CN111512912A - Cultivation method for reducing incidence of bacterial leaf blight of rice - Google Patents
Cultivation method for reducing incidence of bacterial leaf blight of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN111512912A CN111512912A CN202010474815.9A CN202010474815A CN111512912A CN 111512912 A CN111512912 A CN 111512912A CN 202010474815 A CN202010474815 A CN 202010474815A CN 111512912 A CN111512912 A CN 111512912A
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- fertilizer
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- selenium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial leaf blight of rice, and the method discovers that the selenium fertilizer is sprayed in the tillering stage and/or the booting stage, so that the disease resistance of the rice is improved, the disease index of the bacterial leaf blight of the rice is reduced, and the method has an obvious effect of preventing and treating the bacterial leaf blight of the rice. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and beneficial to popularization and use. The invention further discovers that the selenium fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer are used in a matching way, so that the control effect on the bacterial leaf blight of rice is optimal, and the disease index can be reduced to the lowest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial leaf blight of rice.
Background
The bacterial leaf blight of rice is a disease caused by xanthomonas oryzae Xoo of rice, pathogenic bacteria invade rice tissues through pores or wounds and proliferate in vascular bundles, a large amount of bacteria grow and generate extracellular polysaccharide to block the vascular bundles, so that dark brown or white disease spots are generated on leaves, and the whole plant is infected by the pathogenic bacteria at the later stage of disease occurrence and becomes grey white. The bacterial leaf blight of rice is a main bacterial disease of rice, is one of three diseases in rice production in China, mainly occurs in the middle and later stages of rice production, and can cause the yield reduction of the rice by more than 20 percent after the disease occurs. At present, the prevention and treatment are mainly carried out by a chemical method, but the prevention and treatment effect of chemical drugs is limited because the chemical method is a vascular bundle disease, and the chemical method is easy to cause environmental damage. The other method is to culture a new disease-resistant variety, but the method has higher difficulty, and related researches have appeared at present, but the effect is not ideal. The reduction of the incidence of bacterial leaf blight through a rice cultivation method is another important research direction, and the method is generally environment-friendly, but the currently known method cannot achieve a good effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for reducing the incidence rate of bacterial leaf blight of rice.
The scheme of the invention comprises the following aspects:
a cultivation method for reducing the incidence rate of bacterial leaf blight of rice comprises the following steps: besides nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the selenium fertilizer is also sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the tillering stage and/or booting stage.
Preferably, when the base fertilizer is applied, silicon fertilizer is also applied.
More preferably, as SiO2The fertilizing amount of the silicon fertilizer is at least 3 kg/mu.
Preferably, as Na2SeO3And the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is at least 45 g/mu.
Preferably, the ratio of the selenium fertilizer application amount in the tillering stage and the booting stage is (6-7) to (3-4).
More preferably, the ratio of the selenium fertilizer application amount in the tillering stage and the booting stage is 6: 4.
Preferably, the cultivation method for reducing the incidence rate of the bacterial blight of the rice comprises the following steps:
(1) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: nitrogen fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu calculated by pure nitrogen and P2O54-5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer is counted by K2O, measuring the total fertilizing amount of 10-12 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; the fertilizer is used in different periods, wherein the ratio of the fertilizer application amount is base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: and (4) flower protecting fertilizer (40-50): (20-25): (15-20): (10-20); the base fertilizer is applied in farmland, and when the base fertilizer is applied, the silicon fertilizer is also applied according to SiO2The fertilizing amount of the silicon fertilizer is at least 3 kg/mu(ii) a Spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage and booting stage, and adding Na2SeO3The fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is at least 45 g/mu, and the ratio of the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the tillering stage to the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the booting stage is (6-7) to (3-4);
(2) the seedling transplanting density is 14-16 holes/square meter, the row spacing of each plant is 25-27 cm, and 1-2 plants are planted in each hole;
(3) the field water depth in the green turning period is 1/2-2/3 of the seedling height; applying tillering fertilizer and irrigating intermittently after tillering period; after entering the booting stage, applying spike fertilizer and irrigating intermittently; after heading, applying a flower protecting fertilizer, and keeping a 3-3.5 cm shallow water layer; and after the fructification period, irrigating intermittently.
More preferably, the ratio of the fertilizing amount is that of the base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: the flower protecting fertilizer is 50: 20: 20: 10.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention finds that the selenium fertilizer application in the tillering stage and the booting stage is beneficial to improving the disease resistance of the rice, reducing the disease index of the bacterial leaf blight of the rice and playing an obvious effect of preventing and treating the bacterial leaf blight of the rice. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and beneficial to popularization and use.
The invention further discovers that the selenium fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer are used in a matching way, so that the control effect on the bacterial leaf blight of rice is optimal, and the disease index can be reduced to the lowest.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for reducing the incidence rate of bacterial leaf blight of rice comprises the following steps:
(1) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: nitrogen fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu calculated by pure nitrogen and P2O54-5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer is counted by K2O, measuring the total fertilizing amount of 10-12 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; the fertilizer is used in different periods, wherein the fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers in percentage by mass: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: the flower protecting fertilizer is 40: 25: 15: 20; the base fertilizer is applied in the farmland; spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage and booting stage, and adding Na2SeO3Selenium fertilizerThe fertilizing amount of the fertilizer is 60 g/mu, and the ratio of the selenium fertilizing amount to the selenium fertilizing amount in the tillering stage and the booting stage is 7: 3;
(2) carrying out chemical weeding 3 days before the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the transplanting density is 14-16 holes/square meter, the row spacing of the seedlings is 25-27 cm, each hole of a multi-tillering seedling is used for inserting a single plant, and a hole of a few-tillering seedling is used for inserting double plants;
(3) in the green turning period, the field water depth is 1/2-2/3 of the seedling height, and the seedlings are protected by water to accelerate green turning; after the tillering stage, early applying tillering fertilizer, and irrigating intermittently (namely keeping a water layer for 2-3 cm, naturally drying the tillering fertilizer after water is poured into a tank, and irrigating the tillering fertilizer after 2-3 days of wetting, wherein the steps are alternately carried out); after the booting period, applying spike fertilizer early, and irrigating intermittently (namely keeping a 3-3.5 cm shallow water layer, naturally drying the water layer after water is poured into a tank, and irrigating the water layer after 2-3 days of wetting, wherein the steps are performed alternately); after heading, applying a flower protecting fertilizer, and keeping a 3-3.5 cm shallow water layer; and after the maturing period, intermittently irrigating (keeping the water layer for 2-3 cm, naturally drying the rice after water is poured into a tank, irrigating the rice after 2-3 days of wetting, and repeating the steps until the rice is mature). Scientifically preventing and treating other diseases and insect pests during the growth period of the rice.
Example 2
A cultivation method for reducing the incidence rate of bacterial leaf blight of rice comprises the following steps:
(1) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: nitrogen fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu calculated by pure nitrogen and P2O54-5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer is counted by K2O, measuring the total fertilizing amount of 10-12 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; the fertilizer is used in different periods, wherein the fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers in percentage by mass: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: the flower protecting fertilizer is 50: 20: 20: 10; the base fertilizer is applied in the farmland; spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage and booting stage, and adding Na2SeO3The fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is 45 g/mu, and the ratio of the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the tillering stage and the booting stage is 6:4 according to the mass ratio;
(2) carrying out chemical weeding 3 days before the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the transplanting density is 14-16 holes/square meter, the row spacing of the seedlings is 25-27 cm, each hole of a multi-tillering seedling is used for inserting a single plant, and a hole of a few-tillering seedling is used for inserting double plants;
(3) in the green turning period, the field water depth is 1/2-2/3 of the seedling height, and the seedlings are protected by water to accelerate green turning; after the tillering stage, early applying tillering fertilizer, and irrigating intermittently (namely keeping a water layer for 2-3 cm, naturally drying the tillering fertilizer after water is poured into a tank, and irrigating the tillering fertilizer after 2-3 days of wetting, wherein the steps are alternately carried out); after the booting period, applying spike fertilizer early, and irrigating intermittently (namely keeping a 3-3.5 cm shallow water layer, naturally drying the water layer after water is poured into a tank, and irrigating the water layer after 2-3 days of wetting, wherein the steps are performed alternately); after heading, applying a flower protecting fertilizer, and keeping a 3-3.5 cm shallow water layer; and after the maturing period, intermittently irrigating (keeping the water layer for 2-3 cm, naturally drying the rice after water is poured into a tank, irrigating the rice after 2-3 days of wetting, and repeating the steps until the rice is mature). Scientifically preventing and treating other diseases and insect pests during the growth period of the rice.
Example 3
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 2 are:
the base fertilizer is applied in farmland, and when the base fertilizer is applied, the silicon fertilizer is also applied according to SiO2The fertilizing amount of the silicon fertilizer is 3 kg/mu; spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage and booting stage, and adding Na2SeO3The fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is 45 g/mu, and the ratio of the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the tillering stage to the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the booting stage is 6: 4.
Example 4
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 2 are:
the base fertilizer is applied in farmland, and when the base fertilizer is applied, the silicon fertilizer is also applied according to SiO2The fertilizing amount of the silicon fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage and booting stage, and adding Na2SeO3The fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is 60 g/mu, and the ratio of the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the tillering stage to the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the booting stage is 6: 4.
Example 5
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 2 are: spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage, and adding Na2SeO3The fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is 45 g/mu, and the selenium fertilizer is not applied in the booting stage.
Comparative example 1
The main differences between this comparative example and example 2 are:
selenium fertilizer is not applied in tillering stage and booting stage.
Test examples
1.1 design of the experiment
The experimental site was Hainan Chengmei and the experimental rice variety was Nipponbare. Each cell area is 25m2pH 7.4 of soil and 28.1g of organic matterKg, nitrogen 2.16g/kg, potassium 119.31mg/kg, phosphorus 10.9 mg/kg. Each district is wrapped by plastic films to form ridges which are separately irrigated and arranged, and protection lines are arranged around the ridges. The cultivation was carried out by the methods of examples and comparative examples, respectively, 3 times for each treatment, and the rice was inoculated with white leaf blight fungus at the booting stage. During the cultivation period, no chemical agent for preventing and treating bacterial blight is used. The planting time is 5 months and 25 days.
1.2 contamination treatment
The strain is activated and prepared into 109cfu/mL of bacterial suspension for use. And in the booting stage of the rice, using scissors to dip bacteria liquid, then cutting off 1-2 cm of the leaf tips of healthy leaves at the upper part of the rice, cutting 1-2 leaves every time when the bacteria liquid is dipped, and randomly cutting 5-6 leaves every plant.
1.3 investigation of disease conditions
After 30 days of germ inoculation, the disease of the bacterial leaf blight of the rice is investigated by referring to the method for investigating the expression in the prescription, and 60 diseased leaves are randomly selected in each cell and classified according to the length of a disease spot. The classification criteria are as follows:
level 0: the scab is less than or equal to 0.2cm (only dry shear marks appear at the cut);
level 1: the scab is more than or equal to 0.2cm and less than or equal to 1.5 cm;
and 3, level: the disease spot is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 3.0 cm;
and 5, stage: the scab is more than or equal to 3.0cm and less than or equal to 5.0 cm;
and 7, stage: the disease spot is less than or equal to 5.0cm and less than or equal to 10 cm;
and 9, stage: the lesion spots are more than 10.0 cm.
The disease index calculation formula is as follows:
1.4 data analysis
The results are shown in table 1, and significance analysis was performed using SPSS software one-way ANOVA.
1.5 results
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Index of disease/%) | 27.7c | 25.0d | 17.0e | 16.3e | 35.7b | 62.3a |
| Yield kg/mu | 758a | 779b | 884c | 895c | 629d | 534e |
The different letters in the same row represent significant difference (p < 0.05)
The disease index of example 5 is obviously lower than that of the group of comparative example 1, which shows that the disease index is effectively reduced by applying selenium fertilizer in the tillering stage; the disease indexes of the example 1 and the example 2 are obviously lower than that of the example 5, which shows that the selenium fertilizer is applied in batches in the tillering stage and the booting stage to be beneficial to reducing the disease index; the disease indexes of the example 3 and the example 4 are obviously lower than those of the example 1 and the example 2, which shows that the method for preventing and treating the bacterial blight of the rice is the best method for applying the silicon fertilizer and the selenium fertilizer at the tillering stage and the booting stage in batches, and the disease index of the example 4 is reduced by about 74 percent compared with the comparative example 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial leaf blight of rice is characterized by comprising the following steps: besides nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the selenium fertilizer is also sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the tillering stage and/or booting stage.
2. The cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is applied in combination with a silicon fertilizer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the SiO is used as the material of the plant2The fertilizing amount of the silicon fertilizer is at least 3 kg/mu.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of Na is selected from the group consisting of2SeO3And the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is at least 45 g/mu.
5. The cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ratio of selenium fertilizer application in tillering stage and booting stage is (6-7) to (3-4).
6. The cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ratio of selenium fertilizer application in tillering stage and booting stage is 6: 4.
7. The cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
(1) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: nitrogen fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu calculated by pure nitrogen and P2O54-5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer is counted by K2O, measuring the total fertilizing amount of 10-12 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; the fertilizer is used in different periods, wherein the ratio of the fertilizer application amount is base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: and (4) flower protecting fertilizer (40-50): (20-25): (15-20): (10-20); the base fertilizer is applied in farmland, and when the base fertilizer is applied, the silicon fertilizer is also applied according to SiO2The fertilizing amount of the silicon fertilizer is at least 3 kg/mu; spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaf surface in tillering stage and booting stage, and adding Na2SeO3The fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer is at least 45 g/mu, and the ratio of the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the tillering stage to the fertilizing amount of the selenium fertilizer in the booting stage is (6-7) to (3-4);
(2) the seedling transplanting density is 14-16 holes/square meter, the row spacing of each plant is 25-27 cm, and 1-2 plants are planted in each hole;
(3) the field water depth in the green turning period is 1/2-2/3 of the seedling height; applying tillering fertilizer and irrigating intermittently after tillering period; after entering the booting stage, applying spike fertilizer and irrigating intermittently; after heading, applying a flower protecting fertilizer, and keeping a 3-3.5 cm shallow water layer; and after the fructification period, irrigating intermittently.
8. The cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ratio of the fertilizer amount is base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: the flower protecting fertilizer is 50: 20: 20: 10.
9. the cultivation method for reducing the incidence of bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice is Nipponbare.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114794146A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-07-29 | 扬州大学 | Selenized flour antibacterial material and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114794146A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-07-29 | 扬州大学 | Selenized flour antibacterial material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114794146B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-04-16 | 扬州大学 | Selenized flour antibacterial material and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200811 |