided into 4 areas, each area is 2 mu, the planting is carried out according to the following method, and the rest parts which are not stated are managed according to the conventional method.

Example 1

The method for planting plantain in area 1 in the embodiment is a method for managing newly planted plantain orchard, and comprises the following steps:

(1) crop rotation intercropping: the method of crop rotation, fallow and the like can effectively reduce the content of blight bacteria in soil, and the content of the bacteria in the soil can be reduced to about 1000cfu/g when the low bush vine plants such as wax gourd and pumpkin need to be crop rotation in a serious disease area for 2 years. In the rotation or fallow process, the buds of the old seedlings need to be removed completely, and the growth and propagation of blight germs are avoided. During the period from the juvenile stage of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation, dwarf vine plants such as wax gourd and pumpkin can be intercropped, the microbial content of the soil is improved, and the water content of the soil is kept.

(2) And (3) germ detection: after crop rotation and fallow, detecting the content of blight bacteria in the soil, reducing the content of the blight bacteria in the soil to about 1000cfu/g, and planting disease-resistant varieties when the content of the blight bacteria reaches below the tolerance limit of the disease-resistant varieties.

(3) Variety selection: and selecting a suitable disease-resistant variety from the aspects of germ detection results of root soil, tolerance, growth period, yield, quality and the like of different varieties, and planting the plantain in.

(4) Seedling culture: establishing a seedling raising field in a banana garden, purchasing qualified first-level banana seedlings from regular seedling enterprises, and performing second-level seedling breeding by using a clean soilless substrate, wherein the soilless substrate mainly comprises coconut coir and an organic fertilizer which are mixed in a volume ratio of 20: 1. The antagonistic bacteria can be used in the process of seedling culture, such as spraying Bacillus subtilis for 1-3 times in the breeding process, each time 0.5-1 g/strain. The rest is the same as management and conventional seedling breeding. If the disease-free healthy second-grade seedlings produced by regular enterprises exist, the seedlings can be directly used.

(5) Planting: planting banana plants, and intercropping dwarf sprawl plants from the juvenile period of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation period. For example, intercropping the dwarf vine plants such as white gourd and pumpkin, improves the microbial content of the soil and maintains the water content of the soil.

(6) Soil conditioning: the soil organic matter suitable for bananas is more than 3 percent, the pH value is about 6.5, and the organic matter and the pH value of the soil are adjusted to be suitable values. The organic fertilizer is applied to the acid soil with low organic matter content, 4-7.5kg of the organic fertilizer per plant of the alkaline organic fertilizer is applied every year, and the soil is improved year by year.

(7) Adding antagonistic bacteria: the prevention is well done in advance, 3-8g of bacillus subtilis is applied to each mu, and the bacillus subtilis is applied by drenching for 3-5 times per year, so that the beneficial microbial community of the soil is enriched.

(8) Disease and pest prevention and control: the nematode is one of the important ways for accelerating the plant infection, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests such as the nematode and the bacterial soft rot need to be done in advance, 2-4g of fosthiazate is used for each plant to drip irrigation for preventing and controlling the nematode, 400 times of water solution of kasugamycin is used for root irrigation for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot, and the robust banana plants are cultured.

(9) And daily management, including strong seedling and root protection management, tool management, water supply management, conventional management and the like.

The management of strong seedlings and root protection comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) implementing a soil testing formula and a fertilizer requirement rule for banana growth to formulate a fertilizer application scheme so as to ensure the stable supply of nutrient elements for banana growth. (2) According to the water demand of bananas, the water supply of the bananas is guaranteed, the damage of root systems caused by drought is avoided, and the disease resistance of plants is reduced. (3) Reduce the soil moving frequency, reduce the damage of the root system, promote the growth of the root system and cultivate the robust banana plants. (4) The root system is protected, the root system at the bulb part is covered during ridging, the growth and nutrition absorption of the root system are promoted, and the root system is prevented from being exposed.

Water supply management: the water source with bacteria is one of important ways for spreading blight, the water source used in the banana garden needs to be clean, underground water and qualified upstream water source without germ pollution are used for irrigation, and a dropper system is used for irrigation.

Tool management: each manager needs to use a special tool when managing the diseased plants and the peripheral plants, the tool cannot be used to other places after being used, and the tool is specially used for the diseased region. Tools used in the banana garden need to be sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% and then used.

And (3) conventional management: other farming operations were performed according to quality banana management regulations.

Example 2

The method for planting plantain in area 2 in the embodiment is a method for managing newly planted plantain orchard, and comprises the following steps:

(1) alternate intercropping: the rotation and fallow methods can effectively reduce the content of blight bacteria in soil, low-bush vine plants such as wax gourd and pumpkin need to be rotated for 2 years in a seriously ill area, the plants are in a fallow state in the third year, and bananas are planted after fallow. The content of pathogenic bacteria in the soil can be reduced to about 1000 cfu/g. In the rotation or fallow process, the buds of the old seedlings need to be removed completely, and the growth and propagation of blight germs are avoided. In the period from the juvenile stage of disease-resistant variety to flower bud differentiation, dwarf vine plants such as wax gourd and pumpkin can be intercropped, the microbial content of soil is improved, and the soil moisture is maintained.

(2) And (3) germ detection: after crop rotation and fallow, the content of blight germs in the soil is detected, the content of germs in the soil is reduced to about 1000cfu/g, and disease-resistant varieties can be planted when the content of germs reaches below the tolerance limit of the disease-resistant varieties.

(3) Variety selection: and selecting a suitable disease-resistant variety from the aspects of germ detection results of root soil, tolerance, growth period, yield, quality and the like of different varieties, and planting the plantain in.

(4) Seedling culture: establishing a seedling raising field in a banana garden, purchasing qualified first-level banana seedlings from regular seedling enterprises, and performing second-level seedling breeding by using a clean soilless substrate, wherein the soilless substrate mainly comprises coconut coir and an organic fertilizer which are mixed in a volume ratio of 20: 1. The antagonistic bacteria can be used in the process of seedling culture, such as spraying Bacillus subtilis for 1-3 times in the breeding process, each time 0.1-0.5 g/strain. The rest is the same as management and conventional seedling breeding. If the disease-free healthy second-grade seedlings produced by regular enterprises exist, the seedlings can be directly used.

(5) Planting: planting banana plants, and intercropping short vines from the juvenile period of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation period. For example, intercropping the dwarf vine plants such as white gourd and pumpkin, improves the microbial content of the soil and maintains the water content of the soil.

(6) Soil conditioning: the soil organic matter suitable for bananas is more than 3%, the pH value is about 6.5, and the organic matter and the pH value of the soil are adjusted to be suitable values. The organic fertilizer is applied to the acid soil with low organic matter content, 4-7.5kg of organic fertilizer per plant of alkaline organic fertilizer is applied every year, and the soil is improved year by year.

(7) Increasing antagonistic bacteria: the prevention is well done in advance, 3-8g of bacillus subtilis is applied to each mu, and the bacillus subtilis is applied by drenching for 3-5 times per year, so that the beneficial microbial community of the soil is enriched.

(8) Disease and pest prevention and control: the nematode is one of the important ways for accelerating the plant infection, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests such as the nematode and the bacterial soft rot need to be done in advance, 4-7g of fosthiazate is used for each plant to drip irrigation for preventing and controlling the nematode, 300 times of aqueous solution of kasugamycin is used for root irrigation for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot, and the robust banana plants are cultured.

(9) And daily management, including strong seedling and root protection management, tool management, water supply management, conventional management and the like.

The management of strong seedlings and root protection comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) implementing a soil testing formula and a fertilizer requirement rule for banana growth to formulate a fertilizer application scheme so as to ensure the stable supply of nutrient elements for banana growth. (2) According to the water demand of bananas, the water supply of the bananas is guaranteed, the damage of root systems caused by drought is avoided, and the disease resistance of plants is reduced. (3) Reduce the soil moving frequency, reduce the damage of the root system, promote the growth of the root system and cultivate the robust banana plants. (4) The root system is protected, the root system at the bulb part is covered during ridging, the growth and nutrition absorption of the root system are promoted, and the root system is prevented from being exposed.

Water supply management: the water source with bacteria is one of important ways for spreading blight, the water source used in the banana garden needs to be clean, underground water and qualified upstream water source without germ pollution are used for irrigation, and a dropper system is used for irrigation.

Tool management: each manager needs to use a special tool when managing the diseased plants and the peripheral plants, the tool cannot be used to other places after being used, and the tool is specially used for the diseased region. Tools used in the banana garden need to be sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% and then used.

And (3) conventional management: other farming operations are operated according to the high-quality banana management regulations.

Comparative example 1

The area 3 of this embodiment is used for planting plantain, a management method for newly planted plantain orchard, comprising the following steps:

(1) crop rotation intercropping: the method of crop rotation, fallow and the like can effectively reduce the content of blight bacteria in soil, and the content of the bacteria in the soil can be reduced to about 1000cfu/g when the low bush vine plants such as wax gourd and pumpkin need to be crop rotation in a serious disease area for 2 years. In the crop rotation or fallow process, the buds of old seedlings need to be removed completely, and the growth and propagation of blight germs are avoided. During the period from the juvenile stage of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation, dwarf vine plants such as wax gourd and pumpkin can be intercropped, the microbial content of the soil is improved, and the water content of the soil is kept.

(2) And (3) germ detection: after crop rotation and fallow, the content of blight germs in the soil is detected, the content of germs in the soil is reduced to about 1000cfu/g, and disease-resistant varieties can be planted when the content of germs reaches below the tolerance limit of the disease-resistant varieties.

(3) Variety selection: and selecting a suitable disease-resistant variety from the aspects of germ detection results of root soil, tolerance, growth period, yield, quality and the like of different varieties, and planting the plantain in.

(4) Seedling culture: establishing a seedling raising field in a banana garden, purchasing qualified first-level banana seedlings from regular seedling enterprises, and performing second-level seedling breeding by using a clean soilless substrate, wherein the soilless substrate mainly comprises coconut coir and an organic fertilizer which are mixed in a volume ratio of 20: 1. The antagonistic bacteria can be used in the process of seedling culture, such as spraying Bacillus subtilis for 2-3 times in the breeding process, each time 0.1-1 g/strain. The rest is the same as management and conventional seedling breeding. If the disease-free healthy second-grade seedlings produced by regular enterprises exist, the seedlings can be directly used.

(5) Planting: planting banana plants, and intercropping dwarf sprawl plants from the juvenile period of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation period. For example, intercropping the dwarf vine plants such as white gourd and pumpkin, improves the microbial content of the soil and maintains the water content of the soil.

(6) And (4) performing daily management by adopting the conventional management rules of the banana plantation.

Statistics of planting effect

The blank group is an area 4, 7-8 leaf-shaped Bao island banana seedlings are directly planted in the disease area of the test land in 8 months in 2020, the planting density is 135 plants/mu, and management is carried out by adopting the conventional management regulations of banana plantations.

The incidence rates in 4 banana plantations managed by the management methods of the example 1-2, the comparative example 1 and the blank group newly planted banana plantations are counted respectively, and the statistical results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Banana orchard Banana wilt incidence in Each region

	Example 1	Example 2	Comparative example 1	Blank group
					Incidence of disease	5.0％	4.2％	12.1％	18.8％

As shown in Table 1, the management method of the newly planted banana orchard provided by the invention can effectively prevent banana wilt by applying a disease-resistant variety and a matched comprehensive prevention and control technology, can also effectively limit the development and propagation of banana wilt, avoids the infected banana orchard from being degenerated into a abandoned banana grower, and ensures the economic benefit of the banana grower.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A management method for newly planted banana plantations is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) alternate intercropping: cleaning old seedlings and suckling buds of the severe banana garden, and turning to low dwarf vine plants in the severe banana garden for at least 2 years;

(2) and (3) germ detection: after crop rotation and fallow, detecting the content of blight pathogenic bacteria in soil, and planting disease-resistant varieties when the content of the pathogenic bacteria reaches below the tolerance limit of the disease-resistant varieties;

(3) seedling culture: selecting disease-resistant variety, and applying Bacillus subtilis for 1-4 times in the seedling raising process, wherein each time is 0.1-1 g/strain;

(4) planting: planting plants, and intercropping dwarf sprawl plants from the juvenile period of the disease-resistant variety to the flower bud differentiation period; soil conditioning is carried out, 3-8g of bacillus subtilis is additionally applied to each mu, and the bacillus subtilis is applied by sprinkling for 3-5 times per year;

(5) disease and pest control and daily management.

2. The method for managing a newly planted banana garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low dwarf vine plants which are intercropped in rotation comprise one or more of white gourd, pumpkin and sweet potato.

3. The method for managing the newly planted banana garden according to claim 1, wherein the disease-resistant variety in the step (3) is selected from one or more of banana plantain or banana 9.

4. The management method of newly planted banana orchard of claim 1, wherein the raising of the seedlings in step (3) is to place qualified first-class banana seedlings in a soilless substrate for second-class seedling breeding, wherein the soilless substrate mainly comprises coconut coir and organic fertilizer.

5. The management method for newly planted banana plantations according to claim 1 wherein after the soil conditioning in step (4), the organic matter is above 3% and the pH value is 6.3-6.7; when the soil is low in organic matter content and acidic, 4-7.5kg of alkaline organic fertilizer per plant is applied every year for soil conditioning.

6. The method for managing a newly planted plantain orchard according to claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises:

(1) 2-7 g/strain of fosthiazate is used for drip irrigation to prevent and control nematodes;

(2) the 300-fold aqueous solution of kasugamycin is used for irrigating roots to prevent and control bacterial soft rot.

7. The management method for newly planted banana orchard of claim 1 wherein the daily management includes seedling and root strengthening, comprising:

(1) a soil testing formula and a banana growth fertilizer requirement rule are implemented to formulate a fertilizer application scheme;

(2) providing moisture for the bananas according to the moisture requirements of the bananas;

(3) the soil moving frequency is reduced, and the damage to the root system is reduced;

(4) the root system of the bulb part is covered during ridging, so that the root system is prevented from being exposed.

8. The method for managing a newly planted banana garden as claimed in claim 1 wherein the daily management further includes tool management including:

(1) a special tool is needed when the diseased plant and the peripheral plant are managed, the tool cannot be used to other places after being used, and the tool is specially used for the diseased region;

(2) tools used in banana plantations need to be sterilized by potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.5% and then used.

9. The method of managing a newly planted banana garden as claimed in claim 1 wherein the daily management further includes water supply management, the water supply management being irrigation using ground water or an upstream water source without blight germs, the irrigation using drip irrigation.